CN116790930A - Special dehydrogenation agent for aluminum alloy melt and aluminum alloy casting process - Google Patents
Special dehydrogenation agent for aluminum alloy melt and aluminum alloy casting process Download PDFInfo
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- CN116790930A CN116790930A CN202310168579.1A CN202310168579A CN116790930A CN 116790930 A CN116790930 A CN 116790930A CN 202310168579 A CN202310168579 A CN 202310168579A CN 116790930 A CN116790930 A CN 116790930A
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 111
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910004883 Na2SiF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-OUBTZVSYSA-N potassium-40 Chemical compound [40K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy production and processing, and discloses a special hydrogen remover for an aluminum alloy melt and an aluminum alloy casting process. The special dehydrogenation agent for the aluminum alloy melt comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 50-90% of hexachloroethane, 1-5% of sodium chloride, 1-5% of potassium chloride and the balance of potassium-based cryolite; all the raw materials are powdery substances; the preparation method comprises mixing the above materials. In the aluminum alloy casting process, the special hydrogen removing agent for the aluminum alloy melt is utilized to carry out smelting twice and slag removing agent is utilized to carry out smelting for the third time, and the hydrogen removing effect is ensured on the premise of controlling the impurity introducing amount of the hydrogen removing agent. The actual test shows that the hydrogen content of the outlet of the smelting furnace is 0.2-0.5 ml/100gAl, the hydrogen content of the position of the casting mould is 0.1-0.15 ml/100gAl after on-line degassing treatment, the hydrogen content of aluminum liquid is obviously reduced, and the cast product meets the requirements of the standard GBT 33910-2017 aluminum and aluminum alloy extrusion profile for automobiles.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy production and processing, in particular to a hydrogen remover special for an aluminum alloy melt and an aluminum alloy casting process.
Background
The aluminum alloy has the advantages of light weight, high specific strength, good formability, excellent ductility and weldability, and the like, and has become one of the main materials for light weight in the fields of automobiles and industry. Hydrogen is the most main gas impurity in aluminum alloy melt, and high hydrogen content can cause stress corrosion of aluminum alloy materials, so that the material performance is greatly reduced.
In the prior art, the casting of aluminum alloy is generally realized by a smelting and heat preserving integrated furnace, and the specific casting process flow is as follows: smelting, refining and degassing, online degassing, plate-type filtering and casting. In the refining degassing process, a refining agent is needed to remove gas and slag. Because sodium chloride is extremely easy to decompose at high temperature, the generated gas is easy to react with hydrogen, has strong adsorption force with slag inclusion and can rapidly escape from a melt; common refining agents generally comprise sodium chloride as the main ingredient.
The invention discloses a preparation method of an aluminum alloy composite refining agent, which comprises the following specific steps: according to the parts by weight, respectively weighing 30-40 parts of NaCl, 20-28 parts of KCl, 6-11 parts of NaF, 10-16 parts of CaF2, 7-14 parts of MgCl2, 6-10 parts of C2Cl6, 5-10 parts of Na2SiF6, 5-10 parts of Na3AlF6, 8-14 parts of NaNO3, 4-9 parts of ZnCl2, 3-10 parts of succinic acid and 2-6 parts of triethanolamine, and uniformly mixing the ZnCl2, the succinic acid and the triethanolamine to obtain a filler; uniformly mixing C2Cl6 and Na2SiF6 to obtain a mixture, and placing the mixture into a vacuum granulator, and performing compression molding and granulation to obtain mixed particles; naCl, KCl, naF, caF2, mgCl2, C2Cl6, na3AlF6 and NaNO3 are mixed and placed on a ball mill, and ball milling and sieving are carried out to obtain a blend; and mixing the blend, the mixed particles and the filler, and stirring to obtain the aluminum alloy composite refining agent.
The aluminum alloy composite refining agent provided by the prior patent can effectively reduce the hydrogen content in the aluminum liquid to be less than or equal to 0.15ml/100gAl, but has complex components and is easy to form impurities to enter the aluminum liquid.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dehydrogenation agent and a use process, which can reduce the hydrogen content in a melt under the condition of no impurity introduction, improve the purity of aluminum liquid, and at least provide a beneficial selection or creation condition for solving one or more technical problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
The special dehydrogenation agent for the aluminum alloy melt comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 50-90% of hexachloroethane, 1-5% of sodium chloride, 1-5% of potassium chloride and the balance of potassium-based cryolite; all the raw materials are powdery substances; the preparation method comprises mixing the above materials.
