CN116848249A - 夜蛾科、草螟科和螟蛾科有害生物的控制 - Google Patents
夜蛾科、草螟科和螟蛾科有害生物的控制 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H5/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their plant parts; Angiosperms characterised otherwise than by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H5/10—Seeds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/195—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria
- C07K14/32—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria from Bacillus (G)
- C07K14/325—Bacillus thuringiensis crystal peptides, i.e. delta-endotoxins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8241—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
- C12N15/8261—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield
- C12N15/8271—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance
- C12N15/8279—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for biotic stress resistance, pathogen resistance, disease resistance
- C12N15/8286—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for biotic stress resistance, pathogen resistance, disease resistance for insect resistance
Landscapes
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Abstract
提供了控制鳞翅目例如夜蛾科、草螟科和螟蛾科的方法,以及保护作物,特别是玉米,免受鳞翅目例如夜蛾科、草螟科和螟蛾科造成的经济损害的方法。进一步提供了用编码Cry蛋白的核酸分子稳定转化的植物单独或与其他杀昆虫蛋白组合以控制或对抗鳞翅目例如夜蛾科、草螟科和螟蛾科的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及使用杀有害生物蛋白和编码它们的核酸分子来控制或对抗夜蛾科、草螟科和螟蛾科有害生物的组合物和方法。
背景技术
苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)是一种革兰氏阳性的孢子形成的土壤细菌,其特征在于它产生晶体包含体的能力,这些晶体包含体对于某些目以及种的植物有害生物(包括昆虫)是特异性地有毒的,但是对于植物和其他非靶标生物是无害的。出于这个原因,包括苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株或它们的杀昆虫蛋白的组合物可以用作环境上可接受的杀昆虫剂以控制农业昆虫有害生物或多种人或动物疾病的昆虫媒介。
来自苏云金芽孢杆菌的晶体(Cry)蛋白主要针对鳞翅目的、双翅目的、以及鞘翅目的有害昆虫具有有力的杀昆虫活性。这些蛋白质还已经显示针对以下目的有害生物的活性:膜翅目、同翅目、毛虱目、食毛目、以及壁虱目,连同其他的无脊椎动物目,如线虫动物门、扁形动物门、以及肉足鞭毛亚门(Feitelson,J.,1993,The Bacillus Thuringiensisfamily tree[苏云金芽孢杆菌家族树],在:Advanced Engineered Pesticides[前沿的工程化的杀有害生物剂],马塞尔德克尔公司(Marcel Dekker,Inc.),纽约,纽约州)。这些蛋白最初主要基于它们的杀昆虫活性而被分类为CryI至CryVI。主要的类别是鳞翅目特异性(I)、鳞翅目和双翅目特异性(II)、鞘翅目特异性(III)、双翅目特异性(IV)、以及线虫特异性(V)和(VI)。这些蛋白被进一步分为亚家族;在各个家族内更高度相关的蛋白指定了区分的字母,例如CryIA、CryIB、CryIC等。在各个区分内的甚至更紧密相关的蛋白质被给定名称,例如CryIC(a)、CryIC(b)等。术语“Cry毒素”以及“δ-内毒素”与术语“Cry蛋白”已可互换地使用。对于Cry蛋白和基因的当前新命名法基于氨基酸序列同源性而不是昆虫靶标特异性(Crickmore等人(1998)Microbiol.Mol.Biol.Rev.[微生物分子生物学评论]62:807-813)。在这个更可接受的分类中,每种毒素被指定唯一的名称,该名称合并了初级等级(阿拉伯数字)、二级等级(大写字母)、三级等级(小写字母)、以及四级等级(另一个阿拉伯数字)。在当前分类中,在初级等级中罗马数字已经换为阿拉伯数字。例如,在旧命名法下的“CryIA(a)”现在在当前命名法下是“Cry1Aa”。根据Ibrahim等人(2010,Bioeng.Bugs[生物工程学蝽象],1:31-50),Cry毒素仍然可以根据其昆虫宿主特异性被分为六个主要类别并且包括:组1—鳞翅目(例如Cry1、Cry9和Cry15);组2—鳞翅目和双翅目(例如Cry2);组3—鞘翅目(Cry3、Cry7和Cry8);组4—双翅目(Cry4、Cry10、Cry11、Cry16、Cry17、Cry19和Cry20);组5—鳞翅目和鞘翅目(Cry1I);以及组6—线虫(Cry6)。Cry1I、Cry2、Cry3、Cry10和Cry11毒素(73–82kDa)是独特的,因为它们似乎是更大Cry1和Cry4蛋白(130–140kDa)的天然截短。
Cry蛋白是在Bt的孢子形成阶段期间以晶体形式积聚为原毒素的球状蛋白质分子。在由有害生物摄取后,这些晶体典型地被溶解以释放原毒素,原毒素大小的范围可以为,例如,对于许多具有鳞翅目活性的Cry蛋白如Cry1和Cry9为从130-140kDa,并且对于具有鞘翅目活性的Cry3蛋白及具有鳞翅目/双翅目活性的Cry2蛋白为60-80kDa。在这些晶体被易感昆虫溶解后,这些释放的原毒素被昆虫肠道中的蛋白酶例如胰蛋白酶和胰凝乳蛋白酶加工,以产生抗蛋白酶的核心Cry蛋白毒素。这种蛋白水解加工涉及从各种Cry原毒素的不同区域去除氨基酸。例如,为130-140kDa的Cry原毒素典型地通过蛋白水解去除25-30个氨基酸的N-末端肽以及C-末端的大约一半的剩余蛋白来激活,产生大约60-70kDa成熟Cry毒素。为60-80kDa的原毒素(例如Cry2和Cry3)也被加工但是其程度不与更大的原毒素相同。与更大的原毒素相比,较小的原毒素典型地从N-末端去除相等或更多个氨基酸,但较少氨基酸被从C-末端去除。例如,Cry2家族成员的蛋白水解激活典型地涉及去除大约40-50个N-末端氨基酸。许多Cry蛋白对特定的靶标昆虫是相当有毒的,但许多具有窄的活性谱。
Cry蛋白通常具有五个保守序列结构域、以及三个保守结构性结构域(参见例如,de Maagd等人,(2001)Trends Genetics[遗传学趋势],17:193-199)。第一保守结构性结构域(称作结构域I)典型地由七个α螺旋组成并且参与膜插入以及孔形成。结构域II典型地由三个布置为希腊钥匙构型的β片层组成,并且结构域III典型地由两个处于“果冻卷”(‘jelly-roll’)构造的反平行的β片层组成(de Maagd等人,2001,同上)。结构域II和III参与受体识别和结合,并且因此被认为是毒素特异性的决定物。
众多商业上有价值的植物(包括普通的农作物)易受植物有害生物(包括昆虫和线虫有害生物)的攻击的影响,导致作物产量和品质的实质性降低。例如,植物有害生物是在全世界重要农作物损失中的主要因素。由于病虫害,在中国每年收获的谷类损失约15%-20%。此外,由于无脊椎有害生物(包含昆虫)的侵染,仅在美国每年就损失约80亿美元。昆虫有害生物对于菜农和果农,对于观赏性花卉的生产商,以及对于家庭花匠也是负担。
昆虫有害生物主要是通过密集使用化学杀有害生物剂来控制,这些化学杀有害生物剂通过抑制昆虫成长、预防昆虫摄食或繁殖、或者导致死亡而有效。生物性有害生物控制剂,如表达杀有害生物毒素(如Cry蛋白)的苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株,也已经施用于作物植物中,产生了令人满意的结果,提供化学杀有害生物剂的替代物或补充物。已经分离了编码这些Cry蛋白的一些的基因并且它们在异源宿主(如转基因植物)中的表达已经显示出提供了另一种用于控制经济上重要的昆虫有害生物的手段。大多数Cry蛋白对非常有限的昆虫有害生物谱具有活性。并且典型地,针对一种昆虫物种的活性并不能预测针对不同昆虫物种的活性。
鳞翅目有害生物(包括本披露的夜蛾科、草螟科和螟蛾科有害生物)在中国和存在此类有害生物的其他国家仍然是一个问题。此外,对现有杀昆虫蛋白产生抗性的威胁意味着引入新的杀昆虫蛋白很重要。因此,仍然需要鉴定能够控制鳞翅目有害生物(例如,本披露的夜蛾科、草螟科和螟蛾科有害生物)的杀昆虫蛋白。
发明内容
