CN116840053A - Device for testing influence of seepage pressure on rock and soil strength - Google Patents
Device for testing influence of seepage pressure on rock and soil strength Download PDFInfo
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- CN116840053A CN116840053A CN202311123200.1A CN202311123200A CN116840053A CN 116840053 A CN116840053 A CN 116840053A CN 202311123200 A CN202311123200 A CN 202311123200A CN 116840053 A CN116840053 A CN 116840053A
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- pressure
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
Abstract
The invention discloses a device for testing the influence of seepage pressure on the strength of rock and soil, which comprises a bottom plate, a test cylinder and a pressure disc, wherein the bottom plate is provided with a plurality of test cylinders; the upper surface wall of the bottom plate is fixedly provided with a plurality of vertical rods, the vertical rods are vertically arranged, the plurality of vertical rods are sleeved with fixing plates, the fixing plates are horizontally arranged, and the fixing plates are fixed on the plurality of vertical rods; the test tube is fixed on the upper surface wall of the fixed plate, and the test tube is provided with a lower bottom wall and an upper top wall; a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe are fixed on the test cylinder, the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are communicated with the test cylinder, a placing table for bearing the sample is arranged in the test cylinder, a plurality of first through holes are formed in the placing table, the water inlet pipe is higher than the upper end of the sample, and the water outlet pipe is lower than the lower end of the sample; the pressure disc is provided with a plurality of second through holes; the lower surface wall of the pressure disc is provided with a pressure sensor; the bottom plate is provided with a pressing component and a bearing component. The testing device can continuously change the pressure of the sample through the pressure sensor and the pressure applying component, thereby establishing the corresponding relation between the pressure and the permeability coefficient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rock-soil permeability coefficient testing equipment, and particularly relates to a device for testing the influence of seepage pressure on rock-soil strength.
Background
The water-bearing stratum is frequently encountered in the underground engineering construction process, and the permeability coefficients of the water-bearing stratum under different pressures are often different, so that the influence on the underground engineering construction is also different. In order to investigate the relationship between permeability coefficient and pressure to which the water-bearing formation is subjected, the relationship was experimentally investigated in a laboratory by a test apparatus.
The existing test method and device are mainly used for constant water head penetration test. The water head is kept as a constant in the test process, and the seepage coefficient can be calculated by measuring the water head difference deltah in the seepage test, the cross section area A of a sample (used for representing the water-bearing stratum) and the height of the sample and combining 4 elements of the seepage flow Q.
The disadvantage of the above test device is that the pressure applied by the sample is not known because there is no measuring element (such as a pressure sensor) during the test, and the data of the pressure applied by the sample cannot be used for subsequent investigation of the influence on the seepage coefficient.
In addition, even if the pressure monitoring element is added in the sample to monitor the pressure of the sample, the pressure of the sample cannot be changed due to the fact that a driving component (such as a press) for applying pressure to the sample is not provided, so that only one sample pressure value can be obtained, a control test cannot be formed, the influence of the sample pressure on the seepage coefficient cannot be accurately known, and the corresponding relation between the sample pressure and the seepage coefficient cannot be established.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for testing the influence of seepage pressure on the rock and soil strength, which solves the technical problems that a testing device in the prior art cannot change the pressure and cannot explore the influence of the seepage coefficient of a sample under different pressures.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention is implemented by adopting the following scheme:
a device for testing the influence of seepage pressure on the strength of rock and soil comprises a bottom plate, a test cylinder and a pressure disc; the upper surface wall of the bottom plate is fixedly provided with a plurality of vertical rods, the vertical rods are vertically arranged, the plurality of vertical rods are sleeved with fixing plates, the fixing plates are horizontally arranged, and the fixing plates are fixed on the plurality of vertical rods; the test tube is fixed on the upper surface wall of the fixed plate, and the test tube is provided with a lower bottom wall and an upper top wall; a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe are fixed on the test cylinder, the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are communicated with the test cylinder, a placing table for bearing the sample is arranged in the test cylinder, a plurality of first through holes are formed in the placing table, the water inlet pipe is higher than the upper end of the sample, and the water outlet pipe is lower than the lower end of the sample; the pressure disc is provided with a plurality of second through holes; the lower surface wall of the pressure disc is provided with a pressure sensor; the bottom plate is provided with a pressing component for enabling the pressure disc to be abutted against the upper end of the sample; the fixed plate is provided with a bearing component for clamping the placing table.