More preferably, the special dehydrogenation agent for the aluminum alloy melt comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 70-80% of hexachloroethane, 1-5% of sodium chloride, 1-5% of potassium chloride and the balance of potassium-based cryolite.
The invention also provides an aluminum alloy casting process, which mainly comprises the following steps.
1) Melting, namely melting an aluminum alloy raw material into a melt in a melting furnace, enabling the temperature to reach 700-750 ℃, and then stirring to enable the temperature to be uniform and slagging off.
2) Refining, namely performing three times of refining by using the special hydrogen remover and the deslagging agent for the aluminum alloy melt; the primary refining is carried out by using a special dehydrogenation agent for the aluminum alloy melt according to the mass of 0.1% -0.2% of the melt; after the first refining is finished, the scum floating on the surface of the melt is scraped clean and kept stand for 15+/-5 min.
Secondary refining, namely performing secondary refining by using a special dehydrogenation agent for the aluminum alloy melt according to the mass of 0.1% -0.2% of the melt; after the second refining is completed, the scum floating on the surface of the melt is scraped clean and kept stand for 15+/-5 min.
And (3) refining for the third time, namely refining for the third time by using a deslagging agent according to the mass of 0.1% -0.2% of the melt, and after finishing the refining for the third time, removing scum floating on the surface of the melt, and standing for 15+/-5 min to obtain the high-purity aluminum alloy melt.
3) Casting, namely casting the high-purity aluminum alloy melt obtained in the step 2) into an aluminum rod.
More preferably, in the refining step of step 2), the hydrogen removing agent and the deslagging agent special for the aluminum alloy melt are added to the bottom of the melt through an aluminum alloy refiner, and the aluminum alloy refiner controls the adding speed of the hydrogen removing agent and the deslagging agent special for the aluminum alloy melt.
More preferably, in the refining step of step 2), the refining vessel adds a hydrogen removing agent and a slag removing agent specific to the aluminum alloy melt to the bottom of the melt with a refining gas as a carrier, the refining gas being nitrogen or argon.
More preferably, the use time from the start of introducing the special hydrogen remover/deslagging agent for the aluminum alloy melt to the use of the special hydrogen remover/deslagging agent for the aluminum alloy melt is 10-20 min, and the pressure of refining gas is 0.1-0.3 MPa.
More preferably, after the first refining is completed and before the second refining is performed, an aluminum liquid chemical composition test step is performed, and an alloying batch is performed according to the test result.
More preferably, in the melting step of step 1), the smelting furnace is a smelting and heat-preserving integrated furnace, and a suction device is arranged corresponding to the smelting and heat-preserving integrated furnace and is used for sucking smoke generated in the refining process.
More preferably, in the casting step of the step 3), molten aluminum flows from an outlet of the smelting furnace through an online degassing box, plate filtration and finally flows to a die plate, and is cast into aluminum bars after being cooled by the die plate.
More preferably, an on-line hydrogen meter is respectively arranged at the outlet of the smelting furnace and the mould plate.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has at least the following technical effects or advantages.
1. The dehydrogenation agent is in powder form, can exert the dehydrogenation effect of the dehydrogenation agent to the maximum extent, and can react rapidly to generate AlCl after contacting with aluminum liquid 3 Gas, C 2 Cl 4 Gas, HCl gas and small amount of Cl 2 The method can directly react with hydrogen in the aluminum liquid to remove the hydrogen, and can generate small bubbles to carry the hydrogen out of the aluminum liquid, so that the dual effect greatly reduces the hydrogen content in the aluminum liquid, improves the comprehensive performance of aluminum alloy products, and improves the yield of the aluminum alloy products.
2. The product is stored for a long time without caking, moisture absorption and low cost, and can obtain excellent product quality under the condition of lower cost investment.
3. According to the production process disclosed by the invention, the first time and the second time are refined by using the hydrogen removing agent according to 0.1% -0.2% of the mass of the melt, and the third time is refined by using the slag removing agent according to 0.1% -0.2% of the mass of the melt, so that the production process has good hydrogen removing and slag removing effects, and the excellent purity of the aluminum alloy melt is ensured.
