CN116788112B - Power battery system, electric automobile and power battery system control method - Google Patents

Power battery system, electric automobile and power battery system control method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116788112B
CN116788112B CN202311039753.9A CN202311039753A CN116788112B CN 116788112 B CN116788112 B CN 116788112B CN 202311039753 A CN202311039753 A CN 202311039753A CN 116788112 B CN116788112 B CN 116788112B
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China
Prior art keywords
switch
battery
voltage
batteries
switching module
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CN202311039753.9A
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CN116788112A (en
Inventor
韩岭
李毅崑
陈煜中
朱文伟
曹智敏
邹羽
石浩宇
李文学
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Guangzhou Juwan Technology Research Co ltd
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Guangzhou Juwan Technology Research Co ltd
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/19—Switching between serial connection and parallel connection of battery modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage

Abstract

The invention discloses a power battery system, an electric automobile and a control method of the power battery system, wherein the power battery system comprises at least two batteries, a switching module and a control module, the switching module comprises a load port and a current limiting circuit, and the control module determines the voltage difference of the at least two batteries when receiving a high-voltage power-on instruction; when the voltage difference is larger than or equal to a preset threshold value, a current limiting circuit in the control switching module is connected with at least two batteries, the battery with high voltage discharges the battery with low voltage, and when the voltage difference is smaller than the preset threshold value, the control switching module connects the at least two batteries in parallel to a load port, so that a loop between the batteries is formed through the current limiting circuit when the voltage difference between the batteries is larger than or equal to the threshold value after charging is finished, the current of the loop is limited through the current limiting circuit, the current of the loop is ensured to be within a safe range, adhesion damage of a switch in a circuit due to overlarge loop current is avoided, and the safety performance and the reliability of the whole system are improved.

Description

Power battery system, electric automobile and power battery system control method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power batteries, in particular to a power battery system, an electric automobile and a power battery system control method.
Background
At present, in view of the rapid increase of market share of electric automobiles, various electrical architectures of battery systems are appeared on the market, wherein a double branch circuit is an electrical architecture widely applied. Meanwhile, in order to solve the pain point of slow charging of the electric automobile, a high-voltage charging platform (about 550V-930V) is provided for carrying out extremely fast charging on a power battery of the electric automobile, however, most electric automobiles still use a low-voltage (about 230V-450V) electrical system architecture at present, so that series connection and parallel connection are also a better solution when in super-charging and discharging. The loop current in the process of establishing double branches in the serial-parallel conversion process is a great difficulty in the industry.
As shown in fig. 1, taking a power battery including a battery Batte1 and a battery Batte2 as an example, the battery Batte1 and the battery Batte2 have performance differences, during charging and discharging of the battery Batte1 and the battery Batte2, voltages of the battery Batte1 and the battery Batte2 are unequal due to different charging modes and discharging modes, as shown in fig. 1, when the battery Batte1 and the battery Batte2 need to be connected in parallel to power up a load port hv+, if the voltage of the battery Batte1 is greater than the voltage of the battery Batte2, a loop is formed between the battery Batte1 and the battery Batte2, and the battery Batte1 supplements the battery Batte2 with power to form a loop current (such as a loop current direction in fig. 1), which is larger and easily causes excessive current flowing through a switch on a circuit to damage, resulting in adhesion of the switch, and reducing the reliability performance of the whole system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a power battery system, an electric automobile and a control method of the power battery system, which can solve the problem that after ultrahigh voltage charging, a loop formed by parallel power supply of voltage difference exists between batteries, and the current is too large, so that a switch is adhered and damaged.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a power battery system, including at least two batteries, a switching module and a control module, where the batteries are connected with the switching module, the switching module is connected with the control module, the switching module includes a load port and a current limiting circuit, and the control module is configured to:
determining a voltage difference of the at least two batteries when a high-voltage power-on instruction to the load port is received;
when the voltage difference is greater than or equal to a preset threshold value, controlling a current limiting circuit in the switching module to connect the at least two batteries, wherein the at least two batteries form a loop through the current limiting circuit, and the battery with high voltage in the batteries discharges the battery with low voltage;
and when the voltage difference is smaller than a preset threshold value, controlling the switching module to connect the at least two batteries in parallel to a load port.
In a second aspect, the invention also provides an electric automobile, which comprises the power battery system in the first aspect.
In a third aspect, the present invention further provides a control method for a power battery system, which is applied to the power battery system in the first aspect, where the power battery system includes at least two batteries, a switching module and a control module, the batteries are connected with the switching module, the switching module is connected with the control module, the switching module includes a load port and a current limiting circuit, and the control method for the power battery system includes:
when a high-voltage power-on instruction to a load port is received, determining a voltage difference of at least two batteries;
when the voltage difference is larger than or equal to a preset threshold value, a current limiting circuit in a control switching module is connected with at least two batteries, the at least two batteries form a loop through the current limiting circuit, and a battery with high voltage in the batteries discharges a battery with low voltage;
and when the voltage difference is smaller than a preset threshold value, controlling the switching module to connect the at least two batteries in parallel to a load port.