本披露提供了控制鳞翅目有害生物(例如,夜蛾科、草螟科和螟蛾科有害生物)以及保护作物(特别是玉米和水稻)免受此类有害生物造成的经济损害的组合物和方法。本披露进一步涉及用编码本披露的Cry蛋白的核酸分子稳定转化的植物(尤其是单子叶植物,特别是玉米(玉蜀黍(maize,Zea mays))和水稻(稻(Oryza sativa)))单独或与其他杀昆虫蛋白组合以控制或对抗鳞翅目(例如,夜蛾科、草螟科和螟蛾科)的用途。本披露还进一步涉及含有本披露的Cry蛋白的杀昆虫配制品保护植物免受鳞翅目(例如,夜蛾科、草螟科和螟蛾科)的影响的用途。本披露还涉及植物,尤其是单子叶植物,特别是玉米或水稻植物,该植物可被鳞翅目(例如,夜蛾科、草螟科和螟蛾科)侵染并且用编码本披露的Cry蛋白的可表达的核酸分子转化以对抗或控制鳞翅目,例如夜蛾科、草螟科和螟蛾科有害生物种群。
根据本披露,提供了通过以下步骤来对抗和/或控制鳞翅目,例如夜蛾科、草螟科和螟蛾科昆虫的方法:将这些昆虫与包含SEQ ID NO:1-2中任一个的氨基酸序列的Cry蛋白或其杀昆虫片段接触,这些昆虫属于以下物种:棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)(棉花暝蛉(Cotton bollworm)/古夜蛾(Old World bollworm))、黏虫(Mythimna separata)(东方黏虫(Oriental armyworm))、二点委夜蛾(Athetis lepigone)(二斑黏虫(Two-spottedarmyworm))、斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)(夜盗虫(Common cutworm)/莲纹夜蛾(Oriental leafworm))、小地老虎(Agrotis ipsilon)(黑土蚕(Black cutworm))、桃蛀螟(Conogethes punctiferalis)(桃蛀野螟(Yellow peach moth))、二化螟(Chilosuppressalis)(条纹茎螟(Striped stem borer))、大螟(Sesamia inferens)(粉蛀茎虫(Pink stem borer))或亚洲玉米螟(Ostrinia furnacalis)(玉米螟(Asian cornborer))。在一些实施例中,小地老虎(黑土蚕)来自中国的小地老虎(黑土蚕)种群。
在一些实施例中,接触步骤可以利用杀昆虫组合物进行,该杀昆虫组合物包含:本披露的Cry蛋白或其杀昆虫片段、以及可接受的农业载体。在一些实施例中,昆虫的接触可以是与植物接触,尤其是单子叶植物,特别是玉米或水稻植物,该植物用编码本披露的Cry蛋白的可表达的核酸分子稳定地转化,使得经转化的植物以有效的昆虫控制量表达本披露的Cry蛋白或其杀昆虫片段。
此外,通过将被鳞翅目(例如夜蛾科、草螟科和螟蛾科昆虫)侵染的植物(尤其是单子叶植物,特别是玉米或水稻植物)用编码本披露的Cry蛋白的基因稳定地转化,来保护其免受这种昆虫带来持续经济损害。
对序列表中的序列的简述
SEQ ID NO:1是BT-0051蛋白的氨基酸序列。
SEQ ID NO:2是BT-0128蛋白的氨基酸序列。
具体实施方式
本说明不旨在是可以实施本发明的所有不同方式或可以添加到本发明中的所有特征的详细目录。例如,关于一个实施例所说明的特征可以并入其他实施例中,并且关于一个特定实施例所说明的特征可以从那个实施例删除。因此,本发明预期了,在本发明的一些实施例中,可以排除或省略本文陈述的任何特征或特征的组合。此外,鉴于本披露内容,本文建议的不同实施例的众多变化以及增加物对于本领域技术人员是显而易见的,这不脱离本发明。因此,以下说明旨在阐述本发明的一些特定实施例,并且并没有穷尽地叙述其所有排列、组合和变化。
除非另外定义,本文所使用的所有技术和科学术语均具有与本发明所属领域的普通技术人员通常所理解的相同的含义。在本文的发明的说明中使用的术语是仅出于描述特定实施例的目的,且并不旨在限制本发明。
如本文和所附权利要求所使用的,单数形式“一个/一种(a/an)”和“所述/该(the)”包括复数指代物,除非上下文另外明确地指示。因此,例如,提及“一种植物”是提及一种或多种植物并且包括本领域技术人员已知的其等效物等。
如本文所使用的,词语“和/或”是指并且涵盖一个或多个相关联的列出项的任何及全部可能组合,连同当以可替代性(“或”)解释时组合的缺少。
术语“约”在本文用于表示大约、大致、约或在……左右。当术语“约”结合数值范围来使用时,它通过将边界延伸至高于以及低于所阐明的数值来限定这个范围。通常,术语“约”在本文中用于将数值限定至以20%的变化,优选地10%上下(更高或更低)地高于以及低于规定值。关于温度,术语“约”意指±1℃,优选±0.5℃。当术语“约”被用于本发明的上下文中(例如与温度或分子量值组合)时,精确值(即,无“约”)是优选的。
“控制”昆虫意指通过毒性作用抑制昆虫有害生物存活、生长、摄食、或繁殖的能力,或者限制昆虫相关的作物植物损害或损失,或者保护在昆虫有害生物存在的条件下生长时的作物的产量潜力。“控制”昆虫可以是或可以不是意指杀死昆虫,尽管其优选意指杀死昆虫。
术语“包含(comprises或comprising)”当用于本说明书中时指示所说明的特征、整数、步骤、操作、要素、或组分的存在,但并不排除一个或多个其他特征、整数、步骤、操作、要素、组分、或其组的存在或添加。
如本文所使用的,过渡短语“基本上由……组成”(以及语法变体)意指权利要求的范围有待被解读为涵盖权利要求中所列举的指定材料或步骤以及非实质上改变所要求的发明的一个或多个基本和新颖特征的那些。因此,当用于本发明的权利要求中时,术语“基本上由……组成”并不旨在被解释为等同于“包含(comprising)”。
如本文所使用的,术语“Cry蛋白”意指可以在苏云金芽孢杆菌或相关细菌中以结晶形式存在的杀昆虫蛋白。术语“Cry蛋白”可以指原毒素形式或其任何杀昆虫片段或毒素。
“递送”组合物或毒性蛋白意指该组合物或毒性蛋白与昆虫接触,这促进该组合物或毒性蛋白的经口摄取,产生对昆虫的毒性作用和控制。可以按照许多公认的方式,包括但不限于转基因植物表达、一种或多种配制的蛋白组合物、一种或多种可喷雾的蛋白组合物、饵基(bait matrix)、或任何其他的领域公认的蛋白递送系统来递送该组合物或毒性蛋白。
“有效的昆虫控制量”意指毒性蛋白的浓度,它通过毒性作用抑制昆虫存活、生长、摄食或繁殖的能力,或者限制昆虫相关的损害或作物植物损失,或者保护在昆虫有害生物存在的条件下生长时的作物的产量潜力。“有效的昆虫控制量”可以是或可以不是意指杀死昆虫,尽管其优选意指杀死昆虫。
“基因”在本文定义为包括一个或多个多核苷酸的遗传单位,该遗传单位占据染色体或质粒上特定位置并且包含用于生物中的特定特征或性状的遗传指令。
如本文所使用的,“杀有害生物”、“杀昆虫”等是指本披露的Cry蛋白控制有害生物的能力或者可以控制如本文所定义的有害生物的Cry蛋白的量。因此,杀有害生物Cry蛋白可以杀死或抑制有害生物(例如,昆虫有害生物)存活、生长、摄食、或繁殖的能力。
核苷酸在本文中由以下标准缩写表示:腺嘌呤(A)、胞嘧啶(C)、胸腺嘧啶(T)、以及鸟嘌呤(G)。氨基酸也由以下标准缩写表示:丙氨酸(Ala;A)、精氨酸(Arg;R)、天冬酰胺(Asn;N)、天冬氨酸(Asp;D)、半胱氨酸(Cys;C)、谷氨酰胺(Gln;Q)、谷氨酸(Glu;E)、甘氨酸(Gly;G)、组氨酸(His;H)、异亮氨酸(Ile;1)、亮氨酸(Leu;L)、赖氨酸(Lys;K)、甲硫氨酸(Met;M)、苯丙氨酸(Phe;F)、脯氨酸(Pro;P)、丝氨酸(Ser;S)、苏氨酸(Thr;T)、色氨酸(Trp;W)、酪氨酸(Tyr;Y)、以及缬氨酸(Val;V)。
本发明基于毒性测定的结果,该测定通过向某些夜蛾科、草螟科和螟蛾科昆虫饲喂含有纯化的Cry毒素的人工饲料进行,并且结果令人惊讶地表明某些Cry蛋白对一种或多种测试昆虫具有毒性(参见实例1)。因此,这些活性Cry蛋白可用于提供针对此类有害生物的最大保护,并且可以在田间防止或减少昆虫对Cry杀昆虫配制品产生抗性。
本披露的“Cry蛋白”可以是天然存在的或工程化的,并且涵盖具有序列表的SEQID NO:1-2中任一个所示的氨基酸序列的全长蛋白(原毒素)以及其任何杀昆虫活性片段。
本披露还涵盖多核苷酸,这些多核苷酸是编码Cry蛋白原毒素的多核苷酸的片段。“片段”意指编码Cry蛋白的核苷酸序列的一个部分。核苷酸序列的片段可以编码Cry蛋白的生物活性部分,即所谓的“毒性片段”,或它可以是如下片段,使用以下披露的方法该片段可以用作杂交探针或PCR引物。核酸分子是Cry蛋白编码核苷酸序列的片段,根据所期望的用途包括至少约15、20、50、75、100、200、300、350、400、450、500、550、600、650、700、750、800、850、900、950、1000、1050、1100、1150、1200、1250、1300、1350、1400、1450个连续核苷酸,或高达存在于在本文中披露的全长Cry蛋白编码核苷酸序列中的核苷酸的数目。通过“连续的”核苷酸一词是指彼此直接相邻的核苷酸残基。本披露的核苷酸序列的一些片段将编码保留Cry蛋白的生物活性、并且因此保留杀昆虫活性的毒性片段。“保留杀昆虫活性”旨在该片段将具有至少约30%、优选地至少约50%、更优选地至少约70%、甚至更优选地至少约80%的Cry蛋白的杀昆虫活性。用于测量杀昆虫活性的方法在本领域是熟知的。参见例如,Czapla和Lang(1990)J.Econ.Entomol.[经济昆虫学杂志]83:2480-2485;Andrews等人(1988)Biochem.J.[生物化学杂志]252:199-206;Marrone等人(1985)J.of EconomicEntomology[经济昆虫学杂志]78:290-293;和美国专利号5,743,477,将其全部通过引用以其全文并入本文。
本披露的Cry蛋白的毒素片段将编码至少约15、25、30、50、75、100、125、150、175、200、250、300、350、400、和450个连续的氨基酸,或高达存在于本披露的全长Cry蛋白中的总数目的氨基酸。
