CN114640155A - Charge and discharge protection device of battery pack, battery pack and electronic equipment - Google Patents

Charge and discharge protection device of battery pack, battery pack and electronic equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114640155A
CN114640155A CN202210217375.8A CN202210217375A CN114640155A CN 114640155 A CN114640155 A CN 114640155A CN 202210217375 A CN202210217375 A CN 202210217375A CN 114640155 A CN114640155 A CN 114640155A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
charging
discharging
protection
battery pack
charge
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Pending
Application number
CN202210217375.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李雪
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Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd
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Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd
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Application filed by Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd filed Critical Guangdong Oppo Mobile Telecommunications Corp Ltd
Priority to CN202210217375.8A priority Critical patent/CN114640155A/en
Publication of CN114640155A publication Critical patent/CN114640155A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2022/144198 priority patent/WO2023169065A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/18—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for batteries; for accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00302—Overcharge protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00306—Overdischarge protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a charging and discharging protection device of a battery pack, the battery pack and electronic equipment, wherein the battery pack comprises a plurality of charging and discharging branches connected in parallel, each charging and discharging branch comprises a battery cell, and the charging and discharging protection device comprises: the protection switch is arranged corresponding to each charging and discharging branch circuit and is configured to control the battery cell to charge when being conducted in the forward direction and control the battery cell to discharge when being conducted in the reverse direction; the protection chip is arranged corresponding to each protection switch, and is configured to control the protection switches to be conducted in the forward direction or the reverse direction, and the charging and discharging currents of the corresponding charging and discharging branches are adjusted by controlling the conducting impedance of the protection switches. The device is through multiplexing protection switch, with current-limiting and charge-discharge protection function integration in an organic whole, not only can realize the charge-discharge protection of electric core, can be through the indirect access current of controlling electric core of control protection switch's on-resistance moreover, effectively avoid leading to the unable synchronous problem that fills etc. of electric core because of electric core access current difference is too big.

Description

Charge and discharge protection device of battery pack, battery pack and electronic equipment
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery charging and discharging, in particular to a charging and discharging protection device of a battery pack, the battery pack and electronic equipment.
Background
In the design of a lithium Battery pack at a mobile phone end, a Battery protection board or a BMS (Battery Management System) must be used, wherein a protection ic (integrated Circuit chip) generally implements charge and discharge protection of a Battery cell in the Battery pack by controlling the on/off of back-to-back MOS (field effect transistor) tubes, so as to avoid short Circuit, over-discharge accelerated aging of the Battery cell, or over-charging Battery pack bulging and the like due to improper use of the Battery cell.
At present, some protection ICs integrate a reset function in addition to a charge/discharge protection function. As shown in fig. 1, in the parallel cell charging architecture, one of the protection ICs further reserves a control signal line AP _ CTRL1/AP _ CTRL2, when one of the cells reaches a full charge condition, the AP controls the corresponding protection IC to reset by pulling up the corresponding AP _ CTRL1/AP _ CTRL2, at this time, the path between the cell and the charging management chip is cut off, and the cell cannot be charged or discharged.
In the parallel cell architecture, if the impedances from the charging management chip to the cells are not equal or the cell capacity difference is large, when one of the cells is full of due to a large shunt or a small cell capacity, although the cell can be stopped to charge and discharge by resetting the control protection IC, so that the current output by the charging management chip is all input to the cell which is not full of for charging, the following problems can be caused: (1) the battery cell cannot be filled synchronously; (2) for a high-power charging scheme, the battery cells which reach the fast full-charge condition in advance can be charged in a normal-charge low-power mode by reducing power, so that the battery cells which do not reach the fast full-charge condition are charged by normal charge all the time, and if all the battery cells reach the full-charge condition, the whole charging time can be prolonged due to the fact that the battery cells which reach the fast full-charge condition in advance are subjected to fast-back charge; (3) when electric core electric current difference deviation is too big, the electric core that the reposition of redundant personnel is big can surpass electric core multiplying power, if the user pulls out the adapter in the middle of charging, can cause electric core voltage deviation too big, if the user continues to use, leads to the electric core that the voltage is low earlier to trigger the system and close, causes the electric core that voltage is high to take place capacity loss.
