CN116816272A - PDC drill bit with disc cutter and rotary teeth - Google Patents
PDC drill bit with disc cutter and rotary teeth Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116816272A CN116816272A CN202311082398.3A CN202311082398A CN116816272A CN 116816272 A CN116816272 A CN 116816272A CN 202311082398 A CN202311082398 A CN 202311082398A CN 116816272 A CN116816272 A CN 116816272A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cutter
- gear
- tooth
- rotary
- rotary tooth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 36
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 28
- 230000036346 tooth eruption Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/54—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits
- E21B10/55—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits with preformed cutting elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/08—Roller bits
- E21B10/12—Roller bits with discs cutters
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/42—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits
- E21B10/43—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits characterised by the arrangement of teeth or other cutting elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/50—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of roller type
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The PDC drill bit comprises a drill bit body and blades, wherein the blades are arranged on the drill bit body, at least one rotary tooth and a disc cutter are simultaneously arranged on at least one blade, the rotary tooth comprises a central rotary tooth, a bushing, a rotary tooth shaft and a limiter, a first gear is arranged on the rotary tooth shaft, the central rotary tooth is rotationally connected with the bushing, and the rotary tooth is fixed on the blade through the bushing; the cutter comprises a cutter head and a cutter head shaft, a second gear is arranged on the cutter head shaft, and the cutter head and the cutter wings are in rotary connection; the rotary teeth are engaged with the disc cutter through gears. The invention can realize the pre-crushing effect of the disc cutter on the rock so as to reduce the cutting burden of the cutting teeth and improve the rock breaking efficiency of the drill bit; meanwhile, the rotation of the disc cutter can drive the rotation of the cutting teeth, so that the utilization rate of the diamond layer of the cutting teeth is improved, and the service life of the drill bit is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of drilling equipment such as petroleum and natural gas, mine engineering, construction foundation engineering construction, geology, hydrology and the like, and particularly relates to a PDC drill bit with a cutter and rotary teeth.
Background
Polycrystalline diamond teeth (PDC teeth for short) are one type of cutting teeth that are used to secure a bit body. The cutting tooth mainly comprises a diamond layer and a hard alloy matrix, and the diamond layer has the characteristics of high hardness, high wear resistance, self-sharpening property and the like. The drill bit provided with the PDC teeth is called PDC drill bit, is widely applied to the technical field of drilling, and has the advantages of high mechanical drilling speed, long service life, high drilling safety and the like.
In recent years, with the improvement of materials and manufacturing processes, the adaptability of PDC drill bits to stratum is becoming wider and wider. The cutting teeth of the traditional PDC drill bit are fixed on the blades of the drill bit through brazing, the abrasion of the cutting teeth can be gradually increased along with the continuous operation of the drill bit, and the drilling mechanical drilling speed is reduced along with the continuous operation until the mechanical drilling speed is too slow to start drilling. When such conventional fixed PDC cutter drill bits drill, only a small portion of the cutting edge is able to contact the rock, i.e., the cutting edge is locally operative to cut the rock. The cutting edge actually used to shear formation rock is only 10% -40%, while the other 60% -90% of the cutting edge is locked into the bit body and not used, i.e. not in contact with formation rock. When the rock is sheared, a certain degree of abrasion can be generated on relatively fewer cutting edges, the friction effect between the cutting teeth and the rock is also enhanced, the temperature of the cutting teeth is increased, larger area abrasion is further caused, the drilling efficiency of the drill bit is greatly reduced, and the drill bit is very fast failed.
The disk bit (also called disk bit, disk bit or disk bit) is a new tooth-shaped structure of tooth-wheel bit whose tooth surface is made into the form of circular ring continuous or intermittent tooth ring perpendicular to tooth-wheel generatrix or forming a certain spiral angle. The rock breaking mechanism of the disc type drill bit is different from that of the conventional roller bit, and when the gear ring rolls along the rock roller, the rock is forced to break by using large contact stress, so that a concentric ring type rock breaking belt is formed. Disk bits are more effective in drilling hard, very hard, abrasive formations and deep, slim holes than conventional tricone bits.
