CN116836064A - Novel method for synthesizing cyclohexylamine by directly hydroamination of cyclohexyl acetate - Google Patents
Novel method for synthesizing cyclohexylamine by directly hydroamination of cyclohexyl acetate Download PDFInfo
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- CN116836064A CN116836064A CN202310542512.XA CN202310542512A CN116836064A CN 116836064 A CN116836064 A CN 116836064A CN 202310542512 A CN202310542512 A CN 202310542512A CN 116836064 A CN116836064 A CN 116836064A
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- cyclohexylamine
- catalyst
- cyclohexyl acetate
- synthesizing
- acetate
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- PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylamine Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1 PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- YYLLIJHXUHJATK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1CCCCC1 YYLLIJHXUHJATK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000005913 hydroamination reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005595 acetylacetonate group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001649 bromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene Chemical compound C1CCC=CC1 HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 22
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NJNQUTDUIPVROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrocyclohexane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1CCCCC1 NJNQUTDUIPVROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- UNFUYWDGSFDHCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N monochlorocyclohexane Chemical compound ClC1CCCCC1 UNFUYWDGSFDHCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 2
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical class C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexanamine Chemical compound CCCCCCN BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium acetate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001639 calcium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005147 calcium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011092 calcium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007036 catalytic synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013064 chemical raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012295 chemical reaction liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper nickel Chemical class [Ni].[Cu] YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(ii) acetate Chemical compound [Cu+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPQARKPSCNTWTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001546 nitrifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012434 nucleophilic reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010534 nucleophilic substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010057 rubber processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004148 unit process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C209/04—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups
- C07C209/14—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups by substitution of hydroxy groups or of etherified or esterified hydroxy groups
- C07C209/16—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups by substitution of hydroxy groups or of etherified or esterified hydroxy groups with formation of amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/80—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with zinc, cadmium or mercury
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/01—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C211/16—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a saturated carbon skeleton containing rings other than six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C211/17—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a saturated carbon skeleton containing rings other than six-membered aromatic rings containing only non-condensed rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
- C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
- C07C2601/14—The ring being saturated
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a novel process for directly synthesizing cyclohexylamine from cyclohexyl acetate and preparation and application of a catalyst thereof. The catalyst takes metal Cu or Ni as main catalytic active component, al 2 O 3 、SiO 2 、TiO 2 Or active carbon and the like are used as carriers, and Zn, ca, mg, sr, ba, K, zr and other oxides are added to modify the carrier, wherein the main active component and the auxiliary modification component of the catalyst can be compounded in any ratio. The catalyst is suitable for synthesizing the cyclohexane by directly carrying out hydro-amination on the raw materials of the cyclohexyl acetate and the ammonia gas, can save the amination process for preparing the cyclohexanol by hydrolyzing the cyclohexyl acetate, simplifies the operation flow of the method for preparing the cyclohexane by taking the cyclohexene as the initial raw material, and reduces the production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of production of organic chemical raw materials, and relates to a catalyst which takes metal Cu or Ni as a main catalytic active component and Al as an active component 2 O 3 、SiO 2 、TiO 2 And active carbon and the like are used as carriers, oxide such as Zn, ca, mg, sr, ba, K, zr and the like are added as auxiliary active components to regulate the micro-environment on the surfaces of the carriers, and a series of copper-and nickel-containing supported heterogeneous catalysts are prepared by a deposition-precipitation method and are used for catalyzing the direct amination of cyclohexyl acetateA novel method for synthesizing cyclohexylamine.
Background
Cyclohexylamine is an important chemical raw material in organic synthesis, is widely used for synthesizing chemicals such as dyes, medicines, rubber processing aids and the like, and is also a key intermediate of products such as a synthetic desulfurizing agent, a corrosion inhibitor, a vulcanization accelerator, an emulsifying agent, an antistatic agent, a latex coagulant, an anticorrosive agent, a bactericide, an insecticide and the like. In recent years, the continuous application of these downstream products derived from cyclohexylamine brings new development opportunities to the production of cyclohexylamine, and the demand thereof is also in an increasing trend year by year.