In the related art, the current of the charge and discharge path of the battery cell is adjusted by adding the current limiting IC, as shown in fig. 2, the current limiting IC is added between the charge management chip and the battery pack, and the impedance of the load of the charge and discharge path of each battery cell can be respectively controlled, so as to adjust the shunt size of each battery cell, and achieve the purpose of solving the above problems. But this approach not only increases circuit volume and cost, but also generates additional heat.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. Therefore, a first objective of the present invention is to provide a charge/discharge protection device for a battery pack, which integrates current limiting and charge/discharge protection functions into a whole by multiplexing a protection switch, so as to not only realize charge/discharge protection of a battery cell, but also indirectly control a path current of the battery cell by controlling an on-resistance of the protection switch, so as to realize current limiting of the path current, thereby effectively avoiding a problem that the battery cell cannot be fully charged synchronously due to an excessive difference in the path current of the battery cell without increasing circuit volume, cost, heat, and the like.
The second objective of the invention is to provide a battery pack.
A third object of the invention is to propose an electronic device.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of a first aspect of the present invention provides a charge and discharge protection device for a battery pack, where the battery includes a plurality of charge and discharge branches connected in parallel, each charge and discharge branch includes a battery cell, and the charge and discharge protection device includes: the protection switch is arranged corresponding to each charging and discharging branch circuit and is configured to control the battery cell to charge when being conducted in the forward direction and control the battery cell to discharge when being conducted in the reverse direction; and the protection chip is arranged corresponding to each protection switch, is configured to control the protection switch to be conducted in the forward direction or in the reverse direction, and regulates the charging and discharging current of the corresponding charging and discharging branch circuit by controlling the conducting impedance of the protection switch.
According to the charge and discharge protection device of the battery pack, the current limiting function and the charge and discharge protection function are integrated into a whole through the multiplexing protection switch, so that the charge and discharge protection of the battery core can be realized, the passage current of the battery core can be indirectly controlled by controlling the on-resistance of the protection switch, and the current limiting of the passage current is realized, so that the problems that the battery core cannot be synchronously fully charged and the like due to overlarge difference of the passage current of the battery core can be effectively avoided under the conditions of not increasing the circuit volume, cost, heat and the like.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the protection chip is further configured to adjust the charging current of the corresponding charging and discharging branch circuit when the protection switch is turned on in the forward direction, so that the cells of the plurality of charging and discharging branch circuits reach a full-charge condition simultaneously.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the protection chip is further configured to adjust the discharge current of the corresponding charge and discharge branch circuit when the protection switch is turned on reversely, so that the electric quantity of the battery cells of the plurality of charge and discharge branch circuits is balanced.
According to one embodiment of the invention, when the battery pack is charged, the on-resistance of the protection switch is adjusted in a direct proportion mode along with the charging current of the corresponding charging and discharging branch circuit, and the electric quantity of the battery cell of the corresponding charging and discharging branch circuit is adjusted in a direct proportion mode along with the charging current of the corresponding charging and discharging branch circuit.
According to one embodiment of the invention, when the battery pack discharges, the on-resistance of the protection switch is inversely proportional adjusted along with the electric quantity of the battery cell of the corresponding charging and discharging branch circuit.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the protection chip is communicated with the application processor to receive an impedance adjusting instruction issued by the application processor according to the charging and discharging current of the charging and discharging branch circuit and/or the electric quantity of the battery core.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the protection switch is designed by back-to-back MOS tubes.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the back-to-back MOS transistors include a first MOS transistor and a second MOS transistor, a source of the first MOS transistor is connected to a negative electrode terminal of the battery cell in the charge-discharge branch, a drain of the first MOS transistor is connected to a drain of the second MOS transistor, a source of the second MOS transistor is connected to a negative electrode of the battery pack, and a gate of the first MOS transistor and a gate of the second MOS transistor are respectively connected to the first driving output terminal and the second driving output terminal of the protection chip.
