CN116789380A - Lightweight aggregate prepared from solid waste, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Lightweight aggregate prepared from solid waste, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116789380A CN116789380A CN202310757398.2A CN202310757398A CN116789380A CN 116789380 A CN116789380 A CN 116789380A CN 202310757398 A CN202310757398 A CN 202310757398A CN 116789380 A CN116789380 A CN 116789380A
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- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012216 bentonite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010878 waste rock Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- -1 gangue Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000629036 Lumbricus terrestris Myosin regulatory light chain, striated muscle, 25 kDa isoform Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000281 calcium bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011456 concrete brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011464 hollow brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009270 solid waste treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention discloses a lightweight aggregate prepared from solid waste, and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of comprehensive utilization of solid waste. The invention uses waste stone, tailing slag, gangue, oil-containing sludge, fly ash and other solid wastes as raw materials, and prepares the concrete lightweight aggregate under the high temperature condition by adding additives. The particle size distribution of the lightweight aggregate is 0.1-60mm, and the density is 400-1200kg/m 3 The cylinder pressure reaches 2-8MPa. The grade distribution of the lightweight structural concrete prepared by the lightweight aggregate is LC5-LC60, and the minimum coefficient of heat conductivity can reach 0.13. The book is provided withThe lightweight aggregate prepared by the invention can replace natural sand and stone, and can be used for producing building materials such as heat-insulating concrete, heat-insulating structure concrete, structure concrete and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a lightweight aggregate prepared from solid waste, and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of comprehensive utilization of solid waste.
Background
Industries such as mineral exploitation, petroleum exploitation, coal and electricity production and the like produce huge amounts of solid wastes such as waste stones, tailing slag, coal gangue, oily sludge, fly ash and the like, and the current production amount reaches remarkable 50 hundred million tons/year. The solid wastes not only cause environmental pollution and ecological damage, but also occupy a large amount of land resources, and rational treatment, disposal and resource utilization are needed. Various solid wastes containA large amount of SiO 2 ，Al 2 O 3 、Fe 2 O 3 、CaCO 3 Inorganic substances, etc., are all extremely valuable raw materials for building materials.
At present, a large amount of solid waste in China is in a state of piling up and waiting to be treated, and particularly a large amount of coarse coal ash cannot be safely utilized and has to be accumulated in a large amount; the solid waste such as waste rock, tailing slag, coal gangue and the like is mainly backfilled in the pit. Under the background of carbon neutralization and carbon peak, resource utilization is a necessary trend of solid waste treatment and disposal. The technology of preparing haydite, brick making, cement and the like by utilizing solid wastes has some problems in different degrees. For example, the gangue has high carbon content, is directly used as building materials, and has low self strength and poor cement adhesion; the waste stone, tailing slag, gangue and the like are calcined at high temperature to prepare the ceramsite, so that the problems of high energy consumption, single product, low added value and the like exist, and the problems of influencing the quality of cement, limiting the doping amount and the like exist in the preparation of cement.
The lightweight aggregate has a bulk density of 1200kg/m or less 3 Can replace natural sand stone as concrete aggregate. At present, the sand and stone extraction is forbidden or limited in China, so that the building sand and stone are extremely in shortage. Under the background of carbon neutralization and carbon reaching peak, the country encourages the use of waste stone, tailing slag, coal gangue, oily sludge, fly ash and the like as raw materials to manufacture building materials such as lightweight aggregate and the like to replace natural sand and stone.
The invention innovates and improves the traditional roasting process, changes the mineral composition of the lightweight aggregate through high-temperature roasting, promotes the secondary hydration reaction to strengthen the bonding effect between the lightweight aggregate and the cement matrix and improve the compressive strength; in the invention, dynamic preheating and static sintering are combined, so that the waste heat is recycled, the energy utilization efficiency is greatly improved, and the energy is saved and the environment is protected; the invention utilizes bulk solid waste to prepare the concrete lightweight aggregate, which not only solves the problem of environmental pollution of the solid waste, but also realizes changing waste into valuables and solves the problem of shortage of sand materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems in the prior art, and provides a lightweight aggregate prepared from solid waste, and a preparation method and application thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a lightweight aggregate prepared from solid waste, which is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 90-99% of solid waste and 1-10% of additive.
