CN116810322A - Machining method for gear of gearbox external spline drilling - Google Patents
Machining method for gear of gearbox external spline drilling Download PDFInfo
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- CN116810322A CN116810322A CN202310707846.8A CN202310707846A CN116810322A CN 116810322 A CN116810322 A CN 116810322A CN 202310707846 A CN202310707846 A CN 202310707846A CN 116810322 A CN116810322 A CN 116810322A
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010006514 bruxism Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010862 gear shaping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a processing method of a gear for drilling an external spline of a gearbox, which comprises the steps of turning a blank, inserting a spline, drilling the spline, hobbing, chamfering, cleaning and heat treatment, hard turning after heat treatment and gear grinding. The positioning fixture is designed to meet the processing requirement, time and manufacturing cost are saved, and the oil holes with phase relation meet the part requirement according to the indexing precision of the machine tool; the clamp is simple to manufacture and convenient to clamp; the clamp is formed by one cutter, the clamping fit tolerance is 0.02mm, the precision of the clamp is also ensured, and the processing efficiency and precision are greatly improved. The invention adopts a locating pin with the same angle as the spline tooth groove to locate and fix the workpiece, a key groove is milled at the position corresponding to the tooth groove, and the 0 degree position of the key groove, the zero point of the machine tool and the zero point 'three zero' of the spline tooth groove are overlapped; four threaded holes are machined at the positions of the key grooves of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees for positioning and fixing the workpiece by the positioning pin.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gear machining, and particularly relates to a machining method of a gear for drilling an external spline of a gearbox.
Background
With the high-speed development of the automobile industry, the requirements of people on the quality of automobiles are higher and higher, so that the complexity, diversity and gear precision of the existing automobile parts are continuously increased, and the manufacturing difficulty is also continuously increased. As shown in fig. 1, the part is a transmission gear in an automobile transmission, an oil hole needs to be machined in the bottom of a spline groove, and a phase relation exists between the oil hole and the spline. In the traditional processing, bench drills are generally adopted for processing, the production efficiency is low, the oil holes with phase relation are required to be manually aligned, the processing precision is difficult to ensure, and the method is not suitable for batch production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a processing method of a gear for drilling an external spline of a gearbox, which aims to solve the problem of improving processing efficiency and accuracy.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
a processing method of a gear for drilling a gear box external spline comprises the following steps:
A. turning a blank:
a1, turning a gear by adopting a clamping mode of a three-jaw chuck of a turning center, and turning all elements and inner holes on the right side of an excircle of a clamping blank by the left side end face;
a2, when the second surface of the gear blank is turned, a soft claw is used and turned;
B. inserting a spline: the spline is processed by adopting a processing mode of a tensioning inner hole, and the precision of the clamp is ensured to be within 0.003mm during processing;
C. drilling a spline: the spline positioning device is adopted to finish the machining of drilling the bottom of the spline groove on numerical control equipment;
D. hobbing: rough machining a tooth surface of a gear by using a gear hobbing machine, positioning the tooth surface and an inner hole, and hobbing a part by using a machine account clamp, wherein the jump of the clamp is ensured to be within 0.003mm during machining;
E. chamfering: chamfering is carried out by a milling machine;
F. and (3) cleaning and heat treatment: carburizing and quenching are adopted, and no impurities are left on the surface after heat treatment;
G. hard car after heat: the method comprises the steps of adopting a clamping mode of a circular cutting clamp to carry out hot post-hard turning, and adopting an inner hole hooking tool to finish turning of more machining elements in the clamping as much as possible;
H. grinding teeth: the gear grinding machine is used for grinding the teeth, and the machining mode of the tensioning inner hole of the tensioning sleeve clamp is adopted to finish machining, so that the gear accuracy of the gear grinding can be better guaranteed.
Further, in the step A1, during turning, the positioning surface of the gear shaping and the gear hobbing and the clamping inner hole are turned out by one cutter, so that the end face runout is guaranteed to be 0.03mm, and the coaxiality of the inner hole is guaranteed to be 0.015mm.
Further, in the step A2, the inner diameter of the turning soft claw is larger than or equal to the outer diameter of the blank.
Still further, the inner diameter of the turning soft claw is 0.1-0.5mm larger than the outer diameter of the blank, and the jumping of the three claws is within 0.004.
Further, in step B, the spline Fp is not more than 0.03mm, the jump is 0.025mm, and the span tolerance is within 0.079 mm.
