CN116837424A - Electrochemical additive manufacturing device and method for improving quality of workpiece - Google Patents
Electrochemical additive manufacturing device and method for improving quality of workpiece Download PDFInfo
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- CN116837424A CN116837424A CN202310937434.3A CN202310937434A CN116837424A CN 116837424 A CN116837424 A CN 116837424A CN 202310937434 A CN202310937434 A CN 202310937434A CN 116837424 A CN116837424 A CN 116837424A
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 230000005499 meniscus Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 28
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- LAIZPRYFQUWUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel chloride hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ni+2] LAIZPRYFQUWUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- OGKAGKFVPCOHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OGKAGKFVPCOHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101100408464 Caenorhabditis elegans plc-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003685 thermal hair damage Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D1/00—Electroforming
- C25D1/003—3D structures, e.g. superposed patterned layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an electrochemical additive manufacturing device and method for improving the quality of a workpiece, wherein the device comprises a printing loop, a shaft platform, an electrolyte tank, a current collecting device and a controller, the printing loop comprises a power supply, a nozzle, an anode and a cathode substrate, the anode is inserted into the electrolyte of the nozzle, the power supply is respectively connected with the anode and the cathode substrate, and the nozzle forms a meniscus connected between the tip of the nozzle and the cathode substrate when the tip of the nozzle is close to the cathode substrate; the shaft platform is connected with the nozzle and used for driving the nozzle to move so as to print a workpiece on the cathode substrate according to a track of a set path; the electrolyte tank is communicated with the nozzle and is used for supplying electrolyte to the pipette; the current acquisition device is connected with the printing loop and is used for acquiring the current value flowing through the meniscus; the controller is respectively connected with the current acquisition device and the shaft platform. The invention can print the workpiece within the defined current threshold range, and can monitor whether the meniscus is broken or not, thereby improving the quality of the workpiece.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of additive manufacturing, in particular to an electrochemical additive manufacturing device and method for improving the quality of a workpiece.
Background
The electrochemical additive manufacturing technology is a relatively new printing technology, and mainly generates a metal structure by electrochemical reduction of metal ions in electrolyte to a conductive substrate. The technology has the advantages that various materials and alloys are deposited under certain conditions, thermal damage is not caused, and meanwhile, the cost is saved to a great extent.
The inventors of the present patent application have discovered that in the meniscus limited electrochemical deposition technique, the small current generated by the nozzle meniscus can vary during printing depending on the meniscus conditions, and that either too much or too little current can affect the quality of the electrochemical additive manufactured article. It is therefore desirable to provide an electrochemical additive manufacturing apparatus and method that can improve the quality of the article.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the related technology, and provides an electrochemical additive manufacturing device for improving the quality of a workpiece, which can print the workpiece within a defined current threshold range and can monitor whether a meniscus is broken or not so as to improve the quality of the workpiece.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an electrochemical additive manufacturing apparatus for improving the quality of a part, comprising:
the printing loop comprises a power supply, a nozzle, an anode and a cathode substrate, wherein the anode is inserted into electrolyte of the nozzle, the power supply is respectively connected with the anode and the cathode substrate, and the nozzle forms a meniscus connected between the tip of the nozzle and the cathode substrate when the tip of the nozzle is close to the cathode substrate;
the shaft platform is connected with the nozzle and used for driving the nozzle to move so as to print a workpiece on the cathode substrate according to a preset path track;
an electrolyte tank communicated with the nozzle for supplying electrolyte to the pipette;
the current acquisition device is connected with the printing loop and is used for acquiring the current value flowing through the meniscus;
the controller is respectively connected with the current acquisition device and the shaft platform and is used for controlling the shaft platform to drive the nozzle to move upwards to enable the current value to be smaller than the first current value when the current value exceeds the first current value, and the meniscus is not damaged; and controlling the shaft platform to drive the nozzle to move upwards to break the meniscus when the current value is smaller than a second current value, wherein the first current value is larger than the second current value.