Further defined, the additives include calcium oxide, ferric oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, bentonite, starch, and sodium borate.
Further defined, the additive consists of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 1-10% of calcium oxide, 1-20% of ferric oxide, 1-10% of calcium carbonate, 1-15% of calcium phosphate, 1-5% of sodium borate, 10-30% of bentonite, 5-15% of starch and the balance of water.
Further limited, the solid waste is one or more of waste stone, tailing slag, coal gangue, oil-containing sludge and fly ash.
Further defined, the particle size of the produced lightweight aggregate is 0.1-60mm, and the bulk density is 400-1200kg/m 3 The cylinder pressure strength is 2-8mpa, and the water absorption rate is 4-10% in 1 h.
The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the lightweight aggregate, comprising the steps of:
(1) Crushing the solid waste, and sieving to obtain solid waste particles with the particle size of 0.1-50 mm;
(2) Adding additives into the solid waste, uniformly mixing, sequentially performing aging, high-temperature roasting and cooling treatment, discharging, and crushing to obtain lightweight aggregate;
(3) Screening the lightweight aggregate obtained in the step (2) according to the particle size requirement to obtain the crushed stone type lightweight aggregate with different particle sizes.
Further defined, the aging treatment time in the step (2) is 5-30 hours.
Further defined, the high-temperature roasting treatment process in the step (2) is as follows: under the condition of humidity of 0.4-1.0% and pressure in the furnace of 2-6MPa, the temperature is raised to 800-1450 ℃ from room temperature at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 8h.
Further defined, the high-temperature roasting treatment process in the step (2) is as follows: under the condition of humidity of 0.4-1.0% and pressure in the furnace of 2-6MPa, the temperature is raised from room temperature to 1350 ℃ at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 8h.
Further limiting, the temperature reduction treatment process is as follows: the temperature is reduced to room temperature at a cooling rate of 20 ℃/min.
Further limited, the lightweight aggregate can be made into lightweight aggregate sand, in particular fine sand, medium sand and coarse sand, the grain size of which meets the specification requirements of 1.6-2.2mm, 2.3-3.0mm and 3.1-3.7mm; the lightweight aggregate can also be made into lightweight aggregate stones, and the grain sizes of the lightweight aggregate stones meet the specification requirements of 5.0mm, 10.0mm, 16.0mm, 20.0mm and the like.
The invention also aims to provide an application of the lightweight aggregate, and particularly relates to the lightweight aggregate for preparing heat-insulating concrete, heat-insulating structural concrete and structural concrete.
Further defined, the heat-insulating concrete comprises 400-600kg/m lightweight aggregate 3 300-360kg/m of cement 3 。
Further defined, the lightweight aggregate is composed of a 2-3mm, 5-6mm and 10-16mm particle size fraction in a 2:3:5 ratio.
Further defined, the prepared heat-insulating concrete has strength grade distribution of LC5.0-LC15, heat conductivity coefficient of 0.13-0.20 and dry apparent density of 650-1000kg/m 3 The water absorption rate is 6-10% in 1 h.
Further by way of limitation, the prepared heat-insulating concrete has a strength of LC5.0 and an apparent dry density of 800kg/m 3 The heat conductivity coefficient is 0.15w/m k, and the water absorption rate is 10% in 1 hour.
Further defined, the insulation construction concrete comprises 600-1000kg/m lightweight aggregate 3 340-380kg/m of cement 3 。
Further defined, the lightweight aggregate is composed of a 2-3mm, 5-6mm and 10-16mm particle size fraction in a 2:3:5 ratio.
Further limited, the prepared concrete of the heat insulation structure has the strength grade distribution of LC15-LC30, the heat conductivity coefficient of 0.18-0.25 and the dry apparent density of 1000-1500kg/m 3 The water absorption rate is 4-10% in 1 h.
