CN116818567A - Dynamic impact damage mechanical property evaluation method for brittle solid material - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for evaluating dynamic impact damage mechanical properties of a brittle solid material, which comprises the steps of establishing a theoretical relation equation between pressure and deformation borne by the brittle solid material under the action of uniaxial dynamic impact compression load, drawing a change curve of which the compressive stress is firstly increased and then decreased along with the compressive strain according to the equation, and evaluating the deformation and strength mechanical properties of different brittle solid materials under the influence of different external dynamic impact loads through the curve; by adopting a Hopkinson pressure bar power impact test instrument, a power impact compression load is acted on a brittle solid material sample, a single-shaft compression stress and compression strain relation curve of the solid material is measured, and the equation can be used for further evaluating and predicting fracture mechanical properties of different solid materials in different stress states, so that a certain theoretical support can be provided for brittle solid material engineering design, construction and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solid mechanical engineering, in particular to a dynamic impact damage mechanical property evaluation method for a brittle solid material.
Background
Brittle solid materials are a material widely used in different engineering fields, such as civil engineering, aerospace engineering, traffic engineering and the like, and particularly comprise glass, ceramics, concrete, rock and the like, and can bear large compressive load, so that various structures meeting engineering requirements are often designed by utilizing the compressive property of the materials in engineering. However, these materials have poor tensile mechanical properties, and in these brittle solid material engineering structures, the brittle solid material engineering structures are inevitably affected by external tensile loads, which results in the risk of fracture and destruction of the brittle solid material engineering structures.
Therefore, the method can well evaluate the dynamic impact damage mechanical properties of the brittle solid material and has important significance. In addition, there are often numerous microcracks within these brittle solids that play a critical role in dynamic impact damage to the mechanical properties of the brittle solids. At present, few methods for explaining the dynamic impact damage mechanical properties caused by the internal microcrack expansion of the brittle solid material can be adopted through a theoretical equation, so that the method for evaluating the dynamic impact damage mechanical properties of the brittle solid material is provided, has important practical value for the engineering structure safety design of the brittle solid material, and needs a method for evaluating the dynamic impact damage mechanical properties of the brittle solid material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a method for evaluating the dynamic impact damage mechanical properties of a brittle solid material.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention comprises the following steps:
A. selecting a brittle solid material, acquiring data of compressive stress and compressive strain of the brittle solid material in the uniaxial power impact load direction through a Hopkinson pressure bar, and drawing a relation test curve between the compressive stress and the compressive strain under the action of different strain rates;
B. obtaining physical properties of the brittle solid material by testing the brittle solid material, the physical properties including a modulus of elasticityEPoisson ratio gamma and densityρ；
C. Scanning the brittle solid material by a three-dimensional electron microscope scanning technology, determining the volume of internal micro defects of the brittle solid material, and further determining initial damage state parameters of the brittle solid materialD o The initial damage value is more than 0 and less than 1;
D. determining the quasi-static fracture toughness of brittle solid materials by using a three-point bending fracture mechanics experimentK QIC The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Determination of the sliding Friction coefficient of the Material by means of a direct shear test instrumentμ；
E. Based on the theory of solid fracture mechanics, under the action of uniaxial dynamic impact load, a relation equation and a theoretical curve between the compressive stress, the compressive strain and the strain rate of the brittle solid material in the inelastic and plastic deformation stage are established, wherein the equation is as follows:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
wherein the parameters arev m For crack bifurcation rate, parametersc R Is Rayleigh wave speed and parameterc p Is thatPThe wave velocity is the crack branching velocity, parameterρFor material density, parametersγPoisson ratio, parameters as mechanical propertiesEModulus of elasticity, parameterD 0 Parameters for the density of internal micro defectsK QIC Parameters for quasi-static fracture toughnessμIs the friction coefficient of the initial defect surface inside the solid material and the axial compressive stressσ 1 Taking the negative number in the calculation formula;
F. determining parametersaParameters (parameters)m，Parameters (parameters)φ，Parameters (parameters)βAnd then calculating to obtain a compressive stress and compressive strain relation curve of the brittle solid material which causes different strain rates under the action of different dynamic impact loads, wherein the compressive stress and compressive strain relation curve is used for evaluating the dynamic impact damage mechanical properties of the brittle solid material.