In hard formations, strong plastic formations, and abrasive formations, conventional PDC teeth are difficult to penetrate rock, and the cutting teeth wear quickly, resulting in very low drilling efficiency. An important means of improving the performance of PDC bits is to reduce the workload of the cutter and to create an effective bite for the cutter.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to reduce the abrasion speed of a cutting tooth of a drill bit, improve the utilization rate of the cutting tooth, and reduce the workload of the cutting tooth while improving the rock penetration capacity of the cutting tooth.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the PDC drill bit comprises a drill bit body, wherein the drill bit body comprises a drill bit body and blades, the blades are arranged on the drill bit body, the rotating teeth and the disc cutters are simultaneously arranged on at least one blade, each rotating tooth comprises a central rotating tooth, a bushing, a rotating tooth shaft and a limiter, a first gear is arranged on the rotating tooth shaft, the central rotating tooth is in rotary connection with the bushing, and the rotating tooth is fixed on the blade through the bushing; the cutter comprises a cutter head and a cutter head shaft, a second gear is arranged on the cutter head shaft, and the cutter head and the cutter wings are in rotary connection; the rotary teeth are engaged with the disc cutter through gears.
In the scheme, the disc cutter makes revolution motion under the action of the torque of the drill bit, presses rock under the action of the weight on bit, and simultaneously can rotate around the axis of the disc cutter under the action of the friction force of the rock, and the rotation of the disc cutter drives the rotation of the cutting teeth through gear meshing. The rotation and revolution of the disc cutter enable the disc cutter to crush the rock in a roller grinding mode, ring groove-shaped crushing pits are formed at the bottom of the well, a certain pre-crushing can be formed on the rock, the rock cutting difficulty is reduced, and therefore the cutting efficiency of PDC teeth is reduced. The rotary motion of the PDC teeth can enable the whole circumference of the diamond layer to participate in cutting so as to achieve the purpose of prolonging the service life of the PDC teeth.
Alternatively, the first gear is a worm gear and the second gear is a worm.
In the above scheme, when the rotation axis of the central rotation tooth and the rotation axis of the cutter head are staggered in space, the worm wheel and the worm screw are needed to be used for transmission, the rotation motion of the disc cutter is a direct power source for driving the cutting tooth to move, namely the disc cutter is a driving piece, the cutting tooth is a driven piece, the worm screw is arranged on the cutter head shaft of the disc cutter according to the principle of the worm wheel and the worm screw transmission, and the worm wheel is arranged on the rotation shaft of the cutting tooth. The worm and gear transmission has the characteristics of large transmission ratio, compact structure and stable transmission.
Alternatively, the first gear and the second gear are bevel gears.
In the above scheme, the first gear and the second gear transmit motion through the bevel gear when the rotation axis of the central rotation tooth intersects with the rotation axis of the cutterhead.
Alternatively, the cutterhead of the disc cutter is disc-shaped.
In the scheme, the cutter disc of the cutter disc is disc-shaped, the rolling continuity of the cutter disc is good, and the drill bit can work more stably. The cutterhead continuously acts on the rock at the bottom of the well to form concentric annular broken grooves at the bottom of the well, and the broken range of the rock at the bottom of the well is large.
Alternatively, the cutter head of the disc cutter is provided with a blade groove.
In the scheme, the cutter disc is provided with the blade groove, so that the contact area between the cutter disc and the rock at the bottom of the well can be reduced, the specific pressure of the cutter disc acting on the rock is increased, and the cutter disc is easier to press into the rock.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the scraping movement of the PDC drill bit is combined with the roller grinding movement mode of the disk roller bit, and the disk cutter forms a crushing groove on the rock at the bottom of the well, so that the rock at the bottom of the well can be pre-crushed, the cutting teeth are ensured to effectively bite the rock, the cutting burden of the cutting teeth can be lightened due to the pre-crushing of the rock, the rock breaking efficiency of the drill bit is improved, and the service life of the cutting teeth is prolonged.