如本文所使用的,对昆虫有害生物是“有毒的”Cry蛋白意指该Cry蛋白充当口服活性的昆虫控制剂以杀死昆虫有害生物,或者该Cry蛋白能够破坏或阻止昆虫摄食、或引起对昆虫有害生物的生长抑制,其两者可以引起或可以不引起昆虫死亡。当本披露的Cry蛋白被递送至昆虫或昆虫与Cry蛋白进行经口接触时,结果典型地是该昆虫的死亡、或者该昆虫的生长减慢、或者该昆虫停止以使该有毒的Cry蛋白可供该昆虫利用的来源为食。
在一些实施例中,本披露提供了抑制有害生物生长或杀死有害生物的方法,该方法包括使有害生物与包含SEQ ID NO:1-2中任一个的氨基酸序列的Cry蛋白或其杀昆虫片段接触,其中该有害生物选自由以下组成的组:棉铃虫(棉花暝蛉/古夜蛾)、黏虫(东方黏虫)、二点委夜蛾(二斑黏虫)、斜纹夜蛾(夜盗虫/莲纹夜蛾)、小地老虎(黑土蚕)、桃蛀螟(桃蛀野螟)、二化螟(条纹茎螟)、大螟(粉蛀茎虫)和亚洲玉米螟(玉米螟)。在一些实施例中,小地老虎(黑土蚕)来自中国的小地老虎(黑土蚕)种群。
在一些实施例中,本披露提供了用于控制有害生物种群的方法,该方法包括使有害生物种群与杀昆虫有效量的包含SEQ ID NO:1-2中任一个的氨基酸序列的Cry蛋白或其杀昆虫片段接触,其中该有害生物选自由以下组成的组:棉铃虫(棉花暝蛉/古夜蛾)、黏虫(东方黏虫)、二点委夜蛾(二斑黏虫)、斜纹夜蛾(夜盗虫/莲纹夜蛾)、小地老虎(黑土蚕)、桃蛀螟(桃蛀野螟)、二化螟(条纹茎螟)、大螟(粉蛀茎虫)和亚洲玉米螟(玉米螟)。在一些实施例中,小地老虎(黑土蚕)来自中国的小地老虎(黑土蚕)种群。
在本披露的另外的实施例中,使有害生物或有害生物种群进一步与不同于包含SEQ ID NO:1-2中任一个的氨基酸序列的Cry蛋白的第二杀昆虫蛋白接触。在仍其他实施例中,第二杀昆虫蛋白选自由以下组成的组:苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bt)杀昆虫蛋白、致病杆菌属杀昆虫蛋白、发光杆菌属杀昆虫蛋白、侧孢短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus laterosporus)杀昆虫蛋白、球形芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sphaericus)杀昆虫蛋白、穿孔素、蛋白酶抑制剂(丝氨酸和半胱氨酸类型两者)、凝集素、α-淀粉酶、过氧化物酶、胆固醇氧化酶以及双链RNA(dsRNA)分子。
在本披露的其他实施例中,接触步骤(本披露的Cry蛋白借此与有害生物接触)是利用表达所述蛋白或其杀昆虫片段的微生物或植物进行的。在其他实施例中,将植物用编码本披露的Cry蛋白或其杀昆虫片段的核酸分子稳定地转化。在仍其他实施例中,植物是单子叶植物或双子叶植物。在其他实施例中,单子叶植物是玉米或水稻植物,或者双子叶植物是大豆植物。
在一些实施例中,本披露提供了用于保护植物免受有害生物侵害的方法,该方法包括在植物或其细胞中表达杀昆虫有效量的包含SEQ ID NO:1-2中任一个的氨基酸序列的Cry蛋白或其杀昆虫片段,其中该有害生物选自由以下组成的组:棉铃虫(棉花暝蛉/古夜蛾)、黏虫(东方黏虫)、二点委夜蛾(二斑黏虫)、斜纹夜蛾(夜盗虫/莲纹夜蛾)、小地老虎(黑土蚕)、桃蛀螟(桃蛀野螟)、二化螟(条纹茎螟)、大螟(粉蛀茎虫)和亚洲玉米螟(玉米螟)。在一些实施例中,小地老虎(黑土蚕)来自中国的小地老虎(黑土蚕)种群。
为了有效对抗本披露的昆虫有害生物,该Cry蛋白首先被昆虫经口摄取。然而,该Cry蛋白可以按许多公认的方式被递送至该昆虫。将蛋白经口递送至昆虫的方式包括但不限于(1)在转基因植物中提供该蛋白,其中昆虫采食(摄取)转基因植物的一个或多个部分,从而摄取在转基因植物中表达的多肽;(2)在一种或多种可施用于或掺入例如昆虫生长培养基的配制的蛋白组合物中提供该蛋白;(3)在一种或多种可施用于植物部分的表面(例如喷雾到植物部分的表面上)的蛋白组合物中提供该蛋白,然后当昆虫采食一个或多个被喷雾的植物部分时被昆虫摄取;(4)饵基;(5)任何其他本领域公认的蛋白质递送系统。因此,可以在本披露的方法中使用经口递送至昆虫的任何方法来递送本披露的毒性Cry蛋白。在一些特定实施例中,将本披露的Cry蛋白经口递送至昆虫,其中该昆虫摄取转基因植物的一个或多个部分。
在其他实施例中,将本披露的Cry蛋白经口递送至昆虫,其中该昆虫摄取用包含本披露的Cry蛋白的组合物喷雾的植物的一个或多个部分。可以使用本领域技术人员已知的用于将化合物、组合物、配制品等施用于植物表面的任何方法将本披露的组合物递送至植物表面。递送至或接触植物或其部分的一些非限制性实例包括喷雾、撒粉、喷洒、分散、下雾、雾化、撒播、浸泡、土壤注入、土壤掺入、浸透(例如,根、土壤处理)、浸渍、灌注、涂覆、叶或茎浸润、侧施或种子处理等及其组合。用于使植物或其部分与一种或多种化合物、一种或多种组合物或一种或多种配制品接触的这些和其他程序是本领域技术人员熟知的。
在本披露的一些实施例中,在高等生物(例如,植物)中表达本披露的杀昆虫Cry蛋白。在这种情况下,表达有效量的杀昆虫蛋白的转基因植物保护自身免受植物有害生物如昆虫有害生物的侵害。当昆虫有害生物幼虫开始摄食这样一种转基因植物时,它摄取了所表达的杀昆虫Cry蛋白。这可以妨碍昆虫进一步咬食植物组织或者甚至可以伤害或杀死昆虫。编码本披露的Cry蛋白的多核苷酸被插入表达盒中,然后该表达盒被稳定地整合到植物的基因组中。在其他实施例中,该多核苷酸被包含在非致病性自我复制的病毒中。根据本披露转化的植物可以是单子叶植物或双子叶植物,并且包括但不限于玉米(玉蜀黍)、大豆、水稻、小麦、大麦、黑麦、燕麦、高粱、粟、向日葵、红花、甜菜、棉花、甘蔗、油菜、苜蓿、烟草、花生、蔬菜(包括甘薯、豆类、豌豆、菊苣、莴苣、甘蓝、花椰菜、西兰花、芜菁、胡萝卜、茄子、黄瓜、萝卜、菠菜、马铃薯、番茄、芦笋、洋葱、大蒜、瓜类、胡椒、芹菜、南瓜、西葫芦、绿皮西葫芦)、水果(包括苹果、梨、榅桲、李子、樱桃、桃、蜜桃、杏、草莓、葡萄、覆盆子、黑莓、菠萝、鳄梨、番木瓜、芒果、香蕉)和特种植物如拟南芥以及木本植物如针叶树和落叶树。优选地,本披露的植物是作物植物,如玉蜀黍、大豆、高粱、小麦、向日葵、番茄、十字花科植物、胡椒、马铃薯、棉花、水稻、甜菜、甘蔗、烟草、大麦、油菜等。一旦所希望的多核苷酸已经被转化进特定的植物物种中,便可以使用传统的育种技术将其在该物种中繁殖或将其转移到相同物种的其他品种中,特别是包括商业品种。
在转基因植物中表达编码本披露的Cry蛋白的多核苷酸,由此导致在这些转基因植物中对处于原毒素或毒素形式的编码的Cry蛋白的生物合成。以此方式,在存在昆虫有害生物种群压力下产生具有增强的产量保护的转基因植物。对于它们在转基因植物中的表达,编码Cry蛋白的核苷酸序列可能需要修饰和优化。尽管在许多情况下,来自微生物的基因能够在植物中高水平表达而无需修饰,但在转基因植物中的低表达可能是由于微生物核苷酸序列的缘故,这些序列具有在植物中并不优选的密码子。在本领域中已知,活生物具有特定的密码子使用偏好,而且在本披露中所描述的这些核苷酸序列的密码子可以被改变以符合植物偏好,同时维持由其编码的氨基酸。此外,在植物(例如玉米植物)中高表达最好是由如下编码序列实现的,这些编码序列具有至少约35%、或至少约45%、或至少约50%、或至少约60%的GC含量。具有低GC含量的微生物核苷酸序列在植物中也许表达欠佳,这是由于存在着可能使信息不稳定的ATTTA基序,以及可导致不恰当的聚腺苷酸化的AATAAA基序。尽管某些基因序列可以在单子叶植物和双子叶植物物种两者中充分表达,但是可以对序列进行修饰以便迎合单子叶植物或双子叶植物的特定密码子偏好以及GC含量偏好,因为这些偏好已经被证明是不同的(Murray等人,Nucl.Acids Res.[核酸研究]17:477-498(1989))。此外,针对不正常剪接位点的存在来对这些核苷酸序列进行筛选,这些位点可能导致信息平截(message truncation)。使用描述于例如美国专利号5,625,136、5,500,365和6,013,523中的方法,使用熟知的定点诱变、PCR以及合成基因构建技术对在这些核苷酸序列之内所有需要做出的变化(如上文所述的那些)进行改变。
为了有效地启动翻译,可能需要修饰与起始甲硫氨酸相邻的序列。例如,它们可以通过包含已知在植物中有效的序列而被修饰。Joshi已经提出了针对植物的适当的共有序列(NAR 15:6643-6653(1987))。这些共有序列适于与本披露的核苷酸序列一起使用。将这些序列掺入至包含核苷酸序列的构建体中,达到ATG并且包括ATG(同时保持不修饰第二氨基酸),或者可替代地达到ATG后的GTC并且包括ATG后的GTC(具有修饰该转基因的第二氨基酸的可能性)。
编码本披露的Cry蛋白的多核苷酸序列可以可操作地融合至用于在植物中表达的多种启动子(包括组成型、诱导型、时序性调节的、发育调节的、化学调节的、组织优选的以及组织特异性启动子)以制备重组DNA分子(即,嵌合基因)。启动子的选择将根据表达的时间和空间需要而变化,并且还根据靶物种而变化。因此,本披露的核苷酸序列在叶、在柄(stalk)或茎(stem)、在穗、在花序(例如穗状花序、圆锥花序、穗轴等)、在根或籽苗中的表达是优选的。然而在许多情况下,寻求针对多于一种类型昆虫有害生物的保护,并且因此在多个组织中的表达是令人希望的。尽管已经显示来自双子叶植物的很多启动子在单子叶植物中是可操作的并且反之亦然,但理想的是选择双子叶植物启动子用于在双子叶植物中表达,并且选择单子叶植物启动子用于在单子叶植物中表达。不过,对于所选的启动子的起源没有限制;只要它们可有效驱动核苷酸序列在所希望细胞中表达就足够了。