Further, the parameters areaParameters (parameters)m，Parameters (parameters)φ，Parameters (parameters)βThe specific value is determined according to the theoretical curve of the relation between the compressive stress and the compressive strain obtained by theoretical calculation in the step E and the comparative analysis and calculation of the relation between the compressive stress and the compressive strain obtained by test in the step A, and the parameters are determinedmSelecting values 1, 2, 3, parametersβThe value is more than 0 and less than 1, the parameter a is the average size of the initial defect inside the brittle solid material, the value is generally less than 4mm, and the parameter a is the average size of the initial defect inside the brittle solid materialφAnd the initial defect angle is larger than 0 and smaller than 90.
Further, the method for obtaining the physical properties of the brittle solid material comprises measuring a relation curve of compressive stress and compressive strain under the action of quasi-static load by a uniaxial compression test instrument, and determining the elastic modulus of the brittle solid material by the ratio of stress to strainEDetermining the Poisson's ratio gamma of the brittle solid material by the ratio of the transverse strain to the axial strain, and determining the density by weighing the brittle solid materialρ。
Further, the parameter ε 0 And (c) determining the maximum value of the compressive strain in the compressive stress-compressive strain relation in the step A.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention utilizes the test of the brittle solid material under the action of uniaxial dynamic impact compression load to determine the relation curve between the compressive stress and the compressive strain of the material, and provides a theoretical equation capable of evaluating the relation curve between the compressive stress and the compressive strain of the brittle solid material under the direct tensile action through the solid fracture mechanics basic theory, and the curve can be used for evaluating the deformation and the strength mechanics characteristics of different brittle solid materials under the influence of different external dynamic impact loads.
2. The invention applies dynamic impact compression load to a brittle solid material sample by adopting a Hopkinson pressure bar dynamic impact test instrument, measures the relationship curve of uniaxial compression stress and compressive strain of the solid material,
3. the invention can further evaluate and predict the fracture mechanical properties of different solid materials under different stress states, and can provide a certain theoretical support for the engineering design, construction and the like of brittle solid materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing theoretical calculation curve results of the relationship between compressive stress and compressive strain of a marble brittle solid material of an embodiment under different dynamic impact load strain rates;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of a test curve of the relationship between compressive stress and compressive strain of a marble brittle solid material of the embodiment at different dynamic impact load strain rates;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the comparison result of the theoretical and experimental comparison curves of the relationship between compressive stress and compressive strain of the example marble brittle solid material under different dynamic impact load strain rates;
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1-3, the following examples of brittle solid materials of marble are selected to verify the reliability of the theoretical equation in the invention.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention comprises the steps of:
selecting a sample of a brittle solid material to be detected, preparing a cylindrical sample with the diameter of 5cm and the height of 10cm, carrying out a dynamic impact test by using a Hopkinson pressure bar, and measuring compressive stress under the action of different uniaxial dynamic impact loadsσ 1 And compressive strainε 1 A relationship curve in which there is a peak stress that is the dynamic impact strength of a brittle solid material.
2. Different dynamic impact loads can be realized by setting different loading rates of the test instrument, and the different loading rates correspond to different strain rates of the brittle solid material. Finally, drawing a relation curve of compressive stress and compressive strain under the action of different strain rates. From this curve, different strain rate versus dynamic impact strength relationships can be determined.
3. The same brittle solid material is selected, and a compressive stress and compressive strain relation curve under the action of a quasi-static load can be measured by a uniaxial compression test instrument. Before the peak stress of the curve, the linear phase of the relation between stress and strain can be used for determining the elastic modulus of the solid material by the ratio of stress to strainE. And determining the poisson's ratio gamma of the material by measuring the ratio of the transverse strain to the axial strain of the solid sample.