Further, in the step C, the processing method of the spline positioning device is as follows:
c1, clamping a bar on a numerical control lathe, wherein the bar is larger than the major diameter of a spline of a part, turning a knife outside the bar, and performing light, wherein the clamping fit inner hole of the clamp is larger than the major diameter of the spline;
c2, milling key grooves at corresponding positions according to distribution conditions of spline holes, and finishing drilling holes at the bottoms of spline grooves of the workpiece by a drill bit through the milled key grooves;
and C3, machining four threaded holes at the positions of the key grooves of 0 DEG, 90 DEG, 180 DEG and 270 DEG, and mounting a workpiece on a clamp during machining and additionally mounting and fixing positioning pins with the same degree as that of the spline key grooves on the four threaded holes of 0 DEG, 90 DEG, 180 DEG and 270 deg.
Furthermore, in the step C1, the tolerance range of the fit between the inner hole and the spline is 0.02mm, the depth is consistent with the length of the spline, and the end face can be abutted when in processing.
Further, in the step F, CHD 550HV1 is 0.5-0.8 according to Q/CAM-6.1, surface hardness (80-83) HRA or more than 680HV1 according to Q/CAM-6.2, and core hardness (320-450) HV30 according to Q/CAM-6.3.
Further, in the step G, the roundness of the inner hole is guaranteed to be 0.004mm, the coaxiality is guaranteed to be 0.008mm, and the runout is guaranteed to be 0.01mm; spline runout is 0.05mm, end surface runout is 0.02mm, and gear grinding positioning end surface runout is 0.006mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a novel gear machining method and designs a simple positioning clamp in a matched manner to meet the machining requirement; because the clamp is self-made, the time cost and the manufacturing cost are saved, and the oil holes with phase relation meet the demands of parts according to the indexing precision of the machine tool; the clamp is simple to manufacture and convenient to clamp; the clamp is formed by one cutter, the clamping fit tolerance is 0.02mm, the precision of the clamp is also ensured, and the processing efficiency and precision are greatly improved. The invention adopts a locating pin with the same angle as the spline tooth groove to locate and fix the workpiece, a key groove is milled at the position corresponding to the tooth groove, and the 0 degree position of the key groove, the zero point of the machine tool and the zero point 'three zero' of the spline tooth groove are overlapped; four threaded holes are machined at the positions of the key grooves of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees for positioning and fixing the workpiece by the positioning pin.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a drive gear configuration in an automotive transmission;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the self-made positioning fixture of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a workpiece clamped to a fixture;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the four threaded holes with positioning pins with the same degree as the spline tooth grooves;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of four threaded holes machined at the positions of the 0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and 270 ° key slots.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
the invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting thereof. It should be further noted that, for convenience of description, only some, but not all of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures. Meanwhile, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used only to distinguish the description, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Example 1
The invention discloses a processing method of a gear for drilling an external spline of a gearbox, which comprises the following steps:
1. turning a blank:
11. the gear is turned by adopting a clamping mode of a three-jaw chuck in a turning center, all elements and inner holes on the right side are turned by clamping the outer circle of a blank near the left side end face, the positioning face of the gear shaping and the gear hobbing and the one-step turning of the clamping inner hole are guaranteed, the end face runout is guaranteed to be 0.03mm, and the coaxiality of the inner hole is guaranteed to be 0.01mm.
12. When the second face of the gear blank is turned, soft claws are required to be turned, the inner diameter of the soft claws is slightly larger than or equal to the outer diameter of the blank, the inner diameter of the soft claws is generally 0.1-0.5mm larger than the outer diameter of the blank, and the jumping of the three claws is within 0.004, so that the jumping, flatness, size and other precision of the gear can be guaranteed.
2. Inserting a spline: the spline is machined by adopting a machining mode of the tensioning inner hole, so that the precision of the clamp is ensured to be within 0.003mm, the spline Fp is ensured to be not more than 0.03mm, the runout is 0.025mm, and the span tolerance is within 0.079 mm.
3. Drilling a spline: the traditional processing method generally adopts a bench drill for manual drilling, has lower processing efficiency, and is not suitable for batch production. The invention designs a self-made spline positioning device as shown in fig. 2, so that the machining of drilling the bottom of a spline groove is finished on numerical control equipment, the phase relation between the hole and the spline can be met, and the machining efficiency is greatly improved.