Further defined, the prepared concrete of the heat insulation structure has the strength grade distribution of LC15, the heat conductivity coefficient of 0.19 and the dry apparent density of 1200kg/m 3 The water absorption rate is 7% in 1 h.
Further defined, the structural concrete comprises 800-1400kg/m lightweight aggregate 3 340-450kg/m of cement 3 。
Further defined, the lightweight aggregate is composed of a 2-3mm, 5-6mm and 10-16mm particle size fraction in a 2:3:5 ratio.
Further defined, the strength of the structural concrete prepared is numbered LC30-LC60, the coefficient of thermal conductivity is 0.20-0.40, and the dry apparent density is 1500-2000kg/m 3 The water absorption rate is 4-8% in 1 h. Further defined, the structural concrete prepared has a strength designation of LC40, a thermal conductivity of 0.25, a dry apparent density of 1600kg/m3, and a water absorption of 6% for 1 h.
The invention also provides application of the lightweight aggregate, and the lightweight aggregate is particularly used for preparing concrete masonry bricks.
Further defined, the concrete masonry block comprises light-bone sand and gravel material 400-600kg/m 3 240-300kg/m of cement 3 。
Further defined, the lightweight aggregate is composed of a 2:4:4 ratio grading of 3mm, 5mm and 19mm particle size.
Further defined, the strength grade of the prepared concrete brick is MU3.5-MU10.0, and the density is 400-800kg/m 3 The heat conductivity coefficient is 0.13-0.20, and the water absorption rate is 6-12% in 1 h.
Further defined, the concrete brickwork grade prepared is MU7, and the density is 900kg/m 3 The heat conductivity coefficient is 0.15w/m k, and the water absorption rate is 10% in 1 hour.
The invention prepares the lightweight aggregate for the building material by utilizing massive solid wastes such as waste stones, tailing slag, coal gangue, oil-containing sludge, fly ash and the like, realizes the treatment and disposal of the wastes, solves the problems of land occupation and environmental pollution caused by the piling up of the wastes, and realizes the recycling utilization. Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
(1) In the preparation process of the lightweight aggregate, the raw materials are roasted at 800-1450 ℃, so that organic matters in solid waste are completely decomposed, most of heavy metals such as arsenic, mercury, cadmium, zinc, copper, nickel and the like possibly contained in the solid waste are gasified and then transferred into smoke, and the very small part of the heavy metals is solidified in the lightweight aggregate under the action of an additive; referring to the solid waste leaching toxicity leaching method (GB 5086-1997), the leaching concentration of pollutants such as heavy metals in the lightweight aggregate prepared by the method completely meets the related requirements of the solid waste identification criterion in the solid waste identification criterion rule in the process of utilization and disposal. Therefore, the lightweight aggregate and the manufactured concrete and brickwork have the advantages of no toxicity and no pollution.
(2) Various indexes of the lightweight aggregate prepared by the invention, such as lightweight aggregate and test method 2 part thereof: all indexes listed in table 1 in the light aggregate test method (the standard of the people's republic of China (GB/T17431.2-2010)) accord with the light aggregate and the test method part 1: the requirements of the various indexes specified in Table 1-Table 7 in the lightweight aggregate (the standard of the people's republic of China (GB/T17431.1-2010)).
(3) The lightweight aggregate prepared by the invention can meet different purposes, such as high heat preservation type lightweight aggregate, medium heat preservation type medium strength lightweight aggregate and high strength lightweight aggregate. The high heat-insulating lightweight aggregate can be further utilized to manufacture heat-insulating materials such as heat-insulating brick blocks, the heat conductivity coefficient is only 0.13-0.20, and the high heat-insulating materials are used for building structures in cold areas without external wall heat insulation, so that the high heat-insulating lightweight aggregate has excellent fireproof performance, and can shorten the construction period and reduce the manufacturing cost; the heat-insulating structural concrete with good heat-insulating performance and high bearing strength can be manufactured by using the medium-heat-insulating medium-strength lightweight aggregate. When the lightweight aggregate prepared by the invention is used for preparing concrete, the weight of the obtained concrete is only one half to two thirds of that of the gravel aggregate under the condition of the same weight and strength, thus reducing self-weight, reducing self-load, reducing the use amount of reinforcing steel bars of a building structure, shortening the construction period and reducing the construction cost of the building structure.
