CN116846019B - Battery pack system and battery cluster management system using switching tube to control battery pack - Google Patents
Battery pack system and battery cluster management system using switching tube to control battery pack Download PDFInfo
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- CN116846019B CN116846019B CN202310791512.3A CN202310791512A CN116846019B CN 116846019 B CN116846019 B CN 116846019B CN 202310791512 A CN202310791512 A CN 202310791512A CN 116846019 B CN116846019 B CN 116846019B
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- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
- H02J7/00036—Charger exchanging data with battery
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0019—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using switched or multiplexed charge circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a battery pack system and a battery cluster management system for controlling a battery pack by using a switching tube. The battery pack system is provided with a battery pack switch control circuit, a short circuit control circuit, a battery core acquisition monitoring and communication control circuit and a plurality of battery cores connected in series, wherein the battery pack switch control circuit comprises a first switch tube and a first switch control circuit, and the short circuit control circuit comprises a second switch tube and a second switch control circuit, and the battery pack switch control circuit comprises: the battery pack switch control circuit adjusts the equivalent impedance of the series battery cells by controlling the first switch tube; the short circuit control circuit is connected with or isolates a plurality of series connection battery cores by controlling the second switching tube; the battery core acquisition monitoring and communication control circuit is used for detecting the voltage and the internal resistance of the battery cores connected in series, and adjusting the on or off of each switch tube by controlling the control voltage of each switch control circuit. The battery cluster management system can be connected into the standby battery pack unit to continue working after one or more battery pack units in the battery cluster are cut off from the original battery cluster.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of electronic circuits, and more particularly, to a battery pack system and a battery cluster management system for controlling a battery pack using a switching tube.
Background
With the development of new energy technology, various large-capacity batteries are widely applied to application scenes such as automobiles, energy storage and the like. The battery inconsistency inside the battery pack is remarkable as the service time of the battery increases, and the inconsistency further increases as time passes, and the inconsistency between the batteries may cause a safety risk to a part of the batteries.
The plurality of battery switches are adopted to connect the sub-battery units in the battery pack, the connection topology structure of the sub-battery units in the battery pack is dynamically controlled, the consistency of the voltage and the electric quantity of the battery cells in the battery pack can be optimized, the safety and the economy of the battery are improved, and the technical problem which is hard to be solved in the industry. For example, patent application CN111740467a discloses a reorganizable battery assembly and a combination method, which uses a switch control for each battery, and when the control method is applied to the currently mainstream automobile and energy storage application scenario, the output voltage of the system is above 200V, and the output voltage of the currently typical single lithium battery or sodium battery is below 5V, so that the number of series batteries of the whole system is above 40, and each battery needs to be connected with at least one switch in series. In this structure, too many switch circuits are connected in series, and the switch circuits themselves inevitably have switch impedances, and these series switch circuits will cause significant increase in power consumption of the system and significant increase in cost.
For another example, patent application CN116111214a discloses a battery switch cabinet, a power supply system, a battery pack testing method and apparatus. According to the scheme, after part of the risk battery units are cut off, the diodes are used for maintaining the output power of other battery units, but when the electric quantity of the normal battery units is too low, the whole energy storage system cannot charge the normal battery units, so that the continuous use of the normal battery units is influenced.
The existing scheme has the following defects after analysis:
1) Existing battery reorganization schemes typically use a switch for each battery cell, which results in a large number of switches being used, resulting in a significant increase in both cost and power consumption of the system;
2) Some schemes use a mode of adding a switch after a part of batteries are connected in series, but a discharging path is realized by using a diode, and the mode can not charge a normal battery pack, so that long-term normal operation of the whole system is influenced; in addition, the diode generally has higher conduction loss, and the higher conduction loss also leads to lower conversion efficiency of the system.
3) The existing schemes mostly emphasize how to isolate the batteries with potential safety hazards, and cannot effectively control the aging degree of different battery packs. The battery pack has the advantages that the battery cells can show the change of the internal resistance of the battery cells after aging, the difference of the internal resistances of the battery cells can be increased along with the increase of the service time, if the equivalent internal resistances of the battery cells are not adjusted, the service life of the battery cells with serious aging can be further deteriorated along with the increase of the service time, and the service life of the battery pack can be obviously different, so that the use of the whole battery system is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a battery pack system and a battery cluster management system using a switching tube to control a battery pack.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a battery pack switching control circuit comprising a first switching tube and a first switching control circuit, wherein the first switching control circuit is provided with a first voltage input terminal, a first voltage output terminal, a first voltage control terminal and a ground terminal. The first voltage input end and the ground end of the first switch control circuit are power supply ends of the first switch circuit, and can be powered by all batteries in series in the battery pack or by part of batteries in series. The first end of the first switch tube is connected with the anode of the series battery cell, the second end of the first switch tube is connected with the battery pack input anode, the third end of the first switch tube is connected with the first voltage output end, the output voltage of the first voltage output end can be adjusted by adjusting the control parameter of the first voltage control end, when the output voltage of the first voltage output end is lower than the conduction threshold voltage of the first switch tube, the first switch tube is in an off state, when the output voltage of the first voltage output end is higher than the conduction threshold voltage of the first switch tube, the first switch tube is in a conduction state, the first voltage output end voltage can be adjusted by adjusting the parameter of the first voltage control end, and the conduction resistance of the first switch tube is controlled.