Currently, there are five industrial processes for synthesizing cyclohexylamine: benzene nitration-hydrogenation process, benzene chlorination-hydrogenation-amination process, benzene partial hydrogenation-amination process, cyclohexane nitration-hydrogenation process, cyclohexane oxidation-amination process. Benzene nitration-hydrogenation processes, which are currently the most dominant route for the industrial production of cyclohexylamine, use first of all mixed strong acids (H 2 SO 4 -HNO 3 ) Nitrifying benzene to obtain nitrobenzene, then carrying out high-temperature catalytic hydrogenation to obtain aniline, and finally carrying out reductive hydrogenation on the aniline to obtain cyclohexylamine (Greenfield H, hydrogenation of aniline to cyclohexylamine with platinum metal catalysts, the Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1964, 29 (10): 3082-3084). The synthesis of the raw material aniline requires the use of a large amount of highly toxic and corrosive mixed acid, the equipment load is large, and a large amount of wastewater is generated in the treatment process. Benzene is used as a starting material in the benzene chlorination-hydrogenation-amination process, firstly benzene and chlorine are continuously chlorinated under the action of a catalyst to obtain chlorobenzene, then the chlorobenzene is subjected to hydrogenation reaction to obtain chlorocyclohexane, and finally the chlorocyclohexane is subjected to substitution reaction with ammonia gas to prepare cyclohexylamine (Tao Xiong, qian Zhang, new amination strategies based on nitrogen-centered radical chemistry, chem. Soc. Rev., 2016, 45, 3069-3087). In the amination reaction of chlorocyclohexane, ammonia gas is used as a nucleophilic reagent to carry out nucleophilic substitution with chlorocyclohexane to obtain the product cyclohexylamine, and the alkali or acid catalyst can be used for catalysis. The basic catalyst is usually sodium or potassium, while the acidic catalyst comprises phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid, so the process is costly andthe selectivity of the product is difficult to control and is gradually eliminated in industrial production. The benzene partial hydrogenation-amination process is to hydrogenate benzene selectively to prepare cyclohexene, and then the cyclohexene and molecular ammonia are subjected to amination reaction directly through an acid catalyst to prepare cyclohexylamine. In the process, cyclohexene is directly aminated, and the problems of harsh reaction conditions, low amine yield and the like still exist, so that the amination reaction still has difficulty in realizing industrial production. For example, wen et al use HZSM-5 with a silica to alumina ratio of 38 to catalyze the one-step amination of cyclohexene to cyclohexylamine (Wen J., you K., liu X., et al Highly selective one-step catalytic amination of cyclohexene to cyclohexylamine over HZSM-5. Catalysis Communications, 2019, 127:64-68), which indicated an NH at 260℃of 10.5 MPa 3 Under the reaction condition of (2) the yield of cyclohexene is only 4.3%, and the rochanter adopts an alkali treatment-heavy-crystallization method to prepare a series of ZSM-5 molecular sieves with different silicon-aluminum ratios for catalyzing the gas-phase amination of cyclohexene to synthesize cyclohexane in one step (rochanter, catalytic synthesis research of cyclohexane and nitrocyclohexane, hunan university of standardization, 2021). Experimental results show that the ZSM-5 molecular sieve with the silicon-aluminum ratio of 45-55 is prepared at 300 ℃ and 8 MPa N 2 Under the reaction conditions of pressure, the yield of cyclohexene was 4.1%.
Cyclohexane nitration-hydrogenation processes use cyclohexane as the starting material, nitrocyclohexane is produced by gas phase nitration of cyclohexane, and then nitrocyclohexane is reduced and hydrogenated to give the cyclohexane product (B.Hass, E.B. Hodge, B.M. Vanderbilt, industrial and Enginerring Chemistry, 1936, 28, 339-344; kowalewski E, krawczyk M, S ł owik G, et al, continuous-flow hydrogenation of nitrocyclohexane toward value-added products with CuZnAl hydrotalcite derived materials, applied Catalysis A: general, 2021, 618: 118134). The process has the advantages of mild hydrogenation condition, high product yield, simple operation and low pollution, and has the defects of difficult preparation of nitrocyclohexane raw materials and need of corrosive HNO 3 And NO 2 The gas phase is nitrified by high-temperature gas phase, and the components of the nitrified product are complex, so the process has high separation energy consumption and high production cost. The cyclohexane oxidation-amination process is to prepare cyclohexane alcohol and cyclohexanone (KA oil) by catalyzing air oxidation of cyclohexane and molecular oxygen with soluble cobalt saltThe latter KA oil is hydroaminated with ammonia under the action of a catalyst to give the product cyclohexylamine (Becker J, niederer J P M, keller M, et al Amination of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol/cyclohexanone in the presence of ammonia and hydrogen using copper or a group VIII metal supported on a carrier as the catalyst, applied Catalysis A: general, 2000, 197 (2): 229-238). In order to achieve higher KA oil selectivity, the single-pass conversion rate of the cyclohexane oxidation to KA oil in the process is less than 8%, so that the process problems of high material consumption and high energy consumption exist. At present, in order to solve the technical bottleneck of preparing KA oil by oxidizing cyclohexane, china petrochemical industry Co., ltd. Petrochemical industry scientific institute develops a method for preparing cyclohexene by partially hydrogenating benzene based on Japanese Asahi chemical industry, and then the cyclohexene is reacted with acetic acid to prepare cyclohexyl acetate, and then the cyclohexyl is industrially prepared by further advanced hydrolysis, but the process still has complex reaction unit process. Under the increasing environmental awareness and the great background of the national advocate of green chemical process, the direct hydro-ammoniation synthesis of cyclohexane by taking cyclohexyl acetate as a raw material is a new technical route of atomic economy (figure 1).