4. The integrated smelting and heat-preserving furnace has no degassing equipment such as furnace bottom air bricks, heat-preserving furnace and the like, so that the hydrogen content is difficult to ensure before degassing. After the special hydrogen remover for the aluminum alloy melt is used in the production process, the introduced impurities of the hydrogen remover are less, and the actual test shows that the hydrogen content at the outlet of the smelting furnace is 0.2-0.5 ml/100gAl, and the hydrogen content at the position of the casting mould is 0.1-0.15 ml/100gAl after the online degassing treatment, so that the hydrogen content of aluminum liquid is obviously reduced, and the cast product meets the standard requirement. The reference standard is GBT 33910-2017 aluminum and aluminum alloy extrusion profile for automobiles.
Detailed Description
The following describes the invention in detail, making the technical scheme and the beneficial effect of the invention more clear and definite. The following description of the embodiments is illustrative and is intended to be illustrative of the invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
The general inventive concept is as follows.
The special dehydrogenation agent for the aluminum alloy melt is a powdery substance and consists of hexachloroethane, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and potassium-based cryolite, wherein the mass percentages of the components are as follows: 50-90% of hexachloroethane, 1-5% of sodium chloride, 1-5% of potassium chloride and the balance of potassium-based cryolite.
With the increase of the hexachloroethane content, the toxic gas generated by the reaction of the dehydrogenation agent is increased, and the production of the dehydrogenation agent generates pungent smell. Therefore, when the special hydrogen remover for aluminum alloy melt provided by the invention is used for removing hydrogen, the smoke gas generated during refining can be rapidly pumped away by combining with the smelting furnace pumping equipment, so that the adverse effect of the gas generated by the hydrogen remover on personnel and equipment is reduced. In addition, the special dehydrogenation agent for the aluminum alloy melt is powdery and contains a large amount of hexachloroethane, so that deliquescence and caking are easy to occur; therefore, sealing and moisture-proof measures, preferably vacuum sealing and preservation are needed.
In the invention, the finished product of the hydrogen removing agent is hermetically packaged in a powder form, and the hydrogen removing agent can exert the hydrogen removing effect of the hydrogen removing agent to the maximum extent in the powder form, thereby ensuring the full reaction of the hydrogen removing agent. The dehydrogenation agent reacts rapidly after contacting with aluminum liquid to generate AlCl 3 Gas, C 2 Cl 4 Gas, HCl gas and small amount of Cl 2 The method can directly react with hydrogen in the aluminum liquid to remove the hydrogen, and can generate small bubbles to carry the hydrogen out of the aluminum liquid, so that the dual effect greatly reduces the hydrogen content in the aluminum liquid, improves the comprehensive performance of aluminum alloy products, and improves the yield of the aluminum alloy products.
On the other hand, the invention also provides an aluminum alloy casting process utilizing the special hydrogen remover for the aluminum alloy melt, which comprises the following steps.
1) Melting, namely melting an aluminum alloy raw material in a melting furnace, enabling the temperature to reach 700-750 ℃, stirring to enable the temperature to be uniform, and slagging off by using a forklift. The smelting furnace is preferably a smelting and heat-preserving integrated furnace, and the smelting and heat-preserving integrated furnace integrates smelting furnace and heat-preserving functions, but no additional degassing equipment such as furnace bottom air bricks, heat-preserving furnaces and the like is needed, so that a casting process is better designed to ensure that the hydrogen content in the molten aluminum reaches the standard.
2) Refining, namely three times of refining by using a dehydrogenation agent and a deslagging agent. The method comprises the steps of first refining, refining by using a special hydrogen removing agent for an aluminum alloy melt according to the mass of 0.1% -0.2% of the melt, putting the special hydrogen removing agent for the aluminum alloy melt into an aluminum alloy refiner, introducing gas and the special hydrogen removing agent for the aluminum alloy melt into the bottom of the melt through a steel pipe by using nitrogen or argon as a carrier for refining gas, and fully contacting and reacting the special hydrogen removing agent for the aluminum alloy melt with aluminum liquid in the floating process.
Because the special dehydrogenation agent for the aluminum alloy melt is in powder form, the dehydrogenation effect of the dehydrogenation agent can be exerted to the maximum extent. The adding speed of the special hydrogen removing agent for the aluminum alloy melt can be regulated and controlled by a refiner, the time from the beginning of introducing the special hydrogen removing agent for the aluminum alloy melt to the end of using the special hydrogen removing agent for the aluminum alloy melt is 10-20 min, and the refining gas pressure is 0.1-0.3 MPa.
