CN116837346B - Cutter with TiBN coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Cutter with TiBN coating and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116837346B
CN116837346B CN202311110337.3A CN202311110337A CN116837346B CN 116837346 B CN116837346 B CN 116837346B CN 202311110337 A CN202311110337 A CN 202311110337A CN 116837346 B CN116837346 B CN 116837346B
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coating
tibn
tib
tool
tin
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CN116837346A (en
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成伟
邱联昌
廖星文
朱骥飞
谭卓鹏
殷磊
高阳
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Ganzhou Achteck Tool Technology Co ltd
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Ganzhou Achteck Tool Technology Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C16/00Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
    • C23C16/22Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
    • C23C16/30Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23BTURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of machining tools, and particularly relates to a tool with a TiBN coating and a preparation method thereof, wherein the coating at least comprises a layer of TiBN coating, the TiBN coating comprises 50-60 at.% of boron and 5-15 at.% of nitrogen, and TiB in the TiBN coating 2 The phase composition of the TiBN coating comprises close-packed hexagonal structure HCP-TiB 2 FCC-TiN with face-centered cubic structure, tiBN coating has TiB 2 The high hardness of (C) and the high TiN binding force are good, and especially the binding force with the coating containing N element and/or B element is better. The invention can form a composite coating with better comprehensive performance, widens the application range of the TiBN coating, and the preparation method of the TiBN coating is simple, has good effect and is easy for industrial production.

Description

Cutter with TiBN coating and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of machining tools, and particularly relates to a tool with a TiBN coating and a preparation method thereof.
Background
TiN coatings are earlier used coatings, and as the performance of TiN coatings gradually fails to meet the processing requirements with industry development, the addition of other elements to TiN coatings is a convenient and efficient way to improve the performance of TiN coatings. Wherein, the boron doped TiN coating can improve the hardness, the wear resistance, the oxidation resistance and the like of the coating, but the boron content in the coating cannot be too high so as not to influence the main component and the structure-face-centered cubic TiN crystal form in the TiBN coating. And when the boron content is high, the composition structure of the coating is complex, the performance of the TiBN coating is also drastically reduced, and detailed research reports of the TiBN coating with high boron content are obtained.
TiB 2 Is hexagonal crystal structure and is the most stable compound of boron and titanium, and boron atoms and titanium atoms are combined through covalent bonds, thus determining TiB 2 Is a substance with extremely stable chemical properties, has extremely high hardness and wear resistance, can be kept stable in a high-temperature environment, does not generate phase change, and has higher thermal stability. However, tiB 2 The coating has the defects of poor toughness, large residual stress, low bonding strength of the coating and the like, and limits TiB to a certain extent 2 Is a practical application range of the above-mentioned device.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the main purpose of the invention is to provide a cutter with a TiBN coating and a preparation method thereof, and retain TiB 2 The advantages of the layer solve the defects of poor toughness, large residual stress, low bonding strength of the coating and the like, and meanwhile, the TiBN coating is coated along the TiB 2 The preferred orientation growth of the (110) crystal face improves the wear resistance of the coating.
In order to solve the technical problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, the following technical solutions are provided:
a cutter with TiBN coating comprises a cutter substrate and a coating with the thickness of 2-20 mu m, which is prepared on the substrate by a CVD method;
the coating is a single-layer or multi-layer coating and at least comprises a TiBN coating, wherein the TiBN coating comprises 50-60 at.% of boron and 5-15 at.% of nitrogen, and TiB in the TiBN coating 2 And (5) preferentially growing on the (110) crystal face.
As a preferred embodiment of the TiBN coated tool according to the present invention, wherein: the phase composition of the TiBN coating comprises close-packed hexagonal structure HCP-TiB 2 A small amount of FCC-TiN in face-centered cubic structure.
As a preferred embodiment of the TiBN coated tool according to the present invention, wherein: the thickness of the TiBN coating is 1-6 mu m, and the microhardness of the TiBN coating is more than or equal to 40GPa.
As a preferred embodiment of the TiBN coated tool according to the present invention, wherein: the texture coefficient TC (110) of the TiBN coating is more than or equal to 2, and preferably the texture coefficient TC (110) is more than or equal to 4.
