CN110592438A - Formula and preparation method of high-performance A356 aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Formula and preparation method of high-performance A356 aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
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Abstract
The invention discloses a formula and a preparation method of a high-performance A356 aluminum alloy, which relate to the technical field of aluminum alloy production and comprise, by mass, 6.8 ~ 7.4.4% of Si, 0.30 ~ 0.35.35% of Mg, 0.10 ~ 0.15.15% of Ti, 0.02 ~ 0.030.030% of Sr, less than or equal to 0.10% of Fe, less than 0.003% of Ca, less than 0.03% of Zn, less than 0.05% of Mn, less than 0.008% of Ni, less than 0.002% of P, less than 0.05% of Cu, and the balance of Al..
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy production, in particular to a formula and a preparation method of a high-performance A356 aluminum alloy.
Background
The A356 aluminum alloy is an aluminum-based high-silicon alloy, and the A356 aluminum alloy is an Al-Si binary alloy with magnesium added to form a strengthening phase Mg2Si, the aging strengthening capability of the alloy is obviously improved through heat treatment, and the mechanical property of the alloy is improved. The A356 aluminum alloy has excellent casting properties, good strength and impact toughness through heat treatment, anHas good plasticity and becomes the first material of the automobile hub.
With the development of the automobile industry, the performance index of the automobile is gradually improved, the automobile hub is used as a key part in the automobile related to the automobile safety, the performance requirement is gradually improved, the component regulation and control of the A356 aluminum alloy are more precise, the strength and toughness of the A356 aluminum alloy in the existing market cannot meet the market demand easily, and the A356 aluminum alloy with higher strength and toughness is developed into the current trend.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention aims to provide a formula and a preparation method of A356 aluminum alloy, and aims to solve the technical problem that the A356 aluminum alloy in the prior art is poor in strength and toughness.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a formula and a preparation method of a high-performance A356 aluminum alloy comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 6.8 to 7.4 percent of Si, 0.30 to 0.35 percent of Mg, 0.10 to 0.15 percent of Ti, 0.02 to 0.030 percent of Sr, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Fe, less than 0.003 percent of Ca, less than 0.03 percent of Zn, less than 0.05 percent of Mn, less than 0.008 percent of Ni, less than 0.002 percent of P, less than 0.05 percent of Cu and the balance of Al.
The formula and the preparation method of the high-performance A356 aluminum alloy comprise the following steps:
s1, feeding: adding molten aluminum into a smelting furnace, and then adding industrial silicon, metal magnesium and aluminum-titanium alloy, wherein the material ratio is as follows: aluminum liquid: industrial silicon: metal magnesium: aluminum-titanium alloy 10: 0.785: 0.037: 0.132.
s2, smelting: adjusting the temperature of the smelting furnace to 680-720 ℃, and stirring for 25-30 min.
S3, refining: and adding a flux into the melt, and filling argon for blowing and refining.
S4, slagging off: and standing the melt for 5-10 min, and scraping and transporting away the floating slag on the surface of the aluminum liquid.
S5, modification: and adding the aluminum-strontium alloy into the melt, and stirring for 15-20 min.
S6, heat preservation: and standing the melt for more than 15min, and adjusting the temperature of the smelting furnace to 660-700 ℃.
S7, discharging: and (4) enabling the melt to enter a degassing machine along a flow groove for degassing, and then entering a filter box for filtering.
S8, casting: and casting the filtered melt on a crystallization wheel through a small casting ladle, controlling the temperature of the small casting ladle to be 630-670 ℃, continuously adding the aluminum-titanium-boron alloy in the casting process at the speed of 0.71-0.75 m/min, and continuously cooling the crystallization wheel through water spraying to form a cast ingot.
In step S1, after the smelting furnace is emptied, the industrial silicon is added quantitatively at first, then the aluminum liquid is added, and finally the industrial silicon is added quantitatively according to the mixture ratio.
Wherein, in the step S2, when stirring for 20min, sampling and detecting the calcium content in the melt, and directly refining if the calcium content is less than or equal to 30 ppm; if the calcium content is more than 30ppm, the calcium is removed and then refined.
In step S3, the first sampling is performed after the refining process is completed, and the sampling component requirements are as follows: 7.0-7.4% of Si, 0.32-0.36% of Mg, 0.10-0.15% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.10% of Fe, less than 0.003% of Ca, less than 0.03% of Zn, less than 0.05% of Mn, less than 0.008% of Ni, less than 0.002% of P and less than 0.05% of Cu, when the components are unqualified, the aluminum liquid or the industrial silicon is supplemented for adjustment, and the aluminum liquid or the industrial silicon is supplemented for refining again.