In order to achieve the above object, a second aspect of the present invention provides a battery pack, including the charge and discharge protection device for a battery pack.
According to the battery pack provided by the embodiment of the invention, by adopting the charging and discharging protection device and multiplexing the protection switch, the current limiting and charging and discharging protection functions are integrated into a whole, so that not only can the charging and discharging protection of the battery cell be realized, but also the current limiting of the current of the battery cell can be indirectly controlled by controlling the on-resistance of the protection switch, and the problem that the battery cell cannot be fully charged synchronously and the like due to overlarge difference of the current of the battery cell can be effectively avoided under the condition that the circuit volume, the cost, the heat and the like are not increased.
In order to achieve the above object, a third embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, including the charge and discharge protection device for a battery pack.
According to the electronic equipment provided by the embodiment of the invention, by adopting the charging and discharging protection device and multiplexing the protection switch, the current limiting and charging and discharging protection functions are integrated into a whole, so that not only can the charging and discharging protection of the battery cell be realized, but also the current limiting of the current of the battery cell can be realized by controlling the on-resistance of the protection switch to indirectly control the current of the battery cell, and therefore, the problems that the battery cell cannot be fully charged synchronously and the like due to overlarge difference of the current of the battery cell can be effectively avoided under the condition that the circuit volume, the cost, the heat and the like are not increased.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a parallel cell charging architecture in the related art;
fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating another parallel cell charging architecture in the related art;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a charge and discharge protection device of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a charge and discharge protection device for a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The following describes a charge/discharge protection device for a battery pack, the battery pack, and an electronic apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a charge and discharge protection device for a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 3, the battery pack includes a plurality of charging and discharging branches 100 connected in parallel, and each charging and discharging branch 100 includes a battery cell Bat. That is, the present invention is mainly applied to a parallel cell architecture.
The charge and discharge protection device 200 includes: the protection switch 210 is arranged corresponding to each charging and discharging branch 100, and the protection switch 210 is configured to control the battery cell Bat to charge when conducting in the forward direction and control the battery cell Bat to discharge when conducting in the reverse direction; the protection chip 220 is disposed corresponding to each protection switch 210, and the protection chip 220 is configured to control the protection switch 210 to conduct in a forward direction or in a reverse direction, and adjust the charging and discharging current of the corresponding charging and discharging branch 100 by controlling the on-resistance of the protection switch 210.
Specifically, when the battery pack needs to be charged, the positive and negative electrodes P +, P-of the battery pack are correspondingly connected with the positive and negative electrodes of the external dc power supply, and meanwhile, each protection chip 220 controls the corresponding protection switch 210 to be turned on in the forward direction based on the charging instruction, so that the external dc power supply charges each battery cell Bat. In the charging process, when the battery cell Bat is overcharged or the charging and discharging branch 100 where the battery cell Bat is located has abnormal conditions such as short circuit or overcurrent, the protection chip 220 corresponding to the battery cell Bat controls the corresponding protection switch 210 to be switched off, so as to realize the charging protection of the battery cell Bat; when the charging current of the charging and discharging branch 100 where a certain battery cell Bat is located has an excessive difference from the charging current of the charging and discharging branch 100 where other battery cells Bat are located, the protection chip 220 corresponding to the battery cell Bat controls the on-resistance of the corresponding protection switch 210 based on the current-limiting requirement, so as to adjust the charging current of the charging and discharging branch 100 where the battery cell Bat is located, and avoid the problem that the battery cells cannot be fully charged synchronously due to the excessive current difference.