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a battery pack short-circuit control circuit, comprising a second switching tube and a second switching control circuit, wherein the second switching control circuit is provided with a second voltage input terminal, a second voltage output terminal, a second voltage control terminal and a ground terminal, and the second voltage input terminal and the ground terminal of the second switching control circuit are power supply terminals of the second switching circuit, and can be powered by all series batteries in the battery pack or by part of batteries in the series batteries. The first end of the second switching tube is connected with the negative pole of the battery pack, the second end of the second switching tube is connected with the positive pole of the battery pack input, the third end of the second switching tube is connected with the second voltage output end, the output voltage of the second voltage output end can be adjusted by adjusting the control parameter of the second voltage control end, when the output voltage of the second voltage output end is lower than the conduction threshold voltage of the second switching tube, the second switching tube is in an off state, when the output voltage of the second voltage output end is higher than the conduction threshold voltage of the second switching tube, the second switching tube is in a conduction state, the voltage of the second voltage output end can be adjusted by adjusting the parameter of the second voltage control end, and the on resistance of the second switching tube can be controlled.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a battery pack system for controlling a battery pack using a switching tube, comprising one or more battery packs including the provided battery pack switching control circuit and battery pack short-circuit control circuit, and cell acquisition monitoring and communication control circuit, wherein:
the battery pack switch control circuit adjusts equivalent impedance of a plurality of corresponding series connection battery cells by controlling the on or off of the first switch tube;
The battery pack short-circuit control circuit isolates or accesses a plurality of corresponding series connection battery cells by controlling the on or off of the second switching tube;
The battery core acquisition monitoring and communication control circuit is used for detecting the voltage and the internal resistance information of the battery cores connected in series, and the on or off of the corresponding first switching tube and second switching tube can be adjusted by controlling the control voltage of the voltage control ends of the first switching control circuit and the second switching control circuit.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a battery cluster management system comprising a plurality of battery clusters, each of which is constituted by a series connection of battery pack systems provided.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the equivalent impedance of each battery pack can be controlled in stages, so that the use frequency of each battery pack is controlled, and the design target of balanced use of the battery packs is realized and the service life of the whole battery cluster is prolonged by controlling the use frequency of different access battery packs. In addition, the invention uses fewer switch control tubes to control the mode of forming the battery packs, saves the number of the switch tubes, and adjusts the equivalent impedance of the battery packs by controlling the control voltage of the switch tubes, thereby flexibly controlling the equivalent impedance of each battery pack and realizing the design target of balancing control of the internal resistance of the battery packs.
Other features of the present invention and its advantages will become apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, which proceeds with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a battery pack switching control circuit diagram according to one embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a battery pack short-circuit control circuit diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery pack circuit structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic circuit configuration diagram of a battery cluster management system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a battery cluster cut-out high impedance battery pack accessing a target impedance battery pack according to one embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an impedance, voltage and current measuring unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that: the relative arrangement of the components and steps, numerical expressions and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention unless it is specifically stated otherwise.
The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely exemplary in nature and is in no way intended to limit the invention, its application, or uses.
Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate.
In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as merely illustrative, and not a limitation. Thus, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further discussion thereof is necessary in subsequent figures.
For clarity, the relevant definitions referred to will first be presented. A single cell is also referred to herein as a single cell; the output voltage of a typical cell is 3.2V; n electric cores form a battery PACK (PACK); a plurality of battery packs are connected in series to form a battery cluster.
In order to meet the requirement of high-capacity storage of electric energy, the low-voltage battery cells can be combined in series and parallel to form a battery pack, then the battery pack is combined in series and parallel to form a battery cluster, and then the battery clusters are combined in parallel to form the high-voltage high-capacity energy storage battery station. After the battery cells are combined in series and parallel, the internal resistances of different battery cells show obvious differences after long-term operation, and the differences of the internal resistances of the battery cells are directly shown as obvious differences of the stored electric quantity (SOC) of the battery. When the storage capacity of part of the battery cells is greatly reduced, the continuous use of the battery cells can possibly cause safety accidents.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a circuit structure for controlling a battery pack by using a switch tube and a battery pack management method, which can control the internal impedance of the battery pack formed by serially connected battery cells, and the battery pack with higher battery cell impedance is cut off from a power supply system, so that the mode that the battery pack with consistent battery cell impedance is connected into the power supply system is reserved, the service life of the battery is prolonged, and the problem of larger service life difference of the battery cells when a large number of battery cells are used is solved.
In short, the battery pack system for controlling the battery pack by using the switch tube comprises one or more battery packs, wherein each battery pack is provided with a battery pack switch control circuit, a short circuit control circuit, a battery cell acquisition monitoring and communication control circuit and a plurality of battery cells connected in series, each battery pack switch control circuit comprises a first switch tube and a first switch control circuit, each short circuit control circuit comprises a second switch tube and a second switch control circuit, and the battery pack switch control circuit adjusts the equivalent impedance of the plurality of battery cells connected in series by controlling the on or off of the first switch tube; the short circuit control circuit is connected with or isolates the plurality of series connection battery cores by controlling the on or off of the second switching tube; the battery core acquisition monitoring and communication control circuit is used for detecting information such as voltage, impedance and the like of the plurality of battery cores connected in series, and adjusting the on or off of the corresponding first switching tube and second switching tube by controlling the control voltage of the voltage output ends of the first switching control circuit and the second switching control circuit.