Further, the pressing component comprises a fixing frame, and the lower end of the fixing frame is fixed on the upper surface wall of the fixing plate; the upper surface wall of the fixing frame is fixed with a fixing pipe, and the axis of the fixing pipe is arranged vertically; the fixed pipe is rotationally connected with a threaded rod, and a driving motor for driving the threaded rod to rotate is fixed on the fixed plate; the threaded rod is connected with a sleeve through threads, and the sleeve is positioned in the fixed pipe; the outer wall of the sleeve is fixedly connected with a linkage block, the side wall of the fixed pipe is provided with a sliding groove, the linkage block is movably clamped in the sliding groove, the sliding groove is vertically extended, and the linkage block and the sleeve can vertically move; the linkage block is provided with a steering pipe, a supporting rod is fixed on the steering pipe, the steering pipe is sleeved on the fixed pipe, and the pressure disc is connected to the supporting rod.
Through rotation of the threaded rod, the sleeve is driven to vertically move, the sleeve enables the steering tube and the linkage tube to vertically move, after the steering tube rotates, the pressure disc rotates along with rotation of the steering tube, so that the axis of the pressure disc is coincided with that of the test tube, the pressure disc continuously applies pressure to the sample through rotation of the threaded rod, the permeation quantity under different pressures is recorded, and the corresponding relation between different pressures and permeation coefficients can be established by combining the water head difference delta h, the cross section area A of the sample (used for representing a water-containing stratum) and the height of the sample, so that a comparison test is conveniently carried out, and the relation between the permeation coefficients and the pressures is analyzed; the pressure disc is driven to move through the threaded rod, the thread pitch of the threaded rod is small, the pressure adjustment is continuous, and the pressure change amplitude can be small.
Further, the steering tube is rotatably connected to the upper surface wall of the linkage block, and the steering tube can rotate around the axis of the fixed tube.
The steerer tube may be rotated about the axis of the fixed tube so that, when taking out a sample, an operator may first rotate the steerer tube about the axis of the fixed tube until the steerer tube is rotated to a position that does not interfere with the sample. Thus, the operator can conveniently take out the sample. Or the operation staff can conveniently take the placing table out of the test cylinder, and when the placing table is replaced, the pressure disc can be rotated to other positions, so that the placing table with the other specification can be conveniently placed in the test cylinder.
Further, a first connecting pipe is fixed on the supporting rod, and the axis of the first connecting pipe is arranged vertically; the first connecting pipe is internally provided with a guide rod, the first connecting pipe is sleeved on the guide rod, the guide rod is movably clamped on the first connecting pipe, and the guide rod can move vertically relative to the first connecting pipe; the upper end and the lower end of the guide rod respectively penetrate out of the upper end and the lower end of the first connecting pipe correspondingly, the lower end of the guide rod is connected with a threaded sleeve in a threaded manner, and the pressure disc is fixed at the lower end of the threaded sleeve; a reset spring is arranged between the upper surface wall of the screw sleeve and the lower surface wall of the first connecting pipe, and is always in a compressed state, and the reset spring is sleeved on the guide rod; the upper end of the return spring is abutted with the lower end of the first connecting pipe, and the lower end of the return spring is abutted with the upper surface wall of the screw sleeve; the upper end threaded connection of guide bar has the nut, under reset spring's elasticity effect, the lower surface wall of nut and the upper surface wall butt of first connecting pipe.
The nut can prevent the pressure disc from falling off the first connecting pipe; secondly, after the pressure disk is contacted with the sample, the reset spring is compressed slightly at first, so that the upper end of the sample is in flexible contact with the pressure disk, and then pressure is applied subsequently, so that the pressure can be smoothly transferred to the sample. If the reset spring is not arranged, the pressure disc can directly impact the upper end of the sample, micro deformation can be caused at the upper end of the sample, the sample deformation can affect the permeability coefficient, and the accuracy of the test is affected.
Further, the bearing assembly comprises a clamping motor, a connecting frame and two groups of connecting rod assemblies with the same structure; the shell of the clamping motor is fixed on the lower surface wall of the fixed plate, the axis of the rotating shaft of the clamping motor is arranged vertically, the rotating shaft of the clamping motor penetrates through the fixed plate and the test cylinder, the top end of the rotating shaft of the clamping motor is positioned in the test cylinder, the rotating shaft of the clamping motor is sleeved with a lug, and the rotating shaft of the clamping motor can rotate relative to the fixed plate and the test cylinder; the connecting frame is fixed in the test cylinder, the shape of the connecting frame is , and the opening of the connecting frame faces upwards.
The two groups of connecting rod assemblies are symmetrically arranged on a plane where the axis of the rotating shaft of the clamping motor is located, and the plane is parallel to two corresponding vertical plates of the connecting frame; the connecting rod assembly comprises driving plates, the driving plates are vertically arranged, the lower ends of the driving plates are movably clamped on the connecting frame, the driving plates can move along the direction perpendicular to the vertical plates, the protruding blocks are located between the two driving plates, long rods are arranged on the driving plates, and the long rods are rotationally connected with the driving plates through first shafts.