The powdered dehydrogenation agent is carried by carrier gas and reacts rapidly after contacting with aluminum liquid to generate AlCl 3 Gas, C 2 C l4 Gas, HCl gas and small amount of Cl 2 The hydrogen removal of the aluminum alloy melt special-purpose dehydrogenation agent in the aluminum liquid is achieved by two modes: the first kind of hydrogen in the aluminum liquid directly reacts to generate HCl gas which is discharged out of the aluminum liquid; the second is that the hydrogen removing agent reacts with the aluminum liquid to generate small bubbles which are uniformly dispersed, and a hydrogen partial pressure difference exists between the bubbles and the aluminum liquid, so that the hydrogen in the aluminum liquid enters the bubbles and floats upwards along with the bubbles to be carried out of the aluminum liquid. After the first refining is finished by using the special dehydrogenation agent for the aluminum alloy melt, the scum floating on the surface is scraped clean by an iron scraper, and the aluminum alloy melt is sampled and assayed for chemical components and kept stand for 15+/-5 min.
And (3) secondary refining, namely alloying ingredients according to the chemical components of the aluminum liquid, and performing secondary refining after the ingredients are finished. The second refining is consistent with the first refining, and hydrogen in the aluminum liquid is further removed through the second refining.
The specific process of the second refining is to use a special dehydrogenation agent for the aluminum alloy melt to refine according to the mass of 0.1% -0.2% of the melt, put the special dehydrogenation agent for the aluminum alloy melt into an aluminum alloy refiner, take nitrogen or argon as a carrier for refining gas, introduce the special dehydrogenation agent for the gas and the aluminum alloy melt into the bottom of the melt through a steel pipe, and fully contact and react with the aluminum liquid in the floating process of the special dehydrogenation agent for the aluminum alloy melt. After the second refining is finished, the scum floating on the surface is scraped by an iron scraper, chemical components of the aluminum liquid are sampled and assayed, and the aluminum liquid is kept stand for 15+/-5 min.
And in the second refining, the adding speed of the special hydrogen removing agent for the aluminum alloy melt is regulated and controlled by a refiner, the using time from the beginning of the feeding of the special hydrogen removing agent for the aluminum alloy melt to the end of the use of the special hydrogen removing agent for the aluminum alloy melt is 10-20 min, and the pressure of refined gas is 0.1-0.3 mpa.
And (3) refining for the third time by using a deslagging agent according to the mass of 0.1-0.2% of the melt. The deslagging agent is a product which is commercially available, does not have degassing function or has less degassing function, such as a granular refining agent with the model of DURSAILT-FF102, and the like. The main function of the deslagging agent is to fully remove nonmetallic impurities and introductive impurities in the aluminum liquid, promote the separation of the aluminum liquid and slag, and the deslagging agent has the main function of deslagging, does not have or has less degassing function, because the degassing functional components in the refining agent easily cause the introduction of impurities. In the invention, the special hydrogen remover for aluminum alloy melt strengthens the hydrogen removing effect, the deslagging capability is not ideal, and the components of the hydrogen remover can introduce new impurities, so that the deslagging effect can be ensured by refining with the deslagging agent in the last refining.
The third refining process includes the steps of placing the deslagging agent into an aluminum alloy refiner, taking nitrogen or argon as a carrier for refining gas, introducing the gas and the deslagging agent into the bottom of a melt through a steel pipe, fully contacting the deslagging agent with aluminum liquid for reaction, adsorbing and dissolving impurities in the aluminum liquid, and after refining, using iron to remove slag, and standing for 15+/-5 min to obtain the aluminum alloy melt with high purity.
3) Casting, namely, the high-purity aluminum alloy melt obtained in the step 2) flows through an online degassing box from a smelting furnace, is subjected to plate filtration, finally flows to a die plate, and is cast into an aluminum rod after being cooled by the die plate. In the casting process, a hydrogen meter is used for measuring hydrogen in the molten aluminum on line at the positions of an outlet launder of the smelting furnace and a casting mould disk, and the quality of the molten aluminum is monitored.
Example 1
An aluminum alloy casting process mainly comprises the following steps.