The power battery system comprises at least two batteries, a switching module and a control module, wherein the batteries are connected with the switching module, the switching module is connected with the control module, the switching module comprises a load port and a current limiting circuit, when the control module receives a high-voltage power-on instruction for the load port, the voltage difference of the at least two batteries is determined, when the voltage difference is larger than or equal to a preset threshold value, the current limiting circuit in the switching module is controlled to be connected with the at least two batteries, the at least two batteries form a loop through the current limiting circuit, when the voltage difference is smaller than the preset threshold value, the battery with high voltage in the batteries discharges the battery with low voltage, and when the voltage difference is smaller than the preset threshold value, the switching module is controlled to connect the at least two batteries in parallel to the load port, so that a loop is formed between the batteries through the current limiting circuit when the voltage difference between the batteries is larger than or equal to the threshold value after charging is finished, the loop current is limited through the current limiting circuit, the loop current is ensured to be within a safe range, adhesion damage of a switch in a circuit due to overlarge loop current is avoided, and the safety performance and reliability of the whole system are improved.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a loop current formed by parallel discharge when the voltages of the batteries are not equal;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a power battery system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power battery system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the voltage variation of two batteries after the two batteries are connected by a current limiting circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a change in resistance of a first resistor in a current limiting circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power battery system according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a power battery system according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a power battery system according to an embodiment of the present invention after entering a first mode;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a power cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention after entering a second mode;
fig. 10 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power battery system according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power battery system according to another embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 12 is a flowchart of a control method of a power battery system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems solved by the present invention, the technical solutions adopted and the technical effects achieved more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "connected," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, mechanically connected or electrically connected, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the terms first, second, etc. have a specific meaning in the present disclosure, and further, unless explicitly specified and defined otherwise, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used solely for distinguishing between descriptions and not specifically meant.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a power battery system according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the power battery system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes at least two batteries (10, 20), a switching module 30 and a control module 40, the batteries (10, 20) are connected with the switching module 30, the switching module 30 is connected with the control module 40, and the switching module 30 includes a load port (hv+, HV-) and a current limiting circuit 301.
The power battery system of the embodiment may be used for vehicles such as electric vehicles and ships, and may be used for other devices using electric energy as a main energy source, where the batteries may be rechargeable batteries such as lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries, the number of the batteries may be more than two, the switching module 30 may be a circuit including a current limiting circuit 301, a load port, a switch, and the like, where when the current limiting circuit 301 is disposed in a circuit, the current limiting circuit 301 is used to adjust a current flowing through the circuit, the load port (hv+, HV-) is used to connect a load, so that the batteries (10, 20) may power the load through the load port (hv+, HV-) and the switch is used to change a connection structure of the circuit in the switching module 30 when the switch acts to switch a charging and discharging mode of the batteries in the power battery system, the control module 40 may be a BMS (Battery management system, a battery management system), and the control module 40 may be connected to a control terminal of each switch in the switching module 30, and may collect a voltage and a current in each circuit in the whole system through a voltage sensor and a current sensor.
In this embodiment, the control module 40 determines the voltage difference between at least two batteries when receiving a high voltage power-on instruction to the load port, controls the current limiting circuit 301 in the switching module 30 to connect at least two batteries when the voltage difference is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, and the at least two batteries form a loop through the current limiting circuit 301, and the battery with the high voltage discharges the battery with the low voltage, and controls the switching module 30 to connect the at least two batteries in parallel to the load port hv+, HV-when the voltage difference is less than the preset threshold.
As shown in fig. 2, taking the case where the battery includes the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 as an example, when the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 need to be powered on the load port hv+ and HV-, the voltage of the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 is detected and the absolute value of the difference of the voltages is calculated, if the voltage difference is greater than or equal to a preset threshold value, such as greater than or equal to 3V, the control module 40 may control the respective switches in the switching module 30 such that the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 form a loop through the current limiting circuit 301, the battery with the high voltage in the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 discharges to the battery with the low voltage such that the voltage of the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 gradually approaches, the voltage difference gradually decreases, and the magnitude of the loop current in the loop may be suppressed due to the effect of the current limiting circuit 301, for example, the magnitude of the loop current is adjusted through the resistance in the current limiting circuit 301 such that the loop current is smaller than the maximum current allowed to pass by the switch in the switching module 30, thereby effectively avoiding blocking of the switch due to the excessive current.
If the voltage difference determined upon receipt of the command to power up the load ports hv+, HV-, is less than the preset threshold, or the voltage difference of the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 is adjusted to be less than the preset threshold by the current limiting circuit 301, the control module 40 controls the respective switches in the switching module 30 so that the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 are connected in parallel to the load ports hv+, HV-, to power up the loads of the load ports hv+, HV-.
The power battery system comprises at least two batteries, a switching module and a control module, wherein the control module determines the voltage difference of the at least two batteries when receiving a high-voltage power-on instruction to a load port, controls a current limiting circuit in the switching module to be connected with the at least two batteries when the voltage difference is larger than or equal to a preset threshold value, the at least two batteries form a loop through the current limiting circuit, the battery with high voltage in the batteries discharges the battery with low voltage, and controls the switching module to connect the at least two batteries in parallel to the load port when the voltage difference is smaller than the preset threshold value, so that a loop is formed between the batteries through the current limiting circuit when the voltage difference between the batteries is larger than or equal to the threshold value after charging is finished, the loop current is limited by the current limiting circuit, the loop current is ensured to be within a safe range, the adhesion damage of a switch in a circuit due to overlarge loop current is avoided, and the safety performance and the reliability of the whole system are improved.