Hereinafter, a circuit structure of the battery pack switching control circuit, the short circuit control circuit, the battery pack circuit structure, and the battery cluster management system constituted by a plurality of battery packs will be specifically described.
1. Battery pack switch control circuit
Referring to the schematic diagram of the battery pack switch control circuit in fig. 1, the circuit is a circuit structure with controllable and adjustable internal resistance in the battery pack, and the equivalent internal resistance of the whole series battery pack can be flexibly adjusted by adjusting the control voltage of the switch; when aging inconsistency occurs in part of the battery cells in the whole battery pack, the series resistance of the switch tube can be changed by adjusting the control voltage of the switch, so that the equivalent internal resistance of the whole resistor pack is close to the set target resistance value.
Specifically, the battery pack switch control circuit includes a first switch control circuit, a switching tube (or referred to as a switch 1) exemplified by a field effect tube (MOS 1), and N cells, which are labeled as a cell 1, a cell 2, and a cell N, are connected in series. The switch control circuit is provided with a first voltage input end, a first voltage output end, a first voltage control end and a ground end. The grid electrode of the field effect transistor is connected with the first voltage output end and is connected with the input end through the protection circuit 1. The source electrode of the field effect tube is connected with the anode of the series battery core. The drain electrode of the field effect transistor is connected with the source electrode through the protection circuit 2. The ground terminal of the switch control circuit 1 is connected with the negative electrode of the series battery cell. The on-resistance of the MOS1 in the on state can be adjusted by adjusting the output voltage of the switch control circuit, and the MOS1 can be in the off state by setting the output voltage of the first voltage output terminal far from the on threshold voltage of the first MOS 1.
It should be noted that, through designing protection circuit 1 and protection circuit 2, can avoid the risk such as high voltage breakdown that the switch probably leads to under abominable operating mode condition to make circuit topology structure reduce the withstand voltage requirement to the switch, reduced the cost of actual trial.
2. Battery pack short-circuit control circuit
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a battery pack short circuit control circuit. The battery and the power supply network can be cut off by using the battery pack short-circuit control circuit, and a new circuit structure of the power supply network is established. The structure can cut off the thermal runaway state of the risk battery caused by continuous charge and discharge of the risk battery pack; meanwhile, a short circuit can be provided for other battery packs of the battery cluster, so that other battery packs without risks can continue to work; because the high-voltage protection circuit is used on the passage, the damage of the switching tube caused by the high voltage at the two ends of the switching tube when the power supply is abnormal can be prevented.
Specifically, the short-circuit control circuit includes a second switch control circuit, a switching transistor exemplified by a field effect transistor (MOS 2, or referred to as switch 2), and N cells are connected in series. The second switch control circuit is provided with a second voltage input end, a second voltage output end, a second voltage control end and a ground end. The gate of the field effect transistor is connected with the second voltage output end and is grounded through the protection circuit 4. The source electrode of the field effect tube is connected with the cathode of the battery pack. The drain of the field effect transistor is connected with the source electrode through the protection circuit 3, and the drain of the field effect transistor is connected with the input positive electrode of the battery pack. The ground end of the second switch control circuit is connected with the negative electrode of the battery pack. The on-resistance of the MOS2 in the on state can be adjusted by adjusting the output voltage value of the second voltage output terminal of the second switch control circuit, and the MOS2 in the off state can be realized by adjusting the output voltage value of the second voltage output terminal to be far lower than the on threshold voltage of the MOS 2.
3. Battery pack circuit structure and battery cluster circuit structure
The battery pack circuit structure can be constructed using the battery pack switch control circuit of fig. 1 and the battery pack short circuit control circuit of fig. 2, as shown in fig. 3. Generally, the whole battery pack comprises a battery pack switch control circuit, a short circuit control circuit, a battery cell acquisition monitoring and communication control circuit and a series battery cell. The cell acquisition monitoring and communication control circuit comprises a detection unit, a communication interface circuit and a logic control unit. The detection unit realizes the functions of detecting information such as voltage and current of the battery cell, balancing the battery cell or measuring the impedance of the battery cell, and the like, and comprises a battery cell detection circuit, a battery cell balancing circuit, a battery cell impedance measuring circuit and the like. The communication interface circuit is for communicating with an external unit. The logic control unit is respectively connected with the detection unit and the communication interface circuit, and is connected with the first voltage control end and the second voltage control end through two logic control ends. Furthermore, a detection unit is connected to the positive and negative poles of each cell to enable independent measurements for the cells. Further, the battery pack circuit may be combined into a battery cluster circuit structure, as shown in fig. 4. The battery cluster circuit comprises N battery packs (marked as a battery pack CP1 to a battery pack CPN, which form a battery cluster), a battery cluster multiplexing switch and a battery cluster management unit, wherein the switch control circuit of each battery pack is shown as one, and respectively controls a switch 1 and a switch 2. The battery cluster management unit is used for controlling the battery cluster multi-way change-over switch to select the connection relation between the battery cluster and the network. For example, one of four networks, i.e., a power supply network TP0, a cluster connection network TP1 that disconnects a single battery pack, a cluster connection network TP2 that disconnects two battery packs, and a battery TEST network tp_test, is selected. In fig. 4, one battery cluster is composed of N battery packs connected in series. When the monitoring circuit of the battery pack judges that the health state of the battery pack is close to the set target value, the control voltage of the switch 1 of the whole battery pack is lower than the on threshold voltage of the switch tube, and the switch tube 1 is in an off state at the moment, so that the whole battery pack can be disconnected from an external network; after the switch is turned off, the control voltage of the switch 2 can be higher than the conduction threshold voltage of the switch 2, so that the switch tube is in a conduction state, and the equivalent impedance of the switch tube 2 can be adjusted by controlling the control voltage of the switch tube 2, so that the equivalent impedance of each battery cluster can be adjusted.