适合的组成型启动子包括例如CaMV 35S启动子(Odell等人,Nature[自然]313:810-812,1985);拟南芥At6669启动子(参见PCT公开号WO 04081173A2);玉蜀黍Ubi 1(Christensen等人,Plant Mol.Biol.[植物分子生物学]18:675-689,1992);水稻肌动蛋白(McElroy等人,Plant Cell[植物细胞]2:163-171,1990);pEMU(Last等人,Theor.Appl.Genet.[理论与应用遗传学]81:581-588,1991);CaMV 19S(Nilsson等人,Physiol.Plant[植物生理学]100:456-462,1997);GOS2(de Pater等人,Plant J[植物杂志]11月;2(6):837-44,1992);泛素(Christensen等人,Plant Mol.Biol.[植物分子生物学]18:675-689,1992);水稻亲环蛋白(Bucholz等人,Plant Mol.Biol.[植物分子生物学]25(5):837-43,1994);玉蜀黍H3组蛋白(Lepetit等人,Mol.Gen.Genet.[分子遗传学与普通遗传学]231:276-285,1992);肌动蛋白2(An等人,Plant J.[植物杂志]10(1);107-121,1996)、组成型根尖CT2启动子(PCT申请号IL/2005/000627)以及Synthetic Super MAS(Ni等人,The Plant Journal[植物杂志]7:661-76,1995)。其他组成型启动子包括在美国专利号5,659,026、5,608,149、5,608,144、5,604,121、5,569,597、5,466,785、5,399,680、5,268,463和5,608,142中的那些。
对于在植物(特别是玉蜀黍)中表达本披露的Cry蛋白编码序列有用的组织特异性或组织优先启动子是指导在根、髓、叶或花粉中的表达的那些。适合的组织特异性启动子包括但不限于叶特异性启动子[如例如由Yamamoto等人,Plant J.[植物杂志]12:255-265,1997;Kwon等人,Plant Physiol.[植物生理学]105:357-67,1994;Yamamoto等人,PlantCell Physiol.[植物细胞生理学]35:773-778,1994;Gotor等人,Plant J.[植物杂志]3:509-18,1993;Orozco等人,Plant Mol.Biol.[植物分子生物学]23:1129-1138,1993;以及Matsuoka等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA[美国国家科学院院刊]90:9586-9590,1993所描述],种子优选启动子[例如来自种子特异性基因(Simon等人,Plant Mol.Biol.[植物分子生物学]5.191,1985;Scofield等人,J.Biol.Chem.[生物化学杂志]262:12202,1987;Baszczynski等人,Plant Mol.Biol.[植物分子生物学]14:633,1990)、巴西坚果白蛋白(Pearson等人,Plant Mol.Biol.[植物分子生物学]18:235-245,1992)、豆球蛋白(Ellis等人,Plant Mol.Biol.[植物分子生物学]10:203-214,1988)、谷蛋白(水稻)(Takaiwa等人,Mol.Gen.Genet.[分子遗传学与普通遗传学]208:15-22,1986;Takaiwa等人,FEBS Letts.[欧洲生化学会联合会快报]221:43-47,1987)、玉米蛋白(Matzke等人,Plant Mol Biol[植物分子生物学],143).323-32 1990)、napA(Stalberg等人,Planta[植物]199:515-519,1996)、小麦SPA(Albanietal,Plant Cell[植物细胞],9:171-184,1997)、向日葵油体蛋白(oleosin)(Cummins等人,Plant Mol.Biol.[植物分子生物学]19:873-876,1992)],胚乳特异性启动子[例如,小麦LMW和HMW,麦谷蛋白-1(Mol Gen Genet[分子遗传学与普通遗传学]216:81-90,1989;NAR 17:461-2),小麦a、b和g麦醇溶蛋白(EMB03:1409-15,1984),大麦ltrl启动子,大麦B1、C、D大麦醇溶蛋白(Theor Appl Gen[理论与应用遗传学]98:1253-62,1999;Plant J[植物杂志]4:343-55,1993;Mol Gen Genet[分子遗传学与普通遗传学]250:750-60,1996),大麦DOF(Mena等人,The Plant Journal[植物杂志]116(1):53-62,1998),Biz2(EP 99106056.7),合成启动子(Vicente-Carbajosa等人,Plant J.[植物杂志]13:629-640,1998),水稻谷醇溶蛋白NRP33、水稻-球蛋白Glb-1(Wu等人,Plant CellPhysiology[植物细胞生理学]39(8)885-889,1998),水稻α-球蛋白REB/OHP-1(Nakase等人,Plant Mol.Biol.[植物分子生物学]33:513-S22,1997),水稻ADP-葡萄糖PP(Trans Res6:157-68,1997),玉蜀黍ESR基因家族(Plant J[植物杂志]12:235-46,1997),高粱γ-高粱醇溶蛋白(Plant Mol.Biol[植物分子生物学]32:1029-35,1996)],胚特异性启动子[例如,水稻OSH1(Sato等人,Proc.Nati.Acad.Sci.USA[美国国家科学院院刊]93:8117-8122),KNOX(Postma-Haarsma等人,Plant Mol.Biol.[植物分子生物学]39:257-71,1999),水稻油体蛋白(Wu等人,J.Biochem.[生物化学杂志],123:386,1998)],花特异性启动子[例如,AtPRP4,查尔酮合酶(chalene synthase;chsA)(Van der Meer等人,Plant Mol.Biol.[植物分子生物学]15,95-109,1990),LAT52(Twell等人,Mol.Gen Genet.[分子遗传学与普通遗传学]217:240-245;1989),apetala-3,植物繁殖组织[例如,OsMADS启动子(美国专利申请2007/0006344)]。
核苷酸序列也可以在被化学调节的启动子的调节下进行表达。这使得本披露的Cry蛋白能够仅在用诱导化学品对作物植物进行处理时被合成。用于基因表达的化学诱导的此类技术的实例详述于公开申请EP 0 332 104和美国专利号5,614,395中。在一个实施例中,化学调节的启动子是烟草PR-1a启动子。
另一类在本披露中有用的启动子是创伤可诱导的启动子。已经描述了数量众多的在创伤部位并且还在植物病原菌感染的部位表达的启动子。理想的是,这样的启动子在昆虫入侵的部位应该仅有局部活性,并且以此方式这些杀昆虫蛋白仅在需要合成这些杀昆虫蛋白的细胞中积聚以杀死入侵的昆虫有害生物。这类启动子的实例包括由以下文献所描述的那些:Stanford等人,Mol.Gen.Genet.[分子遗传学与普通遗传学]215:200-208(1989);Xu等人,Plant Molec.Biol.[植物分子生物学]22:573-588(1993);Logemann等人,PlantCell[植物细胞]1:151-158(1989);Rohrmeier和Lehle,Plant Molec.Biol.[植物分子生物学]22:783-792(1993);Firek等人,Plant Molec.Biol.[植物分子生物学]22:129-142(1993)以及Warner等人,Plant J.[植物杂志]3:191-201(1993)。
导致在本披露中有用的组织特异性表达模式的启动子的非限制性实例包括绿色组织特异性的、根特异性的、茎特异性的或花特异性的。适于在绿色组织中表达的启动子包括调节涉及光合作用的基因的许多启动子,并且这些中的许多已经从单子叶植物和双子叶植物两者中得以克隆。一种此类启动子是源自磷酸烯醇羧化酶基因的玉蜀黍PEPC启动子(Hudspeth和Grula,Plant Molec.Biol.[植物分子生物学]12:579-589(1989))。另一种用于根特异性表达的启动子是由de Framond(FEBS 290:103-106(1991)或美国专利号5,466,785)描述的启动子。另一种在本披露中有用的启动子是描述于美国专利号5,625,136中的茎特异性启动子,它天然地驱动玉蜀黍trpA基因的表达。
除了选择适合的启动子之外,用于在植物中表达杀昆虫毒素的构建体还需要适当的可操作地连接本披露的Cry蛋白编码序列下游的转录终止子。几种此类的终止子是可获得的并且在本领域中是已知的(例如来自CaMV的tml,来自rbcS的E9)。任何已知在植物中发挥作用的可供使用的终止子均可以在本披露的上下文中使用。
可以将数量众多的其他序列掺入本披露所描述的表达盒中。这些序列包括已经显示出增强表达的序列,如内含子序列(例如,来自Adhl和bronzel)以及病毒的前导序列(例如,来自TMV、MCMV、和AMV)。
本披露的核苷酸序列在植物中针对不同的细胞定位的靶向表达可能是更优选的。在一些情况下,在胞质溶胶中的定位可能是令人希望的,而在其他情况下,在某个亚细胞器中的定位可能是优选的。用于靶向例如植物中的基因产物的任何机构都可以用于实践本发明,并且已知此类机构存在于植物中并且已经相当详细地表征了控制这些机构的功能的序列。已经表征了导致将基因产物靶向其他细胞区室的序列。氨基末端序列可以负责将目的蛋白质靶向任何细胞区室,如植物的液泡、线粒体、过氧化物酶体、蛋白体、内质网、叶绿体、淀粉颗粒、淀粉体、质外体或细胞壁(例如Unger等人Plant Molec.Biol.[植物分子生物学]13:411-418(1989);Rogers等人(1985)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA[美国国家科学院院刊]82:6512-651;美国专利号7,102,057;WO 2005/096704,将其全部通过引用特此并入)。任选地,信号序列可以是来自Waxy蛋白的N-末端信号序列、来自γ-玉米蛋白的N-末端信号序列、淀粉结合结构域、C-末端淀粉结合结构域、将成熟蛋白质导入到叶绿体的叶绿体靶向序列(Comai等人,(1988)J.Biol.Chem.[生物化学杂志]263:15104-15109;van den Broeck等人,(1985)Nature[自然]313:358-363;美国专利号5,639,949)或者来自糊粉细胞的分泌信号序列(Koehler和Ho,Plant Cell[植物细胞]2:769-783(1990))。另外,与羧基末端序列结合的氨基末端序列负责基因产物的液泡靶向(Shinshi等人(1990)Plant Molec.Biol.[植物分子生物学]14:357-368)。在一个实施例中,所选择的信号序列包括已知的切割位点,并且构建的融合体考虑了在一个或多个切割位点之后的需要切割的任何氨基酸。在一些情况下,这个要求可以通过在切割位点与转基因ATG之间添加小数目的氨基酸,或可替代地置换转基因序列内的一些氨基酸来满足。这些构建技术在本领域是熟知的并且同样适用于任何细胞区室。