1) Firstly, heating up and smelting after 20 tons of raw materials are charged into a gas type smelting and heat preserving integrated furnace, stirring and slagging off are carried out when the temperature of molten aluminum reaches 700 ℃, then the temperature measurement is carried out to confirm whether the temperature of 700-750 ℃ is met, if not, the temperature is continuously increased, and if so, the next step is carried out.
2) Secondly, placing 20kg of a special dehydrogenation agent for the aluminum alloy melt into a refiner, adjusting the adding speed of the dehydrogenation agent through the refiner, setting the adding speed to be 1kg/min, taking argon as a carrier for refining gas, introducing the gas and the dehydrogenation agent into the bottom of the melt through a steel pipe for refining, removing slag cleanly after refining, sampling and testing, and standing for 15min.
In the step, the special dehydrogenation agent for the melt is a powdery material and consists of, by mass, 70% of hexachloroethane, 5% of sodium chloride, 5% of potassium chloride and 20% of potassium-based cryolite.
3) Thirdly, alloying ingredients according to the chemical components of the aluminum liquid, repeating the second step to add 20kg of a special hydrogen remover for the aluminum alloy melt for secondary refining after the ingredients are finished, and sampling and testing after the secondary refining is finished.
4) And fourthly, putting 30kg of slag remover into a refiner, setting the adding speed of the refiner to be 2.0kg/min, taking argon as a carrier for refining gas, introducing the gas and the slag remover into the bottom of the melt through a steel pipe for third refining, and removing slag cleanly and standing for 15min after the third refining is finished.
5) And fifthly, casting, namely, flowing molten aluminum from an outlet of a gas type smelting and heat-preserving integrated furnace charging to an online degassing box, carrying out plate-type filtration, and finally, flowing to a die plate, cooling by the die plate, and casting to obtain an aluminum rod. Using an ABB hydrogen meter (commercial online hydrogen meter) to measure the hydrogen in the aluminum liquid at the outlet of the smelting furnace for 10min, wherein the hydrogen measurement result is 0.362ml/100gAl; and (3) measuring hydrogen at the casting die plate position by using an aluminum liquid of an ABB hydrogen measuring instrument for 10min, wherein the hydrogen measurement result is 0.125ml/100gAl, and the requirements of the standard GBT 33910-2017 aluminum and aluminum alloy extruded section bar for automobiles are met.
Example 2
An aluminum alloy casting process mainly comprises the following steps.
1) Firstly, heating up and smelting after 20 tons of raw materials are charged into a gas type smelting and heat preserving integrated furnace, stirring and slagging off are carried out when the temperature of molten aluminum reaches 700 ℃, then the temperature measurement is carried out to confirm whether the temperature of 700-750 ℃ is met, if not, the temperature is continuously increased, and if so, the next step is carried out.
2) Secondly, placing 40kg of a special dehydrogenation agent for the aluminum alloy melt into a refiner, adjusting the adding speed of the dehydrogenation agent through the refiner, setting the adding speed to be 3kg/min, taking nitrogen as a carrier for refining gas, introducing the gas and the dehydrogenation agent into the bottom of the melt through a steel pipe for refining, removing slag cleanly after refining, sampling and testing, and standing for 20min.
In the step, the special dehydrogenation agent for the melt is a powdery material and consists of 80% of hexachloroethane, 5% of sodium chloride, 5% of potassium chloride and 10% of potassium-based cryolite according to mass percent.
3) Thirdly, alloying ingredients according to the chemical components of the aluminum liquid, repeating the second step to add 40kg of a special hydrogen remover for the aluminum alloy melt for secondary refining after the ingredients are finished, and sampling and testing after the secondary refining is finished.
4) Fourthly, 40kg of slag remover is put into a refiner, the adding speed of the refiner is 3kg/min, the refining gas takes nitrogen as a carrier, the refining air pressure is 0.3MPa, the gas and the refining agent are introduced into the bottom of the melt through a steel pipe for third refining, and after the third refining is finished, slag is removed cleanly and stands for 10min.
5) And fifthly, casting, namely, flowing molten aluminum from an outlet of a gas type smelting and heat-preserving integrated furnace charging to an online degassing box, carrying out plate-type filtration, and finally, flowing to a die plate, cooling by the die plate, and casting to obtain an aluminum rod. Using an ABB hydrogen meter (commercial online hydrogen meter) to measure the hydrogen in the aluminum liquid at the outlet of the smelting furnace for 10min, wherein the hydrogen measurement result is 0.312ml/100gAl; and (3) measuring hydrogen at the casting die plate position by using an aluminum liquid of an ABB hydrogen measuring instrument for 10min, wherein the hydrogen measurement result is 0.121ml/100gAl, and the requirements of a standard GBT 33910-2017 aluminum and aluminum alloy extruded profile for automobiles are met.