Fig. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power battery system according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the battery includes a first battery 10 and a second battery 20, the switching module 30 further includes a second switch RL2, a third switch RL3, a fifth switch RL5, and a sixth switch RL6, where the switches in this embodiment may be controlled switches such as a relay and a contactor, and a control end of each switch is connected to the control module 40, and the control module 40 may control each switch to be turned on or off, and the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 may be rechargeable batteries with the same specifications and model.
As shown in fig. 3, the positive terminal of the first battery 10 is connected to the positive terminal of the second battery 20 sequentially through the second switch RL2 and the fifth switch RL5, the current limiting circuit 301 is connected in parallel to both ends of the fifth switch RL5, the negative terminal of the first battery 10 is connected to the negative terminal of the second battery 20 through the third switch RL3, the common node P1 of the negative terminal of the second battery 20 and the third switch RL3 is connected to the negative terminal HV of the load port through the sixth switch RL6, and the common node P2 of the second switch RL2 and the fifth switch RL5 is connected to the positive terminal hv+ of the load port. The positive electrode end of the first battery 10 may be further connected in series with a first Fuse1, and the positive electrode end of the second battery 20 may be further connected in series with a second Fuse2, so as to interrupt discharging or charging when the current of the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 is too large in the charging or discharging process, and protect the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 from damage to the battery due to too high temperature caused by too high charging or discharging current.
As shown in fig. 3, in one embodiment, the current limiting circuit 301 includes a first resistor R1 and a first switch RL1, where the first resistor R1 and the first switch RL1 are connected in series and then connected in parallel to two ends of the fifth switch RL5, and the number of the first resistors R1 may be more than one, and of course, those skilled in the art may also use an inductor, a diode, a power tube, etc. to implement current limiting, and not limited to the first resistor R1.
As shown in fig. 3, when receiving a high voltage power-on command to the load port hv+, HV-, the control module 40 may detect the voltages at the positive end of the first battery 10 and the positive end of the second battery 20 through the voltage sensor, and when the voltage difference between the two batteries is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, control the second switch RL2 and the third switch RL3 to be closed and control the current limiting circuit 301 to be turned on, as shown in fig. 3, may control the first switch RL1 to be closed to implement the current limiting circuit 301 to be turned on, the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 may be connected through the first resistor R1 to form a loop, and the high voltage battery in the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 may discharge the low voltage battery, due to the effect of the first resistor R1, the first resistor R1 with a suitable resistance value may be selected, so that the loop current is controlled within a safe range, and when the voltage difference between the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 is gradually reduced, and when the voltage difference is smaller than the preset threshold, the current limiting circuit 301 is controlled to be turned off, for example, by controlling the first switch RL1 to be turned off, and controlling the first switch RL1 to be turned off to implement the current limiting circuit 301 to be turned off, and controlling the second switch RL1 to be turned off, and controlling the second switch RL2 and the second battery 20 to be turned off, i.e. to be connected in parallel to the second battery 20 and the second battery 20 to be turned off.
In one embodiment, the first resistor R1 in fig. 3 may be an adjustable resistor, after the current limiting circuit 301 in the switching module 30 is controlled to connect at least two batteries, the control module 40 adjusts the resistance value of the first resistor R1 according to the voltage difference and the preset current value, specifically, assuming that the voltage of the first battery 10 is V1 and the voltage of the second battery 20 is V2, the voltage difference v= |v1-v2|, the resistance value r=v/I of the first resistor R1 is the minimum value of the maximum current values allowed to pass through by each switch in the switching module 30, for example, each switch is a relay, the maximum operating current of each relay may be determined from the specification of the relay, the minimum value is determined as the current value I from the maximum operating currents of the relays, so as to calculate the corresponding resistance value R, the control module 40 may output a corresponding PWM signal to the control terminal of the first resistor R1, so as to adjust the resistance value of the first resistor R1 to r=v/I, and when the voltage difference r=v/I is not known, the PWM signal R1 is gradually reduced as the PWM signal is output from the PWM signal to the first resistor R1.
As shown in fig. 4, the voltage change graphs of the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 are shown in fig. 4, the first battery 10 is a battery with a higher voltage, the second battery 20 is a battery with a lower voltage, after the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 form a loop through the first resistor R1, the first battery 10 discharges the second battery 20, the voltage of the first battery 10 gradually decreases with time, the voltage of the second battery 20 gradually increases with time, finally the voltages of the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 are equal, no current flows in the current limiting circuit, the voltage difference V of the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 gradually decreases based on the voltage change rules of the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 shown in fig. 4, as shown in fig. 5, the resistance value R of the first resistor R1 gradually decreases, as shown in fig. 5, the control module 40 may send a signal to the control end of the first resistor R1 according to the resistance value R change graph, so as to adjust the resistance value PWM of the first resistor R1.
The resistance in the current limiting circuit of the embodiment is an adjustable resistance, and the control module can adjust the resistance value of the resistance according to the voltage difference between the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 and the preset current, on one hand, the resistance value can be adjusted according to different voltage differences, so that the current of a loop is ensured to be inhibited within the safe current range of a switch such as a relay under different voltage differences, the relay is ensured not to be adhered due to overlarge current, on the other hand, the current in the current limiting circuit can be maximized through the adjustable first resistance under the condition that the current of each relay is ensured not to be larger than the maximum working current, and the time that the voltage difference between the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 is reduced to be smaller than the preset threshold value is shortened.