When the battery pack needs to be discharged, the positive and negative electrodes P +, P-of the battery pack are correspondingly connected with the positive and negative power supply ends of the external load, and meanwhile, each protection chip 220 controls the corresponding protection switch 210 to be conducted reversely based on a discharge instruction, so that each battery cell Bat supplies power to the external load. In the power supply process, when the battery cell Bat is overdischarged or the charging and discharging branch 100 where the battery cell Bat is located has abnormal conditions such as short circuit or overcurrent, the protection chip 220 corresponding to the battery cell Bat controls the corresponding protection switch 210 to be switched off, so as to realize the discharge protection of the battery cell Bat; when the difference between the discharging current of the charging and discharging branch 100 where a certain battery cell Bat is located and the discharging current of the charging and discharging branch 100 where other battery cells Bat are located is too large, the protection chip 220 corresponding to the battery cell Bat controls the on-resistance of the corresponding protection switch 210 based on the current-limiting requirement, so as to adjust the discharging current of the charging and discharging branch 100 where the battery cell Bat is located, and avoid the problems of capacity loss of some battery cells and the like caused by too large current difference.
In the above embodiment, through multiplexing protection switch, with current-limiting and charge-discharge protection function integration in an organic whole, not only can realize the charge-discharge protection of electric core, can be through the indirect access current of control protection switch's on-resistance control electric core moreover, effectively avoid because of the too big problem that leads to electric core unable synchronous full charge etc. of electric core access current difference, can not increase circuit volume, cost and extra heat etc. simultaneously.
In some embodiments, the protection chip 220 is further configured to adjust the charging current of the corresponding charging and discharging branch 100 when the protection switch 210 is turned on in the forward direction, so that the battery cells Bat of the plurality of charging and discharging branches 100 reach a full-charge condition at the same time.
Further, when the battery pack is charged, the on-resistance of the protection switch 200 is adjusted proportionally along with the charging current of the corresponding charging and discharging branch 100, and is adjusted proportionally along with the electric quantity of the battery cell of the corresponding charging and discharging branch 100.
Specifically, referring to fig. 3, when the battery pack needs to be charged, each protection chip 220 controls the corresponding protection switch 210 to be turned on in the forward direction based on the charging instruction, and controls the on-resistance of the protection switch 210 at the same time, and in an initial state, the on-resistances of the protection switches 210 are substantially consistent, so that the external dc power supply starts to charge each battery cell Bat.
In the charging process, the charging current of each charging and discharging branch 100 and the electric quantity of each battery cell Bat are obtained and judged. If the difference value of the charging currents of any two charging and discharging branches 100 is within the preset current range, and the difference value of the electric quantities of any two electric cores Bat is within the preset electric quantity range, keeping the on-resistance of each protection switch 210 unchanged; if the charging current of a certain charging/discharging branch 100 is too large (or too small), it may be that the shunt current is too large (or too small) due to too small (or too large) impedance of the charging/discharging branch 100, and at this time, the protection chip 220 corresponding to the charging/discharging branch 100 increases (or decreases) the on-resistance of the corresponding protection switch 210, so as to reduce (or increase) the charging current of the charging/discharging branch 100, and make the difference between the charging current and the charging current of other charging/discharging branches 100 be within the preset current range; if the electric quantity of a certain electrical core Bat is too high (or too low), it indicates that the electrical core Bat has a possibility of being charged in advance (or late), and at this time, the protection chip 220 corresponding to the electrical core Bat increases (or decreases) the on-resistance of the corresponding protection switch 210, so as to reduce (or increase) the charging current of the charging and discharging branch 100 where the electrical core Bat is located, so that the difference between the electric quantity of the electrical core Bat and the electric quantities of other electrical cores Bat is within the preset electric quantity range. So adjust repeatedly, until the completion of charging, can make the electric core Bat of a plurality of charge and discharge branches 100 reach the full condition simultaneously.
Therefore, in the charging process, based on the charging current of the charging and discharging branches and the electric quantity of the battery core, the battery cores of the charging and discharging branches can be fully charged at the same time by adjusting the on-resistance of the protection switch.
In some embodiments, the protection chip 220 is further configured to adjust the discharge current of the corresponding charge and discharge branch 100 when the protection switch 210 is turned on in the reverse direction, so as to balance the cell electric quantities of the plurality of charge and discharge branches 100.