Example 3
An aluminum alloy casting process mainly comprises the following steps.
1) Firstly, heating up and smelting after 20 tons of raw materials are charged into a gas type smelting and heat preserving integrated furnace, stirring and slagging off are carried out when the temperature of molten aluminum reaches 700 ℃, then the temperature measurement is carried out to confirm whether the temperature of 700-750 ℃ is met, if not, the temperature is continuously increased, and if so, the next step is carried out.
2) Secondly, putting 30kg of a special dehydrogenation agent for the aluminum alloy melt into a refiner, adjusting the adding speed of the dehydrogenation agent through the refiner, setting the adding speed to be 3kg/min, taking nitrogen as a carrier for refining gas, introducing the gas and the dehydrogenation agent into the bottom of the melt through a steel pipe for refining, removing slag cleanly after refining, sampling and testing, and standing for 10min.
In the step, the special dehydrogenation agent for the melt is a powdery material and consists of, by mass, 90% of hexachloroethane, 1% of sodium chloride, 1% of potassium chloride and 8% of potassium-based cryolite.
3) Thirdly, alloying ingredients according to the chemical components of the aluminum liquid, repeating the second step to add 30kg of a special hydrogen remover for the aluminum alloy melt for secondary refining after the ingredients are finished, and sampling and testing after the secondary refining is finished.
4) And fourthly, putting 20kg of slag remover into a refiner, setting the adding speed of the refiner to be 3kg/min, taking nitrogen as a carrier for refining gas, and introducing the gas and the slag remover into the bottom of the melt through a steel pipe for third refining, and removing slag cleanly and standing for 20min after the third refining is finished.
5) And fifthly, casting, namely, flowing molten aluminum from an outlet of a gas type smelting and heat-preserving integrated furnace charging to an online degassing box, carrying out plate-type filtration, and finally, flowing to a die plate, cooling by the die plate, and casting to obtain an aluminum rod. Using an ABB hydrogen meter (commercial online hydrogen meter) to measure the hydrogen in the aluminum liquid at the outlet of the smelting furnace, wherein the measurement time is 10min, and the hydrogen measurement result is 0.343ml/100gAl; and (3) measuring hydrogen at the casting die plate position by using an aluminum liquid of an ABB hydrogen measuring instrument for 10min, wherein the hydrogen measurement result is 0.132ml/100gAl, and the requirements of a standard GBT 33910-2017 aluminum and aluminum alloy extruded profile for automobiles are met.
Example 4
An aluminum alloy casting process mainly comprises the following steps.
1) Firstly, heating up and smelting after 20 tons of raw materials are charged into a gas type smelting and heat preserving integrated furnace, stirring and slagging off are carried out when the temperature of molten aluminum reaches 700 ℃, then the temperature measurement is carried out to confirm whether the temperature of 700-750 ℃ is met, if not, the temperature is continuously increased, and if so, the next step is carried out.
2) Secondly, putting 30kg of a special dehydrogenation agent for the aluminum alloy melt into a refiner, adjusting the adding speed of the dehydrogenation agent through the refiner, setting the adding speed to be 2kg/min, taking argon as a carrier for refining gas, introducing the gas and the dehydrogenation agent into the bottom of the melt through a steel pipe for refining, removing slag cleanly after refining, sampling and testing, and standing for 15min.
In the step, the special dehydrogenation agent for the melt is a powdery material and consists of 50% of hexachloroethane, 5% of sodium chloride, 5% of potassium chloride and 40% of potassium-based cryolite according to mass percent.
3) Thirdly, alloying ingredients according to the chemical components of the aluminum liquid, repeating the second step to add 30kg of a special hydrogen remover for the aluminum alloy melt for secondary refining after the ingredients are finished, and sampling and testing after the secondary refining is finished.
4) And fourthly, putting 30kg of slag remover into a refiner, setting the adding speed of the refiner to be 2kg/min, taking argon as a carrier for refining gas, introducing the gas and the slag remover into the bottom of the melt through a steel pipe for third refining, removing slag cleanly after the third refining is finished, and standing for 15min, wherein the refining gas is under the pressure of 0.15 MPa.