(4) The density of the lightweight aggregate prepared by the invention is 400-1200kg/m 3 When the density grades are respectively 400kg/m 3 、500kg/m 3 、600kg/m 3 、700kg/m 3 、800kg/m 3 、900kg/m 3 、1000kg/m 3 、1100kg/m 3 、1200kg/m 3 When the pressure of the cylinder reaches more than 2.0MPa, 3.0MPa, 4.0MPa, 5.0MPa, 6.0MPa, 6.5MPa, 7.0MPa, 7.5MPa and 8.0MPa respectively.
(5) The density grades of the lightweight aggregates prepared by the invention are respectively 400kg/m 3 、500kg/m 3 、600kg/m 3 、700kg/m 3 、800kg/m 3 、900kg/m 3 、1000kg/m 3 、1100kg/m 3 、1200kg/m 3 In this case, the grade of the concrete produced may be equal to or higher than LC15, LC25, LC30, LC35, LC40, LC45, LC50, LC55, and LC60, respectively. The maximum strength can reach LC60, and the high-strength high-bearing capacity steel can be used for bearing structures of various buildings, such as bearing walls, bridge bearing structures, rail sleepers and the like.
(6) The lightweight structural concrete provided by the invention meets the industry standards of the people's republic of China, such as lightweight aggregate concrete technical regulations (JGJ 51-2002), lightweight aggregate concrete application technical standards (JGJ/T12-2019), concrete structural design specifications (GB 50010) and the like: and the standards of technical regulations of lightweight aggregate concrete structures (JGJ 12-2006).
(6) The invention adopts the compounded calcium oxide, ferric oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, bentonite and sodium borate as additives to treat bulk solid waste, and the specific calcium oxide and ferric oxide play roles of fluxing, promoting crystal formation and improving the compressive strength of the lightweight aggregate; the bentonite mainly plays a role in improving the cohesiveness of the lightweight aggregate; calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, starch, sodium borate and the like mainly play a role in adjusting the porosity and the pore uniformity of the lightweight aggregate, wherein the starch mainly plays a role in improving the ratio of large pores. And the additive determines the blending proportion according to the performance requirements (such as heat preservation performance, heat preservation compromise strength performance and high strength performance) of the lightweight aggregate product.
Detailed Description
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways other than those described herein, and persons skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Further, reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic can be included in at least one implementation of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.
The experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The materials, reagents, methods and apparatus used, without any particular description, are those conventional in the art and are commercially available to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
1. Preparing lightweight aggregate:
(1) Preparation of solid waste particles:
the method is characterized in that oily sludge generated by drilling a petroleum well in Daqing oilfield of Heilongjiang province is used as solid waste, and the main inorganic components of the oily sludge are as follows: siO (SiO) 2 The content is 56.56 percent, al 2 O 3 The content of Fe is 20.88% 2 O 3 The content is 2.70%, the CaO content is 4.65% and other small elements, and the oil content is 12%. 40kg of the oil-containing sludge is taken and subjected to oil removal pretreatment to form an oil-containing mud cake (oil content is less than 3%), wherein the oil content of the concrete mud cake is 2.3%, and the water content is 10%. Grinding the mud cake into powder, and sieving to obtain solid waste particles with the particle size of 50-100 meshes.
(2) And (3) adding an additive into the solid waste particles obtained in the step (1), wherein the addition amount of the additive is 5% of the mass of the mud cake. The additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5% of calcium oxide, 20% of ferric oxide, 6% of calcium carbonate, 5% of sodium phosphate, 30% of bentonite, 5% of sodium borate, 14% of starch and 15% of water.