Further, in order to adjust the temperature of the electrolyte according to the requirement to meet various printing requirements, the electrochemical additive manufacturing device for improving the quality of the workpiece further comprises a temperature acquisition device for acquiring the temperature value of the electrolyte in the electrolyte tank; wherein,,
the electrolyte tank is arranged on the shaft platform, the nozzle is arranged in the electrolyte tank and is surrounded by electrolyte in the electrolyte tank, the tip end passes through the electrolyte tank in a sealing way, and the peripheral wall of the electrolyte tank is provided with a heating layer and a heat preservation layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside;
the controller is respectively connected with the temperature acquisition device and the heating layer and is used for controlling the heating layer to work according to the temperature value so as to enable the temperature of electrolyte in the electrolyte tank to be maintained in a preset temperature interval.
Further, the electrolyte tank is communicated with the spray head through a liquid extraction pipe, a heat insulation layer is wrapped outside the liquid extraction pipe, and a liquid extraction pump is arranged on the liquid extraction pipe.
Further, the cathode substrate is a copper plate or a stainless steel plate.
Further, the nozzle is a pipette.
The invention also provides an electrochemical material adding method for improving the quality of the workpiece, which comprises the following steps:
collecting a current value of a meniscus formed between the nozzle tip and the cathode substrate during printing of the article along the predetermined path trajectory;
moving the nozzle up to a value that is less than the first current value without damaging the meniscus if the current value exceeds the first current value;
and moving the nozzle up to rupture the meniscus if the current value is less than a second current value, the first current value being greater than the second current value.
Further, moving the nozzle up to rupture the meniscus further comprises:
repositioning the nozzle tip to form a new meniscus with the cathode substrate at the last printing position, and continuing to print according to the track of the established path.
Further, an electrochemical additive method for improving the quality of a part further comprises:
the temperature of the electrolyte in the nozzle is controlled to be within a preset range during printing of the article along the predetermined path trajectory.
Further, the controlling the temperature of the electrolyte in the nozzle to be within a preset range includes:
collecting the temperature value of electrolyte in an electrolyte tank;
controlling the operation of a heating layer in the electrolyte tank according to the temperature value; wherein,,
the nozzle is mounted in the electrolyte tank and surrounded by electrolyte in the electrolyte tank, the tip is sealed through the electrolyte tank, and the electrolyte tank and the nozzle move synchronously.
After the technical scheme is adopted, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the magnitude of the meniscus current, the invention controls the nozzle to move up and down, if the real-time current formed by the meniscus exceeds a user threshold, the nozzle is controlled to automatically and slowly move up to enable the current to be reduced below a set point, if a feedback signal is small enough, the nozzle acts to destroy the formed meniscus, the current stops flowing, the nozzle is repositioned, and the nozzle and a cathode substrate form a new meniscus at the last position, the invention can realize printing a workpiece within the current threshold defined by the user, can also monitor the meniscus condition, if the meniscus condition is broken, the meniscus condition is adjusted in time, thereby improving the deposition quality and achieving the purpose of improving the quality of the workpiece;
2. the invention can meet the requirements of electrochemical additive manufacturing at different electrolyte temperatures, has the advantages of easily controlled process, convenient operation and low cost, and can inject new vitality for electrochemical additive manufacturing with different requirements at low cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electrochemical additive manufacturing apparatus for improving the quality of a part according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a process for electrochemical additive manufacturing at ambient temperature;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a process for electrochemical additive manufacturing at high temperature;
FIG. 5 is a scanning electron microscope image of the electrolyte at 20℃for preparing a nickel coating;
FIG. 6 is a scanning electron microscope image of the electrolyte at 60℃for preparing a nickel coating;
in the figure: 1-a PLC programmable controller; 2-a stepper motor; 3-axis platform; 4-liquid pump; 5-a heat insulation layer; 6-anode; 7-pipette; 8-an electrolyte tank; 9-a digital display temperature control table; 10-a current acquisition device; 11-a cathode substrate; 12-electrolyte; fig. 5 (a) and (b) represent scanning electron micrographs at two multiples; fig. 6 (a) and (b) represent scanning electron micrographs at two multiples.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be more readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments that are illustrated in the appended drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, an electrochemical additive manufacturing apparatus for improving the quality of a part, comprising:
a printing circuit including a power source, a nozzle 7, an anode 6 and a cathode substrate 11, the anode 6 being inserted in an electrolyte 12 of the nozzle 7, the power source being connected to the anode 6 and the cathode substrate 11, respectively, the nozzle 7 forming a meniscus connected between its tip and the cathode substrate 11 when its tip is close to the cathode substrate 11;
the shaft platform 3 is connected with the nozzle 7 and is used for driving the nozzle 7 to move so as to print a workpiece on the cathode substrate 11 according to a preset path track;
an electrolyte tank 8 communicating with the nozzle 7 for supplying an electrolyte 12 to the pipette;
the current acquisition device 10 is connected with the printing loop and is used for acquiring the current value flowing through the meniscus;
the controller is respectively connected with the current acquisition device 10 and the shaft platform 3 and is used for controlling the shaft platform 3 to drive the nozzle 7 to move upwards until the current value is smaller than the first current value when the current value exceeds the first current value, and the meniscus is not damaged; and when the current value is smaller than the second current value, the control shaft platform 3 drives the nozzle 7 to move upwards to break the meniscus, and the first current value is larger than the second current value.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the nozzle 7 is controlled to move up and down according to the magnitude of the meniscus current, if the real-time current formed by the meniscus exceeds the user threshold, the nozzle 7 is controlled to move up automatically and slowly, so that the current is reduced below the set point, if the feedback signal is small enough, the nozzle 7 acts to destroy the formed meniscus, the current stops flowing, the nozzle 7 is repositioned, the nozzle 7 and the cathode substrate 11 are controlled to form a new meniscus at the last position, the meniscus has different shape changes during the movement, the faraday current is dynamically changed, the faraday current determines the amount of charge exchanged at the interface, thereby determining the amount of plating material and the rate of crystal nucleation, so that a stable and well-defined current range is established, and a uniform growth structure can be obtained for the printed product.
At present, the electrolyte 12 adopted by the electrochemical additive manufacturing device is used for realizing additive manufacturing by dissolving and recycling the components at normal temperature, for example, 3D metallic copper parts are printed by using the electrochemical additive manufacturing device at normal temperature in the national institute of london, uk, and some european scholars precisely control the electrochemical printing process in an automatic manner to generate a 3D nano-scale copper structure, but still perform additive manufacturing at normal temperature, which has a certain limitation. Based on this, in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, an electrochemical additive manufacturing apparatus for improving the quality of an article further includes a temperature acquisition device for acquiring a temperature value of the electrolyte 12 in the electrolyte tank 8; wherein,,
the electrolyte tank 8 is arranged on the shaft platform 3, the nozzle 7 is arranged in the electrolyte tank 8 and is surrounded by electrolyte 12 in the electrolyte tank 8, the tip end of the nozzle passes through the electrolyte tank 8 in a sealing manner, and the peripheral wall of the electrolyte tank 8 is provided with a heating layer and a heat preservation layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside;
the controller is respectively connected with the temperature acquisition device and the heating layer and is used for controlling the heating layer to work according to the temperature value so as to maintain the temperature of the electrolyte 12 in the electrolyte tank 8 within a preset temperature interval.
Considering that the nozzle 7 is small, the nozzle 7 is directly heated, and is not easy to realize, even if the nozzle is realized, even if the nozzle is slightly heated, the electrolyte 12 in the nozzle is suddenly changed, which is not beneficial to temperature control, the nozzle is placed in the electrolyte tank 8, and the nozzle 7 is heated by adopting a mode of heating the electrolyte 12 in the electrolyte tank 8, so that on one hand, the method is easy to implement, and on the other hand, the temperature of the electrolyte 12 in the nozzle 7 is beneficial to be maintained in a preset range, thereby improving the printing quality.
As shown in FIG. 1, the controller can comprise a PLC programmable controller 1 and a digital display temperature control table 9, wherein the PLC programmable controller is used for controlling the shaft platform 3 to drive the electrobath 8 and the nozzle 7 to move up and down according to the current value, and the digital display temperature control table 9 is used for controlling the heating layer to work according to the temperature value.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the electrolyte tank 8 is communicated with the spray head through a liquid extraction pipe, the heat insulation layer 5 is wrapped outside the liquid extraction pipe, and the liquid extraction pump 4 is arranged on the liquid extraction pipe.
The cathode substrate 11 is a copper plate or a stainless steel plate.