5) And fifthly, casting, namely, flowing molten aluminum from an outlet of a gas type smelting and heat-preserving integrated furnace charging to an online degassing box, carrying out plate-type filtration, and finally, flowing to a die plate, cooling by the die plate, and casting to obtain an aluminum rod.
Using an ABB hydrogen meter (commercial online hydrogen meter) to measure the hydrogen in the aluminum liquid at the outlet of the smelting furnace for 10min, wherein the hydrogen measurement result is 0.355ml/100gAl; and (3) measuring hydrogen at the casting die plate position by using an aluminum liquid of an ABB hydrogen measuring instrument for 10min, wherein the hydrogen measurement result is 0.135ml/100gAl, and the requirements of the standard GBT 33910-2017 aluminum and aluminum alloy extruded section bar for automobiles are met.
Comparative example 1.
An aluminum alloy casting process mainly comprises the following steps.
1) Firstly, heating up and smelting after 20 tons of raw materials are charged into a gas type smelting and heat preserving integrated furnace, stirring and slagging off are carried out when the temperature of molten aluminum reaches 700 ℃, then the temperature measurement is carried out to confirm whether the temperature of 700-750 ℃ is met, if not, the temperature is continuously increased, and if so, the next step is carried out.
2) Secondly, placing 20kg of a powdered dehydrogenation agent with the hexachloroethane content of 30wt%, the sodium chloride content of 5%, the potassium chloride content of 5% and the balance of potassium-based cryolite into a refiner, adjusting the adding speed of the dehydrogenation agent through the refiner, setting the adding speed to be 1kg/min, taking argon as a carrier for refining gas, introducing the gas and the dehydrogenation agent into the bottom of a melt through a steel pipe for refining, removing slag cleanly after the refining is finished, sampling and testing, and standing for 15min.
3) And thirdly, alloying ingredients according to chemical components of aluminum liquid, repeating the second step after the ingredients are finished, adding 20kg of a dehydrogenation agent with the hexachloroethane content of 30wt%, the sodium chloride content of 5%, the potassium chloride content of 5% and the balance potassium-based cryolite, and sampling and testing after the second refining is finished.
4) And fourthly, putting 30kg of slag remover into a refiner, setting the adding speed of the refiner to be 2.0kg/min, taking argon as a carrier for refining gas, introducing the gas and the slag remover into the bottom of the melt for refining through a steel pipe, and removing slag cleanly and standing for 15min after refining is finished.
5) And fifthly, casting, namely, flowing molten aluminum from an outlet of a gas type smelting and heat-preserving integrated furnace charging to an online degassing box, carrying out plate-type filtration, and finally, flowing to a die plate, and casting into aluminum bars after cooling by the die plate.
Measuring hydrogen at the outlet of the smelting furnace by using an ABB hydrogen measuring instrument, wherein the measuring time is 10min, and the hydrogen measuring result is 0.485ml/100gAl; and (3) measuring hydrogen at the casting die plate position by using an aluminum liquid of an ABB hydrogen measuring instrument for 10min, wherein the hydrogen measurement result is 0.243ml/100gAl, and the requirement of a standard GBT 33910-2017 aluminum and aluminum alloy extruded profile for automobiles is not met.
The alloying ingredients of examples 1 to 4 and comparative example 1 of the present invention were all conducted according to the 1-series aluminum alloy, and the ingredients were the same. The batching requirement is Si:0.04 to 0.07 percent, fe:0.10 to 0.15 percent, cu is less than or equal to 0.03 percent, mg:0.001 to 0.03 percent of Zn:0.001 to 0.03 percent, V:0.001% -0.03%, ti: 0.003-0.04%, single impurity less than or equal to 0.05%, impurity less than or equal to 0.15%.
In addition, the technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and for brevity, all of the possible combinations of the technical features of the above embodiments are not described, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. The non-illustrated portions of the specific embodiments are prior art or common general knowledge.
It should be further noted that in the description of the present invention, the details of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the examples included are chosen to provide a more readily understood understanding of the present invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. In case of conflict, the present specification, definitions, will control.
In the present invention, the term "prepared from …" is synonymous with "comprising". The terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," or any other variation thereof, as used herein, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, step, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, step, method, article, or apparatus.