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at solving the problems that the current technological process of cyclohexylamine in China is complex, especially the production process can produce environmental pollution, and the quality of the product is not high. The method has the advantages of wide raw material sources, simplified operation, reduced production cost, greatly improved resource utilization, and solves the problems of environmental pollution, harsh reaction conditions and the like.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the main catalytic active components in the heterogeneous catalyst are acetate, chloride, bromide, oxalate, nitrate, sulfate and acetylacetone complex of Cu or Ni; the surface microenvironment is regulated to K 2 O、La 2 O 3 、CeO 2 And auxiliary components such as alkaline earth metal oxide derived from phaseCorresponding acetate, chloride, bromide, oxalate, nitrate, sulfate, and acetylacetonate complexes; the catalyst section is Al 2 O 3 、SiO 2 、TiO 2 And one or more mixtures of activated carbon as a carrier.
Specifically, the load type Al containing copper, zinc and calcium 2 O 3 The preparation method of the catalyst sequentially comprises the following steps: a) Copper acetate, zinc acetate and calcium acetate with different molar ratios are dissolved in 50 parts by weight of deionized water and stirred at room temperature to form a mixed solution; b) 4 parts by weight of Al at 50 DEG C 2 O 3 Adding into a round-bottom flask, and adding 50 parts by weight of deionized water; c) The mixed solution of the metal salt was added dropwise to the round-bottomed flask and stirred for about 10 minutes, followed by dropwise addition of 1 mol/L Na 2 CO 3 The aqueous solution of (2) is such that the pH of the mixed solution is greater than 9; d) Aging at 50deg.C 6 h, filtering, drying at 60deg.C overnight, and calcining at 400deg.C 4 h. e) The catalyst was named Cu according to the molar ratio of copper, zinc, calcium x Zn y Ca z /Al 2 O 3 。
The invention aims at realizing the following steps: in a fixed bed reactor, raw materials of cyclohexyl acetate, ammonia and hydrogen pass through a bed layer filled with the catalyst, the temperature of the catalyst bed layer is controlled to be 200-300 ℃, the reaction time is controlled to be 0-300 h, and cyclohexylamine is prepared by selectively ammonifying the cyclohexyl acetate continuously.
The reaction temperature can be 100-450 ℃, preferably 200-300 ℃, and the reaction time can be 0.1-3000 h, preferably 0.5-2500 h, the reaction pressure is between normal pressure and 8 MPa, preferably between normal pressure and 3 MPa, and the flow of hydrogen and ammonia can be any ratio.
There is no report on the preparation method of the present invention in the literature in the prior art, and the method is used for preparing cyclohexylamine by directly ammonifying cyclohexyl acetate, ammonia and hydrogen at normal pressure. Not only can the process be simplified and the cost be reduced, but also the resource utilization rate can be greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 novel process for preparing cyclohexylamine from cyclohexyl acetate.
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to be limiting.
Example 1: ammonia gas flow 40 mL/min, hydrogen gas flow 90mL/min, cyclohexyl acetate continuously injected by plunger type advection pump (3 mL/min), and reaction liquid entering Cu after vaporization in preheating section 1 Zn 1 Ca 1 /Al 2 O 3 The catalyst bed layer is reacted, the reaction temperature is 260 ℃, the reaction time is 9 and h at normal pressure, and the product is condensed by ice bath and enters a collecting bottle. The product was analyzed by gas phase to give 36.0% conversion of cyclohexyl acetate and 58.0% selectivity of cyclohexylamine.
Example 2: the procedure is as in example 1, except for Cu 1.5 Zn 1 Ca 1 /Al 2 O 3 The conversion of cyclohexyl acetate was 24.8% and the selectivity of cyclohexylamine was 61.4%.
Example 3: the procedure is as in example 1, except for Cu 2 Zn 1 Ca 1 /Al 2 O 3 The conversion of cyclohexyl acetate was 30.8% and the selectivity of cyclohexylamine was 65.6%.
Example 4: the procedure is as in example 1, except for Cu 2 Zn 1 Ba 1 /Al 2 O 3 The conversion of cyclohexyl acetate was 23.1% and the selectivity of cyclohexylamine was 40.0%. Example 5: the procedure is as in example 1, except for Cu 2 Zn 1 Mg 1 /Al 2 O 3 The conversion of cyclohexyl acetate was 21.8% and the selectivity of cyclohexylamine was 51.6%.
Example 6: the procedure is as in example 1, except for Cu 2 Zn 1 Sr 1 /Al 2 O 3 The conversion of cyclohexyl acetate was 31.6% and the selectivity of cyclohexylamine was 29.1%.