The long rod is integrally provided with a short rod at one end far away from the driving plate, the short rod and the long rod form an L-shaped connecting rod together, two connecting plates are fixed at the upper end of the connecting frame, and the middle position of the connecting rod is rotationally connected to the connecting plates through a second shaft; the surface wall of the connecting frame is provided with a strip-shaped hole for the connecting rod to pass through; one end of the connecting rod, which is far away from the driving plate, is fixed with a clamping block; one side of the driving plate, which is opposite to the protruding block, is provided with a first spring, one end of the first spring is fixedly connected with the surface wall of the driving plate, the other end of the first spring is fixedly connected with the surface wall corresponding to the connecting frame, and the first spring is always in a compressed state.
The bearing assembly enables the two driving plates to move back to back through rotation of the protruding blocks, and then the two clamping blocks can clamp the supporting column of the placing table, so that the placing table can not move randomly in the test process, the pressure value monitored by the pressure sensor on the lower surface wall of the pressure disc is stable, and the pressure value is not inaccurate due to random movement of the placing table.
Further, the cross section of the bump is elliptical.
The oval lug has smooth edge, and after the lug rotates, the driving plate moves along the direction vertical to the vertical plate due to the different lengths of the major axis and the minor axis of the oval lug. The oval-shaped protrusions smoothly move the driving plate in the process of moving since the edges are smooth. In addition, because the lug is located between two drive plates, so can the synchronous drive two drive plates remove, two drive plates make the clamp splice synchronous motion again, and the support column is cliied in step to two clamp splice, more is favorable to the support column to be in the axis position of experimental section of thick bamboo, is favorable to the pressure disc to accurately transmit the pressure to the sample.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. through being provided with pressure sensor and exerting pressure subassembly, can provide a plurality of different pressures for the sample, operating personnel is again according to the head difference Δh that corresponds under this pressure, and cross-sectional area A and the sample height of sample (be used for representing the water-bearing stratum), combines infiltration flow Q again, calculates the infiltration coefficient, and the infiltration coefficient change condition of sample under the different pressures is analyzed through the comparison again, comes the indirect infiltration coefficient change of reflection water-bearing stratum under the different pressures.
2. Through being provided with the steering tube, when taking out the sample, through the steering tube rotation, just can rotate the pressure disk to the position that does not hinder the sample of taking out, make things convenient for operating personnel to take out the sample from the test cylinder.
3. Through with placing the platform and bearing assembly and separating each other, place the platform and can change, the platform of placing of different length support columns can increase additional conditions for the test, forms the contrast test, verifies the influence of different length support columns to permeability coefficient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for testing the effect of seepage pressure on the strength of rock and soil;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a load bearing assembly;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the connection of a threaded rod, a sleeve, and a steerer tube;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the connection relationship of the guide rod, the first connecting tube and the pressure plate;
fig. 5 is a structural view of the placement stage.
In the figure: 1. a bottom plate; 2. supporting feet; 3. a vertical rod; 4. a fixing plate; 5. a test cartridge; 6. a water inlet pipe; 7. a water outlet pipe; 8. clamping the motor; 9. a bump; 10. a connecting frame; 11. a driving plate; 12. a long rod; 13. a short bar; 14. a second shaft; 15. a connecting plate; 16. a bar-shaped hole; 17. clamping blocks; 18. a carrying plate; 19. a first spring; 20. a placement table; 21. a support column; 22. placing a tray; 23. a first through hole; 24. a fixing frame; 25. a fixed tube; 26. a threaded rod; 27. a first bevel gear; 28. a second bevel gear; 29. a driving motor; 30. a sleeve; 31. a linkage block; 32. a chute; 33. a steering tube; 34. a support rod; 35. a first connection pipe; 36. a guide rod; 37. a screw sleeve; 38. a pressure plate; 39. a return spring; 40. a nut; 41. and a second through hole.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
See fig. 1, a device for testing the influence of seepage pressure on the strength of rock and soil, which comprises a bottom plate 1, wherein the bottom plate 1 is horizontally arranged, and a supporting leg 2 is fixed on the lower surface wall of the bottom plate 1 and is used for supporting the bottom plate 1 and other parts above the bottom plate 1.