As a preferred embodiment of the TiBN coated tool according to the present invention, wherein: the coating may also include a coating comprisingOther coatings of nitrogen and/or boron-containing elements, said other coatings of nitrogen and/or boron-containing elements being TiN, tiCN, tiNO, tiCNO, tiAlCNO, tiB 2 At least one of TiBNO, tiAlN, tiCBN, alN, alCN, alCNO, alNO coatings.
As a preferred embodiment of the TiBN coated tool according to the present invention, wherein: a bonding layer is further arranged between the cutter substrate and the coating, and the thickness of the bonding layer is 0.1-1.0 mu m; the bonding layer is a hard coating containing nitrogen, preferably at least one of a TiN coating and a TiCN coating, and more preferably a TiN coating.
In order to solve the above technical problems, according to another aspect of the present invention, the following technical solutions are provided:
a preparation method of a cutter with a TiBN coating adopts a CVD method, and the TiBN coating comprises N under the conditions of 750-950 ℃ and 4-90 mbar 2 、NH 3 、N 2 H 4 At least one of H 2 、TiCl 4 、BCl 3 Ar is used as a raw material.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention provides a tool with a TiBN coating and a preparation method thereof, wherein the coating at least comprises one layer of TiBN coating, the TiBN coating comprises 50-60 at.% of boron and 5-15 at.% of nitrogen, and TiB in the TiBN coating 2 The phase composition of the TiBN coating comprises close-packed hexagonal structure HCP-TiB 2 FCC-TiN with face-centered cubic structure, tiBN coating has TiB 2 The high hardness of (C) and the high TiN binding force are good, and especially the binding force with the coating containing N element and/or B element is better. The invention can form a composite coating with better comprehensive performance, widens the application range of the TiBN coating, and the preparation method of the TiBN coating is simple, has good effect and is easy for industrial production.
Detailed Description
The following description will be made clearly and fully with reference to the technical solutions in the embodiments, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a cutting tool with a TiBN coating and a preparation method thereof, and the cutting tool has the following advantages:
(1) Unlike the conventional CVD process, the TiBN coating has low B content of 50-60 at%, limited N content of 5-15 at%, and thus the closely packed hexagonal HCP-TiB structure may be maintained effectively 2 For the main structure of the coating, tiB is reserved 2 High hardness, high temperature stability, self-lubricating property, chemical inertness and the like. At the same time, N doping can form FCC-TiN with face-centered cubic structure in the TiBN layer, which can solve TiB 2 Poor toughness, large residual stress, poor coating binding force and the like. Therefore, the TiBN coating of the invention has higher wear resistance, thereby improving the service life.
(2) TiB in TiBN coating of the invention 2 The preferential orientation along the (110) crystal plane direction allows the TiBN coating to exhibit a lower wear rate when in use, particularly with a significant increase in resistance to groove wear and/or flank wear.
(3) The nano hardness of the TiBN layer is not lower than 40GPa, so that the wear resistance of the coating is ensured.
(4) The TiBN coating provided by the invention has the TiB function 2 The high hardness of (C) and the high TiN binding force are good, and especially the binding force with the coating containing N element and/or B element is better. Therefore, the invention can form a composite coating with better comprehensive performance, widens the application range of the TiBN coating, and the preparation method of the TiBN coating is simple, has good effect and is easy for industrial production.
According to one aspect of the invention, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a coated cutter comprises a cutter substrate and a coating layer with the thickness of 2-20 mu m, which is prepared on the substrate by a CVD method;
the coating is a single-layer or multi-layer coating and at least comprises a TiBN coating layer, wherein the TiBN coating layerThe layer contains 50 to 60at.% boron and 5 to 15at.% nitrogen, tiB in TiBN coating 2 And (5) preferentially growing on the (110) crystal face.