应认识到,用于细胞靶向的上述机制不仅可以与其同源启动子结合使用,还可以与异源启动子结合使用,从而在启动子的转录调节下实现特定的细胞靶向目标,该启动子具有不同于自其衍生靶向信号的启动子的表达模式。
用于转化植物的程序在本领域中是熟知的并且普遍描述于文献中。用于植物转化的方法的非限制性实例包括经由以下的转化:细菌介导的核酸递送(例如,经由农杆菌)、病毒介导的核酸递送、碳化硅或核酸须晶介导的核酸递送、脂质体介导的核酸递送、微注射、微粒轰击、磷酸钙介导的转化、环糊精介导的转化、电穿孔、纳米粒子介导的转化、超声处理、渗入、PEG介导的核酸吸收、以及使得核酸引入到植物细胞中的任何其他电学的、化学的、物理的(机械的)或生物的机制,包括其任何组合。本领域中已知的各种植物转化方法的一般指南包括Miki等人(“Procedures for Introducing Foreign DNA into Plants[将外源DNA引入植物中的程序]”在Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology[植物分子生物学和生物技术]的方法中,Glick,B.R.和Thompson,J.E.,编辑(CRC Press,Inc.[CRC出版有限公司],波卡拉顿,1993),第67-88页)和Rakowoczy-Trojanowska(Cell.Mol.Biol.Lett.[细胞分子生物学快报]7:849-858(2002))。
对于农杆菌介导的转化,二元载体或携带至少一个T-DNA边界序列的载体是适合的,而对于直接基因转移(例如,微粒轰击等),任何载体都是适合的,并且可以使用仅含有目的构建体的线性DNA。在直接基因转移的情况下,可以使用以单个DNA种类的转化或共转化(Schocher等人,Biotechnology[生物技术]4:1093-1096(1986))。对于直接基因转移以及土壤杆菌介导的转移两者,转化通常(但不是必需的)用如下选择性标记进行,该选择性标记可以是正向选择(磷酸甘露糖异构酶),提供对抗生素(卡那霉素、潮霉素或甲氨蝶呤)或除草剂(草甘膦或草铵膦)的抗性。然而,选择性标记的选择对于本发明并不是至关重要的。
土壤杆菌介导的转化是用于转化植物的常用方法,这是由于其高转化效率以及由于它与许多不同物种的广泛实用性。农杆菌介导的转化典型地涉及将携带外源目的DNA的二元载体转移至适当的农杆菌菌株,这可能取决于由宿主农杆菌菌株在共同存在的Ti质粒上或在染色体上携带的vir基因的互补物(Uknes等人(1993)Plant Cell[植物细胞]5:159-169)。将该重组二元载体转移至农杆菌可以使用携带该重组二元载体的大肠杆菌、辅助大肠杆菌菌株(该辅助菌株携带能够将该重组二元载体移动到靶标农杆菌菌株中的质粒)通过三亲本交配程序实现。可替代地,可以通过核酸转化将该重组二元载体转移至农杆菌中(和Willmitzer,(1988)Nucleic Acids Res.[核酸研究]16:9877)。
可以使用农杆菌转化双子叶植物以及单子叶植物。用于农杆菌介导的水稻转化方法包括已熟知的水稻转化方法,如任何以下文献中描述的那些:欧洲专利申请EP 1198985A1、Aldemita和Hodges(Planta[植物]199:612-617,1996);Chan等人(Plant Mol Biol[植物分子生物学]22(3):491-506,1993)、Hiei等人(Plant J[植物杂志]6(2):271-282,1994),其披露内容通过引用并入本文。在玉米转化的情况下,优选方法是如Ishida等人(Nat.Biotechnol[自然生物技术]14(6):745-50,1996)或Frame等人(Plant Physiol[植物生理学]129(1):13-22,2002)所描述的,其披露内容通过引用并入本文。所述方法通过以下文献中的实例来进一步描述:B.Jenes等人,Techniques for Gene Transfer[基因转移技术],于:Transgenic Plants[转基因植物],第1卷,Engineering and Utilization[工程与利用],编著S.D.Kung和R.Wu,Academic Press[美国学术出版社](1993)128-143以及Potrykus Annu.Rev.Plant Physiol.Plant Molec.Biol.[植物生理学与植物分子生物学年度综述]42(1991)205-225。有待表达的核酸或构建体优选地克隆至适合于转化根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)的载体例如pBin19中(Bevan等人,Nucl.Acids Res.[核酸研究]12(1984)8711)。然后,能够以已知的方式使用由这种载体转化的农杆菌来转化植物,如用作模型的植物像拟南芥或作物植物如烟草植物,方法是例如通过将捣碎的叶或切碎的叶浸没于农杆菌溶液中,并且然后将其在适合的培养基中培养。通过根癌农杆菌转化植物例如Hagen和Willmitzer在Nucl.Acid Res.[核酸研究](1988)16,9877中描述或尤其从F.F.White,Vectors for Gene Transfer in Higher Plants[在高等植物中基因转移的载体];Transgenic Plants[转基因植物],第1卷,Engineering and Utilization[工程与利用],编辑S.D.Kung和R.Wu,Academic Press[美国学术出版社],1993,第15-38页中已知。
通过重组土壤杆菌进行的植物转化通常涉及将土壤杆菌与来自植物的外植体共培养,并且遵循本领域熟知的方法。在携带位于这些二元质粒T-DNA边界之间的抗生素或除草剂抗性标记的选择培养基上对转化的组织进行再生。
如先前所讨论的,另一种用于转化植物、植物部分和植物细胞的方法涉及在植物组织和细胞上推进惰性或生物活性的粒子。参见例如,美国专利号4,945,050;5,036,006和5,100,792。通常,此方法涉及在有效于穿透细胞的外表面并提供在其内部中的掺入的条件下在植物细胞处推进惰性或生物活性粒子。当利用惰性粒子时,可以通过用含有目的核酸的载体包被粒子而将载体引入至细胞中。可替代地,一个或多个细胞可以被载体围绕以使得载体通过粒子的激发而被携带至细胞中。也可以将生物活性的粒子(例如,干酵母细胞、干细菌或噬菌体,各自含有一种或多种被试图引入的核酸)推进到植物组织中。
在其他实施例中,编码本披露的Cry蛋白的多核苷酸可以被直接转化进质体基因组中。质体转化的主要优点在于质体通常能够表达细菌基因而无需实质性的修饰,而且质体能够在单个启动子的控制下表达多个开放阅读框。在以下文献中广泛描述了质体转化技术:美国专利号5,451,513、5,545,817和5,545,818;PCT申请号WO 95/16783;以及McBride等人(1994)Proc.Nati.Acad.Sci.USA[美国国家科学院院刊]91,7301-7305。基本的叶绿体转化技术涉及例如使用生物射弹(biolistic)或原生质体转化(例如,氯化钙或PEG介导的转化),将位于选择性标记侧翼的经克隆的质体DNA区连同目的基因一起引入适合的靶组织中。这些1至1.5kb的侧翼区(被称为靶向序列)促进了与质体基因组的同源重组,并且因而允许置换或修饰原质体(plastome)的特定区域。最初,可以将叶绿体16S rRNA和rps12基因(赋予针对大观霉素或链霉素的抗性)的点突变用作供转化用的选择性标记(Svab,Z.、Hajdukiewicz,P.和Maliga,P.(1990)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA[美国国家科学院院刊]87,8526-8530;Staub,J.M.和Maliga,P.(1992)Plant Cell[植物细胞]4,39-45)。在这些标记之间克隆位点的存在允许建立质体靶向载体用于外源基因的引入(Staub,J.M.和Maliga,P.,(1993)EMBO J.[欧洲分子生物学杂志]12,601-606)。转化效率的实质性增加可以通过用显性的选择性标记(对大观霉素解毒酶氨基糖苷-3'-腺苷转移酶进行编码的细菌aadA基因)置换隐性的rRNA或r蛋白抗生素抗性基因而获得(Svab,Z.和Maliga,P.,(1993)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA[美国国家科学院院刊]90,913-917)。先前,这种标记已经被成功地用于莱茵衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)这种绿藻的质体基因组的高频率转化(Goldschmidt-Clermont,M.(1991)Nucl.Acids Res.[核酸研究]19:4083-4089)。有用于质体转化的其他选择性标记在本领域是已知的,并且被涵盖在本披露的范围之内。典型地,转化之后需要大约15-20个细胞分裂循环以便达到同质状态。质体表达(其中基因通过同源重组被插入到在每个植物细胞中存在的所有数千个环状质体基因组的拷贝中)利用了超过核表达的基因的庞大的拷贝数目的优点,以便允许能够很容易超过总的可溶性植物蛋白的10%的表达水平。在一个实施例中,可以将本披露的多核苷酸插入质体靶向载体中并转化进所希望的植物宿主的质体基因组中。因此,可以获得与含有本披露的核苷酸序列的质体基因组同型的植物,这些植物能够高表达该多核苷酸。