As can be seen from fig. 4, the battery pack switch control circuit of fig. 1 mainly has two functions: one is to shut off the battery pack and the battery cluster. Secondly, the internal resistance of the battery pack in the on state can be adjusted, for example, when the switch 1 is on and the switch 2 is off, after the internal resistance of the battery cell changes, the control voltage of the switch 1 can be adjusted to enable the equivalent internal resistance of the whole battery pack to be equal to the set internal resistance, the internal resistance of the battery pack = the sum of the internal resistances of the plurality of battery cells + the equivalent impedance of the switch 1, and the equivalent impedance of the switch 1 is determined by the control voltage of the switch 1; with the switch 1 off and the switch 2 on, the internal resistance of the entire battery cluster can be adjusted by adjusting the control voltage of the switch 2.
With reference to fig. 1 and fig. 4, the battery pack switch control circuit can set the control voltage of the switch 1 according to the control strategy requirement, and the control state of the switch 1 is adjusted by controlling the control voltage of the switch tube to achieve the purposes of controlling the series battery cell to be disconnected and controlling the equivalent series impedance of the battery cell.
Specifically, for clarity, the principle of the switch control circuit of the battery pack is further described by taking an N-type MOS tube as an example, and it should be understood that the control principle of other types of switch tubes is similar to that of the switch, such as a P-type MOS tube, a gallium nitride tube, a silicon carbide tube, and the like. When the impedance of the battery cell is detected to be in a normal state, the whole battery pack needs to be in a normal working state: the control voltage of the switch 1 is higher than the control threshold voltage of the switch 1, the switch 1 is in a conducting state, and the specific control voltage value is determined by the series impedance set by the whole battery pack. For example, a determined target equivalent internal resistance value Zp is set for the battery pack, and by measuring the internal resistance of each battery, the series internal resistance Zc of the whole battery cell group can be calculated, and then the equivalent impedance of the switching tube is equal to the target impedance Zp minus the Zc value of the whole battery pack, i.e. the impedance zs=zp-Zc of the switch 1. Since the control voltage of the switch 1 and the equivalent impedance have a linear correspondence, the impedance of the switch tube can be set to the value of the target impedance Zp-Zc by controlling the control voltage of the switch tube 1, thereby realizing the goal of precisely controlling the equivalent impedance of the battery pack. When it is desired to turn off the battery pack, the control voltage of the switch 1 is only required to be designed to be far lower than the on threshold voltage of the switch 1, for example, the voltage at the N4 point is equal to the voltage at the N2 point.
As can be seen from fig. 4, the battery pack short-circuit control circuit of fig. 2 mainly has two functions: firstly, the battery and the battery cluster are used for providing a passage for isolating the battery cells, and secondly, the internal resistance of the switch 2 in the conducting state can be adjusted, so that the internal resistance of the whole battery cluster is also used for adjusting.
Still use N type MOS pipe as the principle of explanation battery package short-circuit control circuit. In practical application, the control voltage of the switch 2 can be set according to the control strategy requirement, and the control state of the switch 2 is adjusted by controlling the control voltage of the switch 2, so that the aims of controlling the series battery cell to be short-circuited and controlling the equivalent series impedance of the battery cluster are fulfilled.
Specifically, when it is detected that the impedance of the battery cell in the battery pack is in a normal state, the whole battery pack needs to be in a normal working state, the switch 2 is in an open state, and at this time, the control voltage of the switch 2 is far lower than the control threshold voltage of the switch 2, that is, the control voltage is close to the N3 point voltage. When detecting that the battery core in the battery pack is in an isolation state, the switch tube 1 is set to be in an off state, the switch 2 is in an on state, at the moment, the control voltage of the switch 2 is higher than the control threshold voltage of the switch 2, and the on-resistance of the switch 2 is in an on state with lower resistance.
In summary, based on the combination of the structures of fig. 1 and fig. 2, the internal resistance of the battery pack can be flexibly adjusted and controlled under the normal working condition of the battery core, and after the risk occurs in the service life of the battery core, the risk battery pack can be cut off by controlling the conducting states of the switch 1 and the switch 2, so that a battery cluster can be connected into a new battery pack.
4. Battery cluster management system containing battery clusters and battery pack balance control strategy
Further, a control strategy containing battery clusters and battery pack equalization is designed, and as shown in fig. 5, the circuit structure is provided with a battery pack and battery cluster equalization control strategy, or simply referred to as a battery cluster management system, and specifically includes: n battery clusters, each battery cluster containing a plurality of battery packs, each battery pack having a structure as shown in fig. 3 and 4; each battery cluster is provided with a corresponding BCMU management unit, and each battery pack is communicated with the BCMU management unit through a communication interface circuit; impedance, voltage, current test unit; a battery cluster and a battery pack isolation control unit; a battery pack charging circuit; and spare battery packs BP1, BP2, etc.