In the present invention, when an equivalent, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, preferred range, or a range bounded by a list of upper preferable values and lower preferable values, this is to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of any upper range limit or preferred value and any lower range limit or preferred value, regardless of whether ranges are separately disclosed. For example, when ranges of "1 to 5" are disclosed, the described ranges should be construed to include ranges of "1 to 4", "1 to 3", "1 to 2 and 4 to 5", "1 to 3 and 5", and the like. When a numerical range is described in the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the range is intended to include its endpoints and all integers and fractions within the range.
Furthermore, the indefinite articles "a" and "an" preceding an element or component of the invention are not limited to the requirements of the number of elements or components (i.e. the number of occurrences). Thus, the use of "a" or "an" should be interpreted as including one or at least one, and the singular reference of an element or component also includes the plural reference unless the amount is obvious to the singular reference.
Claims (10)
1. The special dehydrogenation agent for the aluminum alloy melt is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 50-90% of hexachloroethane, 1-5% of sodium chloride, 1-5% of potassium chloride and the balance of potassium-based cryolite; all the raw materials are powdery substances; the preparation method comprises mixing the above materials.
2. The special dehydrogenation agent for aluminum alloy melt as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 70-80% of hexachloroethane, 1-5% of sodium chloride, 1-5% of potassium chloride and the balance of potassium-based cryolite.
3. An aluminum alloy casting process is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps:
1) Melting, namely melting an aluminum alloy raw material into a melt in a melting furnace, enabling the temperature to reach 700-750 ℃, and then stirring to enable the temperature to be uniform and skimming slag;
2) Refining, wherein the aluminum alloy melt special-purpose hydrogen remover and the deslagging agent as claimed in any one of claims 1-2 are used for three times;
the primary refining is carried out by using a special dehydrogenation agent for the aluminum alloy melt according to the mass of 0.1% -0.2% of the melt; after the first refining is finished, floating scum on the surface of the melt is scraped clean, and the mixture is kept stand for 15+/-5 min;
secondary refining, namely performing secondary refining by using a special dehydrogenation agent for the aluminum alloy melt according to the mass of 0.1% -0.2% of the melt; after the second refining is finished, the scum floating on the surface of the melt is scraped clean and kept stand for 15+/-5 min;
performing third refining, namely performing third refining by using a deslagging agent according to the mass of 0.1% -0.2% of the melt, and after finishing the third refining, removing scum floating on the surface of the melt, and standing for 15+/-5 min to obtain the high-purity aluminum alloy melt;
3) Casting, namely casting the high-purity aluminum alloy melt obtained in the step 2) into an aluminum rod.
4. An aluminum alloy casting process as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step 2) refining step, a hydrogen removing agent and a slag removing agent which are specific to an aluminum alloy melt are added to the bottom of the melt through an aluminum alloy refiner, and the aluminum alloy refiner controls the addition rates of the hydrogen removing agent and the slag removing agent which are specific to the aluminum alloy melt.
5. An aluminum alloy casting process as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the refining step of step 2), the refining vessel adds a hydrogen removing agent and a slag removing agent specific to the aluminum alloy melt to the bottom of the melt with a refining gas as a carrier, the refining gas being nitrogen or argon.
6. The aluminum alloy casting process according to claim 5, wherein the time from the start of the introduction of the hydrogen removing agent/deslagging agent special for the aluminum alloy melt to the completion of the use of the hydrogen removing agent/deslagging agent special for the aluminum alloy melt is 10-20 min, and the refining gas pressure is 0.1-0.3 MPa.
7. An aluminum alloy casting process as claimed in claim 3, wherein an aluminum liquid chemical composition testing step is provided after completion of the first refining and before the second refining, and an alloying batch is performed according to the testing result.
8. An aluminum alloy casting process according to claim 3, wherein in the melting step of step 1), the melting furnace is a melting and heat-preserving integrated furnace, and a suction device is provided corresponding to the melting and heat-preserving integrated furnace and is used for sucking out smoke generated in the refining process.
9. An aluminium alloy casting process according to claim 3, wherein in step 3) the casting step the molten aluminium flows from the outlet of the melting furnace through an in-line degassing tank, plate filtration and finally to a mould, cooled by the mould and cast into aluminium bars.
10. An aluminium alloy casting process according to claim 9, wherein an on-line hydrogen meter is provided at the outlet of the smelting furnace and at the mould plate respectively.
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