The nozzle 7 is a pipette.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, an electrochemical additive method for improving the quality of a part includes:
collecting the current value of a meniscus formed between the tip of the nozzle 7 and the cathode substrate 11 during printing of the article along a predetermined path trajectory;
in the case where the current value exceeds the first current value, the nozzle 7 is moved up to a value smaller than the first current value without damaging the meniscus;
in the case where the current value is smaller than the second current value, the nozzle 7 is moved up to rupture the meniscus, the first current value being larger than the second current value.
In one embodiment, after moving the nozzle 7 up to rupture the meniscus, it further comprises:
the tip of the nozzle 7 is repositioned so that a new meniscus is formed between the tip of the nozzle 7 and the cathode substrate 11 at the last printing position, and printing is continued according to the predetermined path trajectory.
In one embodiment, an electrochemical additive method of improving the quality of an article further comprises:
the temperature of the electrolyte 12 in the nozzle 7 is controlled to be within a preset range during the printing of the article along the predetermined path trajectory.
In one embodiment, controlling the temperature of the electrolyte 12 within the nozzle 7 to be within a preset range includes:
collecting the temperature value of the electrolyte 12 in the electrolyte tank 8;
controlling the operation of a heating layer in the electrolyte tank 8 according to the temperature value; wherein,,
the nozzle 7 is mounted in the electrolyte tank 8 and surrounded by electrolyte 12 in the electrolyte tank 8, the tip seal passing through the electrolyte tank 8, the electrolyte tank 8 and the nozzle 7 moving synchronously.
The technical scheme related to the embodiment is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, an electrochemical additive manufacturing apparatus for improving the quality of a part, the structure of which includes: the power supply, the PLC (programmable logic controller) 1, the triaxial stepper motor 2, the shaft platform 3, the liquid pump 4, the heat insulation layer 5, the anode 6, the nozzle 7, the electrolyte tank 8, the digital display temperature control meter 9, the current acquisition device 10, the cathode substrate 11 and the electrolyte 12, wherein the nozzle 7 adopts a pipette, and the power supply adopts a direct current stabilized voltage power supply. The PLC 1 takes FX3U of Mitsubishi as a control core, is connected with the triaxial stepping motor 2 to drive the shaft platform 3, and drives the nozzle 7 and the electrolyte tank 8 to move according to a preset path track; the liquid pump 4 is an electric liquid pump, one end of the liquid pump 4 is communicated with the inside of the electrolyte tank 8 through a liquid pump pipe, the other end of the liquid pump 4 is led into the rear opening of the pipette through the liquid pump pipe, electrolyte is circularly provided for the pipette to supplement the metal ion amount consumed in the pipette, and the outside of the liquid pump pipe is wrapped with the heat insulation layer 5, so that the heat exchange between the liquid in the pipe and the outside is avoided, and the current temperature of the electrolyte is maintained; an anode 6, one end of which is introduced from a rear opening of the pipette and is mounted inside the electrolyte of the pipette, and maintains a proper pole spacing with the cathode substrate 11, and the other end of which is connected with a direct current stabilized power supply, so that the cathode substrate 11 and the anode 6 directly form a stabilized voltage loop; the pipette is a pipetting microtube with an opening diameter of 0.4mm, and the pipette is filled with a required metal electrolyte 12; the electrolyte tank 8 is fixed at the installation position of the pipette 7, the outside is a heat insulation layer, the inside is a heating layer, and the electrolyte tank 8 moves together with the pipette along a programmed path; the digital display temperature control table 9 controls the real-time temperature of the electrolyte tank 8; the collecting ends of the current collecting device 10 are respectively connected with the upper end of the electrode 6 and one side of the cathode substrate 11, when the nozzle 7 is suspended in the air, no current is measured, when the tip of the nozzle 7 is close to the substrate 11, a meniscus is formed, a current path is completed, the electrodeposition process is started, and the obtained signal is a small current signal formed by the meniscus in the printing process; the cathode substrate 11 is a metal substrate such as a copper substrate, a stainless steel substrate, or the like; the electrolyte is a metal ion electrolyte.
As shown in fig. 2, in the material adding device, a mitsubishi FX3U series PLC is used as a control core, a man-machine interaction device (touch screen) is MT8051iE type and connected with the PLC through an RS485 communication protocol, and the current collecting device 10 transmits current information data through an a/D digital-to-analog conversion channel and reads and writes the current information data by the PLC, so that the nozzle 7 is adjusted in real time during printing.
