CN116781189B - Method for calculating receiving power of receiving antenna in complex scene - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B17/102—Power radiated at antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
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Abstract
The application discloses a method for calculating the receiving power of a receiving antenna in a complex scene, which comprises the following steps: s1, setting a complex dynamic simulation scene of a flight formation and a ship; s2, calculating a power attenuation difference value and an antenna gain S3, and calculating the receiving power of the receiving antenna under a complex dynamic simulation scene. The application can solve the index under the complex scene as the input of index decomposition, namely receiving antenna receiving power, provides powerful support for how the electromagnetic compatibility index is distributed, and provides favorable conditions for further electromagnetic compatibility evaluation.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of electromagnetic waves, in particular to a method for calculating the receiving power of a receiving antenna under a complex scene.
Background
In the index decomposition process of the electromagnetic compatibility design stage of large equipment, an external complex electromagnetic environment is often required to be used as an input basis for constructing an index as an input basis for top-down decomposition of the electromagnetic compatibility index. However, at present, the external electromagnetic environment is complex and changeable, so that no better analysis and prediction means exists; the complex interactive electromagnetic scene between equipment becomes more important in future battlefields, and there is a more urgent need for how to decompose the interactive electromagnetic compatibility design index of the complex dynamic scene, and in particular, a method capable of calculating the receiving power of the receiving antenna in the complex scene is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a method for calculating the receiving power of a receiving antenna under a complex scene, which can calculate an important electromagnetic compatibility index of the receiving power of the receiving antenna in a complex dynamic electromagnetic environment and can be used as one of inputs of index decomposition.
The aim of the application is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for calculating the receiving power of a receiving antenna in a complex scene comprises the following steps:
s1, setting a complex dynamic simulation scene of a flight formation and a ship;
s2, calculating a power attenuation difference value and an antenna gain;
s3, calculating the receiving power of the receiving antenna under the complex dynamic simulation scene.
The beneficial effects of the application are as follows: the application can calculate the important electromagnetic compatibility index of the receiving power of the receiving antenna in a complex dynamic electromagnetic environment, can be used as one of the inputs of index decomposition, can evaluate whether the receiving antenna is disturbed according to the index, can help to select a frequency band in a secondary stage, can allocate parameters of a system (such as the power of a transmitter, the gain of the antenna, the sensitivity of the receiver, a modulation form, information broadband and the like), can determine the EMI specification of the system, and can judge the potential defects and the problem range.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a complex dynamic scene setup for a flight crew and a ship;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a flight crew and ship coordinate system and direction angle calculation;
FIG. 4 is a theoretical schematic diagram of a transmitter frequency response model;
FIG. 5 is a theoretical schematic diagram of a receiver frequency response model;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a hierarchical beamwidth model of antenna gain.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present application will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present application is not limited to the following description.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for calculating the receiving power of a receiving antenna in a complex scene is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, setting a complex dynamic simulation scene of a flight formation and a ship;
s101, as shown in FIG. 2, the lower left corner of the complex dynamic simulation scene is the origin of coordinates, and the corresponding coordinates areIn km, the coordinates of the upper right corner of the scene are +.>Establishing a rectangular coordinate system, wherein L represents the abscissa of the upper right corner of the scene, and +.>An ordinate representing the upper right corner of the scene; the unit is km; wherein the ship position is fixed->In km, wherein->An abscissa representing the ship position, +.>An ordinate representing the ship position; team unmanned plane +.>M is the number of unmanned aerial vehicles, and the initial position coordinate of unmanned aerial vehicle with default number i is +.>Wherein->Represents the initial position abscissa of the unmanned aerial vehicle, +.>The initial position ordinate of the unmanned aerial vehicle is expressed, and the unit is km; in the process of gradually approaching the unmanned aerial vehicle to the ship, the unmanned aerial vehicle with the number i approaches the ship at a constant speed, wherein the speed of approaching the unmanned aerial vehicle to the ship is set as +.>；
S102, the unmanned aerial vehicle with the number i is from an initial positionNear the location of the ship->The direction of the trajectory is expressed as: />；/>，/>The calculation formula is as follows:
from the initial positionThe distance to the target is: />In km, there is a total time experienced +.>The unit is->Wherein the target is a ship; find the longest time it takes for all to reach the target +.>，/>The resulting time series length is: />，/>For the simulation time stepping, the default 1S can be obtained through the preset of a user. Unmanned plane->All times from time 0 to the target process are stepped in time +.>Dividing into equal time periods +.>Sequence, j sequence of unmanned aerial vehicle with number i corresponding to each moment corresponds to moment +.>Position coordinates->：
S103, in the rectangular coordinate system, in the i-number unmanned aerial vehicleThe position of the receiving antenna at momentIs thatThe ship transmitting antenna is positioned at the position +.>Is provided with->、/>A unit vector representing the X-axis and Y-axis directions, the position vector of the unmanned plane being +.>Ship position vector is +.>As shown in fig. 3.