In step S4, a second sampling is performed after the modification process is completed, and the sampling has the following components: 7.0-7.4% of Si, 0.32-0.36% of Mg, 0.10-0.15% of Ti, 0.022-0.30% of Sr, less than or equal to 0.10% of Fe, less than 0.003% of Ca, less than 0.03% of Zn, less than 0.05% of Mn, less than 0.008% of Ni, less than 0.002% of P, less than 0.05% of Cu, and when the components are unqualified, the adjustment is carried out by supplementing aluminum liquid or aluminum-strontium alloy.
And the first sampling and the second sampling are both 30-50 cm from the center of a hearth of the smelting furnace to the two sides, the melt liquid level is below 10cm, and 2 sample blocks are taken for chemical component analysis.
In the step S7, the height of the liquid level of the melt in the launder is controlled to be 8-15 cm away from the upper edge of the launder.
In step S7, before the melt enters the degasser, the discharging speed of the discharging port of the smelting furnace is adjusted until no scum is generated on the melt level in the launder and the tundish, and the generated scum is cleaned.
In step S8, the filtered melt firstly enters a tundish, the tundish is placed in a slag box, and the melt of the tundish flows into a small casting ladle when the temperature reaches 630-670 ℃.
After the technical scheme is adopted, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the formula of the high-performance A356 aluminum alloy of the invention is as follows: the Ti and Sr elements are added in a reasonable proportioning mode, and the Fe, Ca, Zn, Mn, Ni, P and Cu elements are controlled on a reasonable low-content level, so that the formula of the A356 aluminum alloy and the formula of the preparation method have stable and reasonable component proportion, uniform tissue, obviously improved strength and toughness, and can well meet the requirement of market development. The invention is applied to the formula of A356 aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof: by adding Ti and Sr elements into the melt, the stable refinement and deterioration of the melt structure are realized, and the formula and the performance of the preparation method of the A356 aluminum alloy are improved; the preparation method applied to the formula and the preparation method of the A356 aluminum alloy adopts twice sampling detection, effectively monitors the components of the melt, can effectively correct the components, ensures that the components of the formula and the preparation method of the A356 aluminum alloy reach the standard, and ensures that the product quality is better and stable.
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Detailed Description
All the orientations referred to in the specification are based on the orientation of equipment adopted by the preparation method of the A356 aluminum alloy in the invention during normal operation, the orientations during storage and transportation are not limited, and only relative position relations are represented, but absolute position relations are not represented.
A formula of a high-performance A356 aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.8 to 7.4 percent of Si, 0.30 to 0.35 percent of Mg, 0.10 to 0.15 percent of Ti, 0.02 to 0.030 percent of Sr, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Fe, less than 0.003 percent of Ca, less than 0.03 percent of Zn, less than 0.05 percent of Mn, less than 0.008 percent of Ni, less than 0.002 percent of P, less than 0.05 percent of Cu and the balance of Al.
The first embodiment is as follows: the formula of the high-performance A356 aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6.8% of Si, 0.30% of Mg, 0.10% of Ti, 0.02% of Sr, Fe: 0.10%, Ca: 0.003%, Zn: 0.03%, Mn: 0.05%, Ni: 0.008%, P: 0.002%, Cu: 0.05% and the balance of Al.
Example two: the formula of the high-performance A356 aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the weight percentages are as follows: 7.0% of Si, 0.32% of Mg, 0.12% of Ti, 0.023% of Sr, and the weight ratio of Fe: 0.10%, Ca: 0.003%, Zn: 0.03%, Mn: 0.05%, Ni: 0.008%, P: 0.002%, Cu: 0.05% and the balance of Al.
Example three: the formula of the high-performance A356 aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the weight percentages are as follows: 7.3% of Si, 0.34% of Mg, 0.14% of Ti, 0.024% of Sr, Fe: 0.10%, Ca: 0.003%, Zn: 0.03%, Mn: 0.05%, Ni: 0.008%, P: 0.002%, Cu: 0.05% and the balance of Al.
Example four: the formula of the high-performance A356 aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7.4% of Si, 0.35% of Mg, 0.15% of Ti, 0.030% of Sr, and the molar ratio of Fe: 0.10%, Ca: 0.003%, Zn: 0.03%, Mn: 0.05%, Ni: 0.008%, P: 0.002%, Cu: 0.05% and the balance of Al.