Firstly, on the basis of the existing cell monitoring circuit, an impedance, voltage and current testing unit is designed and used for monitoring parameters such as impedance, voltage and current of a battery pack and a battery cluster, and the loss introduced by an interconnection line between the battery strings, the conduction loss of a switching tube 1 and a switching tube 2, the working current of the whole battery string and the open circuit voltage of the battery string in an open circuit state can be estimated more accurately by combining the cell impedance measuring circuit in the battery pack. Each battery pack connected to the TP0 has equivalent internal resistance in a target range, and the battery clusters meeting the impedance are connected to the power supply network TP0, so that the problem of battery backflow among different battery clusters can be effectively avoided.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of an impedance, voltage, and current measurement unit (or simply referred to as a measurement unit), including an impedance measurement circuit, a current measurement circuit, a power discharge resistor (variable power resistor), a voltage measurement circuit, a data acquisition module, and a communication interface circuit, where the impedance measurement circuit measures an equivalent impedance connected to a battery TEST network tp_test, and is used for measuring an equivalent impedance of each battery pack and each battery cluster; the current measuring circuit is used for measuring the current after being connected into different variable power resistors; the voltage measuring circuit is used for measuring the voltage after being connected into the battery measuring network TP_TEST; besides being used for adjusting the load resistance value and ensuring the accuracy of measured data, the variable power resistor can also be used for discharging the standby battery packs BP1 and BP2 and the battery cells in different battery clusters so as to ensure that the electric quantity of the standby battery packs and the battery pack connected into the battery cluster are consistent with the battery pack connected into the TP0 network after the new battery cluster is caused to be connected into the battery pack. In addition, the measurement unit may discharge each battery pack according to the requirements of the battery management system to control the state of charge of each battery pack.
And a battery pack detection equalization circuit in the battery pack is combined, the battery packs with the internal resistances close to the battery state are connected into the same battery cluster, and the battery packs with larger differences between the internal resistances and the health states of the other battery packs are disconnected from the battery cluster, so that the further deterioration of the health state of the battery pack is avoided. For example, the battery cluster is separated from the power supply network TP0, and the battery cluster is connected to the battery TEST network tp_test, so that parameters such as the internal resistance, the open circuit voltage and the like of each battery pack in the battery cluster are measured by using the impedance, voltage and current TEST unit by adjusting the switch state of each battery pack in the battery cluster. The internal resistance states of all battery packs in all battery clusters can be counted through the steps, the internal resistance threshold value of the battery pack connected to the power supply network at this time is set through counting the internal resistance values of all battery packs, and the battery pack meeting the internal resistance threshold requirement of the battery pack is connected to the power supply network TP0 through adjusting the on-resistance of the switch of each battery pack. In addition to requiring that the internal resistance of each battery pack connected to the power supply network TP0 is consistent, the battery pack charging circuit in fig. 5 may be used to charge and manage the battery pack, increase the storage capacity of the battery pack, and reduce the storage capacity of the battery pack by using the variable power resistors in the impedance, voltage and current measurement units, so that the electric capacity of the backup battery pack, and the electric capacity state of the battery pack to be connected to the battery cluster are close to the electric capacity state of the battery pack connected to the TP0 network. By controlling the impedance and the electric quantity of the standby battery pack, and the impedance and the electric quantity of the battery pack to be connected to the battery cluster, it can be ensured that a new battery cluster consisting of the standby battery pack and the battery cluster after the battery pack is cut off has the same state as other battery clusters which are already connected to the TP0 network.
Further, the circuit structure and switching strategy for accessing the battery pack can be designed. For example, all the networks lacking one battery pack are connected to one network (since the internal resistance of each battery pack can be controlled, the internal resistance of each battery pack is the same, so that the internal resistances of battery clusters having the same battery pack are also the same, and thus the problem of backflow between battery clusters can be avoided), and then the same number of cluster backup battery packs are connected in series.
In one embodiment, when it is detected that the state of health of a battery pack reaches a set health threshold, a backup battery pack is required to be accessed to start the battery cluster reconfiguration operation: firstly, disconnecting the whole battery cluster from a power supply network TP 0; then the switch 1 is controlled to be in an off state, and the switch 2 is controlled to be in an on state, so that the battery pack is in an off shielding state; in order to maintain the normal operation of the battery cluster, the internal resistance, the electric quantity and the number of battery packs of the battery cluster connected with TP0 are consistent; and after the internal resistance and the electric quantity state of the standby battery pack are consistent with the internal resistance and the electric quantity state of other battery packs in the battery cluster, the standby battery pack is connected into the battery cluster, the battery cluster is connected into the TP0 network again, and the new battery cluster can work normally again.
It should be noted that, besides using a common cell balancing circuit inside the battery pack, the battery pack can adjust the equivalent internal resistance of the whole battery pack by controlling the on-resistances of the switch 1 and the switch 2 inside the battery pack; the state of charge of each battery pack in the access battery cluster is controlled by using a charging circuit and a measuring circuit. The aim of balancing the battery clusters is achieved by controlling the internal resistance and the state of charge of the battery packs in the battery clusters.
Further, as shown in fig. 4, 5 and 6, the following is specifically explained:
1) After the set N power saving cores are connected, the control circuit of the switch 1 is controlled to be in a conducting state by the N power saving cores; the switch control circuit of the switch 2 is also powered by the N batteries, and the switch 2 is in an off state;
2) As the battery run time increases, the state of health (SOH) of the battery is continuously decayed, and over a period of time, significant differences in the state of health of each battery occur. And accessing the battery clusters into a battery TEST network TP_TEST, and measuring the equivalent internal resistance of each battery cell in the battery packs by using a battery cell impedance measurement circuit in the battery packs by adjusting the switching state of each battery pack in the battery clusters, and measuring the internal resistance of each battery pack in the battery clusters by using an impedance, voltage and current TEST unit.