(3) Stirring the mixture obtained in the step (2) for 5min, uniformly mixing, aging for 8h, and roasting at high temperature; the roasting temperature-rising program is as follows: raising the temperature to 1350 ℃ at a speed of 15 ℃/min under the room temperature condition, and keeping the temperature at 1350 ℃ for 8 hours; and then cooling to room temperature at a speed of 20 ℃/min to obtain a roasted product.
(4) Crushing the roasted product by a crusher, and sieving according to the particle size to obtain crushed stone type lightweight aggregates with different particle sizes; the average equivalent particle diameters of the lightweight aggregates were 3mm, 6mm, 8mm and 13mm.
The properties of the prepared lightweight aggregate are characterized, and the results are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
2. The structural concrete is prepared by adopting the lightweight aggregate:
the concrete with the structure comprises the following raw materials in proportion: with a density grade of 1000kg/m 3 The total weight of the lightweight aggregate, the lightweight aggregate sand and the stone is 900kg/m 3 420kg/m of cement 3 180kg/m of water 3 . Wherein the lightweight aggregate is formed by grading particles with the particle size of 3mm and 12mm according to the proportion of 4:6.
The structural concrete has a strength of LC40 and a density of 1450kg/m 3 The heat conductivity coefficient is 0.19w/m k, and the water absorption is 10%. With sand concrete of the same strength (C40) (2500 kg/m) 3 ) The weight was reduced by 43.2%.
3. The lightweight aggregate is adopted to prepare concrete masonry bricks:
the raw materials of the concrete brickwork are as follows: with a density rating of 500kg/m 3 The total weight of the lightweight aggregate, the lightweight aggregate sand and the stone is 550kg/m 3 320kg/m of cement 3 180kg/m of water 3 . Wherein the lightweight aggregate is formed by grading particles with the particle size of 5mm and 16mm according to the proportion of 1:1.
The strength grade of the concrete brickwork is MU7, and the density of the concrete brickwork is 970kg/m 3 The heat conductivity coefficient is 0.15w/m k, and the water absorption is 10%. With the same strength grade (MU 7) concrete hollow brick (density 1800 kg/m) 3 Thermal conductivity 1.7 w/mk) the density and thermal conductivity were significantly reduced.
Example 2
1. Preparing lightweight aggregate:
(1) Preparation of solid waste particles:
taking coal gangue of a coal mine in the eastern county of Heilongjiang province as solid waste, wherein the main inorganic component of the coal gangue is SiO 2 The content is 67.53 percent, al 2 O 3 The content of the calcium oxide is 21.20%, the content of the calcium oxide is 0.42% and other small elements. 40kg of the gangue is taken, and the calorific value is 1200kJ/kg. Grinding gangue into powder, and sieving to obtain solid waste particles with particle size of 50-100 meshes.
(2) And (3) adding an additive into the solid waste particles obtained in the step (1), wherein the addition amount of the additive is 4% of the mass of the mud cake. The additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 3% of calcium oxide, 20% of ferric oxide, 8% of calcium carbonate, 7% of sodium phosphate, 30% of bentonite, 5% of sodium borate, 10% of starch and 17% of water.
(3) Stirring the mixture obtained in the step (2) for 15min, uniformly mixing, aging for 8h, and roasting at high temperature; the roasting temperature-rising program is as follows: raising the temperature to 1350 ℃ at a speed of 15 ℃/min under the room temperature condition, and keeping the temperature at 1350 ℃ for 8 hours; and then cooling to room temperature at a speed of 20 ℃/min to obtain a roasted product.
(4) Crushing the roasted product by a crusher, and sieving according to the particle size to obtain crushed stone type lightweight aggregates with different particle sizes; the equivalent particle diameters of the lightweight aggregates are 3mm, 5mm, 6mm, 8mm and 10mm.
2. The structural concrete is prepared by adopting the lightweight aggregate:
the concrete with the structure comprises the following raw materials in proportion: with a density grade of 1100kg/m 3 The total weight of the lightweight aggregate, the lightweight aggregate sand and the stone is 920kg/m 3 400kg/m of cement 3 180kg/m of water 3 . Wherein, it is lightThe aggregate is formed by grading the grain size of 3mm and 12mm according to the proportion of 4:6.