Preferably, the phase composition of the TiBN coating comprises a close-packed hexagonal structure HCP-TiB 2 A small amount of FCC-TiN in face-centered cubic structure. At N contents above 15at.%, the face-centered cubic FCC-TiN ratio in the TiBN coating increases, resulting in a predominantly close-packed hexagonal HCP-TiB 2 The lattice distortion is too large, and the hardness of the coating is reduced; at N contents below 5at.%, only closely packed hexagonal HCP-TiB is observed in the TiBN coating 2 The crystalline phase, but the coating is loose due to the incorporation of nitrogen element, and the hardness of the coating is also drastically reduced. Therefore, in the TiBN coating, the content of N is 5-15 at%; the XRD pattern of the TiBN coating mainly shows a close-packed hexagonal structure HCP-TiB 2 Therefore, adopts close-packed hexagonal structure HCP-TiB 2 The PDF card of (c) calculates the texture coefficients. The results indicate that the close-packed hexagonal structure HCP-TiB in the TiBN coating 2 The preferred orientation growth of the phase along the (110) crystal plane, the extent of which can be characterized by a texture coefficient, TC, defined by the harris formula:
wherein:
i (hkl) is the reflection intensity of the (hkl) crystal plane measured by XRD;
I 0 (hkl) is the standard intensity of the diffraction reflection according to PDF card number 35-0741;
n is the number of reflective crystal planes used in the calculation;
the (hkl) reflective crystal faces used are (001), (100), (101), (110), (102), (111); preferably, the textured coated cutting tool has a longer service life than other non-textured coated cutting tools. For the TiBN coating provided by the invention, when the texture coefficient TC (110) is more than or equal to 2, especially the preferred orientation of the texture coefficient TC (110) is more than or equal to 4, the coating has better wear resistance.
Preferably, the thickness of the TiBN coating is 1-6 mu m, and the microscopic of the TiBN coatingThe hardness is more than or equal to 40GPa. In the field of cutting processing, people always pursue coating materials with high hardness and good toughness, the cutting tools can cut the materials (usually, the cutting tools with the hardness more than 3 times of that of the materials to be processed are used for processing the materials), and the processing precision is ensured; the toughness is good, and the cutter can resist high-frequency impact during cutting and ensure the bonding strength between the coating and the matrix and between the coating and the matrix. However, it is often difficult to achieve both hardness and toughness, such as a TiN coating prepared by a CVD method has high toughness, but the hardness is less than 20GPa, making it difficult to meet the requirements; tiB prepared by CVD method 2 The hardness of the coating is more than 50GPa, and the coating is one of the hardest coating materials, but the coating has poor toughness and large brittleness, and is easy to peel off, so that the coating is difficult to apply. The conventional method for preparing the TiCN coating by the CVD method is to dope TiC with N or dope TiN with C, so that the TiCN coating prepared by the CVD method has high hardness of TiC and high toughness of TiN, and meanwhile, under certain toughness conditions, the high hardness can improve the wear resistance of the coating and prolong the service life of a cutter, so that the TiCN coating prepared by the CVD method is not degraded in the coating field. Similarly, the TiBN coating of the invention is N-doped with TiB by CVD 2 And obtain TiBN coating with toughness of TiN and TiB 2 The hardness of the TiBN coating is not less than 40GPa under the condition of certain toughness, the wear resistance of the coating is improved, and the service life of the cutter is prolonged.
Preferably, the coating may also comprise a further coating containing nitrogen and/or boron, the further coating containing nitrogen and/or boron being TiN, tiCN, tiNO, tiCNO, tiAlCNO, tiB 2 At least one of TiBNO, tiAlN, tiCBN, alN, alCN, alCNO, alNO coatings.
Preferably, a bonding layer is further arranged between the cutter substrate and the coating, and the thickness of the bonding layer is 0.1-1.0 mu m; the bonding layer is a hard coating containing nitrogen, preferably at least one of a TiN coating and a TiCN coating, and more preferably a TiN coating.
According to another aspect of the invention, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a cutter with a TiBN coating adopts a CVD method, and the TiBN coating comprises N under the conditions of 750-950 ℃ and 4-90 mbar 2 、NH 3 、N 2 H 4 At least one of H 2 、TiCl 4 、BCl 3 Ar is used as a raw material. Wherein the N element in the TiBN coating is from N 2 、NH 3 、N 2 H 4 At least one, preferably N 2
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below by combining specific embodiments.