选择转化的转基因植物、植物细胞或植物组织培养物的方法在本领域中是常规的,并且可以用于本文提供的本披露的方法中。例如,本披露的重组载体还可以包括包含用于选择性标记的核苷酸序列的表达盒,该选择性标记可以用于选择转化的植物、植物部分或植物细胞。如本文所使用的,“选择性标记”意指如下核苷酸序列,当该核苷酸序列表达时向表达该标记的植物、植物部分或植物细胞赋予不同的表型,并且因此允许此类转化的植物、植物部分或植物细胞与不具有该标记的那些区别开来。这样的核苷酸序列可以编码选择性或筛选性标记,这取决于该标记是否赋予可以通过化学手段而被选择的性状,如通过使用选择剂(例如,抗生素、除草剂等),或者取决于该标记是否仅是人们可以通过观察或测试而鉴别的性状,如通过筛选(例如,R基因座性状)。当然,适合的选择性标记的许多实例在本领域是已知的并且可以用于本文描述的表达盒中。
选择性标记的实例包括但不限于:编码neo或nptII的核苷酸序列,其赋予针对卡那霉素、G418等的抗性(Potrykus等人(1985)Mol.Gen.Genet.[分子遗传学与普通遗传学]199:183-188);编码bar的核苷酸序列,其赋予针对草胺膦的抗性;编码改变的5-烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸(EPSP)合酶的核苷酸序列,其赋予针对草甘膦的抗性(Hinchee等人(1988)Biotech.[生物技术]6:915-922);编码腈水解酶(如来自臭鼻克雷白氏杆菌(Klebsiella ozaenae)的bxn)的核苷酸序列,其赋予对溴苯腈的抗性(Stalker等人(1988)Science[科学]242:419-423);编码改变的乙酰乳酸合酶(ALS)的核苷酸序列,其赋予针对咪唑啉酮、磺酰脲或其他ALS抑制化学药剂的抗性(欧洲专利申请号154204);编码抗甲氨蝶呤二氢叶酸还原酶(DHFR)的核苷酸序列(Thillet等人(1988)J.Biol.Chem.[生物化学杂志]263:12500-12508);编码茅草枯脱卤酶的核苷酸序列,其赋予针对茅草枯的抗性;编码甘露糖-6-磷酸异构酶(也称为磷酸甘露糖异构酶(PMI))的核苷酸序列,其赋予代谢甘露糖的能力(美国专利号5,767,378和5,994,629);编码改变的邻氨基苯甲酸合酶的核苷酸序列,其赋予针对5-甲基色氨酸的抗性;或编码hph的核苷酸序列,其赋予针对潮霉素的抗性。本领域技术人员能够选择用于在本披露的表达盒中使用的适合的选择性标记。
额外的选择性标记包括但不限于编码β-葡萄糖醛酸酶的核苷酸序列或编码多种显色底物已知的酶的uidA(GUS);编码调节植物组织中花色苷色素(红色)产生的产物的R-基因座核苷酸序列(Dellaporta等人,“Molecular cloning of the maize R-nj alleleby transposon-tagging with Ac[通过Ac转座子标签技术对玉蜀黍R-nj等位基因的分子克隆]”263-282于:Chromosome Structure and Function:Impact of New Concepts[染色体结构和功能:新概念的影响],18th Stadler Genetics Symposium[第十八届斯塔德勒遗传学研讨会](Gustafson和Appels编,Plenum Press[Plenum出版社]1988));编码β-内酰胺酶的核苷酸序列,β-内酰胺酶是多种显色底物已知的酶(例如PADAC,一种显色头孢菌素)(Sutcliffe(1978)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA[美国国家科学院院刊]75:3737-3741);编码xylE的核苷酸序列,xylE编码儿茶酚双加氧酶(Zukowsky等人(1983)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA[美国国家科学院院刊]80:1101-1105);编码酪氨酸酶的核苷酸序列,酪氨酸酶是能够将酪氨酸氧化成DOPA和多巴醌的酶,DOPA和多巴醌又缩合形成黑色素(Katz等人(1983)J.Gen.Microbiol.[普通微生物学杂志]129:2703-2714);编码β-半乳糖苷酶的核苷酸序列,β-半乳糖苷酶是存在显色底物的酶;编码荧光素酶(lux)的核苷酸序列,荧光素酶可用于生物发光检测(Ow等人(1986)Science[科学]234:856-859);编码水母发光蛋白的核苷酸序列,水母发光蛋白可用于钙敏感生物发光检测(Prasher等人(1985)Biochem.Biophys.Res.Comm.[生化和生物物理研究通讯]126:1259-1268);或编码绿色荧光蛋白的核苷酸序列(Niedz等人(1995)Plant Cell Reports[植物细胞报道]14:403-406)。本领域技术人员能够选择用于在本披露的表达盒中使用的适合的选择性标记。
此外,如本领域中所熟知的,完整的转基因植物可以使用多种已知技术中的任何技术从转化的植物细胞、植物组织培养物或培养的原生质体再生而来。在以下文献中描述了从植物细胞、植物组织培养物或培养的原生质体进行的植物再生:例如,Evans等人(Handbook of Plant Cell Cultures[植物细胞培养物手册],第1卷,MacMilanPublishing Co.[麦克米兰出版公司],纽约(1983));以及Vasil I.R.(编辑)(CellCulture and Somatic Cell Genetics of Plants[植物的细胞培养和体细胞遗传学],Acad.Press[美国学术出版社],奥兰多市,第I卷(1984)和第II卷(1986))。
另外,工程化入以上所述的本披露的转基因种子和植物、植物部分或植物细胞中的遗传特性可以通过有性繁殖或营养生长来传递,并且因此可以在子代植物中维持并繁殖。通常,维持和繁殖利用了被开发以适合特定目的(如收获、播种或耕作)的已知农业方法。
因此,可以按本领域熟知的任意种方法(如上所述的)将多核苷酸引入该植物、植物部分或植物细胞中。因此,没有依赖用于将一种或多种多核苷酸引入植物中的特定方法,相反可以使用允许将该一种或多种多核苷酸稳定地整合到该植物的基因组中的任何方法。在有待引入一种以上多核苷酸的情况下,这些对应的多核苷酸可以作为单一核酸分子的一部分、或者作为分开的核酸分子而进行组装,并且可以位于相同的或不同的核酸分子上。因此,可以在单个转化事件中、在分开的转化事件中、或者例如作为育种方案的一部分在植物中,将这些多核苷酸引入目的细胞中。
在一些实施例中,本披露提供了控制有害生物的方法,该方法包括将有害生物与包含第一杀昆虫蛋白和不同于第一杀昆虫蛋白的第二有害生物控制剂的组合物接触,其中该第一杀昆虫蛋白是包含SEQ ID NO:1-2中任一个的氨基酸序列的Cry蛋白,其中该有害生物选自由以下组成的组:棉铃虫(棉花暝蛉/古夜蛾)、黏虫(东方黏虫)、二点委夜蛾(二斑黏虫)、斜纹夜蛾(夜盗虫/莲纹夜蛾)、小地老虎(黑土蚕)、桃蛀螟(桃蛀野螟)、二化螟(条纹茎螟)、大螟(粉蛀茎虫)和亚洲玉米螟(玉米螟)。在其他实施例中,该组合物是用于局部施用至植物的配制品。在仍其他实施例中,该组合物是转基因植物。在另外的实施例中,该组合物是局部施用至转基因植物的配制品的组合。在一些实施例中,当该转基因植物包含该第二有害生物控制剂时,该配制品包含本披露的第一Cry蛋白。在其他实施例中,当该转基因植物包含本披露的该第一Cry蛋白时,该配制品包含该第二有害生物控制剂。
在一些实施例中,第二有害生物控制剂可以是选自由以下组成的组的试剂:化学杀有害生物剂(如杀昆虫剂)、苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bt)杀昆虫蛋白、致病杆菌属杀昆虫蛋白、发光杆菌属杀昆虫蛋白、侧孢短芽孢杆菌杀昆虫蛋白、球形芽孢杆菌杀昆虫蛋白、穿孔素、蛋白酶抑制剂(丝氨酸和半胱氨酸类型两者)、凝集素、α-淀粉酶、过氧化物酶、胆固醇氧化酶以及双链RNA(dsRNA)分子。
在其他实施例中,第二有害生物控制剂是选自由以下组成的组的化学杀有害生物剂:拟除虫菊酯、氨基甲酸酯、新烟碱、神经元钠通道阻断剂、杀昆虫大环内酯、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)拮抗剂、杀昆虫脲以及保幼激素模拟物。在其他实施例中,化学杀有害生物剂选自由以下组成的组:阿巴美丁、乙酰甲胺磷、啶虫脒、磺胺螨酯(amidoflumet)(S-1955)、除虫菌素(avermectin)、印楝素、甲基谷硫磷、联苯菊酯、联苯肼酯(binfenazate)、噻嗪酮、克百威、溴虫腈、定虫隆、毒死蜱、甲基毒死蜱、环虫酰肼、噻虫胺、氟氯氰菊酯、β-氟氯氰菊酯、三氯氟氰菊酯、λ-三氯氟氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、灭蝇胺、溴氰菊酯、杀螨隆、二嗪磷、除虫脲、乐果、苯虫醚、甲氨基阿维菌素、硫丹、高氰戊菊酯、乙虫腈、苯硫威(fenothicarb)、苯氧威、甲氰菊酯、唑螨酯、氰戊菊酯、氟虫腈、氟啶虫酰胺、氟氰戊菊酯、τ-氟胺氰菊酯、嘧虫胺(UR-50701)、氟虫脲、地虫硫磷、氯虫酰肼、氟铃脲、吡虫啉、茚虫威、异柳磷、虱螨脲、马拉硫磷、聚乙醛、甲胺磷、杀扑磷、灭多威、烯虫酯、甲氧氯、久效磷、甲氧虫酰肼、噻虫醛(nithiazin)、双苯氟脲、多氟脲(XDE-007)、杀线威、对硫磷、甲基对硫磷、氯菊酯、甲拌磷、伏杀磷、亚胺硫磷、磷胺、抗蚜威、丙溴磷、吡蚜酮、啶虫丙醚、蚊蝇醚、鱼藤酮、多杀菌素、螺甲螨酯(spiromesifin)(BSN 2060)、硫丙磷、虫酰肼、伏虫隆、七氟菊酯、特丁硫磷、杀虫畏、噻虫啉、噻虫嗪、硫双威、杀虫双(thiosultap-sodium)、四溴菊酯、敌百虫和杀铃脲、涕灭威、杀线威、苯线磷、双甲脒、灭螨猛、乙酯杀螨醇、三环锡、三氯杀螨醇、除螨灵、依杀螨、喹螨醚、苯丁锡、甲氰菊酯、唑螨酯、噻螨酮、克螨特、哒螨灵以及吡螨胺。在仍其他实施例中,化学杀有害生物剂选自由以下组成的组:氯氰菊酯、三氯氟氰菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯和β-氟氯氰菊酯、高氰戊菊酯、氰戊菊酯、四溴菊酯、苯硫威、灭多威、杀线威、硫双威、噻虫胺、吡虫啉、噻虫啉、茚虫威、多杀菌素、阿巴美丁、除虫菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素、硫丹、乙虫腈、氟虫腈、氟虫脲、杀铃脲、苯虫醚、蚊蝇醚、吡蚜酮以及双甲脒。