3) After the whole battery system is operated for a period of time, the battery health states of different batteries can be different; when the state of health of any battery is detected to reach a set health threshold (SOH_TH 1); the switch controller of the battery will set switch 1 to the off state while setting switch 2 to the on state.
4) For the battery pack internal resistance control circuit, each battery cell is correspondingly provided with an own equalization circuit, and the equivalent internal resistance of each battery cell can be controlled through the on-off state of the equalization circuit; the NMOS or other GaN, siC, IGBT switching devices are connected in series on each cluster of batteries, the on-resistance value of the NMOS switching tube can be adjusted by controlling the threshold voltage of the NMOS tube, similar implementation is realized by controlling the PMOS tube or other GaN, siC, IGBT and other devices, and the equivalent internal resistance compensation circuit on each cluster can also be realized by controlling the series power resistance by using the switching tube.
5) Compensation circuit control description: a plurality of backup battery packs are provided, and the equivalent internal resistance values of these battery packs are set by the battery internal resistance control circuit in fig. 1; the electric quantity value (SOC) is set to the required electric quantity and internal resistance state through a charging circuit and a discharging circuit, and when the internal resistance and the SOC value of the battery pack are close to other battery packs in the cluster, the standby battery pack is connected to the battery cluster without one battery pack. It should be noted that, in fig. 5, there are multiple backup battery packs BP1, so that when multiple battery clusters are connected in series after one battery pack is cut off, if 2 battery packs are connected in parallel to the power supply network TP1 where 1 battery pack is missing at the same time, two backup battery packs BP1 need to be connected, i.e. the number of connected backup battery packs is always equal to the number of battery packs connected to TP1, so as to ensure that each battery pack finally connected to TP0 can charge and discharge uniformly. Similarly, there are also multiple groups of 2 series-connected standby battery packs BP2, so that after a plurality of battery clusters are separated from 2 battery packs, the number of the 2 series-connected standby battery packs BP2 is generally smaller than that of the standby battery packs BP1, and after the health states of most of the battery packs in the whole network are relatively close to the average service life of the battery cells, the whole battery pack needs to be replaced. The whole network aims to ensure that the service lives of all the battery cells are relatively close, and two battery packs are connected in series and mainly used for special scenes with poor battery state consistency.
It is to be noted that those skilled in the art can make appropriate changes and modifications to the above-described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, the switching transistor may be an N-type MOS transistor, a P-type MOS transistor, or one of a relay, a transistor, a gallium nitride transistor (GaN), silicon carbide (SiC), a thyristor, and an insulated gate bipolar transistor IGB. The control circuit of the switch tube not only can take electricity from the monitored battery pack, but also can be powered by other external modules. As another example, the circuit impedance compensation structure in fig. 1 may be implemented by using other controllable variable resistors besides MOS transistors, and according to the impedance screening and control logic of fig. 6, the impedance balancing control of each battery pack may also be implemented.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) The service lives of the battery cells processed in the same batch are slightly different due to the difference of battery materials and processing processes, so that the service lives of battery packs consisting of a plurality of battery cells are slightly different. The invention can control the equivalent impedance of each battery pack in stages, thereby controlling the use frequency of each battery pack, achieving the design goal of using the battery packs in an equalizing way by controlling the use frequency of different access battery packs, and prolonging the service life of the whole battery cluster.
2) The invention uses fewer switch control tubes to control the mode of forming the battery pack, thereby saving the number of the switch tubes. Meanwhile, the equivalent impedance of the battery packs is adjusted by controlling the control voltage of the switch tube, so that the equivalent impedance of each battery pack is flexibly controlled, and the design target of balanced control of the internal resistance of the battery packs is realized.
3) The invention not only can cut off the connection between the problem battery and the power supply network with a low-cost scheme, but also provides a new power supply path for the original connection network, thereby avoiding the problem that the battery cluster cannot normally work because the battery pack is isolated from the risk battery pack and the new power supply path cannot be established. The structure of the energy storage system is built based on the battery pack structure, so that not only can the battery pack with risks be cut off from the whole energy storage system, but also the battery pack with risks cut off can be connected with a standby battery pack assembly to form a new battery pack to be connected into a power supply network, thereby effectively utilizing other battery packs with normal performances in the battery pack and improving the utilization efficiency of the battery pack. The invention can rapidly measure the equivalent internal resistance of the battery packs in all the battery clusters, and the internal resistance and the electric quantity of the battery connected into the power supply network are in the set range, so that the problem of backflow among the battery clusters caused by the battery packs with larger parallel difference (the backflow among the battery clusters can reduce the service life of the battery) is effectively avoided.
4) The invention uses the impedance, voltage and current test unit to test the impedance, output voltage and other parameters of each battery pack and each battery cluster, can ensure the battery clusters connected into the power supply network to have consistent performance, can reduce the reflux among the battery clusters, and prolongs the service life of the batteries.