The processing method of the spline positioning device comprises the following steps:
firstly, a bar is clamped on a numerical control lathe, the bar is larger than the major diameter of a spline of a part, a cutter is turned outside the bar, the cutter is turned with visible light, the clamping fit inner hole of the clamp is slightly larger than the major diameter of the spline, the fit tolerance range is 0.02mm, the depth is consistent with the length of the spline, the end face can be abutted against during machining, a key groove is milled at the corresponding position according to the distribution condition of the spline hole, a drill bit is used for finishing machining of drilling holes at the bottom of the spline groove of a workpiece through the milled key groove, and four threaded holes are machined at the positions of the key grooves of 0 degree, 90 degree, 180 degree and 270 degree as shown in fig. 5. During machining, the workpiece is mounted on the clamp as shown in fig. 3, and positioning pins with the same degree as that of spline tooth grooves are additionally mounted on four threaded holes with the degrees of 0 DEG, 90 DEG, 180 DEG and 270 DEG, and the positioning pins are fixed as shown in fig. 4, so that the functions of positioning and clamping the spline are achieved.
4. Hobbing: the gear surface of the gear is roughly machined by using a gear hobbing machine, the end face and the inner hole are positioned, and a machine account clamp is used for hobbing the part, so that the clamp runout is ensured to be within 0.003mm during machining.
5. Chamfering: chamfering is carried out by a milling machine, so that the manufacturing cost of chamfering tools and fixtures is saved.
6. And (3) cleaning and heat treatment: carburizing and quenching are adopted, wherein CHD 550HV1 is 0.5-0.8 according to Q/CAM-6.1, surface hardness (80-83) HRA or more than 680HV1 is according to Q/CAM-6.2, and core hardness (320-450) HV30 is according to Q/CAM-6.3. The surface after heat treatment cannot be left with any impurities.
7. Hard car after heat: and (3) performing hot post-hardening turning by adopting a clamping mode of a circular cutting clamp, and finishing turning of more machining elements in the clamping by adopting an inner hole hooking tool as much as possible. The roundness of the inner hole can be better guaranteed to be 0.004mm, the coaxiality is 0.008mm, and the runout is 0.01mm. Spline runout is 0.05mm, end surface runout is 0.02mm, and the runout of the positioning end surface of the grinding tooth is 0.006mm.
8. Grinding teeth: the gear grinding machine is used for grinding the teeth, and the machining mode of the tensioning inner hole of the tensioning sleeve clamp is adopted to finish machining, so that the gear accuracy of the gear grinding can be better guaranteed.
The self-made positioning device is adopted to finish positioning the workpiece and ensure the phase relation between the spline hole and the spline, so that the self-made positioning device is not used for ordering the clamp, and the cost and time are saved; and numerical control equipment is adopted for processing, so that the processing efficiency is increased. The self-made positioning device is formed by one cutter, the clamping fit tolerance is 0.02mm, the clamp precision is also guaranteed, the depth of the clamping fit inner hole is consistent with the length of the spline, the end face of the spline can lean against the end face of the clamping fit inner hole, and the machining precision of the part is better guaranteed.
The basic principle of the positioning device is as follows: the device utilizes the indexing function of a machine tool to realize machining of spline holes with phase relation, after the machining is finished, a first key groove milled is defaulted to the 0-degree position of the device, namely the zero point of the machine tool, the corresponding spline tooth grooves are also set to be zero points of the spline tooth grooves, and the rest key grooves are indexed according to the number of the spline grooves. And four threaded holes are machined in the positions of the key grooves of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees, and the parts are positioned and fixed by positioning pins with the bottoms at the same angle with the spline tooth grooves. The angle of the bottom of the locating pin is consistent with the angle of the spline tooth slot, and the locating pin can play a role in locating more accurately. When the machining tool is used, the part is tightly clamped and matched with the end face of the inner hole, and the workpiece is fixedly positioned by the four positioning pins, and because the positioning pins can be matched with the spline tooth grooves, the spline tooth grooves correspond to the spline tooth grooves, holes at the bottom of the first spline groove are machined from the position of the 0-degree spline groove, and then indexing drilling machining is carried out through the machined spline grooves sequentially. Under the condition that the device is not moved, the 0-degree position of the device is always the 0-point position of the machine tool, and when batch parts are processed, the parts do not need to be aligned.
Note that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principle applied. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, while the invention has been described in connection with the above embodiments, the invention is not limited to the embodiments, but may be embodied in many other equivalent forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, which is set forth in the following claims.