在另外的实施例中,第二有害生物控制剂可以是任何数目的苏云金芽孢杆菌杀昆虫蛋白中的一种或多种,包括但不限于Cry蛋白、营养期杀昆虫蛋白(VIP)以及任何前述杀昆虫蛋白的杀昆虫嵌合体。在其他实施例中,该第二有害生物控制剂是选自下组的Cry蛋白,该组由以下组成:Cry1Aa、Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac、Cry1Ad、Cry1Ae、Cry1Af、Cry1Ag、Cry1Ah、Cry1Ai、Cry1Aj、Cry1Ba、Cry1Bb、Cry1Bc、Cry1Bd、Cry1Be、Cry1Bf、Cry1Bg、Cry1Bh、Cry1Bi、Cry1Ca、Cry1Cb、Cry1Da、Cry1Db、Cry1Dc、Cry1Dd、Cry1Ea、Cry1Eb、Cry1Fa、Cry1Fb、Cry1Ga、Cry1Gb、Cry1Gc、Cry1Ha、Cry1Hb、Cry1Hc、Cry1Ia、Cry1Ib、Cry1Ic、Cry1Id、Cry1Ie、Cry1If、Cry1Ig、Cry1Ja、Cry1Jb、Cry1Jc、Cry1Jd、Cry1Ka、Cry1La、Cry1Ma、Cry1Na、Cry1Nb、Cry2Aa、Cry2Ab、Cry2Ac、Cry2Ad、Cry2Ae、Cry2Af、Cry2Ag、Cry2Ah、Cry2Ai、Cry2Aj、Cry2Ak,Cry2Al、Cry2Ba、Cry3Aa、Cry3Ba、Cry3Bb、Cry3Ca、Cry4Aa、Cry4Ba、Cry4Ca、Cry4Cb、Cry4Cc、Cry5Aa、Cry5Ab、Cry5Ac、Cry5Ad、Cry5Ba、Cry5Ca、Cry5Da、Cry5Ea、Cry6Aa、Cry6Ba、Cry7Aa、Cry7Ab、Cry7Ac、Cry7Ba、Cry7Bb、Cry7Ca、Cry7Cb、Cry7Da、Cry7Ea、Cry7Fa、Cry7Fb、Cry7Ga、Cry7Gb、Cry7Gc、Cry7Gd、Cry7Ha、Cry7Ia、Cry7Ja、Cry7Ka、Cry7Kb、Cry7La、Cry8Aa、Cry8Ab、Cry8Ac、Cry8Ad、Cry8Ba、Cry8Bb、Cry8Bc、Cry8Ca、Cry8Da、Cry8Db、Cry8Ea、Cry8Fa、Cry8Ga、Cry8Ha、Cry8Ia、Cry8Ib、Cry8Ja、Cry8Ka、Cry8Kb、Cry8La、Cry8Ma、Cry8Na、Cry8Pa、Cry8Qa、Cry8Ra、Cry8Sa、Cry8Ta、Cry9Aa、Cry9Ba、Cry9Bb、Cry9Ca、Cry9Da、Cry9Db、Cry9Dc、Cry9Ea、Cry9Eb、Cry9Ec、Cry9Ed、Cry9Ee、Cry9Fa、Cry9Ga、Cry10Aa、Cry11Aa、Cry11Ba、Cry11Bb、Cry12Aa,Cry13Aa、Cry14Aa、Cry14Ab、Cry15Aa、Cry16Aa、Cry17Aa、Cry18Aa、Cry18Ba、Cry18Ca、Cry19Aa、Cry19Ba、Cry19Ca、Cry20Aa、Cry20Ba、Cry21Aa、Cry21Ba、Cry21Ca、Cry21Da、Cry21Ea、Cry21Fa、Cry21Ga、Cry21Ha、Cry22Aa、Cry22Ab、Cry22Ba、Cry22Bb、Cry23Aa、Cry24Aa、Cry24Ba、Cry24Ca、Cry25Aa、Cry26Aa、Cry27Aa、Cry28Aa、Cry29Aa、Cry29Ba、Cry30Aa、Cry30Ba、Cry30Ca、Cry30Da、Cry30Db、Cry30Ea、Cry30Fa、Cry30Ga,Cry31Aa、Cry31Ab、Cry31Ac、Cry31Ad、Cry32Aa、Cry32Ab、Cry32Ba、Cry32Ca、Cry32Cb、Cry32Da、Cry32Ea、Cry32Eb、Cry32Fa、Cry32Ga、Cry32Ha、Cry32Hb、Cry32Ia、Cry32Ja、Cry32Ka、Cry32La、Cry32Ma、Cry32Mb、Cry32Na、Cry32Oa、Cry32Pa、Cry32Qa、Cry32Ra、Cry32Sa、Cry32Ta、Cry32Ua、Cry33Aa、Cry34Aa、Cry34Ab、Cry34Ac、Cry34Ba、Cry35Aa、Cry35Ab、Cry35Ac、Cry35Ba、Cry36Aa、Cry37Aa、Cry38Aa、Cry39Aa、Cry40Aa、Cry40Ba、Cry40Ca、Cry40Da、Cry41Aa、Cry41Ab、Cry41Ba、Cry42Aa、Cry43Aa、Cry43Ba、Cry43Ca、Cry43Cb、Cry43Cc、Cry44Aa、Cry45Aa、Cry46Aa、Cry46Ab、Cry47Aa、Cry48Aa、Cry48Ab、Cry49Aa、Cry49Ab、Cry50Aa、Cry50Ba、Cry51Aa、Cry52Aa、Cry52Ba、Cry53Aa、Cry53Ab、Cry54Aa、Cry54Ab、Cry54Ba、Cry55Aa、Cry56Aa、Cry57Aa、Cry57Ab、Cry58Aa、Cry59Aa、Cry59Ba、Cry60Aa、Cry60Ba、Cry61Aa、Cry62Aa、Cry63Aa、Cry64Aa、Cry65Aa、Cry66Aa、Cry67Aa、Cry68Aa、Cry69Aa、Cry69Ab、Cry70Aa、Cry70Ba、Cry70Bb、Cry71Aa、Cry72Aa以及Cry73Aa。
在另外的实施例中,该第二有害生物控制剂是选自下组的Vip3营养期杀昆虫蛋白,该组由以下组成:Vip3Aa1、Vip3Aa2、Vip3Aa3、Vip3Aa4、Vip3Aa5、Vip3Aa6、Vip3Aa7、Vip3Aa8、Vip3Aa9、Vip3Aa10、Vip3Aa11、Vip3Aa12、Vip3Aa13、Vip3Aa14、Vip3Aa15、Vip3Aa16、Vip3Aa17、Vip3Aa18、Vip3Aa19、Vip3Aa20、Vip3Aa21、Vip3Aa22、Vip3Aa2、Vip3Aa24、Vip3Aa25、Vip3Aa26、Vip3Aa27、Vip3Aa28、Vip3Aa29、Vip3Aa30、Vip3Aa31、Vip3Aa32、Vip3Aa33、Vip3Aa34、Vip3Aa35、Vip3Aa36、Vip3Aa37、Vip3Aa38、Vip3Aa39、Vip3Aa40、Vip3Aa41、Vip3Aa42、Vip3Aa43、Vip3Aa44、Vip3Ab1、Vip3Ab2、Vip3Ac1、Vip3Ad1、Vip3Ad2、Vip3Ae1、Vip3Af1、Vip3Af2、Vip3Af3、Vip3Ag1、Vip3Ag2、Vip3Ag3、HM117633、Vip3Ag4、Vip3Ag5、Vip3Ah1、Vip3Ba1、Vip3Ba2、Vip3Bb1、Vip3Bb2以及Vip3Bb3。
在仍另外的实施例中,在转基因植物中共表达本披露的第一Cry蛋白和该第二有害生物控制剂。可以通过将植物遗传工程化以含有并表达所有的必需基因来实现一种以上杀有害生物成分在同一个转基因植物中的共表达。可替代地,可以将植物(亲本1)遗传工程化,用于本披露的Cry蛋白的表达。可以将第二植物(亲本2)遗传工程化,用于第二有害生物控制剂的表达。通过将亲本1与亲本2杂交,获得了表达被引入至亲本1和亲本2中的所有基因的子代植物。
在进一步的实施例中,本披露提供了产生抗有害生物(例如抗昆虫)转基因植物的方法,该方法包括向植物中引入包含编码本披露的Cry蛋白的核苷酸序列的多核苷酸、嵌合基因、重组载体、表达盒或核酸分子,其中该核苷酸序列在植物中表达,从而赋予植物对有害生物的抗性,并且产生抗昆虫转基因植物,其中该有害生物选自由以下组成的组:棉铃虫(棉花暝蛉/古夜蛾)、黏虫(东方黏虫)、二点委夜蛾(二斑黏虫)、斜纹夜蛾(夜盗虫/莲纹夜蛾)、小地老虎(黑土蚕)、桃蛀螟(桃蛀野螟)、二化螟(条纹茎螟)、大螟(粉蛀茎虫)和亚洲玉米螟(玉米螟)。在一些实施例中,小地老虎(黑土蚕)来自中国的小地老虎(黑土蚕)种群。在一些实施例中,通过转化植物实现引入。在其他实施例中,通过使包含本披露的嵌合基因、重组载体、表达盒或核酸分子的第一植物与不同的第二植物杂交来实现引入。
在一些实施例中,本披露涵盖向农民提供控制有害生物的手段的方法,该方法包括向农民供应或出售植物材料,例如种子,该植物材料包含能够在从种子生长的植物中表达本披露的Cry蛋白的多核苷酸、嵌合基因、表达盒或重组载体,如上所述,其中该有害生物选自由以下组成的组:棉铃虫(棉花暝蛉/古夜蛾)、黏虫(东方黏虫)、二点委夜蛾(二斑黏虫)、斜纹夜蛾(夜盗虫/莲纹夜蛾)、小地老虎(黑土蚕)、桃蛀螟(桃蛀野螟)、二化螟(条纹茎螟)、大螟(粉蛀茎虫)和亚洲玉米螟(玉米螟)。在一些实施例中,小地老虎(黑土蚕)来自中国的小地老虎(黑土蚕)种群。