5) The switch circuit structure provided by the invention can flexibly control the internal impedance of the battery pack, when the internal cell impedance of the battery pack is different from the impedance of other battery packs, the impedance of the battery pack can be adjusted by adjusting the on impedance of the switch, when the impedance of the whole battery pack exceeds the impedance target of the stage, the battery pack can be flexibly separated from the battery cluster, a new battery pack (the impedance of the new battery pack is close to the impedance of other battery packs) is connected to the battery cluster, after the new battery pack is built, the new battery pack is connected to the power supply network, so that the design target of consistent internal resistance of all battery packs in the power supply network is realized, and the design target of consistent service life of all battery packs is realized. The service life of other battery packs can be reduced as the system runs, when the overall average impedance is close to the service life of the original isolated battery pack, the standby battery pack can be cut off from the power supply battery cluster, and the original isolated battery pack can be continuously connected with the battery cluster for use. After the equivalent internal resistance of the battery pack approaches the overall safety impedance, the battery pack is disconnected from the power supply network after the cycle of a plurality of stages, the power supply network is not connected, and the battery pack is replaced, so that the aim of flexible use is fulfilled.
6) According to the invention, the more accurate state of health of the battery is estimated according to the internal resistance and the electric quantity of the battery, and the safety risk of the whole battery system is reduced by cutting the battery pack with poor state of health (high impedance and low charge quantity) off the battery cluster, so that the potential safety hazard possibly caused by continuous use of the battery pack with poor state of health is avoided. In addition, as the battery packs connected in the power supply network are always battery packs with close health states, the health states of the battery packs of the whole battery system are consistent, and the average service time of the battery cells in the battery cell system can be greatly prolonged.
The foregoing description of embodiments of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the various embodiments described. The terminology used herein was chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or the technical improvements in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The battery pack system for controlling the battery pack by using the switching tube comprises one or more battery packs, wherein each battery pack comprises a battery pack switch control circuit, a battery pack short-circuit control circuit and a battery core acquisition monitoring and communication control circuit, and the battery pack short-circuit control circuit comprises the following components:
The battery pack switch control circuit comprises a first switch tube, a first switch control circuit and an impedance measurement circuit, wherein the first switch control circuit is provided with a first voltage input end, a first voltage output end, a first voltage control end and a ground end, the first voltage input end and the ground end of the first switch control circuit are power supply ends of the first switch circuit, and all serial batteries in the battery pack are powered by or part of batteries in the serial batteries; the first end of the first switch tube is connected with the anode of the series battery cell, the second end of the first switch tube is connected with the input anode of the battery pack, the third end of the first switch tube is connected with the first voltage output end, the output voltage of the first voltage output end is adjusted by adjusting the control parameter of the first voltage control end, the first switch tube is in an off state when the output voltage of the first voltage output end is lower than the conduction threshold voltage of the first switch tube, the first switch tube is in a conduction state when the output voltage of the first voltage output end is higher than the conduction threshold voltage of the first switch tube, and the first voltage output end voltage is adjusted by adjusting the parameter of the first voltage control end so as to control the conduction impedance of the first switch tube;
The battery pack short-circuit control circuit comprises a second switch tube and a second switch control circuit, wherein the second switch control circuit is provided with a second voltage input end, a second voltage output end, a second voltage control end and a ground end, the second voltage input end and the ground end of the second switch control circuit are power supply ends of the second switch circuit, all serial batteries in the battery pack are used for supplying power or part of batteries in the serial batteries are used for supplying power, a first end of the second switch tube is connected with a battery pack cathode, a second end of the second switch tube is connected with a battery pack input anode, a third end of the second switch tube is connected with a second voltage output end, the output voltage of the second voltage output end is adjusted by adjusting a control parameter of the second voltage control end, the second switch tube is in an off state when the output voltage of the second voltage output end is lower than the conduction threshold voltage of the second switch tube, the second switch tube is in an on state when the output voltage of the second voltage output end is higher than the conduction threshold voltage of the second switch tube, the second switch tube is controlled by adjusting a second voltage control end parameter; the battery pack switch control circuit adjusts equivalent impedance of a plurality of corresponding series connection battery cells by controlling the on or off of the first switch tube;
The battery pack short-circuit control circuit isolates or accesses a plurality of corresponding series connection battery cells by controlling the on or off of the second switching tube;
The battery cell acquisition monitoring and communication control circuit is used for detecting the voltage and the internal resistance information of the battery cells connected in series, and the on-off states of the corresponding first switch tube and second switch tube and the equivalent impedance of the battery pack can be adjusted by controlling the parameters of the voltage control ends of the first switch control circuit and the second switch control circuit;
The first switch control circuit takes electricity from a monitored battery pack or supplies power from other external modules, sets the control voltage of the first switch tube according to the control strategy, and adjusts the control state of the first switch by controlling the control voltage of the first switch tube so as to control the corresponding battery pack to be disconnected and control the equivalent series impedance of the series battery cells, wherein the control strategy is as follows: when the battery pack is in a normal working state, controlling the control voltage value of the first switching tube to be higher than the control threshold voltage of the first switching tube, wherein the first switching tube is in a conducting state, and the control voltage value is determined by series impedance set by the whole battery pack; when the battery pack needs to be turned off, setting the control voltage of the first switching tube to be lower than the conduction threshold voltage of the first switching tube;
The second switch control circuit takes electricity from the monitored battery pack or supplies power from an external module, sets control voltage of the second switch tube according to a control strategy, adjusts the control state of the second switch tube by controlling the control voltage of the second switch tube to enable the battery pack to be input into a positive electrode and a battery pack negative electrode to be in short circuit, and controls equivalent impedance of the short circuit path, wherein when detecting that the impedance of a battery core in the battery pack is in a normal state, the control voltage of the second switch tube is lower than the control threshold voltage of the second switch tube, and the second switch tube is in an off state; when detecting that the battery core in the battery pack needs to be in an isolation state, the first switching tube is in an off state, the second switching tube is set to be in an on state, and the on resistance of the second switching tube is adjusted by adjusting the control voltage of the second switching tube.