The structural concrete has a strength of LC40 and a density of 1500kg/m 3 The heat conductivity coefficient is 0.20w/m k, and the water absorption is 9%. With sand concrete of the same strength (C40) (2500 kg/m) 3 ) Compared with the prior art, the weight is reduced by 40 percent.
3. The lightweight aggregate is adopted to prepare concrete masonry bricks:
the raw materials of the concrete brickwork are as follows: with a density rating of 500kg/m 3 The total weight of the lightweight aggregate, the lightweight aggregate sand and the stone is 550kg/m 3 320kg/m of cement 3 180kg/m of water 3 . Wherein the lightweight aggregate is formed by grading particles with the particle size of 5mm and 16mm according to the proportion of 1:1.
The strength grade of the concrete brickwork is MU6.5, and the density is 900kg/m 3 The heat conductivity coefficient is 0.15w/m k, and the water absorption is 10%. With concrete hollow masonry blocks of the same strength grade (MU 6.5) (density 1700 kg/m) 3 Thermal conductivity 1.7 w/mk) the density and thermal conductivity were significantly reduced.
While the invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto, but rather to enable any person skilled in the art to make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is therefore to be limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The lightweight aggregate prepared from the solid waste is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 90-99% of solid waste and 1-10% of additive;
the additives include calcium oxide, ferric oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, bentonite, starch and sodium borate.
2. The lightweight aggregate prepared from solid waste according to claim 1, wherein the additive consists of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 1-10% of calcium oxide, 1-20% of ferric oxide, 1-10% of calcium carbonate, 1-15% of calcium phosphate, 1-5% of sodium borate, 10-30% of bentonite, 5-15% of starch and the balance of water.
3. The lightweight aggregate prepared from solid waste according to claim 1, wherein the solid waste is one or a mixture of more of waste rock, tailing slag, coal gangue, oil-containing sludge and fly ash.
4. The lightweight aggregate produced from solid waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lightweight aggregate has a particle size of 0.1 to 60mm and a bulk density of 400 to 1200kg/m 3 The barrel pressure strength is 2-8MPa, and the water absorption rate is 4-10% in 1 h.
5. A method of preparing a lightweight aggregate as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising:
(1) Crushing the solid waste, and sieving to obtain solid waste particles with the particle size of 0.1-50 mm;
(2) Adding additives into the solid waste, uniformly mixing, sequentially performing aging, high-temperature roasting and cooling treatment, discharging, and crushing to obtain lightweight aggregate;
(3) Screening the lightweight aggregate obtained in the step (2) according to the particle size requirement to obtain the crushed stone type lightweight aggregate with different particle sizes.
6. The method for preparing a lightweight aggregate as claimed in claim 5, wherein the aging time is 5 to 30 hours.
7. The method for preparing a lightweight aggregate according to claim 5, wherein the high temperature roasting treatment process is as follows: under the condition of 0.4-1.0% of humidity and 2-6MPa of pressure in the furnace, the temperature is raised to 800-1450 ℃ from room temperature at a heating rate of 15 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 8h; the temperature reduction treatment process comprises the following steps: cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 20 ℃/min.
8. The method for producing a lightweight aggregate according to claim 5, wherein the lightweight aggregate is used as a lightweight aggregate sand material, specifically fine sand material, medium sand material or coarse sand material, having particle size specifications of 1.6 to 2.2mm, 2.3 to 3.0mm and 3.1 to 3.7mm; the lightweight aggregate is used as lightweight aggregate stone, and the grain size specifications are 5.0mm, 10.0mm, 16.0mm and 20.0mm.
9. Use of a lightweight aggregate as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 for the preparation of insulating concrete, insulating structural concrete and structural concrete.
10. Use of a lightweight aggregate as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 for the preparation of concrete masonry blocks.
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