As shown in fig. 6, in an alternative embodiment, the switching module 30 further includes a fourth switch RL4, a seventh switch RL7, and a second resistor R2, the common node P2 of the second switch RL2 and the fifth switch RL5 is connected to the positive terminal hv+ of the load port through the fourth switch RL4, the second resistor R2 and the seventh switch RL7 are connected in series and then connected in parallel to two ends of the fourth switch RL4, the control module 40 is further configured to control the sixth switch RL6 and the seventh switch RL7 to be closed when the voltage difference is smaller than a preset threshold value and the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 are connected in parallel after the first battery 20 is powered up to realize that the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 are connected in parallel to the load port hv+, HV-, and to control the fourth switch RL4 to be closed and the seventh switch RL7 to be opened when the voltage of the load port hv+ satisfies the preset voltage, when the load port hv+ and HV-are connected to a load, for example, when the load port hv+ and HV-is connected to a high-voltage system of an electric vehicle, more capacitive appliances and inductive appliances, for example, high-inductance reactors such as high-capacity capacitors and inductance coils, are arranged in the high-voltage system of the electric vehicle, and when the load port hv+ and HV-are powered on in advance through a branch circuit where the second resistor R2 is located during power-on, the magnitude of power-on current is restrained through the second resistor R2, the situation that the load is damaged or each switch in a power battery system is damaged due to excessive power-on current is avoided, after the preset power-on time period is reached, after the capacitor on the load completes power storage, the fourth switch RL4 is controlled to be closed, and the seventh switch RL7 is controlled to be opened, the branch circuit where the second resistor R2 is located is opened, so that the load is powered on formally, and the load, namely, in the power-on process is ensured by limiting the magnitude of the current which is powered on in advance, the switch in the power battery system is not damaged by large current surge.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a power battery system according to another embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, in which the switching module 30 further includes a charging port (dc+, DC-) that can be used to connect a charging device, the control module 40 is further configured to determine a charging mode of the charging device when detecting that the charging port (dc+, DC-) is connected to the charging device, control the switching module 30 to make the power battery system enter a first mode when the charging mode is high-voltage fast charging, and control the switching module 30 to make the power battery system enter a second mode when the charging mode is low-voltage fast charging.
The high-voltage quick charge and the low-voltage quick charge are relatively speaking, in one example, the high-voltage quick charge may be a charging mode in which a charging voltage outputted by the charging device ranges from 550V to 930V, the low-voltage quick charge may be a charging mode in which a charging voltage outputted by the charging device ranges from 230V to 450V, the first mode is a mode in which at least two batteries in the power battery system are connected in series to the charging port, and the target battery powers up the load port, the target battery is a low-end battery in the at least two batteries, the second mode is a mode in which the at least two batteries are connected in parallel to the charging port, and the low-end battery may be a battery in the at least two batteries which is not directly connected with the charging port.
As shown in fig. 8, which is a system diagram of the power battery system in the first mode, in fig. 8, when the charging port dc+ and DC-are connected to the high-voltage quick charging device, such as a charging pile with a charging voltage of 550V-930V, the control module 40 controls the switching module 30 to operate, so that the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 are connected in series to the charging port dc+ and DC-, because the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 are the same type of battery, and the safe charging voltage of the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 is 230V-450V, when the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 are connected in series, the voltage between the positive terminal and the negative terminal of each battery is 230V-450V, when the positive terminal of the load port is powered on from the common node a of the first battery 10 and the second battery 20, the positive terminal of the load port hv+ is 230V-450V, and the high-voltage quick charging is achieved within the safe voltage range of the load, and the power supply cost is reduced without increasing the charging voltage of the DC-DC battery 20 to adjust the power supply port.
As shown in fig. 9, which is a system diagram of the power battery system in the second mode, in fig. 9, the charging port dc+, DC-is connected to a low-voltage fast charging device, such as a charging pile with a charging voltage of 230V-450V, and the control module 40 controls the switching module 30 to operate, so that the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 are connected in parallel to the charging port dc+, DC-, and the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 are connected in parallel to the load port, so as to power up the positive terminal hv+ of the load port, thereby realizing that the battery charging voltage requirement and the load supply voltage requirement are met during the low-voltage fast charging.
According to the embodiment, through the action of the switching module, when the charging port is connected to the high-voltage or low-voltage quick charging equipment, the switching module can be controlled to act, so that the charging port enters the first mode when being connected to the high-voltage quick charging equipment, and enters the second mode when being connected to the low-voltage quick charging equipment, namely the power battery system of the embodiment can be compatible with the high-voltage quick charging and the low-voltage quick charging, and meanwhile, the DC-DC module is not required to be added to adjust the voltage of the charging port to supply power to a load, so that the cost is reduced.