2. The battery pack system of claim 1, wherein the first and second switching transistors are selected from N-type MOS transistors, P-type MOS transistors, relays, transistors, gallium nitride transistors, silicon carbide transistors, thyristors, or insulated gate bipolar transistors.
3. The battery pack system according to claim 1, wherein the cell acquisition monitoring and communication control circuit comprises a detection unit for detecting a voltage and a current of the cell, equalizing the cell or measuring a cell impedance, a communication interface circuit for communicating with an external unit, and a logic control unit connected to the detection unit and the communication interface circuit, the output voltages of the first switch control circuit and the second switch control circuit being adjustable by adjusting parameters of the first voltage control terminal and the second voltage control terminal.
4. The battery pack system according to claim 3, wherein the equivalent internal resistance of the battery pack is adjusted to be equal to the set internal resistance by adjusting the control voltage of the first switch control circuit under the control of the logic control unit with the first switch tube turned on and the second switch tube turned off; under the control of the logic control unit, the equivalent internal resistance of the battery cluster formed by the plurality of series battery packs is adjusted by adjusting the control voltage of the second switch control circuit under the condition that the first switch tube is turned off and the second switch tube is turned on.
5. A battery cluster management system comprising a plurality of battery clusters, each battery cluster being constituted by a series connection of the battery pack systems according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. The battery cluster management system of claim 5, wherein each battery cluster is provided with a corresponding multi-way switch and BCMU management unit for managing each battery pack in the battery cluster, the multi-way switch being used to control the type of network accessed, the network type indication being a normal power supply network, a battery pack missing network, or a test network.
7. The battery cluster management system of claim 6, further comprising: the battery pack charging circuit, the standby battery pack, the battery cluster and the battery pack isolation control unit are used for controlling the standby battery pack to be connected to a power supply network, a test network or a charging network, wherein each standby battery pack is provided with a corresponding multi-path change-over switch:
The BCMU management unit is connected with each battery pack in the corresponding battery cluster and is used for controlling a multi-path change-over switch of the battery cluster to connect the battery cluster to one power supply network of a normal power supply network, a battery pack missing network or a test network;
When the battery clusters are switched to the test network, the measurement unit is used for measuring state information of each battery pack in the corresponding battery cluster and feeding back the state information to the battery cluster and the battery pack isolation control unit, wherein the state information comprises one or more of impedance, voltage and current;
The battery cluster and battery pack isolation control unit is used for determining the type of network to which the battery cluster or the battery pack needs to be connected according to the received state information;
the battery pack charging circuit is used for charging each battery pack.
8. The battery cluster management system of claim 7, wherein the measurement unit is configured to measure information about each battery pack, and comprises an impedance measurement circuit, a current measurement circuit, a variable power resistor, a voltage measurement circuit, a data acquisition module, and a communication interface circuit, wherein the impedance measurement circuit is configured to measure an equivalent impedance of each battery pack and each battery cluster; the current measuring circuit is used for measuring the current after being connected into different variable power resistors; the voltage measuring circuit is used for measuring the voltage after the battery test network is accessed; the variable power resistor is used for adjusting the load resistance value and discharging the standby battery pack and the battery cells in different battery clusters; the data acquisition module is used for acquiring the measured voltage, current and impedance and exchanging data with the outside through the communication interface circuit.
9. The battery cluster management system of claim 7, wherein the battery cluster and battery pack isolation control unit is configured to cut out battery packs determined to be at risk from the power supply network and access backup battery packs to form a new battery cluster access power supply network.
10. The battery cluster management system of claim 9, wherein when it is detected that a state of health of a battery pack reaches a set health threshold, a backup battery pack is required to be accessed and work is reconfigured for the battery cluster: firstly, disconnecting the corresponding whole battery cluster from a power supply network, controlling the first switching tube to be in an off state, and controlling the second switching tube to be in an on state, so that the battery pack is in an off shielding state; and adjusting the electric quantity state and the internal resistance of the standby battery pack to be connected, connecting the standby battery pack to the battery cluster after the internal resistance and the electric quantity state of the standby battery pack are consistent with the internal resistance and the electric quantity state of other battery packs in the battery cluster, and connecting the battery cluster to a power supply network again.
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| CN111431236A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-07-17 | 珠海迈巨微电子有限责任公司 | Battery management chip and battery management system |
| CN114640155A (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2022-06-17 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Charge and discharge protection device of battery pack, battery pack and electronic equipment |
| CN116094011A (en) * | 2023-01-18 | 2023-05-09 | 华为数字能源技术有限公司 | Energy storage system |
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| CN111431236A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-07-17 | 珠海迈巨微电子有限责任公司 | Battery management chip and battery management system |
| CN112701765A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2021-04-23 | 珠海迈巨微电子有限责任公司 | Battery management chip and battery management system |
| CN114640155A (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2022-06-17 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Charge and discharge protection device of battery pack, battery pack and electronic equipment |
| CN116094011A (en) * | 2023-01-18 | 2023-05-09 | 华为数字能源技术有限公司 | Energy storage system |
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