4. Determining the weight of the solid material by a weight meter; determination of Density by dividing weight by volumeρ。
5. By utilizing the three-dimensional electron microscope scanning technology, the body of the micro defect in the brittle solid material can be scanned and confirmedThe product of the volume divided by the volume of the sample of brittle solid material, thereby determining the density of micro-defects within the brittle solid materialD 0 This value is less than 1.
6. Prefabricating a brittle solid sample containing cracks, and measuring the quasi-static fracture toughness of the brittle solid material by using a three-point bending test instrumentK QIC 。
7. The sliding friction coefficient of two brittle solid materials with same and smooth surfaces is determined by a direct shear test instrumentμ。
8. By utilizing the theory of solid fracture and damage mechanics, under the action of uniaxial dynamic impact load, the relation equation among the compressive stress, the compressive strain and the strain rate of the brittle solid material in the inelastic and plastic deformation stage is established as follows:
(1)
wherein:
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
in the above-mentioned equation,ε’ 1 the dynamic impact load strain rate is determined by the external load output by a test instrument; parameters (parameters)D 0 Can be determined by step 5; parameters (parameters)K QIC Can be determined by step 6; parameters (parameters)μThe initial defect surface friction coefficient for the solid material can be determined by step 7. Note also that the axial compressive stressσ 1 The negative number is taken from the calculation formula.
In equation (1)v m 、c R 、c p Respectively crack branching speedsv m Rayleigh wave speedc R ，PWave velocityc p The three wave velocities are all equal to the physical property material density of the materialρ(which can be determined by step 4) and the Poisson's ratio of mechanical propertiesγ，Modulus of elasticityECorrelation (determined by step 3), namely:
v m =Rc R ，
c R = (1.12γ+0.87) [E/(2 (1+γ)ρ)] 1/2 /(1+γ)，
c p =[E(1-γ)/((1-2γ)(1+γ)ρ)] 1/2 ，
Ris a constant of 0<R<1。
10. Parameters in equation (1)aThe average size of the initial defect inside the brittle solid material is generally smaller than 4mm, and the specific value is determined by comparing and analyzing the compressive stress and compressive strain relation curve obtained by theoretical calculation in the step 7 and the compressive stress and compressive strain relation curve obtained by test in the step 1.
11、Parameters of equation (1)φAnd (3) comparing and analyzing the initial defect angle, the value of which is larger than 0 and smaller than 90, with the specific value according to the compressive stress and compressive strain relation curve obtained by theoretical calculation in the step (7) and the compressive stress and compressive strain relation curve obtained by test in the step (1).
12. Parameters in equation (1)ε 0 The parameters can be determined by the maximum value of the compressive strain in the relationship curve of the compressive stress and the compressive strain in the step 1mThe values 1, 2 and 3 are generally selected, the specific values are determined according to the comparative analysis of the compressive stress and compressive strain relation curve obtained by theoretical calculation in the step 7 and the compressive stress and compressive strain relation curve obtained by test in the step 1, and the parameters are determinedβThe specific value is generally greater than 0 and less than 1, and is determined by comparing and analyzing the compressive stress and compressive strain relation curve obtained by theoretical calculation in the step 7 and the compressive stress and compressive strain relation curve obtained by test in the step 1.
13. And determining all parameters of a certain brittle solid material, and determining a relation equation among the compressive stress, the compressive strain and the strain rate of the brittle solid material under the action of uniaxial dynamic impact load according to the step 8, so that the compressive stress-compressive strain curves with different strain rates under the action of different dynamic impact loads can be predicted and analyzed, and further the dynamic impact damage mechanical properties of the brittle solid material can be evaluated.
FIG. 1 shows the relationship curve between compressive stress and compressive strain of marble with different strain rates under the action of different power loads obtained by theoretical calculation of the invention; FIG. 2 shows the compressive stress versus compressive strain of marble measured by the Hopkinson pressure bar test; fig. 3 shows the comparison result of the curves obtained by the theory and test in fig. 1 and 2, the theory and test result are similar in trend and similar in value, and the comparison result has certain comparability, so that the rationality of the invention is verified.
Specific values of parameters in the theoretical equation of the present invention are given in table 1 for marble materials.