Claims (9)
1. The processing method of the gear of the external spline drilling of the gearbox is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
A. turning a blank:
a1, turning a gear by adopting a clamping mode of a three-jaw chuck of a turning center, and turning all elements and inner holes on the right side of an excircle of a clamping blank by the left side end face;
a2, when the second surface of the gear blank is turned, a soft claw is used and turned;
B. inserting a spline: the spline is processed by adopting a processing mode of a tensioning inner hole, and the precision of the clamp is ensured to be within 0.003mm during processing;
C. drilling a spline: the spline positioning device is adopted to finish the machining of drilling the bottom of the spline groove on numerical control equipment;
D. hobbing: rough machining a tooth surface of a gear by using a gear hobbing machine, positioning the tooth surface and an inner hole, and hobbing a part by using a machine account clamp, wherein the jump of the clamp is ensured to be within 0.003mm during machining;
E. chamfering: chamfering is carried out by a milling machine;
F. and (3) cleaning and heat treatment: carburizing and quenching are adopted, and no impurities are left on the surface after heat treatment;
G. hard car after heat: the method comprises the steps of adopting a clamping mode of a circular cutting clamp to carry out hot post-hard turning, and adopting an inner hole hooking tool to finish turning of more machining elements in the clamping as much as possible;
H. grinding teeth: the gear grinding machine is used for grinding the teeth, and the machining mode of the tensioning inner hole of the tensioning sleeve clamp is adopted to finish machining, so that the gear accuracy of the gear grinding can be better guaranteed.
2. The method for machining a gear of a transmission external spline drill hole according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and A1, during turning, ensuring that a positioning surface of the gear shaping and the gear hobbing and a clamping inner hole are turned out by one cutter, and ensuring that the end face jumps by 0.03mm and the coaxiality of the inner hole with the flatness of 0.01mm is 0.015mm.
3. The method for machining a gear of a transmission external spline drill hole according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and A2, turning the inner diameter of the soft claw to be larger than or equal to the outer diameter of the blank.
4. A method of machining a gear for external spline drilling of a gearbox according to claim 3, wherein: the inner diameter of the turning soft claw is 0.1-0.5mm larger than the outer diameter of the blank, and the jumping of the three claws is within 0.004.
5. A method of machining a gear for external spline drilling of a gearbox according to claim 1, wherein in step B, the spline Fp is not more than 0.03mm, the runout is 0.025mm, and the span tolerance is within 0.079 mm.
6. The method for machining a gear for drilling an external spline of a gearbox according to claim 1, wherein in the step C, the machining method of the spline positioning device is as follows:
c1, clamping a bar on a numerical control lathe, wherein the bar is larger than the major diameter of a spline of a part, turning a knife outside the bar, and performing light, wherein the clamping fit inner hole of the clamp is larger than the major diameter of the spline;
c2, milling key grooves at corresponding positions according to distribution conditions of spline holes, and finishing drilling holes at the bottoms of spline grooves of the workpiece by a drill bit through the milled key grooves;
and C3, machining four threaded holes at the positions of the key grooves of 0 DEG, 90 DEG, 180 DEG and 270 DEG, and mounting a workpiece on a clamp during machining and additionally mounting and fixing positioning pins with the same degree as that of the spline key grooves on the four threaded holes of 0 DEG, 90 DEG, 180 DEG and 270 deg.
7. The method for machining the gear of the external spline drilling of the gearbox, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: and C1, the tolerance range of the inner hole and the spline is 0.02mm, the depth is consistent with the length of the spline, and the inner hole and the spline can be abutted against the end surface during processing.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the step F, CHD 550HV1, 0.5-0.8, is Q/CAM-6.1, surface hardness (80-83) HRA or 680HV1 or more is Q/CAM-6.2, and core hardness (320-450) HV30 is Q/CAM-6.3.
9. The method for machining the gear of the external spline drilling of the gearbox, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of G, ensuring the roundness of an inner hole to be 0.004mm, the coaxiality to be 0.008mm and the runout to be 0.01mm; spline runout is 0.05mm, end surface runout is 0.02mm, and gear grinding positioning end surface runout is 0.006mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310707846.8A CN116810322A (en) | 2023-06-15 | 2023-06-15 | Machining method for gear of gearbox external spline drilling |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310707846.8A CN116810322A (en) | 2023-06-15 | 2023-06-15 | Machining method for gear of gearbox external spline drilling |
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| CN116810322A true CN116810322A (en) | 2023-09-29 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310707846.8A Pending CN116810322A (en) | 2023-06-15 | 2023-06-15 | Machining method for gear of gearbox external spline drilling |
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| CN (1) | CN116810322A (en) |
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- 2023-06-15 CN CN202310707846.8A patent/CN116810322A/en active Pending
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