Comparative example 1: the weight percentages are as follows: 7.25% of Si, 0.28% of Mg, 0.12% of Ti, Fe: 0.15%, Zn: 0.03%, Mn: 0.05%, Ni: 0.02%, P: 0.01%, Cu: 0.05% and the balance of Al.
Comparative example 2: the weight percentages are as follows: 7.10% of Si, 0.30% of Mg, 0.09% of Ti, 0.015% of Sr, and the weight ratio of Fe: 0.13%, Ca: 0.003%, Zn: 0.03%, Mn: 0.05%, Ni: 0.02%, P: 0.01%, Cu: 0.05% and the balance of Al.
Physical properties were tested for each example and comparative example, with the following results:
according to the table, the tensile strength, the yield strength and the elongation of the high-performance A356 aluminum alloy prepared by the method are improved by more than 10%, 10% and 11%.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-performance A356 aluminum alloy in the embodiment, which comprises the following steps:
step one, feeding: adding aluminum liquid into a smelting furnace, wherein the aluminum liquid is electrolytic aluminum liquid, weighing and measuring the temperature of the electrolytic aluminum liquid before the electrolytic aluminum liquid enters the smelting furnace, and recording data; sampling again to analyze chemical components, and requiring that the content of iron is less than or equal to 0.08%; then adding industrial silicon, metal magnesium and aluminum-titanium alloy, wherein in the embodiment, the specification of the industrial silicon is 3303 or 2202, the specification of the metal magnesium is Mg9980 or Mg9990 or Mg9995, and the specification of the aluminum-titanium alloy is AlTi10 or AlTi 15. The material ratio is as follows: al: si: mg: AlTi10 ═ 10: 0.785: 0.037: 0.132.
Step two, smelting: and adjusting the temperature of the smelting furnace to 680-720 ℃, and stirring by a stirrer, wherein the frequency of the stirrer is 30Hz, and the stirring time is 25-30 min.
Step three, refining: the refining pipe of the refiner is in a shape like a Chinese character '#', the refining pipe reciprocates in the furnace, when the refining pipe is immersed in the depth of 20cm below the liquid level of the melt, the stirring is started in the flux blowing process, and the dosage of the refining agent is as follows: 40 kg/furnace/time.
Fourthly, slagging off: and standing the melt for 5-10 min, and then carrying out slag skimming, specifically, skimming the floating slag on the surface of the aluminum liquid into an ash frying pan by using a rake, and conveying the aluminum ash to an ash frying machine for ash frying after the slag skimming is finished.
Step five, deterioration: adding an aluminum strontium alloy into the melt, wherein the specification of the aluminum strontium alloy is AlSr10 or AlSr15, the adding amount of the aluminum strontium alloy is 0.028 10Kg of the weight of the melt, starting stirring after adding, and the stirring time is 15-20 min.
Sixthly, heat preservation: and standing the melt for more than 15min, and adjusting the temperature of the smelting furnace to 660-700 ℃. Step seven, discharging: after the components in the smelting furnace are qualified, when the production conditions are met, the melt continuously flows out along the launder, preferably, the liquid level of the melt in the launder is controlled at a position 8-15 cm away from the upper edge of the launder, so that the overflow of the melt from the launder due to too high liquid level is avoided, the liquid level is too low, the melt flow is small, and the cutoff is easily caused. The melt enters a degassing machine through a chute for degassing, and the degassing machine rotatesThe sub-rotation speed is 30rpm, and the flow rate of the introduced nitrogen is 3-5 m3And h, enabling the melt after degassing to enter a filter box, wherein a filter plate is arranged in the filter box, and the filter plate is preferably made of foamed ceramic with the specification of 30 meshes and used for fully filtering impurities in the melt.
Step eight, casting: the filtered melt reaches a small casting ladle, the temperature of the small casting ladle is controlled to be 630-670 ℃, after the melt enters a lower guide pipe of the small casting ladle, a ceramic plug on the lower guide pipe is loosened, the melt smoothly reaches a casting nozzle of the small casting ladle, a crystallization wheel is started, a balance weight is adjusted at the same time, the flow rate of the melt is controlled, the rotating speed of the crystallization wheel is adjusted at the same time, the melt enters the crystallization wheel, a plurality of nozzles are arranged outside the crystallization wheel and communicated with a high-pressure water source, the water inlet temperature of the nozzles is less than or equal to 50 ℃, the water inlet pressure is 0.4-0.6 MpA356 aluminum alloy, the formula and the preparation method spray the crystallization wheel through the nozzles, and the melt is cooled into. And continuously adding the aluminum-titanium-boron alloy through a wire feeding machine in the casting process, wherein the wire feeding speed is 0.71-0.75 m/min.