Example two
An electrochemical additive manufacturing method with current feedback and temperature control adopts the electrochemical additive manufacturing device for improving the quality of a workpiece in the first embodiment, and the normal-temperature preparation method of the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps (taking electrochemical additive manufacturing as an example):
as shown in fig. 3:
(1) An electrolyte solution is prepared, and the electrolyte 12 adopts a watt nickel solution and consists of 488g/L nickel sulfate heptahydrate (NiSO 47H 2O), 30g/L nickel chloride hexahydrate (NiCl 6H 2O) and 10g/L boric acid (H3 BO 3). Deionized water was added to the powder and the mixed solution was placed on a magnetic stirrer for stirring. The pH of the electrolyte was adjusted to 4.5 by adding a 20% sulfuric acid solution using a pH meter.
(2) Copper plates (150×150×1.5mm in size) were used as the material of the cathode substrate 11. The surface of the cathode substrate 11 was polished with sandpaper (W5, W8, W10, W20) and a 1 μm diamond medium in this order until no scratches were visible on the surface of the cathode substrate 11. Subsequently, the polished cathode substrate 11 was ultrasonically cleaned for 30 minutes, then activated in 20% dilute hydrochloric acid (analytically pure) for 1 minute, and finally washed with deionized water.
(3) Adding a watt nickel solution into the electrolyte tank 8, and adding a proper amount of watt nickel solution into the pipette by controlling the liquid suction pump 4;
(4) The anode 6 is arranged in a watt nickel electrolyte 12 in a pipette, the polar distance between the anode 6 and a cathode substrate 11 is adjusted to be 5mm, the anode 6 and the cathode substrate 11 side are connected with a direct current stabilized power supply to obtain a stabilized voltage, the voltage is set to be 2V, on the other hand, the anode 6 and the cathode substrate 11 are connected with a high-precision current acquisition device 10, relevant printing parameters are input through a plc man-machine interaction interface, a current threshold value is defined, and printing is prepared;
(5) The PLC programmable controller 1 sends out a printing command, the cycle number is 10 times, namely 10 layers are printed, the moving speed of the pipette according to a preset track is set to be 0.2mm/s, the three-axis stepping motor 2 drives the platform 3 to drive the pipette and the electrolyte tank 8 to move, when the electrolyte meniscus at the tip of the nozzle 7 of the pipette contacts the cathode substrate 11, the nickel coating is deposited layer by layer on the cathode substrate 11 by the tip of the nozzle 7, the small current of the meniscus fed back during printing is larger than a first current value which is predefined, the PLC programmable controller 1 sends out the command to control the pipette to slowly move upwards, but does not destroy the meniscus until the fed back current value is smaller than the first current value which is predefined, if the fed back current value is smaller than a second current value which is predefined, the PLC programmable controller 1 sends out the command to control the pipette to move upwards, so that the meniscus breaks, the tip of the nozzle 7 is suspended in air, the new meniscus is formed with the last printing position of the cathode substrate 11 according to a preset track, and the process is repeated until the nickel coating with the area of 10 times 10mm and 10 layers is printed.
Example III
An electrochemical additive manufacturing method with current feedback and temperature control adopts the electrochemical additive manufacturing device for improving the quality of a workpiece in the first embodiment, and the high-temperature preparation method of the embodiment specifically comprises the following steps (taking electrochemical additive manufacturing for nickel workpieces as an example):
as shown in fig. 4:
(1) An electrolyte solution is prepared, and the electrolyte 12 adopts a watt nickel solution and consists of 488g/L nickel sulfate heptahydrate (NiSO 47H 2O), 30g/L nickel chloride hexahydrate (NiCl 6H 2O) and 10g/L boric acid (H3 BO 3). Deionized water was added to the powder and the mixed solution was placed on a magnetic stirrer for stirring. The pH of the electrolyte was adjusted to 4.5 by adding a 20% sulfuric acid solution using a pH meter.
(2) Copper plates (150×150×1.5mm in size) were used as the material of the cathode substrate 11. The substrate surface was polished with sandpaper (W5, W8, W10, W20) and 1 micron diamond media in order until no scratches were visible on the surface of the cathode substrate 11. Subsequently, the polished cathode substrate 11 was ultrasonically cleaned for 30 minutes, then activated in 20% dilute hydrochloric acid (analytically pure) for 1 minute, and finally washed with deionized water.