Fig. 10 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power battery system according to another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 10, in which the battery includes a first battery 10 and a second battery 20, the switching module 30 further includes a second switch RL2, a third switch RL3, a fifth switch RL5, a sixth switch RL6, an eighth switch RL8, and a ninth switch RL9, the positive terminal of the first battery 10 is connected to the positive terminal of the second battery 20 through the second switch RL2 and the fifth switch RL5 in sequence, the current limiting circuit 301 is connected in parallel to both ends of the fifth switch RL5, the negative terminal of the first battery 10 is connected to the negative terminal of the second battery 20 through the third switch RL3, the common node of the negative terminal of the second battery 20 and the third switch RL3 is connected to the negative terminal HV of the load port through the sixth switch RL6, the common node P2 of the second switch RL2 and the fifth switch RL5 is connected to the positive terminal hv+ of the load port, the positive terminal of the first battery 10 is connected to the negative terminal of the charge port through the eighth switch RL8, and the positive terminal of the negative terminal of the DC terminal of the charge port is connected to the negative terminal of the positive terminal of the DC terminal of the battery 10 and the positive terminal of the load port is connected to the negative terminal of the positive terminal of the DC terminal of the load port is connected to the positive terminal of the negative terminal of the positive terminal of the battery 9.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 10, when the charging mode is high-voltage quick charging, the control module 40 controls the fifth switch RL5 and the sixth switch RL6 to be closed, the second battery 20 charges the load port hv+, HV-, controls the ninth switch RL9 and the eighth switch RL8 to be closed, the power battery system enters the first mode, that is, the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 are connected in series through the ninth switch RL9 and connected to the positive terminal dc+ of the charging port through the eighth switch RL8, and controls the positive terminal hv+ of the load port through the fifth switch RL5 from the positive terminal of the second battery 20, and controls the charging current of the second battery 20 to be smaller than the charging current of the first battery 10 as the positive terminal hv+ of the load port through the fifth switch RL5 is charged, after the first battery 10 is charged fully, so that the voltage of the first battery 10 is greater than the voltage of the second battery 20, that is greater than the voltage of the first battery 10, that is the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 are charged fully, and the current-limiting circuit 301 is controlled to be opened when the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 are charged in series through the first switch RL5, and the second battery 20 are connected in parallel, and the current-limiting circuit 301 is opened when the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 is connected in parallel, and the first battery 20 is connected in parallel, and the current limiting circuit 301 is opened, and the voltage difference is formed when the first battery 10 and the first battery 10 is discharged, and the second battery 10 is controlled, and the current is limited, and the current is different, and when the voltage is the first battery 10 is charged, and is the current is the battery is charged.
As shown in fig. 10, when the charging mode is low-voltage fast charging, the control module 40 controls the fifth switch RL5, the third switch RL3 and the second switch RL2 to be closed, so that the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 are connected in parallel, controls the sixth switch RL6 to be closed, and controls the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 to be connected in parallel to power up the load of the load port hv+, HV-, controls the eighth switch RL8 to be closed, and controls the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 to be connected in parallel to the charging port dc+, DC-, so that the power battery system enters the second mode, i.e., the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 are connected in parallel to the charging port dc+, DC-, and power up the load port hv+ and HV-through the charging port dc+.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 11, the switching module 30 further includes a fourth switch RL4, a seventh switch RL7, and a second resistor R2, the common node P2 of the second switch RL2 and the fifth switch RL5 is connected to the positive terminal hv+ of the load port through the fourth switch RL4, the second resistor R2 and the seventh switch RL7 are connected in series and then connected to two ends of the fourth switch RL4 in parallel, the control module 40 controls the seventh switch RL7 to be closed before controlling the fourth switch RL4 to be closed so as to realize pre-power-up of the load port hv+, HV-, and controls the fourth switch RL4 to be closed and controls the seventh switch RL7 to be opened when the voltage of the load port hv+, HV-meets the preset voltage so as to formally power-up the load port hv+, HV-and controls the power-up current through the second resistor R2 in the pre-power-up process, so as to avoid the damage of the load due to the excessive current in the charging process or each switch in the power battery system.
The switch module 30 of the present embodiment is provided with a plurality of switches, and the plurality of switches can be controlled by the control module 40 to act according to preset logic when in different charging modes, so that the power battery system enters the first mode or the second mode, and is compatible with high-voltage quick charging and low-voltage quick charging, and the charging voltage does not need to be adjusted by DC-DC, so that the circuit structure is simple, and the switching cost is low.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an electric automobile, which comprises the power battery system provided by any embodiment, wherein a load port in the power battery system is connected with the input end of a load of the electric automobile, so that the battery provides high voltage for the electric automobile, and a charging port in the power battery system is arranged on the automobile body to be externally connected with charging equipment.
Fig. 12 is a flowchart of a power battery system control method according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 12, where the power battery system control method includes:
and S101, when a high-voltage power-on instruction to the load port is received, determining the voltage difference of at least two batteries.
The control method of the power battery system of the present embodiment is applied to the power battery system shown in fig. 2, the power battery system includes at least two batteries (10, 20), a switching module 30 and a control module 40, the batteries (10, 20) are connected with the switching module 30, the switching module 30 is connected with the control module 40, the switching module 30 includes a load port (hv+, HV-) and a current limiting circuit 301, the switching module 30 further includes a plurality of switches, the control module 40 can be connected with the control end of each switch in the switching module 30, and the voltage and the current in each circuit in the whole system can be collected through a voltage sensor and a current sensor.
As shown in fig. 2, taking a case where the battery includes the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 as an example, when the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 need to be powered on the load port hv+ and HV-, the voltages of the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 are detected and the absolute value of the difference of the voltages is calculated, and the voltage difference is compared with a preset threshold, S102 is performed when the voltage difference is greater than or equal to the preset threshold, and S103 is performed when the voltage difference is less than the preset threshold.