Further, when the battery pack discharges, the on-resistance of the protection switch 210 is inversely proportional to the electric quantity of the battery cell of the corresponding charging/discharging branch 100.
Specifically, referring to fig. 3, when the battery pack needs to be discharged, each protection chip 220 controls the corresponding protection switch 210 to be turned on in the reverse direction based on the discharge instruction, and controls the on-resistance of the protection switch 210 at the same time, and in an initial state, the on-resistances of the protection switches 210 are substantially consistent, so that each battery cell Bat starts to supply power to an external load.
And in the discharging process, acquiring the electric quantity of each battery cell Bat and judging. If the difference value of the electric quantities of any two electric cores Bat is within the preset electric quantity range, keeping the on-resistance of each protection switch 210 unchanged; if the electric quantity of a certain electric core Bat is too high (or too low), it indicates that the electric core Bat discharges too slowly (or too fast), and at this time, the protection chip 220 corresponding to the electric core Bat turns down (or turns up) the on-resistance of the corresponding protection switch 210, so as to increase (or decrease) the discharge current of the charge and discharge branch 100 where the electric core Bat is located, and increase (decrease) the discharge speed of the electric core Bat, so that the difference value between the electric quantity of the electric core Bat and the electric quantities of other electric cores Bat is within the preset electric quantity range. So adjust repeatedly, can make the electric core electric quantity of a plurality of charge-discharge branches 100 keep balanced, end until discharging.
Therefore, in the discharging process, based on the electric quantity of the battery core, the electric quantity of the battery core of the plurality of charging and discharging branches can be kept balanced by adjusting the on-resistance of the protection switch, and the electric quantity loss of the battery core is avoided.
In some embodiments, the protection chip 220 communicates with the application processor to receive an impedance adjusting instruction issued by the application processor according to the charging and discharging current and/or the battery core power of the charging and discharging branch 100.
Specifically, in the charging process of the battery pack, each protection chip 220 may obtain the charging current of each charging and discharging branch 100 and the electric quantity of each battery cell Bat, and send the charging current of each charging and discharging branch 100 and the electric quantity of each battery cell Bat to the application processor, the application processor determines the charging current of each charging and discharging branch 100 and the electric quantity of each battery cell Bat, generates an impedance adjusting instruction, and sends the impedance adjusting instruction to the protection chip 220 that needs impedance adjustment, so that the protection chip 220 adjusts the on-resistance of the corresponding protection switch 210 according to the impedance adjusting instruction, which may be specifically described as above, and is not described herein again.
In the discharging process of the battery pack, the electric quantity of each battery cell Bat can be acquired by each protection chip 220 and sent to the application processor, the electric quantity of each battery cell Bat is judged by the application processor, and an impedance adjusting instruction is generated and sent to the protection chip 220 requiring impedance adjustment, so that the protection chip 220 adjusts the on-resistance of the corresponding protection switch 210 according to the impedance adjusting instruction, which is specifically described as above and is not repeated herein.
Therefore, the charging and discharging control of the battery pack can be realized by applying the processor.
In some embodiments, the protection switch 210 is implemented with a back-to-back MOS transistor design.
Optionally, referring to fig. 4, the back-to-back MOS transistor includes: the first MOS transistor M1 and the second MOS transistor M2, a source of the first MOS transistor M1 is connected to a negative terminal of the battery cell Bat in the charging and discharging branch 100, a drain of the first MOS transistor M1 is connected to a drain of the second MOS transistor M2, a source of the second MOS transistor M2 is connected to a negative terminal P of the battery pack, and a gate of the first MOS transistor M1 and a gate of the second MOS transistor M2 are respectively connected to the first driving output terminal DO and the second driving output terminal CO of the protection chip 220. The first MOS transistor M1 and the second MOS transistor M2 both have a body diode.