(3) Adding a watt nickel solution 12 into an electrolyte tank 8, starting a digital display temperature control table 9, setting the heating temperature to be 60 ℃, keeping constant after heating to 60 ℃, and adding a proper amount of the watt nickel solution with the temperature of 60 ℃ into a pipette by controlling a liquid pump 4;
(4) The anode 6 is arranged in a watt nickel electrolyte 12 in a pipette, the polar distance between the anode 6 and a cathode substrate 11 is adjusted to be 5mm, the electrode 6 is connected with a direct current stabilized power supply on the side of the cathode substrate 11 to obtain a stabilized voltage, the voltage is set to be 2V, on the other hand, the anode 6 is connected with a high-precision current acquisition device 10, relevant printing parameters are input through a plc human-computer interaction interface, a current threshold value is defined, and printing is prepared;
(5) The PLC programmable controller 1 sends out a printing command, the cycle number is 10 times, namely 10 layers are printed, the moving speed of a pipette according to a pre-programmed track is set to be 0.2mm/s, the three-axis stepping motor 2 drives the platform 3 to drive the pipette and the electrolyte tank 8 to move, when the electrolyte meniscus at the tip of the nozzle 7 contacts the cathode substrate 11, a nickel coating layer is deposited layer by layer on the cathode substrate 11 at the tip of the nozzle 7, the small current of the meniscus fed back during printing is larger than a pre-defined first current value, the PLC programmable controller 1 sends out the command to control the pipette to slowly move upwards, but does not destroy the meniscus until the fed back current value is smaller than the pre-defined first current value, if the fed back current value is smaller than a pre-defined second current value, the PLC programmable controller 1 sends out the command to control the pipette to move upwards, so that the meniscus is broken, the tip of the nozzle 7 is suspended in air, a new meniscus is formed at the last printing position with the cathode substrate 11, and the printing process is continued according to a square programming path until the nickel coating layer with the area of 10X 10mm and the temperature of the electrolyte layer of 60 ℃ is printed.
With the electrochemical additive manufacturing device for improving the quality of the manufactured piece in the first embodiment, two square nickel coatings with the area of 10×10mm and the number of 10 layers, which are manufactured by electrochemical additive under the conditions of the temperature of the electrolyte 12 at 20 ℃ and the temperature of the electrolyte 12 at 60 ℃, are prepared, and the morphology of the scanning electron microscope is shown in fig. 5 and 6, and the morphology of the scanning electron microscope is obvious at a microscopic level. In fig. 5, at the temperature of the electrolyte 12 of 20 ℃, the surface morphology is a plurality of small particles, and circular particle deposits of ni2+ are distributed on the surface of the cathode substrate 11. However, at an electrolyte temperature of 60 ℃, the surface morphology of the printed Ni coating was no longer spherical, but instead pyramidal, small crystals with pyramidal shape were observed, resulting in bright deposits, which well illustrates the microstructural differences of the printed coating at different electrolyte temperatures. It has also been found that the reduced nickel coating forms a dense layer with a dense and uniform surface and no significant defects have been found, and it has been found that the present invention can effectively improve the deposition quality of electrochemical additive manufacturing articles and can meet the requirements for electrochemical additive manufacturing at different electrolyte temperatures.
With the above-described preferred embodiments according to the present invention as an illustration, the above-described descriptions can be used by persons skilled in the relevant art to make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the technical idea of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the description, but must be determined according to the scope of claims.
Claims (9)
1. An electrochemical additive manufacturing device for improving the quality of a workpiece is characterized in that,
comprising the following steps:
a printing loop comprising a power supply, a nozzle (7), an anode (6) and a cathode substrate (11), wherein the anode (6) is inserted into an electrolyte (12) of the nozzle (7), the power supply is respectively connected with the anode (6) and the cathode substrate (11), and the nozzle (7) forms a meniscus connected between the tip of the nozzle and the cathode substrate (11) when the tip of the nozzle is close to the cathode substrate (11);
the shaft platform (3) is connected with the nozzle (7) and is used for driving the nozzle (7) to move so as to print a workpiece on the cathode substrate (11) according to a preset path track;
an electrolyte tank (8) communicating with the nozzle (7) for supplying electrolyte (12) to the pipette;
a current acquisition device (10) connected to the printing loop for acquiring the value of the current flowing through the meniscus;
the controller is respectively connected with the current acquisition device (10) and the shaft platform (3) and is used for controlling the shaft platform (3) to drive the nozzle (7) to move upwards until the current value is smaller than the first current value and the meniscus is not damaged when the current value exceeds the first current value; and when the current value is smaller than a second current value, controlling the shaft platform (3) to drive the nozzle (7) to move upwards to break the meniscus, wherein the first current value is larger than the second current value.