And S102, when the voltage difference is greater than or equal to a preset threshold value, controlling a current limiting circuit in the switching module to be connected with at least two batteries, wherein the at least two batteries form a loop through the current limiting circuit, and the battery with high voltage in the batteries discharges the battery with low voltage.
When the voltage difference is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, such as greater than or equal to 3V, the control module 40 may control the respective switches in the switching module 30 such that the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 form a loop through the current limiting circuit 301, the battery having the higher voltage among the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 discharges the battery having the lower voltage such that the voltages of the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 are gradually approached, the voltage difference is gradually decreased, and the magnitude of loop current in the loop may be suppressed due to the effect of the current limiting circuit 301.
As shown in fig. 3, in an alternative embodiment, the current limiting circuit in the switching module 30 includes a first resistor R1 and a first switch RL1, and the switching module 30 further includes a second switch RL2, a third switch RL3, a fifth switch RL5, and a sixth switch RL6.
When the voltage difference is greater than or equal to the preset threshold value, the control module 40 controls the first switch RL1, the second switch RL2 and the third switch RL3 to be closed, the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 are connected through the first resistor R1 to form a loop, and the first resistor R1 is connected in series in the loop, so that the magnitude of loop current can be restrained by setting a proper resistance value, the loop current is controlled within a safe range, the adhesion damage of the switches in the circuit due to overlarge loop current is avoided, and the safety performance and the reliability performance of the whole system are improved.
In an alternative embodiment, the first resistor R1 is an adjustable resistor, after the current limiting circuit in the switching module 30 is controlled to connect at least two batteries, the resistance value of the first resistor is adjusted according to the voltage difference and the preset current value, specifically, as shown in fig. 3, assuming that the voltage of the first battery 10 is V1 and the voltage of the second battery 20 is V2, the voltage difference v= |v1-v2| is the resistance value r=v/I of the first resistor R1, where I is the minimum value of the maximum current values allowed to pass through by each switch in the switching module 30, and illustratively, each switch is a relay, the maximum operating current of each relay can be determined from the specification of the relay, the minimum value is determined as the current value I from the maximum operating currents of the relays, so as to calculate the corresponding resistance value R, the control module 40 can output the corresponding PWM signal to the control end of the first resistor R1, so that the resistance value of the first resistor R1 is adjusted to R, and when r=v/I is not known, the PWM signal is gradually reduced to the first resistor R1, and the PWM signal is gradually changed to the first resistor R1 is output in real time.
And S103, when the voltage difference is smaller than a preset threshold value, controlling the switching module to connect at least two batteries in parallel to the load port.
When the voltage difference determined upon receiving the power-up instruction is smaller than a preset threshold, or the voltage difference of the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 is adjusted to be smaller than the preset threshold by the current limiting circuit 301, the control module 40 controls each switch in the switching module 30 so that the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 are connected in parallel to the load ports hv+, HV-, to power up the loads of the load ports hv+, HV-.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, when the voltage difference is smaller than the preset threshold, the control module 40 controls the first switch RL1 to be opened, and controls the second switch RL2, the third switch RL3, the fifth switch RL5, and the sixth switch RL6 to be closed, so that the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 are connected in parallel to power up the load ports hv+, HV-.
The control method of the power battery system is applied to the power battery system of the embodiment, when a high-voltage power-on instruction to a load port is received, the voltage difference of at least two batteries is determined, when the voltage difference is larger than or equal to a preset threshold value, a current limiting circuit in a control switching module is connected with the at least two batteries, the at least two batteries form a loop through the current limiting circuit, the battery with high voltage in the batteries discharges the battery with low voltage, when the voltage difference is smaller than the preset threshold value, the control switching module is connected with the at least two batteries in parallel to the load port, a loop is formed between the batteries through the current limiting circuit when the voltage difference between the batteries is larger than or equal to the threshold value after the charging is finished, the loop current is limited through the current limiting circuit, the loop current is ensured to be within a safe range, adhesion damage of a switch in a circuit due to overlarge loop current is avoided, and the safety performance and reliability of the whole system are improved.
As shown in fig. 6, in another embodiment, the switching module 30 further includes a fourth switch RL4, a seventh switch RL7, and a second resistor R2, the common node P2 of the second switch RL2 and the fifth switch RL5 is connected to the positive terminal hv+ of the load port through the fourth switch RL4, the second resistor R2 and the seventh switch RL7 are connected in series and then connected in parallel to two ends of the fourth switch RL4, the control module 40 controls the sixth switch RL6 and the seventh switch RL7 to be turned on after the voltage difference is smaller than the preset threshold and the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 are powered on, the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 are connected in parallel to pre-power the positive terminal hv+ of the load port, and controls the fourth switch RL4 to be turned on and the seventh switch RL7 to be turned off after the voltage of the load port hv+ satisfies the preset voltage so as to power the positive terminal hv+ of the load port. Therefore, when the power is electrified, the load is electrified in advance through the branch circuit where the second resistor R2 is located, so that the magnitude of the electrified current is restrained through the second resistor R2, and the situation that the load is damaged or each switch in a power battery system is damaged due to overlarge current in the electrifying moment is avoided.
As shown in fig. 7, in one embodiment, the switching module 30 in the power battery system further includes a charging port (dc+, DC-) that can be used to connect to a charging device, and the control method of the power battery system further includes a charging control process, specifically, when detecting that the charging port is connected to the charging device, determining a charging mode of the charging device, and when the charging mode is high-voltage quick charging, controlling the switching module to make the power battery system enter a first mode, in which at least two batteries are connected in series to the charging port, and the target battery is powered on the load port, the target battery is a low-end battery in the series of batteries, and when the charging mode is low-voltage quick charging, controlling the switching module to make the power battery system enter a second mode, in which at least two batteries are connected in parallel to the charging port.