It should be noted that, based on the on-resistance-gate-source voltage characteristic of the MOS transistor, the on-resistance is inversely proportional to the gate-source voltage, that is, the higher the gate-source voltage is, the smaller the on-resistance is, so that the on-resistance of the MOS transistor can be indirectly controlled by controlling the gate voltage of the MOS transistor, thereby realizing the control of the charging and discharging current of the charging and discharging branch.
Specifically, referring to fig. 4, the protection chip 220 may communicate with the application processor through an I2C communication interface (including the clock interface SCL and the bidirectional data transmission interface SDA).
When the battery pack needs to be charged, the application processor sends a charging instruction to each protection chip 220 through the I2C communication interface, each protection chip 220 controls the corresponding second MOS transistor M2 to be turned on based on the charging instruction and controls the first MOS transistor M1 to be turned off, due to the body diode action of the first MOS transistor M1, the protection switch 210 is turned on in the forward direction, meanwhile, the protection chip 220 controls the gate voltage of the second MOS transistor M2 to control the conduction impedance of the second MOS transistor M2, and in an initial state, the conduction impedances of the second MOS transistors M2 are basically consistent.
In the charging process, each protection chip 220 detects the charging current of the corresponding charging and discharging branch 100 through the current detection port Isense, obtains the electric quantity of the corresponding battery cell Bat by reading the voltage of the power supply terminal VDD, and sends the electric quantity to the application processor. The application processor judges the charging current of each charging and discharging branch 100 and the electric quantity of each battery cell Bat, and if the difference value of the charging currents of any two charging and discharging branch 100 is within a preset current range, and the difference value of the electric quantities of any two battery cells Bat is within a preset electric quantity range, the application processor does not process the electric quantity.
If the charging current of a certain charging/discharging branch 100 is too large (or too small), which indicates that the shunt current may be too large (or too small) due to too small (or too large) impedance of the charging/discharging branch 100, at this time, the application processor generates an impedance adjustment instruction corresponding to the charging/discharging branch 100 and sends the impedance adjustment instruction to the corresponding protection chip 220, and the protection chip 220 adjusts the gate voltage of the corresponding second MOS transistor M2 down (or up) based on the impedance adjustment instruction to increase (or decrease) the on-resistance of the corresponding second MOS transistor M2, so as to decrease (or increase) the charging current of the charging/discharging branch 100, and make the difference between the charging current of the charging/discharging branch 100 and the charging current of other charging/discharging branches 100 be within the preset current range.
If the electric quantity of a certain electric core Bat is too high (or too low), it indicates that the electric core Bat has the possibility of being charged in advance (or late), at this time, the application processor generates an impedance adjustment instruction corresponding to the electric core Bat and sends the impedance adjustment instruction to the corresponding protection chip 220, and the protection chip 220 adjusts the gate voltage of the corresponding second MOS transistor M2 down (or up) based on the impedance adjustment instruction, so as to increase (or decrease) the on-resistance of the corresponding second MOS transistor M2, so as to decrease (or increase) the charging current of the charging and discharging branch 100 where the electric core Bat is located, so that the difference value between the electric quantity of the electric core Bat and the electric quantity of other electric cores Bat is within the preset electric quantity range. By repeating the above adjustment, the battery cells Bat of the multiple charging and discharging branches 100 may reach the full charge condition at the same time.
Considering the situation that the capacities of the battery cells Bat are not completely consistent, even though some battery cells Bat are still full of in advance through the current limiting process, the corresponding second MOS transistor M2 may be controlled to be turned off, and the first MOS transistor M1 may be controlled to be turned on, that is, the battery cells Bat full of in advance are stopped to be continuously charged, but the discharging capability of the battery cells Bat is reserved, so as to achieve voltage equalization.
In the charging process, each protection chip 220 further performs short-circuit protection, overcharge protection, and the like based on the acquired charging current of the corresponding charging/discharging branch 100, and performs overcharge voltage protection, and the like based on the acquired electric quantity of the battery cell Bat.