The finished product treatment process of the cast ingot comprises the following steps: after the ingot is rotated out of the crystallization wheel, taking down the dummy bar head, sending the dummy bar head to a tractor, pressing an upper traction wheel of the tractor, and realizing the synchronous action of the tractor and the crystallization wheel by adjusting the rotating speed of the lower traction wheel; straightening the cast ingot passing through the tractor by a straightening machine; after straightening, the cast ingot enters a rolling and stacking machine, and is pressed tightly by the rolling and stacking machine, so that the rolling and stacking machine presses the surface of the cast ingot, and the pressing depth is 1-2 mm; then, a roller shear is started to shear the cast ingot, and the shearing length is 740 cm; picking out the cast ingots with unqualified bending, flash and length, and then putting the cast ingots into an aluminum ingot box, wherein the cast ingots which are skewed and can not enter a transportation rail are timely aligned or moved out; the ingot after shearing is put into a cooling water tank for secondary cooling, so that the temperature of the ingot is reduced to below 50 ℃; and finally, stacking and packaging the cast ingots.
In step 1, the industrial silicon is added in two steps: the method comprises the steps of firstly, emptying materials from a smelting furnace, then quantitatively adding industrial silicon, wherein the adding amount is 970-1030 Kg, then adding aluminum liquid, and finally, quantitatively adding the industrial silicon according to the proportion, so that the material mixing time is shorter.
In the step 2, when stirring for 20min, sampling and detecting the calcium content in the melt, and directly carrying out the refining procedure in the step 3 if the calcium content is less than or equal to 30 ppm; if the calcium content is more than 30ppm, the calcium is removed, then refining is carried out, and the aim of removing calcium is achieved by adding a calcium remover into a refiner for blowing and refining.
In step 3, sampling for the first time after the refining process is finished, wherein the sampling component requirements are as follows: 7.0-7.4% of Si, 0.32-0.36% of Mg, 0.10-0.15% of Ti, less than or equal to 0.10% of Fe, less than 0.003% of Ca, less than 0.03% of Zn, less than 0.05% of Mn, less than 0.008% of Ni, less than 0.002% of P and less than 0.05% of Cu, when the components are unqualified, the aluminum liquid or the industrial silicon is supplemented for adjustment, and the aluminum liquid or the industrial silicon is supplemented for refining again; in step 4, sampling for the second time after the modification process is finished, wherein the sampling comprises the following components: 7.0-7.4% of Si, 0.32-0.36% of Mg, 0.10-0.15% of Ti, 0.022-0.30% of Sr, less than or equal to 0.10% of Fe, less than 0.003% of Ca, less than 0.03% of Zn, less than 0.05% of Mn, less than 0.008% of Ni, less than 0.002% of P, less than 0.05% of Cu, and when the components are unqualified, the adjustment is carried out by supplementing aluminum liquid or aluminum-strontium alloy. The twice sampling ensures the qualification rate of the melt and provides guarantee for the quality of finished products. First sample and second sample all from smelting furnace center to 30 ~ 50cm departments of both sides direction to be below the fuse-element liquid level 10cm, take 2 sample pieces to carry out chemical composition analysis, guarantee the sample quality, promoted the accuracy nature that detects.
In step S7, before the melt enters the degasser, a certain amount of dross is formed in the melt, and the dross is first taken out, and the discharge speed of the discharge opening of the smelting furnace is adjusted until no dross is generated at the melt level in the launder and the tundish, and then the remaining dross is cleaned.
In step S8, the filtered melt first enters a tundish, the melt loaded in the tundish is first put into a slag box, the tundish is laid flat when the temperature reaches 630 to 670 ℃, the melt flows into a small ladle, a float is mounted at the lower port of an upper flow guide pipe of the small ladle, the float realizes automatic flow control of the melt, and the aluminum attached on the surface of the float is cleaned in time after the float floats.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and those skilled in the art will be able to make various modifications without creative efforts from the above-described conception, and fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The formula and the preparation method of the high-performance A356 aluminum alloy are characterized in that the formula comprises, by mass, 6.8 ~ 7.4.4% of Si, 0.30 ~ 0.35.35% of Mg, 0.10 ~ 0.15.15% of Ti, 0.02 ~ 0.030.030% of Sr, less than or equal to 0.10% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.003% of Ca, less than or equal to 0.03% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.05% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.008% of Ni, less than or equal to 0.002% of P, less than or equal to 0.05% of Cu, and the balance of Al.