Table 1 marble parameters
| Parameters (parameters) | m | ε o | a/mm | φ/ o | K QIC / MPa.m 1/2 | β | μ | D o | E/GPa | γ | R | ρ/kg/m 3 |
| Value taking | 2 | 0.012 | 3.3 | 53 | 1.51 | 0.32 | 0.51 | 0.053 | 30 | 0.25 | 0.06 | 2500 |
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The method for evaluating the dynamic impact damage mechanical property of the brittle solid material is characterized by comprising the following steps of
A. Selecting a brittle solid material, acquiring data of compressive stress and compressive strain of the brittle solid material in the uniaxial power impact load direction through a Hopkinson pressure bar, and drawing a relation test curve between the compressive stress and the compressive strain under the action of different strain rates;
B. obtaining the friability by testing the friable solid materialPhysical properties of solid materials, including modulus of elasticityEPoisson ratio gamma and densityρ；
C. Scanning the brittle solid material by a three-dimensional electron microscope scanning technology, determining the volume of internal micro defects of the brittle solid material, and further determining initial damage state parameters of the brittle solid materialD o The initial damage value is more than 0 and less than 1;
D. determining the quasi-static fracture toughness of brittle solid materials by using a three-point bending fracture mechanics experimentK QIC The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Determination of the sliding Friction coefficient of the Material by means of a direct shear test instrumentμ；
E. Based on the theory of solid fracture mechanics, under the action of uniaxial dynamic impact load, a relation equation and a theoretical curve between the compressive stress, the compressive strain and the strain rate of the brittle solid material in the inelastic and plastic deformation stage are established, wherein the equation is as follows:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)；
wherein the parameters arev m For crack bifurcation rate, parametersc R Is Rayleigh wave speed and parameterc p Is thatPThe wave velocity is the crack branching velocity, parameterρFor material density, parametersγPoisson ratio, parameters as mechanical propertiesEModulus of elasticity, parameterD 0 Parameters for the density of internal micro defectsK QIC Parameters for quasi-static fracture toughnessμIs the friction coefficient of the initial defect surface inside the solid material and the axial compressive stressσ 1 Taking the negative number in the calculation formula;
F. determining parametersaParameters (parameters)m，Parameters (parameters)φ，Parameters (parameters)βAnd then calculating to obtain a compressive stress and compressive strain relation curve of the brittle solid material which causes different strain rates under the action of different dynamic impact loads, wherein the compressive stress and compressive strain relation curve is used for evaluating the dynamic impact damage mechanical properties of the brittle solid material.
2. The method for evaluating mechanical properties of brittle solid material by dynamic impact failure according to claim 1, which is characterized in thatCharacterized in that the parameters areaParameters (parameters)m，Parameters (parameters)φ，Parameters (parameters)βThe specific value is determined according to the theoretical curve of the relation between the compressive stress and the compressive strain obtained by theoretical calculation in the step E and the comparative analysis and calculation of the relation between the compressive stress and the compressive strain obtained by test in the step A, and the parameters are determinedmSelecting values 1, 2, 3, parametersβThe value is more than 0 and less than 1, the parameter a is the average size of the initial defect inside the brittle solid material, the value is generally less than 4mm, and the parameter a is the average size of the initial defect inside the brittle solid materialφAnd the initial defect angle is larger than 0 and smaller than 90.
3. The method for evaluating mechanical properties of brittle solid material under dynamic impact failure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for obtaining physical properties of brittle solid material comprises measuring a relationship curve of compressive stress and compressive strain under quasi-static load by a uniaxial compression test instrument, and determining elastic modulus of the brittle solid material by a ratio of stress to strainEDetermining the Poisson's ratio gamma of the brittle solid material by the ratio of the transverse strain to the axial strain, and determining the density by weighing the brittle solid materialρ。
4. The method for evaluating mechanical properties of brittle solid material by dynamic impact failure according to claim 1, wherein the parameter ε 0 And (c) determining the maximum value of the compressive strain in the compressive stress-compressive strain relation in the step A.
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