Referring to fig. 1, a plurality of vertical rods 3 are fixed on the upper surface wall of a base plate 1, and 4 vertical rods 3 are adopted in the embodiment. The axis of pole setting 3 sets up vertically, and the lower extreme of pole setting 3 is fixed in the upper surface wall of bottom plate 1. The plurality of vertical rods 3 are sleeved with fixing plates 4, the fixing plates 4 are horizontally arranged, the fixing plates 4 are located above the bottom plate 1, and the fixing plates 4 are fixed on the plurality of vertical rods 3. A gap is left between the lower surface wall of the fixing plate 4 and the upper surface wall of the bottom plate 1.
Referring to fig. 1, the upper surface wall of the fixing plate 4 is fixed with a test tube 5, which is a cylindrical tube having a lower bottom wall without an upper top wall, i.e., the upper side of the test tube 5 is open. The axis of the test cylinder 5 is arranged vertically, and the lower surface wall of the test cylinder 5 is fixed on the upper surface wall of the fixed plate 4. The circumference lateral wall of the test cylinder 5 is horizontally fixed with a water inlet pipe 6 and a water outlet pipe 7, the water inlet pipe 6 and the water outlet pipe 7 are arranged vertically one by one, the water inlet pipe 6 and the water outlet pipe 7 are communicated with the test cylinder 5, the other end of the water inlet pipe 6 is connected with a water source, and flow meters for monitoring flow are arranged in the water outlet pipe 7 and the water inlet pipe 6. The test cartridge 5 is provided with a placement table 20 for carrying a sample, the upper end of which is lower than the water inlet pipe 6, and the lower end of which is higher than the water outlet pipe 7.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the fixing plate 4 is provided with a bearing assembly, and the bearing assembly comprises a clamping motor 8, a connecting frame 10 and two groups of connecting rod assemblies with the same structure. The shell of the clamping motor 8 is fixed on the lower surface wall of the fixed plate 4, and a gap is reserved between the lower surface wall of the fixed plate 4 and the upper surface wall of the bottom plate 1 for the clamping motor 8 to be placed, and the clamping motor 8 is shielded in fig. 1. The pivot axis of centre gripping motor 8 is along vertical setting, and the pivot of centre gripping motor 8 passes fixed plate 4 and experimental section of thick bamboo 5, has the hole that supplies the pivot of centre gripping motor 8 to pass on fixed plate 4 and the experimental section of thick bamboo 5, and the pivot axis of centre gripping motor 8 coincides with the axis of experimental section of thick bamboo 5, and the pivot of centre gripping motor 8 can rotate for fixed plate 4 and experimental section of thick bamboo 5, and the sealed setting prevents the water leakage between the pivot of centre gripping motor 8 and the experimental section of thick bamboo 5.
The top end of the rotating shaft of the clamping motor 8 is positioned in the test cylinder 5, a lug 9 is sleeved on the rotating shaft of the clamping motor 8, and in the direction of the drawing shown in fig. 2, the edge outline of the lug 9 is elliptical when seen downwards from the upper part of the lug 9, and the lug 9 is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft of the clamping motor 8.
The connecting frame 10 is -shaped, the opening of the connecting frame faces upwards, and the connecting frame 10 is fixed on the lower surface wall of the inner side of the test cylinder 5. The pivot of centre gripping motor 8 passes the intermediate position of link 10, and link 10 is equipped with the hole that supplies the pivot of centre gripping motor 8 to pass, and when centre gripping motor 8 pivot rotated, the pivot of centre gripping motor 8 can take place to rotate for link 10, and lug 9 is in the space that link 10 encloses.
Referring to fig. 2, the two sets of link assemblies are symmetrically arranged along the X direction in fig. 1 about a plane on which the axis of the rotation shaft of the over-clamping motor 8 is located, the plane being parallel to the two risers corresponding to the connecting frame 10. Seen from one group of connecting rod assemblies, the connecting rod assemblies comprise driving plates 11, the driving plates 11 are vertically arranged, the lower ends of the driving plates 11 are movably clamped on the connecting frame 10, and the driving plates 11 can move along the X direction. The bump 9 is located between the two driving plates 11, and at the same time, the two driving plates 11 are also located between the two corresponding risers of the connecting frame 10. The driving plate 11 is provided with a long rod 12, and the long rod 12 is connected to a side surface wall of the driving plate 11 facing away from the protruding block 9. The long rod 12 is rotatably connected to the driving plate 11 through a first shaft, the axis of which is along the Y direction in fig. 1, and the Y direction is perpendicular to the X direction.
Referring to fig. 2, a short rod 13 is integrally provided at one end of the long rod 12 far from the driving plate 11, the short rod 13 and the long rod 12 together form a connecting rod similar to an L-shape, and an included angle between the short rod and the long rod is an obtuse angle. Two connecting plates 15 are fixed at the upper end of the connecting frame 10, and the two connecting plates 15 are symmetrically arranged along the X direction. The bending part of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the connecting plate 15 through a second shaft 14, and the axis of the second shaft 14 is along the Y direction in FIG. 1. The surface wall of the connecting frame 10 is provided with a strip-shaped hole 16 for the connecting rod to pass through, and the long rod 12 movably passes through the corresponding surface wall of the connecting frame 10.