2. The formula and the preparation method of the high-performance A356 aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
s1, feeding: adding molten aluminum into a smelting furnace, and then adding industrial silicon, metal magnesium and aluminum-titanium alloy, wherein the material ratio is as follows: aluminum liquid: industrial silicon: metal magnesium: aluminum titanium alloy = 10: 0.785: 0.037: 0.132;
s2, smelting, namely adjusting the temperature of a smelting furnace to 680 ~ 720 ℃, and stirring for 25 ~ 30 min;
s3, refining: adding a flux into the melt, and filling argon for blowing and refining;
s4, slagging off, namely standing the melt for 5 ~ 10min, and carrying out floating slag on the surface of the aluminum liquid;
s5, modifying, namely adding the aluminum-strontium alloy into the melt, and stirring for 15 ~ 20 min;
s6, preserving heat, namely standing the melt for more than 15min, and adjusting the temperature of a smelting furnace to 660 ~ 700 ℃;
s7, discharging: enabling the melt to enter a degassing machine along a launder for degassing, and then entering a filter box for filtering;
and S8, casting, namely casting the filtered melt on a crystallization wheel through a small casting ladle, controlling the temperature of the small casting ladle to be 630 ~ 670 ℃, continuously adding the aluminum-titanium-boron alloy during casting at the speed of 0.71 ~ 0.75.75 m/min, and continuously cooling the crystallization wheel through water spray to form a cast ingot.
3. The formula and the preparation method of the high-performance A356 aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step S1, after emptying the smelting furnace, the industrial silicon is added quantitatively at first, then the aluminum liquid is added, and finally the industrial silicon is added quantitatively according to the mixture ratio.
4. The formula and the preparation method of the high-performance A356 aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step S2, when stirring for 20min, sampling to detect the calcium content in the melt, and if the calcium content is less than or equal to 30ppm, directly refining; if the calcium content is more than 30ppm, the calcium is removed and then refined.
5. The formulation and preparation method of high performance A356 aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step S3, the refining process is completed and then the first sampling is performed, wherein the sampling is performed according to the composition of Si 7.0 ~ 7.4.4%, Mg 0.32 ~ 0.36.36%, Ti 0.10 ~ 0.15.15%, Fe < 0.10%, Ca < 0.003%, Zn < 0.03%, Mn < 0.05%, Ni < 0.008%, P < 0.002%, Cu < 0.05%, when the composition is not qualified, the aluminum liquid or industrial silicon is supplemented for adjustment, and the aluminum liquid or industrial silicon is supplemented and then re-refined.
6. The formulation and preparation method of claim 5, wherein in step S4, a second sampling is performed after the modification process, wherein the sampling is performed according to the composition of Si 7.0 ~ 7.4.4%, Mg 0.32 ~ 0.36.36%, Ti 0.10 ~ 0.15.15%, Sr 0.022 ~ 0.30.30%, Fe is less than or equal to 0.10%, Ca is less than 0.003%, Zn is less than 0.03%, Mn is less than 0.05%, Ni is less than 0.008%, P is less than 0.002%, Cu is less than 0.05%, and when the composition is not qualified, the adjustment is performed by adding aluminum liquid or aluminum strontium alloy.
7. The formulation and preparation method of a high performance A356 aluminum alloy according to claim 6, wherein the first sampling and the second sampling are 30 ~ 50cm from the center of the hearth of the melting furnace to both sides and are below 10cm of the melt level, and 2 samples are taken for chemical composition analysis.
8. The formulation and preparation method of claim 2, wherein the level of the melt in the launder is controlled at 8 ~ 15cm from the upper edge of the launder in step S7.
9. The formulation and preparation method of a high performance A356 aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step S7, before the melt enters the degasser, the discharging speed of the discharging port of the melting furnace is adjusted until no dross is generated on the melt level in the launder and the tundish, and the dross generated is cleaned.
10. The formulation and preparation method of a high performance A356 aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 8, wherein in step S8, the filtered melt is first poured into a tundish, the tundish is placed in a slag box, and the tundish melt is poured into a tundish when the temperature reaches 630 ~ ℃.
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| CN114959377A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-08-30 | 江苏大学 | Ultrahigh-strength and high-toughness deformable cast aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20191220 |