Example 1
A method for preparing a tool with a TiBN coating, comprising a cemented carbide tool substrate and a coating comprising at least one TiBN coating prepared by a CVD method on the substrate; the cemented carbide composition was 6.0wt% Co,1.0wt% cubic carbide and the balance WC, the tool geometry was CNMA 120408E-KD5. The coating of example 1 consisted of bonding layers TiN (about 0.5 μm) and TiBN (about 3 μm) and the process parameters for the coating preparation are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Comparative examples 1 to 3
The difference from example 1 is that,
the process parameters for the preparation of TiBN coatings are different as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 1 is that,
the coating of comparative example 4 consists of bonding layers TiN (about 0.5 μm) and TiB 2 (about 3 μm) and the process parameters for the preparation of the coating are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 Table 3
TiBN coating or TiB of comparative example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 4 2 The coatings were tested for composition, nano-hardness and bond strength. The components were tested using wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), the light elements B and N were tested using WDS, and the Ti element was tested using EDS. The nano hardness of the coating is tested by a nano indentation instrument; the bond strength was measured using a scratch tester. The test results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 Table 4
As can be seen from Table 4, the bonding strength of both example 1 and comparative example 1 exceeded 100N, which is much higher than that of comparative examples 2 to 4. In comparative example 4, the element atomic ratio Ti: b=1:2, conforming to TiB 2 Is a stoichiometric formula of (1); in comparative example 1, the atomic ratio of the elements Ti (b+n) =1:1, similar to the atomic ratio Ti: n=1:1 in TiN, indicates that the host is FCC-TiN of face-centered cubic structure, with a small number of N atoms in the cubic phase being replaced by B atoms; in example 1 and comparative examples 2 to 3, the atomic ratio of element Ti (B+N) =1:2, to TiB 2 The atomic ratio of Ti to B=1 to 2 is similar, indicating that the main body is close-packed hexagonal structure HCP-TiB 2 There are a small number of B atoms in the hexagonal phase replaced by N atoms. In addition, the nano hardness of the TiBN layer in example 1 is 46 GPa as compared with TiB in comparative example 4 2 The hardness of the layer is slightly reduced by 48 GPa, and the hardness of the TiBN layer in comparative example 1 is 32 GPa, which is obviously different from that in example 1. From the data of comparative examples 2-3, it can be seen that when the N content is greater than 15 at% or less than 5 at%, both the TiBN layer hardness and the bond strength are greatly reduced. In combination, the TiBN layer of the present invention has high hardness and bond strength.
The intensities of the peaks in the coatings of example 1 and comparative example 4 and standard intensity cards are shown in table 5.
TABLE 5
The Texture Coefficients (TC) of the respective diffraction peaks of example 1 and comparative example 4 are calculated as shown in table 6.
TABLE 6
As can be seen from Table 6, in example 1, tiB of TiBN layer 2 The phase is oriented along the (110) crystal face direction, the texture coefficient is TC= 5.298, and the phase has obvious strong texture; tiB in comparative example 4 2 The layer texture coefficient is small, and no obvious TC value exists, which indicates that no obvious preferred orientation exists.
The cutting performance of the coated cutting tools of example 1 and comparative examples 1-4 was tested as follows:
wherein, the test conditions are as follows:
cutting tool: WC-Co cemented carbide turning tool (CNMA 120408E-KD 5)
Processing materials: stainless steel 316L
Cutting parameters:
cutting speed: v (V) C =250m/min
Feeding: fz=0.25 mm/z
Cutting depth: ap=1.0 mm
The cutting mode is as follows: continuous wet cutting
The measurement results of the wear amount Vb (unit mm) of the rear cutting face of the blade after cutting for different times are shown in Table 7, and when Vb is not less than 0.30mm, the blade is invalid, and the cutting is stopped. The amount of blade flank wear was measured using an OLYMPUS SZ61 optical super depth of field microscope with a graduated scale.