Referring to fig. 2, a clamping block 17 is fixed at one end of the connecting rod far from the driving plate 11, and clamping grooves (not shown in the figure, only taking a plane as an example) are formed on opposite surface walls of the two clamping blocks 17. A bearing plate 18 is arranged between the two connecting plates 15, the bearing plate 18 is horizontally arranged, two ends of the bearing plate 18 are respectively fixedly connected with the corresponding connecting plates 15, the clamping blocks 17 are higher than the bearing plate 18 and are not connected with the bearing plate 18, and the bearing plate 18 is positioned above the driving plate 11 and does not influence the movement of the driving plate 11.
One side of the driving plate 11, which is away from the protruding block 9, is provided with a first spring 19, one end of the first spring 19 is fixedly connected with the surface wall of the driving plate 11, the other end of the first spring 19 is fixedly connected with the surface wall corresponding to the connecting frame 10, the axis of the first spring 19 is along the X direction in fig. 1, the first spring 19 is always in a compressed state, and under the action of the restoring force of the first spring 19, the driving plate 11 can be abutted against the outer edge of the protruding block 9.
A placement stage 20 (see fig. 5) is placed on the carrier plate 18, the placement stage 20 including a cylindrical support column 21, the axis of the support column 21 being disposed vertically. A placing disc 22 is fixed at the upper end of the support column 21, the placing disc 22 is a disc, and the axis of the placing disc 22 coincides with the axis of the support column 21. The swing plate 22 is provided with a plurality of first through holes 23 which vertically penetrate through the swing plate 22. When the design is carried out, the diameter of the placing disc 22 is larger than the lower end size of the sample, and the function of supporting the sample is achieved; the first through-hole 23 has a smaller pore diameter than the smallest particle diameter of the sample, preventing the sample particles from leaking out of the first through-hole 23.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the pressing assembly is located at the outer side of the test tube 5, and the pressing assembly includes a fixing frame 24, a fixing tube 25 and a threaded rod 26, wherein the fixing frame 24 is shaped as seen in the Y direction in fig. 1 in this embodiment, the lower end of the fixing frame 24 is fixed on the upper surface wall of the fixing plate 4, the axis of the fixing tube 25 is vertically arranged, and the lower end of the fixing tube is fixed on the upper surface wall of the fixing frame 24. The upper end of the threaded rod 26 is rotatably connected in the fixed tube 25 through a bearing, the axis of the threaded rod 26 coincides with the axis of the fixed tube 25, and the threaded rod 26 rotates around the axis thereof.
Referring to fig. 3, the lower end of the threaded rod 26 passes through the fixing tube 25, and the lower end of the threaded rod 26 also passes through the fixing frame 24, and a first bevel gear 27 is fixed to the lower end of the threaded rod 26, and the axis of the first bevel gear 27 coincides with the axis of the threaded rod 26. The first bevel gear 27 is located in the enclosed space of the stationary pipe 25. The fixed plate 4 is provided with a driving motor 29, the outer shell of the driving motor 29 is fixed on the fixed plate 4, the rotating shaft of the driving motor 29 is horizontally arranged, a second bevel gear 28 is fixed on the rotating shaft of the driving motor 29, and the axis of the second bevel gear 28 is coincident with the axis of the rotating shaft of the driving motor 29. The second bevel gear 28 is engaged with the first bevel gear 27, and the driving motor 29 drives the threaded rod 26 to rotate.
Referring to fig. 3, the threaded rod 26 is threaded with a sleeve 30, the sleeve 30 is located in the fixed tube 25, the sleeve 30 is a circular tube, the axis of the sleeve 30 coincides with the axis of the threaded rod 26, a linkage block 31 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the sleeve 30, a sliding groove 32 is formed in the side wall of the fixed tube 25, the linkage block 31 is movably clamped in the sliding groove 32, the sliding groove 32 extends vertically, and the linkage block 31 and the sleeve 30 can only move vertically.