When the battery pack needs to be discharged, the application processor sends a discharge instruction to each protection chip 220 through the I2C communication interface, each protection chip 220 controls the corresponding first MOS transistor M1 to be turned on based on the discharge instruction and controls the second MOS transistor M2 to be turned off, due to the body diode action of the second MOS transistor M2, the protection switch 210 is turned on in the reverse direction at this time, and meanwhile, the protection chip 220 controls the gate voltage of the first MOS transistor M1 to control the conduction impedance of the first MOS transistor M1, and in an initial state, the conduction impedances of the first MOS transistors M1 are basically consistent.
In the discharging process, each protection chip 220 obtains the electric quantity of the corresponding battery cell Bat by reading the voltage of the power supply terminal VDD, and sends the electric quantity to the application processor. The application processor judges the electric quantity of each battery cell Bat, and if the difference value of the electric quantities of any two battery cells Bat is within a preset electric quantity range, the application processor does not process the electric quantity.
If the electric quantity of a certain electric core Bat is too high (or too low), it indicates that the electric core Bat discharges too slowly (or too fast), at this time, the application processor generates an impedance adjustment instruction corresponding to the electric core Bat and sends the impedance adjustment instruction to the corresponding protection chip 220, the protection chip 220 increases (or decreases) the gate voltage of the first MOS transistor M1 based on the impedance adjustment instruction, so as to decrease (or increase) the on-resistance of the first MOS transistor M1, so as to increase (or decrease) the discharge current of the charge-discharge branch 100 where the electric core Bat is located, and increase (decrease) the discharge speed of the electric core Bat, so that the difference value between the electric quantity of the electric core Bat and the electric quantities of other electric cores Bat is within a preset electric quantity range. By repeatedly adjusting the above, the electric quantity of the battery cells of the plurality of charge and discharge branches 100 can be kept balanced.
In the discharging process, each protection chip 220 further performs short-circuit protection, over-discharge current protection and the like based on the obtained discharging current of the corresponding charging and discharging branch 100, and performs over-discharge voltage protection and the like based on the obtained electric quantity of the battery cell Bat.
In addition, when an abnormal condition such as a crash occurs in the protection chip 220, it is also possible to forcibly RESET through the RESET port RESET.
In the above embodiment, through integrated current-limiting function on the protection chip, multiplex to protection switch simultaneously, not only can realize the charge-discharge protection to electric core, can realize moreover that the synchronization of electric core is fully filled etc. effectively avoids filling etc.'s problem in step because of electric core access current difference is too big leading to electric core, can save cost and mainboard layout area etc. simultaneously.
In summary, according to the charge and discharge protection device of the embodiment of the present invention, the current limiting function and the charge and discharge protection function are integrated into a whole by multiplexing the protection switch, so that not only can the protection of the battery cell be realized, but also the on-resistance of the protection switch can be controlled to indirectly control the path current, so as to realize the current limiting of the battery cell path, avoid the problem that the battery cell cannot be fully charged synchronously due to the too large difference of the battery cell path current, and the like, and meanwhile, no additional hardware circuit is provided, so as to reduce the hardware cost, the volume, the heating problem, and the like.
In some embodiments, the embodiment of the invention further provides a battery pack including the charge and discharge protection device.
According to the battery pack in the embodiment of the invention, by adopting the charging and discharging protection device and multiplexing the protection switch, the current limiting and charging and discharging protection functions are integrated into a whole, so that not only can the charging and discharging protection of the battery core be realized, but also the current limiting of the current of the battery of the current of the battery of the current of the battery of the current of the battery of the current of the battery of the.
In some embodiments, embodiments of the present invention also provide an electronic device including the battery pack described above.
According to the electronic equipment provided by the embodiment of the invention, the charging and discharging protection device is adopted, and the current limiting and charging and discharging protection functions are integrated into a whole through the multiplexing protection switch, so that not only can the charging and discharging protection of the battery cell be realized, but also the current limiting of the current of the battery cell can be indirectly controlled by controlling the on-resistance of the protection switch, and the problem that the battery cell cannot be fully charged synchronously and the like due to overlarge difference of the current of the battery cell can be effectively avoided under the condition that the circuit volume, the cost, the heat and the like are not increased.