And the second, through the gear engagement connection between cutter and the cutting tooth, the cutter rotates under the effect of rock friction force, and the rotation of cutter can drive the rotation of the cutting tooth, so that the cutting edge of the whole circumference of the end face of the rotary tooth can participate in cutting the stratum when the drill bit cuts the stratum, the utilization rate of the diamond layer of the cutting tooth is improved, the service life of the drill bit is greatly prolonged, the footage capacity of a single drill bit is obviously improved, the drilling speed of the drill bit is kept higher, the drilling period is shortened, and the drilling cost is saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a PDC bit with a cutter and rotatable teeth mounted thereto;
FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic view of a rotatable tooth;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a rotatable tooth;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a disc cutter structure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the mounting relationship of the disk cutter and the rotary teeth on the blade;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the principle of operation;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the meshing of a bevel gear with a first gear and a second gear;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the meshing of the first gear and the second gear with the worm gear;
fig. 9 is a schematic view of a knife slot on a disk knife.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a knife and at least one rotating tooth coupled by a gear engagement;
corresponding designations in the drawings indicate: the drill bit comprises a drill bit body 101, a cutting tooth 103, a blade 102, a rotary tooth 200, a cutter 300, a central rotary tooth 210, a limiter 206, a positioning groove 207, a bushing 205, a wear-resistant layer 201, a base 202, a rotary tooth shaft 203, a first gear 204, a cutter head 301, a cutter head shaft 302, a second gear 303, a bearing 400, a cutter head rotation axis 500, a central rotary tooth rotation axis 600 and a cutter blade groove 304. A first-stage cutter shaft-3021, a second-stage cutter shaft-3022, a first-stage cutter gear-3031 and a second-stage cutter gear-3032.
Detailed Description
For a clearer understanding of technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention, a specific embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the PDC bit 100 with cutter and rotary teeth provided by the present invention includes a bit body 101, cutting teeth 103 and blades 102, the blades 102 are disposed on the bit body 101, and at least one blade 101 is provided with the rotary teeth 200 and the cutter 300.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the structure of the rotary tooth and the cross-section of the rotary tooth are schematically shown. The rotary tooth 200 provided by the invention comprises a central rotary tooth 210, a limiter 206 and a bushing 205, wherein the central rotary tooth 210 comprises a wear-resistant layer (generally polycrystalline diamond) 201, a base body (generally hard alloy) 202, a rotary tooth shaft 203 and a first gear 204, a positioning groove 207 is arranged on the base body 202, and the gear 204 is fixedly connected to the rotary tooth shaft 203, such as by a key, a spline, an interference fit or direct machining on the rotary tooth shaft 203. The rotary tooth shaft 203 is fixedly connected with the base body by means of keys, splines, interference fit or direct machining on the base body 202. The bushing 205 is hollow cylindrical and has a detent 207 machined into its inner surface. The retainer 206 is placed in the detent 207 such that the bushing 205 is in rotational connection with the center rotary tooth 210.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a disc cutter according to the present invention. The disc cutter 300 provided by the invention comprises a cutter head 301 and a cutter head shaft 302, wherein a second gear 303 is arranged on the cutter head shaft 302. The cutterhead shaft 302 is fixedly connected with the cutterhead 301 by means of keys, splines, interference fit or direct machining on the cutterhead 301. The second gear 303 is fixedly connected to the cutterhead 301 by means of keys, splines, interference fit or machining directly on the cutterhead shaft 302.
The mounting relationship of the disc cutter 300, the center rotary tooth 210, on the blade 102 is shown in fig. 5. The center rotary tooth 210 is fixedly connected to the blade 102 through the bushing 205, the first gear 204 is meshed with the second gear 303, the cutter shaft 302 is connected with the bearing 400, the bearing 400 is fixed on the blade 102, and the cutter shaft 302 is in rotary connection with the bearing 400.
The operation of the present invention is shown in fig. 6. The cutterhead 301 contacts the rock 400 and under the weight of the bit and rotational torque, the center rotary tooth 210 and cutterhead 301 are pressed into the rock 400 and perform rotational motion about the bit axis. The cutterhead 301 interacts with the rock 400 and the cutterhead 301 rotates under the friction of the rock 400, thereby driving the rotation of the first gear 303. The first gear 204 and the second gear 303 are meshed with each other, that is, the rotation of the second gear 303 can drive the first gear 204 to rotate, and the first gear 204 is fixedly connected to the central rotating tooth 210, so that the rotation of the central rotating tooth is driven, and the cutting tooth can rotate around the axis of the cutting tooth while cutting rock.
