CN116845419B - 一种集成动力电池热管理及承重功能的框架结构底盘 - Google Patents

一种集成动力电池热管理及承重功能的框架结构底盘 Download PDF

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CN116845419B
CN116845419B CN202310885641.9A CN202310885641A CN116845419B CN 116845419 B CN116845419 B CN 116845419B CN 202310885641 A CN202310885641 A CN 202310885641A CN 116845419 B CN116845419 B CN 116845419B
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谢松
杨小钰
郑祥鹏
王卓宇
贺元骅
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Civil Aviation Flight University of China
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Abstract

本发明提出一种集成动力电池热管理及承重功能的框架结构底盘,底盘整体结构外围设有底盘外壳,底盘整体结构自下到上依次设有高导热复合材料、多根横向等间距铺设的直线冷管、迂回设置的蛇形冷管;蛇形冷管与直线冷管纵横交错排布形成方格内填充相变材料;底盘整体结构两端分别设第一汇流管、第二汇流管,每根直线冷管的两端分别与第一汇流管、第二汇流管连通;蛇形冷管和直线冷管纵横交错排列;蛇形冷管进口端与第一汇流管连接,出口端依次连接加热模块、冷却模块、回路水泵,回路水泵连接回到第二汇流管。本发明实现汽车底盘轻量化的同时,具有承重能力强、电池温度控制良好等优点,有利于优化新能源汽车性能、降低事故风险。