本发明的实施例可以通过参考以下实例而被更好地理解。前述的和以下的本发明的实施例以及各种实施例的描述不是旨在限制权利要求,而是对其具有说明性。因此,应理解的是权利要求不旨在受限于这些实例的具体细节。本领域技术人员应理解的是本发明的其他实施例可以在不偏离本披露内容的精神和范围的情况下进行实践,本披露内容的范围是由所附权利要求限定的。
实例
实例1.Cry蛋白对夜蛾科、草螟科和螟蛾科有害生物的活性
在人工饲料生物测定中对包含SEQ ID NO:1-2的氨基酸序列的Cry蛋白进行了针对棉铃虫(棉花暝蛉/古夜蛾)、黏虫(东方黏虫)、二点委夜蛾(二斑黏虫)、斜纹夜蛾(夜盗虫/莲纹夜蛾)、小地老虎(黑土蚕)、桃蛀螟(桃蛀野螟)、二化螟(条纹茎螟)、大螟(粉蛀茎虫)和亚洲玉米螟(玉米螟)中每一者的中国种群的测试。先前已对如表1中所示的这些Cry蛋白进行了描述。
表1.Cry蛋白披露内容的参考。
Cry蛋白 | SEQ ID NO: | 公开号 |
BT-0051蛋白 | 1 | WO 2016094159 |
BT-0128蛋白 | 2 | WO 2016094159 |
基本上,向多孔板中的人工昆虫饲料的表面施用等量的溶液中的蛋白质。在饲料表面干燥后,将24只幼虫添加到每个孔中。将这些板密封并且保持在就温度、光照以及相对湿度而言的环境实验室条件下。阳性对照组由暴露于已知的活性Cry蛋白的幼虫组成。阴性对照组由暴露于仅用缓冲溶液处理的昆虫饲料的幼虫组成。约3-4天后评估死亡率百分比。对于每种蛋白质,将实验重复至少两次。
表2中示出了生物测定的结果,其中“-”意指0%死亡率,“+/-”意指1%-9%死亡率(此类别还包括具有强烈幼虫生长抑制的0%死亡率),“+”意指10%-24%死亡率,“++”意指25%-74%死亡率,以及“+++”意指75%-100%死亡率。表2中还显示了Cry蛋白对四种北美夜蛾科有害生物昆虫物种(黑土蚕(小地老虎)、秋夜蛾(草地贪夜蛾)、玉米穗虫(谷实夜蛾(Helicoverpa zea))和欧洲玉米螟(European corn borer;Ostrinia nubilalis)的活性的指示。对于这四种昆虫物种,将活性简单表示为“+”或“-”而没有根据公开数据所指示的死亡率百分比。标记有“nt”的细胞表示该蛋白质未针对有害生物物种进行测试,或者没有公开的信息表明该Cry蛋白针对该有害生物物种进行过测试。
表2.Cry蛋白的生物测定结果。
实例2.Cry蛋白在玉蜀黍植物中的表达与活性
使用本披露的Cry蛋白制备转基因玉蜀黍植物。未成熟的玉蜀黍胚的转化基本上如在以下文献中描述的来进行:Negrotto等人,2000,Plant Cell Reports[植物细胞报道]19:798 803。简而言之,农杆菌菌株LBA4404(pSB1)用包含两个表达盒的表达载体进行转化,其中第一表达盒包含可操作地连接至Cry蛋白编码序列(该编码序列可操作地连接至终止子)的植物可表达的启动子,并且第二表达盒包含可操作地连接至选择性标记(该选择性标记可操作地连接至终止子)的植物可表达的启动子。选择性标记的表达允许在选择培养基上鉴别转基因植物。将两个表达盒克隆进适于农杆菌介导的玉蜀黍转化的载体中。使经转化的农杆菌菌株在28℃下在YEP(酵母提取物(5g/L)、蛋白胨(10g/L)、NaCl(5g/L)、15g/l琼脂,pH 6.8)固体培养基上生长2-4天。将大约0.8X 109个土壤杆菌细胞悬浮于补充有100μM As的LS-inf培养基中。在这个培养基中对细菌预诱导大约30-60分钟。
将来自近交玉蜀黍品系的未成熟胚从8-12天龄的穗中切取到液体LS-inf+100μMAs中。用新鲜的感染培养基漂洗这些胚一次。然后添加农杆菌溶液,并且将这些胚涡旋30秒并且允许其与细菌一起沉降5分钟。然后将这些胚盾片向上地转移到LSA培养基中,并且在暗处培养两到三天。随后,将每皮氏板(petri plate)大约20与25个之间的胚转移至补充有头孢噻肟(250mg/l)和硝酸银(1.6mg/l)的LSDc培养基中,并且在大约28℃下在黑暗中培养10天。
将产生胚性愈伤组织的未成熟胚转移至LSD1M0.5S培养基中。在这种培养基上对培养物进行持续大约6周的选择,在约3周时进行传代培养步骤。将存活的愈伤组织转移至补充有甘露糖的Reg1培养基中。之后在光照中(16小时光照/8小时黑暗方案)培养之后,将绿色组织转移至没有生长调节剂的Reg2培养基,孵育约1-2周。将这些小植株转移至含有Reg3培养基的Magenta GA-7盒(马真塔公司(Magenta Corp),芝加哥,伊利诺伊州)中并使其在光照中生长。约2-3周之后,通过PCR测试植物的选择性标记基因和Bt cry基因的存在。将来自PCR测定的阳性植物转移至温室用于进一步评估。
在生物测定中,针对拷贝数(通过Taqman分析确定)、蛋白质表达水平(通过ELISA确定)和对抗实例1中昆虫物种的功效,对转基因植物进行评估。确切地说,从单拷贝事件(V3-V4阶段)中切取植物组织(叶或花丝)并且用实例1中有害生物的新生幼虫侵染,然后在室温下孵育5天。
实例3.Cry蛋白在水稻植物中的表达与活性
使用本披露的Cry蛋白制备转基因水稻植物。水稻转化的方法是本领域已知的,例如Hiei等人(Plant Journal.[植物杂志]1994,6(2):271-282)和Zaidi等人(MolBiotechnol[分子生物技术]2009,43:232-242)中所阐明的方案。
在生物测定中,针对拷贝数(通过Taqman分析确定)、蛋白质表达水平(通过ELISA确定)和对抗实例1中昆虫物种的功效,对转基因植物进行评估。确切地说,从单拷贝事件中切取植物组织(叶或分蘖)并且用实例1中有害生物的新生幼虫侵染,然后在室温下孵育4天。
预期来自实例2和实例3的转基因植物组织生物测定的结果证实,当在转基因植物中表达时,本披露的Cry蛋白对实例1中的有害生物具有毒性。
实例4:Cry蛋白在大豆植物中的表达与活性
使用本披露的Cry蛋白制备转基因大豆植物。大豆转化的方法是本领域已知的,例如美国专利公开号US 2004034889中所阐明的方案。用驱动本披露的Cry蛋白表达的、对于大豆适当的启动子构建用于大豆转化的二元载体。编码本披露的Cry蛋白的基因可以根据预测的其编码区氨基酸序列进行密码子优化以用于大豆表达。还通过添加转化选择性标记基因来构建包含含有Cry蛋白编码序列的表达盒的农杆菌二元转化载体。选择性标记编码序列还可被密码子优化以在大豆中表达。
在生物测定中,针对拷贝数(通过Taqman分析确定)、蛋白质表达水平(通过ELISA确定)和对抗实例1中昆虫物种的功效,对转基因植物进行评估。确切地说,从单拷贝事件中切取植物组织(叶)并且用实例1中有害生物的新生幼虫侵染,然后在室温下孵育4天。
预期来自实例4的转基因植物组织生物测定的结果证实,当在转基因植物中表达时,本披露的Cry蛋白对实例1中的有害生物具有毒性。
序列表
<110> SYNGENTA BIOTECHNOLOGY CHINA CO, LTD
SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION AG
<120> 夜蛾科、草螟科和螟蛾科有害生物的控制
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Claims (11)
1.一种抑制有害生物生长或杀死有害生物的方法,所述方法包括使所述有害生物与包含SEQ ID NO:1-2中任一个的氨基酸序列的Cry蛋白或其杀昆虫片段接触,其中所述有害生物选自由以下组成的组:黏虫(东方黏虫)、二点委夜蛾(二斑黏虫)、斜纹夜蛾(夜盗虫/莲纹夜蛾)、桃蛀螟(桃蛀野螟)和大螟(粉蛀茎虫)。
2.一种用于控制有害生物种群的方法,所述方法包括使所述有害生物种群与杀昆虫有效量的包含SEQ ID NO:1-2中任一个的氨基酸序列的Cry蛋白或其杀昆虫片段接触,其中所述有害生物选自由以下组成的组:黏虫(东方黏虫)、二点委夜蛾(二斑黏虫)、斜纹夜蛾(夜盗虫/莲纹夜蛾)、桃蛀螟(桃蛀野螟)和大螟(粉蛀茎虫)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中使所述有害生物或有害生物种群进一步与不同于所述Cry蛋白的第二杀昆虫蛋白接触。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述第二杀昆虫蛋白选自由以下组成的组:第二Cry蛋白、Vip蛋白、蛋白酶抑制剂、凝集素、α-淀粉酶和过氧化物酶。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,其中所述接触步骤是利用表达所述蛋白或其杀昆虫片段的微生物或植物进行的。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中所述植物用编码所述蛋白或其杀昆虫片段的DNA序列稳定地转化。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述植物是单子叶植物或双子叶植物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述单子叶植物是玉米或水稻植物。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述双子叶植物是大豆植物。
10.一种用于保护植物免受有害生物侵害的方法,所述方法包括在所述植物或其细胞中表达杀昆虫有效量的包含SEQ ID NO:1-2中任一个的氨基酸序列的Cry蛋白或其杀昆虫片段,其中所述有害生物选自由以下组成的组:黏虫(东方黏虫)、二点委夜蛾(二斑黏虫)、斜纹夜蛾(夜盗虫/莲纹夜蛾)、桃蛀螟(桃蛀野螟)和大螟(粉蛀茎虫)。
11.一种用于控制有害生物种群的方法,所述方法包括使所述有害生物种群与杀昆虫有效量的包含SEQ ID NO:1-2中任一个的氨基酸序列的Cry蛋白或其杀昆虫片段接触,其中所述有害生物选自由以下组成的组:黏虫(东方黏虫)、二点委夜蛾(二斑黏虫)、斜纹夜蛾(夜盗虫/莲纹夜蛾)、桃蛀螟(桃蛀野螟)和大螟(粉蛀茎虫)。
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