Referring to fig. 3, the fixed tube 25 is sleeved with a steering tube 33, the steering tube 33 is rotatably connected to the upper surface wall of the linkage block 31, and when the linkage block 31 moves vertically, the steering tube 33 can also move vertically, and at the same time, the steering tube 33 can also rotate around the axis of the threaded rod 26 relative to the linkage block 31.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, a strut 34 is fixed on the outer wall of the steering tube 33, the strut 34 is transversely arranged, a first connecting tube 35 is arranged at one end, far away from the steering tube 33, of the strut 34, the axis of the first connecting tube 35 is vertically arranged, the first connecting tube 35 is a circular tube, and the circumferential outer wall of the first connecting tube 35 is fixedly connected with the strut 34. The first connecting pipe 35 is internally provided with a guide rod 36, the guide rod 36 is vertically arranged, the first connecting pipe 35 is sleeved on the guide rod 36, the guide rod 36 is movably clamped on the first connecting pipe 35, the guide rod 36 can vertically move relative to the first connecting pipe 35, and the upper end and the lower end of the guide rod 36 respectively penetrate through the upper end and the lower end of the first connecting pipe 35. The lower end of the guide rod 36 is in threaded connection with a threaded sleeve 37, the diameter of the threaded sleeve 37 is larger than or equal to that of the first connecting pipe 35, the lower end of the threaded sleeve 37 is fixedly connected with a pressure disc 38, the pressure disc 38 is a disc, the axis of the pressure disc 38 is coincident with the axis of the guide rod 36, and the diameter of the pressure disc 38 is smaller than or equal to the inner diameter of the sample barrel 5; the diameter of the pressure disk 38 is greater than the upper end dimension of the sample. In the initial state, the height of the pressure disk 38 is higher than the upper surface wall of the test cartridge 5, and the axis of the pressure disk 38 coincides with the axis of the test cartridge 5.
A return spring 39 is arranged between the upper surface wall of the screw sleeve 37 and the lower surface wall of the first connecting pipe 35, the return spring 39 is always in a compressed state, the return spring 39 is sleeved on the guide rod 36, the upper end of the return spring 39 is abutted with the lower end of the first connecting pipe 35, and the lower end of the return spring 39 is abutted with the upper surface wall of the screw sleeve 37. The upper end threaded connection of guide bar 36 has nut 40, and nut 40 diameter is greater than the diameter of first connecting pipe 35 upper end, and under reset spring 39's elasticity effect, the lower surface wall of nut 40 and the upper surface wall butt of first connecting pipe 35 prevent guide bar 36, swivel nut 37 and pressure disk 38 as a whole from coming off on the first connecting pipe 35. The surface wall of the pressure disk 38 is provided with a plurality of second through holes 41, and the aperture of the second through holes 41 is smaller than the diameter of the smallest particles of the sample, so that the sample is prevented from leaking from the second through holes 41.
The sample is cylindrical, and the flexible film material is arranged on the circumferential outer wall of the sample, but the seepage of water in the sample is not affected. The testing process of the rock-soil sample by adopting the device is as follows:
the support column 21 of the placement table 20 is placed on the upper surface wall of the carrier plate 18, and the placement tray 22 is placed horizontally.
When the clamping motor 8 is started, the clamping motor 8 drives the elliptical protruding block 9 to rotate (less than one circle), and in the process that the long axis of the protruding block 9 is gradually parallel to the X direction, the protrusions at the two ends of the long axis of the protruding block 9 push the driving plates 11 at the two sides to move back to back along the X direction. The drive plate 11 will push the connecting rod to rotate, the connecting rod rotates around the second shaft 14, the first shaft rotates relative to the drive plate 11, and thus the two clamping blocks 17 mutually approach to clamp the circumferential outer wall of the support column 21. When it is observed that the clamping block 17 is not moved any more (i.e., when the clamping motor 8 starts to be locked), the operator manually turns off the clamping motor 8, the clamping motor 8 has a self-locking function, and the clamping block 17 maintains a state of always clamping the support column 21, so that the movement of the placing table 20 is prevented from affecting the test result.
The test sample and the flexible material are put into the test tube 5 together, the axis of the cylindrical test sample is vertically arranged, the lower surface wall of the test sample is abutted against the upper surface wall of the placing disc 22, the flexible material is abutted against the inner wall of the test tube 5, and the flexible material and the inner wall of the test tube 5 are ensured to be kept in a sealing state.
The driving motor 29 is started, the driving motor 29 drives the first bevel gear 27 to rotate through the second bevel gear 28, the first bevel gear 27 drives the threaded rod 26 to rotate, the threaded rod 26 rotates relative to the fixed pipe 25 around the axis of the threaded rod, and the sleeve 30 is in threaded connection with the threaded rod 26, and the linkage block 31 is clamped in the sliding groove 32 of the fixed pipe 25, so that the linkage block 31 does not rotate along with the rotation of the threaded rod 26, and the sleeve 30 and the linkage block 31 can only move vertically.