As shown in fig. 11, when the charging mode is high-voltage fast charging, the switching module is controlled so that the power battery system enters a first mode, specifically: when the control module 40 detects that the charging port dc+ and DC-is connected to the charging device, the control module 40 interacts with the charging device to determine a charging mode of the charging device, if the charging mode of the charging device is a high-voltage fast charging mode, the control module 40 outputs a control instruction to control the fifth switch RL5, the sixth switch RL6 and the seventh switch RL7 to be closed, the second battery 20 pre-powers up the load port and detects the voltage of the load port in real time, after the voltage of the load port meets the preset voltage, the control module 40 outputs a control instruction to control the seventh switch RL7 to be opened and control the fourth switch RL4, the ninth switch RL9 and the eighth switch RL8 to be closed, and the power battery system enters a first mode, namely the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 are connected in series through the ninth switch RL9 and are connected to a positive terminal dc+ of the charging port through the eighth switch RL8 and a positive terminal hv+ of the load port is powered up from a positive terminal of the second battery 20 through the fifth switch RL5 and the fourth switch RL 4.
When the charging mode is low-voltage quick charging, the switching module is controlled so that the power battery system enters a second mode, specifically: when the control module 40 detects that the charging port dc+ and DC-is connected to the charging device, the control module 40 interacts with the charging device to determine a charging mode of the charging device, if the charging mode of the charging device is a low-voltage fast charging mode, the control module 40 outputs a control instruction to control the fifth switch RL5, the third switch RL3 and the second switch RL2 to be closed so as to enable the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 to be connected in parallel, control the sixth switch RL6 and the seventh switch RL7 to be closed, enable the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 to be connected in parallel to pre-charge a load of the load port, detect the voltage of the load port in real time, and after the voltage of the load port meets the preset voltage, the control module 40 outputs a control instruction to control the seventh switch RL7 to be opened, and control the fourth switch RL4 and the eighth switch RL8 to be closed, so that the power battery system enters a second mode, namely the first battery 10 and the second battery 20 are connected in parallel to the charging port, and the load port is powered up through the charging port.
The power battery system of the embodiment can control the action of the switching module when the charging port is connected to the high-voltage or low-voltage quick charging equipment so as to enable the charging port to enter the first mode when the charging port is connected to the high-voltage quick charging equipment and enter the second mode when the charging port is connected to the low-voltage quick charging equipment, namely the power battery system of the embodiment can be compatible with the high-voltage quick charging and the low-voltage quick charging, meanwhile, the DC-DC module is not required to be added to adjust the voltage of the charging port to supply power to a load, the cost is reduced, the power battery system of the embodiment is applied to an electric vehicle, the electric vehicle is compatible with the high-voltage quick charging and the low-voltage quick charging through the control method of the power battery system, and the DC-DC module is not required to be added to adjust the voltage of the charging port to supply power to the load on the electric vehicle, so that the whole vehicle cost of the electric vehicle is reduced.
In the description herein, reference to the term "one embodiment," "an example," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the foregoing embodiments, and that the embodiments described in the foregoing embodiments may be combined appropriately to form other embodiments that will be understood by those skilled in the art.
The technical principle of the present invention is described above in connection with the specific embodiments. The description is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention and should not be taken in any way as limiting the scope of the invention. Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of this specification without undue burden.

Claims (9)

1. A power battery system, comprising: at least two batteries, switching module (30) and control module (40), the battery with switching module (30) are connected, switching module (30) with control module (40) are connected, switching module (30) include load port and current limiting circuit (301), control module (40) are used for:
Determining a voltage difference of the at least two batteries when a high-voltage power-on instruction to the load port is received;
when the voltage difference is greater than or equal to a preset threshold value, a current limiting circuit (301) in the switching module (30) is controlled to be connected with the at least two batteries, the at least two batteries form a loop through the current limiting circuit (301), and a battery with high voltage in the at least two batteries discharges a battery with low voltage;
when the voltage difference is smaller than a preset threshold value, controlling the switching module (30) to connect the at least two batteries in parallel to a load port;
the battery comprises a first battery (10) and a second battery (20), the switching module (30) further comprises a second switch (RL 2), a third switch (RL 3), a fifth switch (RL 5) and a sixth switch (RL 6), the positive terminal of the first battery (10) is connected with the positive terminal of the second battery (20) sequentially through the second switch (RL 2) and the fifth switch (RL 5), the current limiting circuit (301) is connected in parallel with two ends of the fifth switch (RL 5), the negative terminal of the first battery (10) is connected to the negative terminal of the second battery (20) through the third switch (RL 3), the common node of the negative terminal of the second battery (20) and the third switch (RL 3) is connected with the negative terminal (HV-) of the load port through the sixth switch (RL 6), and the common node of the second switch (RL 2) and the fifth switch (RL 5) is connected with the positive terminal (HV-) of the load port;
The current limiting circuit (301) comprises a first resistor (R1) and a first switch (RL 1), the first resistor (R1) and the first switch (RL 1) are connected in series and then connected in parallel to two ends of the fifth switch (RL 5), the first resistor (R1) is an adjustable resistor, and the control module (40) is specifically configured to:
after controlling a current limiting circuit (301) in the switching module (30) to connect the at least two batteries, adjusting the resistance value of the first resistor (R1) according to the voltage difference and a preset current value;
wherein the control module (40) is specifically configured to:
when the voltage difference is greater than or equal to a preset threshold value, the second switch (RL 2) and the third switch (RL 3) are controlled to be closed, the current limiting circuit (301) is controlled to be conducted, and the first battery (10) and the second battery (20) are connected through the current limiting circuit (301);
when the voltage difference is smaller than the preset threshold value, the current limiting circuit (301) is controlled to be opened, and the second switch (RL 2), the third switch (RL 3), the fifth switch (RL 5) and the sixth switch (RL 6) are controlled to be closed, so that the first battery (10) and the second battery (20) are connected in parallel to power up the load port.