In the description of the specification, reference to the description of "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or to implicitly indicate the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., as being permanently connected, detachably connected, or integral; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a charge-discharge protection device of battery package, its characterized in that, the battery package includes a plurality of parallel connection's charge-discharge branch road, every charge-discharge branch road includes electric core, charge-discharge protection device includes:
the protection switch is arranged corresponding to each charging and discharging branch circuit and is configured to control the battery cell to charge when being conducted in the forward direction and control the battery cell to discharge when being conducted in the reverse direction;
and the protection chip is arranged corresponding to each protection switch and is configured to control the protection switch to be conducted in the forward direction or the reverse direction, and the conduction impedance of the protection switch is controlled to adjust the charging and discharging current of the corresponding charging and discharging branch circuit.
2. The charging and discharging protection device for the battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the protection chip is further configured to adjust the charging current of the corresponding charging and discharging branch circuit when the protection switch is turned on in the forward direction, so that the cells of the plurality of charging and discharging branch circuits reach the full-charge condition at the same time.
3. The battery pack charging and discharging protection device of claim 1, wherein the protection chip is further configured to adjust the discharging current of the corresponding charging and discharging branch circuit when the protection switch is turned on in a reverse direction, so as to balance the cell electric quantity of the plurality of charging and discharging branch circuits.
4. The battery pack charging and discharging protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein when the battery pack is charged, the on-resistance of the protection switch is adjusted in a direct proportion according to the charging current of the corresponding charging and discharging branch circuit, and in a direct proportion according to the electric quantity of the battery cell of the corresponding charging and discharging branch circuit.
5. The battery pack charging and discharging protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein when the battery pack is discharged, the on-resistance of the protection switch is inversely proportional to the electric quantity of the battery cell of the corresponding charging and discharging branch.
6. The charging and discharging protection device for the battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the protection chip is in communication with an application processor to receive an impedance adjustment instruction issued by the application processor according to the charging and discharging current and/or the electric core power of the charging and discharging branch.
7. A charge and discharge protection device for a battery pack according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the protection switch is designed with back-to-back MOS transistors.
8. The battery pack charging and discharging protection device according to claim 7, wherein the back-to-back MOS transistors include a first MOS transistor and a second MOS transistor, a source of the first MOS transistor is connected to a negative terminal of the electric core in the charging and discharging branch, a drain of the first MOS transistor is connected to a drain of the second MOS transistor, a source of the second MOS transistor is connected to a negative terminal of the battery pack, and a gate of the first MOS transistor and a gate of the second MOS transistor are respectively connected to the first driving output terminal and the second driving output terminal of the protection chip.
9. A battery pack characterized by comprising the charge-discharge protection device of the battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. An electronic device characterized by comprising the charge and discharge protection device of the battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
CN202210217375.8A 2022-03-07 2022-03-07 Charge and discharge protection device of battery pack, battery pack and electronic equipment Pending CN114640155A (en)

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PCT/CN2022/144198 WO2023169065A1 (en) 2022-03-07 2022-12-30 Charging and discharging protection apparatus for battery pack, battery pack and electronic device

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WO2023169065A1 (en) * 2022-03-07 2023-09-14 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 Charging and discharging protection apparatus for battery pack, battery pack and electronic device
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CN117394472A (en) * 2022-07-04 2024-01-12 荣耀终端有限公司 Charging and discharging circuit and electronic device
CN116707089A (en) * 2023-06-25 2023-09-05 东莞市达锂电子有限公司 Automobile starting battery control method and system
CN116846019A (en) * 2023-06-30 2023-10-03 陈森 Battery pack system and battery cluster management system using switching tube to control battery pack
CN116846019B (en) * 2023-06-30 2024-05-03 陈森 Battery pack system and battery cluster management system using switching tube to control battery pack
CN117060549A (en) * 2023-10-07 2023-11-14 荣耀终端有限公司 Charging and discharging circuit and electronic equipment
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