The linkage block 31 is rotationally connected with the steering tube 33, so that the steering tube 33 is downwards moved by downwards moving the linkage block 31, and the steering tube 33 is connected with the pressure disc 38 through the supporting rod 34; therefore, the driving motor 29 drives the pressure disk 38 to move downward until the lower surface wall of the pressure disk 38 enters the test cartridge 5 and abuts against the upper end of the sample; the lower end of the sample is abutted against the upper surface wall of the placement tray 22. A pressure sensor is fixed to the lower surface of the pressure disk 38 for monitoring the pressure of the pressure disk 38 against the sample. Water is introduced from the water inlet pipe 6, flows into the sample through the second through hole 41 of the pressure plate 38, flows out of the first through hole 23 of the placement table 20 from the lower end of the sample, and finally flows out of the water outlet pipe 7.
Continuously downwards moving the pressure disk 38, and recording the flow of the water inlet pipe 6 and the water outlet pipe 7 measured by the flow meter when the pressure sensor is at different pressure values; and establishing a one-to-one correspondence by combining the height (known) of the sample, the cross-sectional area (known) of the sample and the height difference (measured on the sample barrel) of the water head, and calculating the permeability coefficient through a permeability coefficient calculation formula. In the subsequent conclusion analysis, for discussion and analysis, the sample was subjected to changes in permeability coefficient at different pressure values.
When the sample is taken out:
the drive motor 29 is rotated in reverse to allow the pressure disc 38 to move upward until the pressure disc 38 is above the upper surface wall of the cartridge, and then the operator manually rotates the steering tube 33. The steering tube 33 can be rotated about the axis of the fixed tube 25 relative to the linkage block 31 until the steering tube 33 and the pressure disk 38 are rotated to a position that does not interfere with the removal of the sample from the test cartridge 5.
Specifically, the steering tube 33 is rotated, and the steering tube is rotated around the axis of the fixed tube 25; the strut 34, the pressure plate 38, etc. are rotated in accordance with the rotation of the steering tube 33. The friction between the steering tube 33 and the linkage block 31 is set to be large, so that the steering tube 33 can not rotate freely under the action of external force, and can only rotate under the manpower. The sample and flexible material are then removed from the cartridge 5.
The clamp motor 8 is reversely started (the rotation number is smaller than half a circle), and the long axis of the lug 9 rotates from being close to the angle parallel to the X direction to being close to the angle parallel to the Y direction. In this process, the two ends of the long axis direction of the bump 9 do not collide with the driving plate 11 gradually (the two ends of the short axis direction of the bump 9 collide with the driving plate 11 gradually), because the first spring 19 is always in a compressed state, after the two ends of the long axis direction of the bump 9 do not collide with the driving plate 11, under the elastic force of the first spring 19, the first spring 19 makes the two driving plates 11 approach each other, the driving plate 11 makes the connecting rod rotate reversely around the second shaft 14, so that the two clamping blocks 17 release the supporting column 21, and after the operator observes that the clamping blocks 17 release the supporting column 21, the operator can take out the whole placing table 20 from the test barrel 5.
After taking out the placing table 20, the placing table 20 with different specifications can be replaced, and the placing tables 20 with different specifications are different in that the heights of the support columns 21 are different. The placing tables 20 with different specifications are replaced, and the heights of the upper end and the lower end of the sample, the water inlet pipe 6 and the water outlet pipe 7 are changed. Thus, a comparative test (a test of two sets of placing tables 20 with different heights) can be performed, and preparation is made for the follow-up study of the influence of the height of the placing tables 20 on the permeability coefficient.
After a new placement stage 20 is placed, the above steps are repeated, and the pressure sensor performs an influence test on the permeability coefficient at different pressure values.
With the above-described preferred embodiments according to the present invention as an illustration, the above-described descriptions can be used by persons skilled in the relevant art to make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the technical idea of the present invention. The scope of the invention is not limited by the description, but must be determined from the scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A device for testing the influence of seepage pressure on the strength of rock and soil, which is characterized by comprising a bottom plate, a test cylinder and a pressure disc; the upper surface wall of the bottom plate is fixedly provided with a plurality of vertical rods, the vertical rods are vertically arranged, the plurality of vertical rods are sleeved with fixing plates, the fixing plates are horizontally arranged, and the fixing plates are fixed on the plurality of vertical rods;
the test tube is fixed on the upper surface wall of the fixed plate, and the test tube is provided with a lower bottom wall and an upper top wall; a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe are fixed on the test cylinder, the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are communicated with the test cylinder, a placing table for bearing the sample is arranged in the test cylinder, a plurality of first through holes are formed in the placing table, the water inlet pipe is higher than the upper end of the sample, and the water outlet pipe is lower than the lower end of the sample;
the pressure disc is provided with a plurality of second through holes; the lower surface wall of the pressure disc is provided with a pressure sensor; the bottom plate is provided with a pressing component for enabling the pressure disc to be abutted against the upper end of the sample; the fixed plate is provided with a bearing component for clamping the placing table.