As shown in fig. 7, when the cutter head rotation axis 500 intersects the center rotation tooth rotation axis 600, the first gear 204 and the second gear 303 adopt a bevel gear engagement manner.
As shown in fig. 8, when the cutter head rotation axis 500 does not intersect with the center rotation tooth rotation axis 600, the first gear 204 and the second gear 303 adopt a worm gear engagement method. Wherein the first gear 204 is a worm gear and the second gear 303 is a worm.
To enhance the rock penetration of the cutterhead 301, the cutterhead 301 may be provided with cutting flutes 304, as shown in fig. 9.
A cutter is engaged with at least one of the rotary teeth via a gear. As shown in fig. 10, the cutter has two sets of gears, a first stage cutter gear 3031 and a second stage cutter gear 3032, which are respectively provided on a first stage cutter shaft 3021 and a second stage cutter shaft 3022 of the cutter. The first stage cutter shaft 3021 and the second stage cutter shaft 3022 may be straight shafts, flexible shafts, or a combination thereof.
The foregoing is illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting thereof. Any equivalent changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of this invention, and are intended to be within the scope of this invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a PDC drill bit with disk sword and rotary tooth, includes bit body and wing, and the wing sets up on the bit body, its characterized in that: at least one rotary tooth and a disk cutter are simultaneously arranged on at least one blade, the rotary tooth comprises a central rotary tooth, a bushing, a rotary tooth shaft and a limiter, a first gear is arranged on the rotary tooth shaft, the central rotary tooth is rotationally connected with the bushing, and the rotary tooth is fixed on the blade through the bushing; the cutter comprises a cutter head and a cutter head shaft, a second gear is arranged on the cutter head shaft, and the cutter head and the cutter wings are in rotary connection; a cutter is engaged with at least one of the rotary teeth via a gear.
2. The PDC bit having a cutter and a rotary tooth of claim 1 wherein: the first gear is a worm wheel, and the second gear is a worm.
3. The PDC bit having a cutter and a rotary tooth of claim 1 wherein: the first gear and the second gear are bevel gears.
4. The PDC bit having a cutter and a rotary tooth of claim 1 wherein: the cutterhead of the disc cutter is disc-shaped.
5. The PDC bit having a cutter and a rotary tooth of claim 1 wherein: and a cutter head of the disc cutter is provided with a cutter groove.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202311082398.3A CN116816272A (en) | 2023-08-28 | 2023-08-28 | PDC drill bit with disc cutter and rotary teeth |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN202311082398.3A CN116816272A (en) | 2023-08-28 | 2023-08-28 | PDC drill bit with disc cutter and rotary teeth |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN116816272A true CN116816272A (en) | 2023-09-29 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CN202311082398.3A Pending CN116816272A (en) | 2023-08-28 | 2023-08-28 | PDC drill bit with disc cutter and rotary teeth |
Country Status (1)
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Citations (25)
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AU8793691A (en) * | 1991-09-27 | 1993-05-06 | Norvic S.A. | Disc drill bit |
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CN215520781U (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2022-01-14 | 西南石油大学 | PDC drill bit with swing self-adaptation buffer structure |
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-
2023
- 2023-08-28 CN CN202311082398.3A patent/CN116816272A/en active Pending
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NIU, SW: "Experimental study on the rock-breaking mechanism of disc-like hybrid bit", 《JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 》 * |
QINGLIANG QI: "Study on kinematic characteristics of the vertical-wheel on hybrid PDC bit", 《MECHANICAL ENGINEERING》 * |
刘八仙: "PDC切削齿新技术", 《内江科技》, vol. 39, no. 8 * |
张春亮: "交叉刮切PDC钻头破岩机理及设计理论研究", 《中国优秀硕士论文全文库工程科技I辑》, no. 6 * |
林敏: "类盘式牙轮钻头破岩机理实验研究", 《钻采工艺》, vol. 40, no. 1 * |
程伟: "PDC-牙轮复合钻头布齿设计技术研究", 《中国优秀硕士论文全文库工程科技I辑》, no. 9 * |
钟云鹏: "旋转模块式PDC钻头破岩机理研究", 《地下空间与工程学报》, vol. 15, no. 6 * |
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