2. An electrochemical additive manufacturing apparatus for improving the quality of a manufactured article according to claim 1,
the device also comprises a temperature acquisition device, which is used for acquiring the temperature value of the electrolyte (12) in the electrolyte tank (8); wherein,,
the electrolyte tank (8) is arranged on the shaft platform (3), the nozzle (7) is arranged in the electrolyte tank (8) and is surrounded by electrolyte (12) in the electrolyte tank (8), the tip end passes through the electrolyte tank (8) in a sealing way, and the peripheral wall of the electrolyte tank (8) is provided with a heating layer and a heat preservation layer which are sequentially arranged from inside to outside;
the controller is respectively connected with the temperature acquisition device and the heating layer and is used for controlling the heating layer to work according to the temperature value so as to enable the temperature of the electrolyte (12) in the electrolyte tank (8) to be maintained in a preset temperature interval.
3. An electrochemical additive manufacturing apparatus for improving the quality of a manufactured article according to claim 2,
the electrolyte tank (8) is communicated with the spray head through a liquid extraction pipe, the liquid extraction pipe is externally wrapped with a heat insulation layer (5), and the liquid extraction pipe is provided with a liquid extraction pump (4).
4. An electrochemical additive manufacturing apparatus for improving the quality of a manufactured article according to claim 1,
the cathode substrate (11) is a copper plate or a stainless steel plate.
5. An electrochemical additive manufacturing apparatus for improving the quality of a manufactured article according to claim 1,
the nozzle (7) is a pipette.
6. An electrochemical material-increasing method for improving the quality of a workpiece is characterized in that,
comprising the following steps:
collecting a current value of a meniscus formed between the tip of the nozzle (7) and the cathode substrate (11) during printing of the article along a predetermined path trajectory;
moving up the nozzle (7) to a value which is less than the first current value without damaging the meniscus, in case the current value exceeds the first current value;
and moving the nozzle (7) up to rupture the meniscus if the current value is less than a second current value, the first current value being greater than the second current value.
7. An electrochemical additive process for improving the quality of a part according to claim 6,
after moving the nozzle (7) up to rupture the meniscus, further comprising:
repositioning the tip of the nozzle (7) so that a new meniscus is formed between the tip of the nozzle (7) and the cathode substrate (11) at the last printing position, and continuing to print according to the determined path track.
8. An electrochemical additive process for improving the quality of a part according to claim 6,
further comprises:
the temperature of the electrolyte (12) in the nozzle (7) is controlled within a preset range during the printing of the article along the predetermined path trajectory.
9. An electrochemical additive process for improving the quality of a part according to claim 8,
the control of the temperature of the electrolyte (12) in the nozzle (7) within a preset range comprises:
collecting a temperature value of electrolyte (12) in an electrolyte tank (8);
controlling the operation of a heating layer in the electrolyte tank (8) according to the temperature value; wherein,,
the nozzle (7) is arranged in the electrolyte tank (8) and is surrounded by electrolyte (12) in the electrolyte tank (8), the tip end passes through the electrolyte tank (8) in a sealing way, and the electrolyte tank (8) and the nozzle (7) synchronously move.
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| CN202310937434.3A CN116837424A (en) | 2023-07-28 | 2023-07-28 | Electrochemical additive manufacturing device and method for improving quality of workpiece |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118028943A (en) * | 2024-04-09 | 2024-05-14 | 苏州太阳井新能源有限公司 | Electroplating spray head and electrochemical 3D printing device |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118028943A (en) * | 2024-04-09 | 2024-05-14 | 苏州太阳井新能源有限公司 | Electroplating spray head and electrochemical 3D printing device |
| CN118028943B (en) * | 2024-04-09 | 2024-06-21 | 苏州太阳井新能源有限公司 | Electroplating spray head and electrochemical 3D printing device |
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