2. The apparatus for testing the effect of seepage pressure on the strength of rock and soil according to claim 1, wherein the pressing assembly comprises a fixing frame, and the lower end of the fixing frame is fixed on the upper surface wall of the fixing plate; the upper surface wall of the fixing frame is fixed with a fixing pipe, and the axis of the fixing pipe is arranged vertically; the fixed pipe is rotationally connected with a threaded rod, and a driving motor for driving the threaded rod to rotate is fixed on the fixed plate;
the threaded rod is connected with a sleeve through threads, and the sleeve is positioned in the fixed pipe; the outer wall of the sleeve is fixedly connected with a linkage block, the side wall of the fixed pipe is provided with a sliding groove, the linkage block is movably clamped in the sliding groove, the sliding groove is vertically extended, and the linkage block and the sleeve can vertically move;
the linkage block is provided with a steering pipe, a supporting rod is fixed on the steering pipe, the steering pipe is sleeved on the fixed pipe, and the pressure disc is connected to the supporting rod.
3. A device for testing the effect of osmotic pressure on the strength of rock and soil according to claim 2, wherein the steering tube is rotatably connected to the upper surface wall of the linkage block and is rotatable about the axis of the fixed tube.
4. A device for testing the effect of seepage pressure on the strength of rock and soil according to claim 3, wherein the support rod is fixedly provided with a first connecting pipe, and the axis of the first connecting pipe is arranged vertically; the first connecting pipe is internally provided with a guide rod, the first connecting pipe is sleeved on the guide rod, the guide rod is movably clamped on the first connecting pipe, and the guide rod can move vertically relative to the first connecting pipe; the upper end and the lower end of the guide rod respectively penetrate out of the upper end and the lower end of the first connecting pipe correspondingly, the lower end of the guide rod is connected with a threaded sleeve in a threaded manner, and the pressure disc is fixed at the lower end of the threaded sleeve;
a reset spring is arranged between the upper surface wall of the screw sleeve and the lower surface wall of the first connecting pipe, and is always in a compressed state, and the reset spring is sleeved on the guide rod; the upper end of the return spring is abutted with the lower end of the first connecting pipe, and the lower end of the return spring is abutted with the upper surface wall of the screw sleeve; the upper end threaded connection of guide bar has the nut, under reset spring's elasticity effect, the lower surface wall of nut and the upper surface wall butt of first connecting pipe.
5. The device for testing the impact of seepage pressure on the strength of rock and soil according to claim 4, wherein the bearing assembly comprises a clamping motor, a connecting frame and two groups of connecting rod assemblies with the same structure; the shell of the clamping motor is fixed on the lower surface wall of the fixed plate, the axis of the rotating shaft of the clamping motor is arranged vertically, the rotating shaft of the clamping motor penetrates through the fixed plate and the test cylinder, the top end of the rotating shaft of the clamping motor is positioned in the test cylinder, the rotating shaft of the clamping motor is sleeved with a lug, and the rotating shaft of the clamping motor can rotate relative to the fixed plate and the test cylinder;
the connecting frame is fixed in the test cylinder, the shape of the connecting frame is , and the opening of the connecting frame faces upwards;
the two groups of connecting rod assemblies are symmetrically arranged on a plane where the axis of the rotating shaft of the clamping motor is located, and the plane is parallel to two corresponding vertical plates of the connecting frame; the connecting rod assembly comprises driving plates, the driving plates are vertically arranged, the lower ends of the driving plates are movably clamped on the connecting frame, the driving plates can move along the direction perpendicular to the vertical plates, the convex blocks are positioned between the two driving plates, long rods are arranged on the driving plates, and the long rods are rotationally connected with the driving plates through first shafts;
the long rod is integrally provided with a short rod at one end far away from the driving plate, the short rod and the long rod form an L-shaped connecting rod together, two connecting plates are fixed at the upper end of the connecting frame, and the middle position of the connecting rod is rotationally connected to the connecting plates through a second shaft; the surface wall of the connecting frame is provided with a strip-shaped hole for the connecting rod to pass through; one end of the connecting rod, which is far away from the driving plate, is fixed with a clamping block; one side of the driving plate, which is opposite to the protruding block, is provided with a first spring, one end of the first spring is fixedly connected with the surface wall of the driving plate, the other end of the first spring is fixedly connected with the surface wall corresponding to the connecting frame, and the first spring is always in a compressed state.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the cross-section of the bump is elliptical.
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