Example 7: the procedure is as in example 1, except for Cu 2 Zn 1 K 1 /Al 2 O 3 The conversion of cyclohexyl acetate was 35.0% and the selectivity of cyclohexylamine was 19.5%.
Example 8: the procedure is as in example 1, except for Cu 2 Zn 1 Zr 1 /Al 2 O 3 The conversion of cyclohexyl acetate was 27.3% and the selectivity of cyclohexylamine was 2.6%.
Example 9: the procedure is as in example 1, except for Cu 2 Zn 1.5 Ca 1 /Al 2 O 3 The conversion of cyclohexyl acetate was 35.8% and the selectivity of cyclohexylamine was 75.6%.
Example 10: the procedure is as in example 1, except for Cu 2 Zn 1.5 Ca 1 /Al 2 O 3 The reaction temperature was 250 ℃, the conversion of cyclohexyl acetate was 21.8%, and the selectivity of cyclohexylamine was 69.5%.
Example 11: the procedure is as in example 1, except for Cu 2 Zn 1.5 Ca 1 /Al 2 O 3 The reaction temperature was 270 ℃, the conversion of cyclohexyl acetate was 28.5%, and the selectivity of cyclohexylamine was 73.2%.
Example 12: the procedure is as in example 1, except for Cu 2 Zn 1.5 Ca 1 /Al 2 O 3 The ammonia flow is 30 mL/min, the hydrogen flow is 90mL/min, the conversion rate of the cyclohexyl acetate is 25.6%, and the selectivity of the cyclohexylamine is 65.9%.
Example 13: the procedure is as in example 1, except for Cu 2 Zn 1.5 Ca 1 /Al 2 O 3 The ammonia flow rate is 50 mL/min, the hydrogen flow rate is 90mL/min, the conversion rate of the cyclohexyl acetate is 20.6%, and the selectivity of the cyclohexylamine is 53.1%.
Example 14: the procedure is as in example 1, except for Cu 2 Zn 1.5 Ca 1 /Al 2 O 3 The ammonia flow is 40 mL/min, the hydrogen flow is 60mL/min, the conversion rate of the cyclohexyl acetate is 34.0%, and the selectivity of the cyclohexylamine is 63.8%.
Example 15: the procedure is as in example 1, except for Cu 2 Zn1.5Ca1/Al 2 O 3 The ammonia flow is 30 mL/min, the hydrogen flow is 120mL/min, the conversion rate of the cyclohexyl acetate is 34.0%, and the selectivity of the cyclohexylamine is 71.2%.
Example 16: the procedure is as in example 1, except thatAt Ni 2 Zn 1 Ca 1 /Al 2 O 3 The ammonia flow is 30 mL/min, the hydrogen flow is 120mL/min, the conversion rate of the cyclohexyl acetate is 26.2%, and the selectivity of the cyclohexylamine is 42.1%.
Claims (6)
1. A one-step synthesis method of cyclohexylamine is characterized in that a series of negative cut-off type heterogeneous catalysts containing copper or nickel are prepared by adopting a deposition-precipitation method from cyclohexyl acetate as a raw material, and the cyclohexyl acetate is directly hydroaminated by ammonia gas to form a new one-step synthesis process of cyclohexylamine.
2. A process for synthesizing cyclohexylamine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the main catalytic active components in the catalyst are Cu and Ni acetates, chlorides, bromides, oxalates, nitrates, sulfates and acetylacetonates.
3. The method for preparing the composite solid catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the K is controlled by the surface microenvironment in the catalyst 2 O、La 2 O 3 、CeO 2 And alkaline earth metal oxide, etc., and is derived from corresponding acetate, chloride, bromide, oxalate, nitrate, sulfate, and acetylacetone complex, the catalyst section is Al 2 O 3 、SiO 2 、TiO 2 And one or more mixtures of activated carbon.
4. The preparation method of the composite solid catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the main active component and the modification component can be compounded in any ratio, and the preparation method is characterized in that the mass ratio of acetate to carrier is (0.1-0.9): 1, aging for 2-15 hours, drying overnight at 40-180 ℃, and calcining for 1-20 hours at 300-800 ℃.
5. The method for synthesizing cyclohexylamine according to claim 1, wherein the reaction temperature is 100 to 450 ℃, preferably 200 to 300 ℃, the reaction pressure is between normal pressure and 8 MPa, preferably between normal pressure and 3 MPa, the reaction time is between 0.1 to 3000 hours, preferably between 0.5 to 2500 hours, and the reaction pressure is between normal pressure and 8 MPa, preferably between normal pressure and 3 MPa.
6. The method for synthesizing cyclohexylamine according to claim 1, wherein the flow rate of hydrogen and the flow rate of ammonia can be arbitrarily proportioned.
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