Description

一种集成动力电池热管理及承重功能的框架结构底盘
技术领域
本发明涉及一种集成动力电池热管理及承重功能的框架结构底盘,属于锂离子电池技术领域。
背景技术
锂离子电池因能量密度高、循环寿命长、环境污染小等特点,已作为优质的替代动力广泛应用于新能源汽车领域。但是,锂离子电池的大规模使用仍然存在一些安全隐患,电池在大倍率充放电、一致性差异或外界温度环境作用下,易引发电池自身大量放热,造成热失控风险。因此,通常需要电池热管理系统来有效控制电池的表面温度。然而,在新能源汽车中,热管理系统通常以独立的结构放置于电池系统与汽车底盘之间,使得汽车底部结构复杂化,车身重量增加,能源利用率下降。另一方面,融合相变材料的新型热管理技术能更好地提升电池系统的温均性,提升电池系统整体的效率和寿命。但该类技术通常是将相变材料直接嵌入电池壳体对电池进行散热,但由于电池表面温度分布不均匀,当温度达到相变点时会出现相变材料泄漏的问题,从而影响电池热管理效能,甚至引发电池系统故障和灾害。
专利申请号202310313985.2提供一种浸没式热管理的电池底盘装置,该发明底部采用隔栅状结构,排布结构单一,可能会导致底部承重结构不牢固,承重性能差,容易造成故障。同时,在整个内部填充隔热材料并且冷却管路采用单一的排布结构,可能会导致电池底部温度分布不均匀,散热性能差。
专利申请号202310032642.9提供一种新能源汽车滑板底盘动力电池,该底盘以电池箱体来承重电池,可能增加了底盘的重量,同时缺乏对底盘底部进行加固处理,承重性能差,电池容易发生移位。此外,在电池箱体底部缺乏对电池温度的散热作用,可能会导致电池温度分布不均匀。采用单一的水冷方式对电池温度控制,散热性能差。
发明内容
针对现有存在的技术,本发明提出一种集成动力电池热管理及承重功能的框架结构底盘,其通过优化热管理材料及系统与汽车底盘的结构,在实现汽车底盘轻量化的同时,具有承重能力强、电池温度控制良好等优点,有利于优化新能源汽车性能、降低事故风险。
一种集成动力电池热管理及承重功能的框架结构底盘,包括底盘整体结构,底盘整体结构外围设有底盘外壳,底盘整体结构自下到上依次设有高导热复合材料、多根横向等间距铺设的直线冷管、迂回设置的蛇形冷管;
蛇形冷管与直线冷管纵横交错排布,并且两者不在同一平面内,具有高度差形成框架结构,在框架结构中的每个方格内填充相变材料;电池横放在直线冷管上并且位于蛇形冷管相邻迂回的管路之间,对电池进行固定限位;
底盘整体结构两端分别设第一汇流管、第二汇流管,每根直线冷管的两端分别与第一汇流管、第二汇流管连通;蛇形冷管和直线冷管纵横交错排列;蛇形冷管进口端与第一汇流管连接,出口端依次连接加热模块、冷却模块、回路水泵,回路水泵连接回到第二汇流管。
本发明提供一种集成动力电池热管理及承重功能的框架结构底盘,底盘结构采用直线冷管、蛇形冷管构造成框架式结构,具有良好的承重效果,实现新能源汽车的轻量化、一体化。同时,将相变材料嵌入框架式结构的空腔中使得温度达到相变点时相变材料不易泄漏。此外,通过在底部铺设一层高导热复合材料,蛇形管道中通过与加热模块、冷却模块、回路水泵进行连接,实现循环均衡动力电池表面温度,控制电池温度在合理范围内,提高电池的使用性能,降低事故风险。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种集成动力电池热管理及承重功能的框架结构底盘的整体示意图;
图2为底盘整体结构结构示意图;
图3为底盘整体结构结构局部图;
图4为底盘整体结构上的管道局部图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细的说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明,此外,下面描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
如图1到图4所示,集成动力电池热管理及承重功能的框架结构底盘,电池2放置在底盘整体结构3上,底盘整体结构3外围设有底盘外壳1;高导热复合材料9置于直线冷管6下方与直线冷管6贴合,使电池2表面温度分布均匀和有效散热;直线冷管6等间距横向排布并且与第一汇流管4、第二汇流管5连接,蛇形冷管7进口端与第一汇流管4连接,出口端与加热模块10、冷却模块11、回路水泵12依次连接回到第二汇流管5;蛇形冷管7与直线冷管6横向排布并且两者不在同一平面内,具有高度差形成框架结构,在蛇形冷管7和直线冷管6形成的框架结构中的每个方格内填充相变材料8,方格能够防止相变材料8泄漏;电池2横放在直线冷管6上并且蛇形冷管7对电池2进行固定限位,底盘整体结构3属于框架结构具有良好的承重效果并且将直线冷管和蛇形管道集成在底盘底部,有效减轻底盘重量。
工作时,冷却模块11、回路水泵12与第二汇流管5入口端连接,直线冷管6与第二汇流管5、第一汇流管4连通使横排直线冷管6中充满冷气,冷气再从蛇形冷管7回到出口端与加热模块10、冷却模块11、回路水泵12连接形成闭合流路。当电池2表面温度达到热失控温度时,启动冷却模块10,使整个底部管道充满冷气对电池2进行循环降温;当电池2表面温度过低时,启动加热模块11,整个底部管道充满热流使电池2表面温度升高,达到一定温度时停止加热模块11。同时,底部高导热复合材料9和嵌入的相变材料8具有快速传热性能够对电池2进行散热,使表面温度分布均匀。整个底盘整体结构3具有良好的承重效果,并且能够减轻车身重量。
本实施例中,所述电池2使用方形电池,但不限于方形电池,可根据实际情况进行选择。
本实施例中,所述相变材料8采用石蜡-膨胀石墨复合材料,不局限于石蜡-膨胀石墨复合材料,可以选择其他类型的相变材料。
本实施例中,所述高导热复合材料9,可以是碳纤维、石墨烯等碳-碳复合材料,以及其它传热性能和结构稳定性良好的材料。
本实施例中,直线冷管6,不限于铝制管,可以采用导热性能良好,质量轻、承重效果良好的材料。
本发明的有益效果在于:(1)本发明采用直线冷管和蛇形冷管形成框架结构,具有良好的承重及散热效果,并且能够减轻底盘的重量实现轻量化;(2)本发明在整个底盘管道底部铺设高导热复合材料,具有快速导热和均温的性能,对电池进行散热,合理控制电池温度范围;(3)本发明在直线冷管和蛇形冷管形成框架结构中的方格中嵌入相变材料,能够防止相变材料达到相变点时而发生泄漏问题。(4)高导热复合材料具有良好导热效果还能增加底盘的承重性能。

Claims (1)

1.一种集成动力电池热管理及承重功能的框架结构底盘,包括底盘整体结构(3);电池(2)放置在底盘整体结构(3)上,底盘整体结构(3)外围设有底盘外壳(1),底盘整体结构(3)自下到上依次设有高导热复合材料(9)、多根横向等间距铺设的直线冷管(6)、迂回设置的蛇形冷管(7);所述高导热复合材料(9)是碳纤维或石墨烯;
蛇形冷管(7)与直线冷管(6)纵横交错排布,并且两者不在同一平面内,具有高度差形成框架结构,在框架结构中的每个方格内填充相变材料(8);所述相变材料(8)采用石蜡-膨胀石墨复合材料;电池(2)横放在直线冷管(6)上并且位于蛇形冷管(7)相邻迂回的管路之间,对电池(2)进行固定限位;
底盘整体结构(3)两端分别设第一汇流管(4)、第二汇流管(5),每根直线冷管(6)的两端分别与第一汇流管(4)、第二汇流管(5)连通;蛇形冷管(7)和直线冷管(6)纵横交错排列;蛇形冷管(7)进口端与第一汇流管(4)连接,出口端依次连接加热模块(10)、冷却模块(11)、回路水泵(12),回路水泵(12)连接回到第二汇流管(5)。
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