TABLE 7
Comparative example 4, immediately after initial use, the coating flaked off, indicating TiB 2 The film-base bonding force of the layer is not good. From Table 7 for comparison, the coating of example 1 has significant advantages in terms of wear resistance and tool life, as seen during the experimentTiB with a strong texture was observed 2 The TiBN coating of the phase can effectively resist the hot cracks generated in the cutting process of the cutter, and is beneficial to prolonging the service life of the cutter; the TiBN layer has better resistance to groove wear and/or flank wear than conventional TiBN layers.
The coating of the tool at least comprises a TiBN coating, wherein the TiBN coating comprises 50-60 at.% of boron and 5-15 at.% of nitrogen, and TiB in the TiBN coating 2 The phase composition of the TiBN coating comprises close-packed hexagonal structure HCP-TiB 2 FCC-TiN with face-centered cubic structure, tiBN coating has TiB 2 The high hardness of (C) and the high TiN binding force are good, and especially the binding force with the coating containing N element and/or B element is better. The invention can form a composite coating with better comprehensive performance, widens the application range of the TiBN coating, and the preparation method of the TiBN coating is simple, has good effect and is easy for industrial production.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by the content of the present invention or direct/indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The tool with the TiBN coating is characterized by comprising a tool substrate and a coating with the thickness of 2-20 mu m, which is prepared on the substrate by a CVD method;
the coating is a single-layer or multi-layer coating and at least comprises a TiBN coating, wherein the TiBN coating comprises 50-60 at.% of boron and 5-15 at.% of nitrogen, and TiB in the TiBN coating 2 Preferentially growing on the (110) crystal face; the texture coefficient TC (110) of the TiBN coating is more than or equal to 2.
2. The tool with the TiBN coating according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the TiBN coating is 1-6 mu m, and the microhardness of the TiBN coating is more than or equal to 40GPa.
3. The TiBN coated tool of claim 1, wherein the texture coefficient TC (110) of the TiBN coating is ∈4 or more.
4. The TiBN coated tool of claim 1, the coating further comprising a further coating comprising nitrogen and/or boron elements, the further coating comprising nitrogen and/or boron elements being TiN, tiCN, tiNO, tiCNO, tiAlCNO, tiB 2 At least one of TiBNO, tiAlN, tiCBN, alN, alCN, alCNO, alNO coatings.
5. The tool with the TiBN coating according to claim 1, wherein a bonding layer is further included between the tool substrate and the coating, and the thickness of the bonding layer is 0.1-1.0 μm; the bonding layer is a nitrogen-containing hard coating.
6. The TiBN coated tool of claim 5, wherein the nitrogen-containing hard coating is at least one of a TiN, tiCN coating.
7. A method for producing a TiBN coated tool as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the TiBN coating is produced by a CVD method at 750 to 950 ℃ and 4 to 90mbar to include N 2 、NH 3 、N 2 H 4 At least one of H 2 、TiCl 4 、BCl 3 Ar is used as a raw material.
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US4835062A (en) * 1985-04-11 1989-05-30 Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Protective coating for metallic substrates
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CN114196940A (en) * 2021-12-06 2022-03-18 赣州澳克泰工具技术有限公司 Composite coating cutter and preparation method and application thereof
CN116445891A (en) * 2022-04-29 2023-07-18 烟台艾迪锐能超硬刀具有限公司 Differential texture reconstruction coating cutter and preparation method thereof
CN116555725A (en) * 2023-07-10 2023-08-08 赣州澳克泰工具技术有限公司 CVD (chemical vapor deposition) coating cutting tool and preparation method thereof

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US4835062A (en) * 1985-04-11 1989-05-30 Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Protective coating for metallic substrates
GB9424105D0 (en) * 1993-12-06 1995-01-18 Beck August Gmbh Co Cutting tools
CN114196940A (en) * 2021-12-06 2022-03-18 赣州澳克泰工具技术有限公司 Composite coating cutter and preparation method and application thereof
CN116445891A (en) * 2022-04-29 2023-07-18 烟台艾迪锐能超硬刀具有限公司 Differential texture reconstruction coating cutter and preparation method thereof
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