2. The power battery system according to claim 1, wherein the switching module (30) further comprises a fourth switch (RL 4), a seventh switch (RL 7) and a second resistor (R2), the common node of the second switch (RL 2) and the fifth switch (RL 5) is connected with the positive terminal (hv+) of the load port through the fourth switch (RL 4), the second resistor (R2) and the seventh switch (RL 7) are connected in series and then connected in parallel to two ends of the fourth switch (RL 4), and the control module (40) is specifically configured to:
after the voltage difference is smaller than the preset threshold value and the first battery (10) and the second battery (20) are connected in parallel, controlling the sixth switch (RL 6) and the seventh switch (RL 7) to be closed, wherein the first battery (10) and the second battery (20) are connected in parallel to pre-power the load port;
after the voltage of the load port meets the preset voltage, the fourth switch (RL 4) is controlled to be closed and the seventh switch (RL 7) is controlled to be opened.
3. The power cell system of claim 1, wherein the switching module (30) further comprises a charging port, the control module (40) further being configured to:
When the connection of the charging port and the charging equipment is detected, determining a charging mode of the charging equipment;
when the charging mode is high-voltage quick charging, the switching module (30) is controlled so that the power battery system enters a first mode, the at least two batteries are connected in series to a charging port in the first mode, a target battery is used for powering a load port, and the target battery is a low-end battery in the batteries connected in series;
and when the charging mode is low-voltage quick charging, controlling the switching module (30) to enable the power battery system to enter a second mode, wherein the at least two batteries are connected to a charging port in parallel in the second mode.
4. A power battery system according to claim 3, characterized in that the switching module (30) further comprises an eighth switch (RL 8) and a ninth switch (RL 9), the positive terminal of the first battery (10) being further connected to the positive terminal (dc+) of the charging port through the eighth switch (RL 8), the negative terminal (DC-) of the charging port being connected to the negative terminal (HV-) of the load port, the positive terminal of the second battery (20) being connected to the negative terminal of the first battery (10) through the ninth switch (RL 9).
5. The power cell system of claim 4, wherein the control module (40) is configured to, when the charging mode is high voltage fast charging:
-controlling the fifth switch (RL 5) and the sixth switch (RL 6) to be closed, the second battery (20) powering up a load port;
-controlling the ninth (RL 9) and eighth (RL 8) switches to be closed, -the first (10) and second (20) battery being connected in series to the charging port, -the power battery system entering the first mode.
6. The power cell system of claim 4, wherein the control module (40) is configured to, when the charging mode is a low voltage fast charge:
-controlling the fifth switch (RL 5), the third switch (RL 3) and the second switch (RL 2) to be closed so that the first battery (10) and the second battery (20) are connected in parallel;
-controlling the sixth switch (RL 6) to close, the first battery (10) and the second battery (20) being connected in parallel to power up the load of the load port;
-controlling the eighth switch (RL 8) to close, -the first battery (10) and the second battery (20) being connected in parallel to the charging port, -the power battery system entering a second mode.
7. The power battery system according to claim 1, wherein the switching module (30) further comprises a fourth switch (RL 4), a seventh switch (RL 7) and a second resistor (R2), the common node of the second switch (RL 2) and the fifth switch (RL 5) is connected with the positive terminal (hv+) of the load port through the fourth switch (RL 4), the second resistor (R2) and the seventh switch (RL 7) are connected in series and then connected in parallel to two ends of the fourth switch (RL 4), and the control module (40) is specifically configured to:
-before controlling the fourth switch (RL 4) to close, controlling the seventh switch (RL 7) to close;
when the voltage of the load port meets the preset voltage, the fourth switch (RL 4) is controlled to be closed and the seventh switch (RL 7) is controlled to be opened.
8. An electric vehicle comprising the power cell system of any one of claims 1-7.
9. A control method of a power battery system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the power battery system including at least two batteries, a switching module, and a control module, the batteries being connected to the switching module, the switching module being connected to the control module, the switching module including a load port and a current limiting circuit, the power battery system control method comprising:
When a high-voltage power-on instruction to a load port is received, determining a voltage difference of at least two batteries;
when the voltage difference is larger than or equal to a preset threshold value, a current limiting circuit in a control switching module is connected with at least two batteries, the at least two batteries form a loop through the current limiting circuit, and a battery with high voltage in the batteries discharges a battery with low voltage;
and when the voltage difference is smaller than a preset threshold value, controlling the switching module to connect the at least two batteries in parallel to a load port.
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