Azimuth of the unmanned aerial vehicle position relative to the ship positionThe calculation is performed by the following formula:
azimuth angle of ship position relative to unmanned plane positionThe calculation is performed by the following formula:
wherein,to change the vector into plural +.>And then the formula of the amplitude angle is taken, and the result is the radian value.Is the coefficient of radian rotation angle; />。
Wherein,the representation is: by ship->Is the center, unmanned plane position->The included angle between the direction and the X axis;
the representation is: unmanned plane->Is the center, the position of the ship is->The included angle between the direction and the X axis;
the representation is: the initial pointing position angle of the wave beam is defaulted to 0, and is obtained by setting by a user, wherein the unit is degree;
s2, calculating a power attenuation difference value and an antenna gain;
s201, setting the current calculation frequency by a userThe unit is MHz; and specifies maximum output power +_ at the center frequency of the transmitter>Unit dBm; the operating center frequency of the transmitter and receiver>The method is characterized in that the method is recorded in advance in a database, and the unit is MHz;
s202, at the center frequencyA plurality of frequency points are preset as the center, and are sequentially arranged from small to large and marked as fT 1 ，fT 2 ,…,fT 2K+1 Wherein 2K+1 represents the number K of the set frequency points as a positive integer, and fT k Representing the kth frequency point; wherein the method comprises the steps ofAnd a transmission power reduction value is set for each frequency point, which is respectively marked as valT 1 ，valT 2 ,…, valT 2K+1 ；
Any two adjacent frequency points form a bandwidth in 2K+1 frequency points; judging the current calculation frequency set by the userBandwidth falling into, calculating transmit power reduction +.>：
Let the bandwidth of the frequency F set by the user fall into be fT k ~fT k+1 The corresponding transmit power reduction value is valT k ~valT k+1 The amount of reduction in transmit powerThe method comprises the following steps:
as shown in FIG. 4, in the embodiment of the present application, a transmitter frequency response model is used to describe the relation of the transmitting power along with the frequency variation, the transmitting power has different attenuation changes at different bandwidths outside the center frequency, different changes are made according to different modulation modes, and after the modulation modes are selected, the upper and lower frequency limits of each bandwidth can be tested in sequence in advanceIn the present application, the transmission power reduction values at each frequency point are preset/calibrated for subsequent use according to the test result (e.g.，/>，/>，/>，/>，，/>，/>，/>Eight bandwidths are composed of nine frequencies, etc.), the current calculation frequency +.>Falls within that bandwidth (prompt the user to re-enter +.>) The frequency interval satisfying the condition is [ freq1, freq2]Recording the transmission power reduction value corresponding to the frequency freq1 as val1 and the transmission power reduction value corresponding to the frequency freq2 as val2 to obtain the transmission power reduction +.>The unit is dBm;
s203, at the center frequencyA plurality of frequency points are preset as the center, and are sequentially arranged from small to large and marked as fR 1 ，fR 2 ,…,fR 2K+1 Wherein 2K+1 represents the number K of the set frequency points as a positive integer, wherein fR k Representing the kth frequency point; wherein the method comprises the steps ofAnd a received power reduction value is set for each frequency point, which is respectively marked as valR 1 ，valR 2 ,…, valR 2K+1 ；
Any two adjacent frequency points form a bandwidth in 2K+1 frequency points; judging the current calculation frequency set by the userBandwidth falling in, calculating received power reduction +.>：
Let the bandwidth of the frequency F set by the user fall into fR k ~fR k+1 The corresponding received power reduction value is valR k ~valR k+1 The amount of reduction in received powerThe method comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 5, in the embodiment of the present application, a receiver frequency response model is used to describe the relation of the received power along with the frequency variation, where the received power has different attenuation changes at different bandwidths outside the center frequency, and different changes are made according to different modulation modes, after a modulation mode is selected, the upper and lower frequency limit points of each bandwidth and the corresponding received power reduction value can be tested in advance in sequence, where in the present application, the received power reduction value at each frequency point is preset/calibrated for subsequent use according to the test result (for example，/>，/>，/>，/>，，/>，/>，/>Eight bandwidths are composed of nine frequencies, etc.), the current calculation frequency +.>Falls within that bandwidth (prompt the user to re-enter +.>) The frequency interval satisfying the condition is [ freq1, freq2]Recording the received power attenuation value corresponding to the frequency freq1 as val1 and the received power attenuation value corresponding to the frequency freq2 as val2 to obtain the received power attenuation amount +.>The unit is dBm;
s204, two classification situations of an omni-directional antenna and a directional antenna are considered when the antenna gain is calculated:
(1) When the antenna is an omni-directional antenna, beam gain0dB;
(2) When the antenna is a directional antenna, the beam employed by the directional antenna is in a scanning state, i.e. over a period of timeRotating, beam scanning for one revolution time is +.>In seconds, the angular velocity of the beam scanning +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Then there is a beam scanning angle of +.>Radian; the simulation time step is +.>Second, if the simulation time step is further, the beam scanning is rotated by a factor of +.>Radian; furthermore, can get +.>The angular position of the beam scanning alignment at the moment isThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein (1)>Is a coefficient of angular radian; />The beam scanning current moment beam center alignment angle is expressed, and the unit is radian.
Because the antenna is a directional antenna, the antenna gain is calibrated by adopting a hierarchical beam width model, namely: the user designates the beam width of the electromagnetic beam to be respectively reduced by 3dB starting with the highest gainBeam width +.>As shown in fig. 6. Angle aligned by beam center +.>Beam width->Azimuth angle of unmanned plane position relative to ship position>Normalized gain of the antenna can be calculated by linear interpolation +.>Is satisfied->Condition I, get->The corresponding normalized gain is +.>，/>The corresponding normalized gain is +.>There is a normalized gain of the antenna>：
Wherein,the electromagnetic beam starts to drop by I dB of beamwidth with the highest gain;
special cases: if it does not meetCondition I, normalized gain of antenna +.>Wherein->The antenna spurious gain value, also called noise floor, is a characteristic parameter of the antenna itself, known in the present application.
S3, calculating the receiving power of the receiving antenna under the simulation scene.
S301, calculating free space radio wave propagation loss, and setting simulation stepping time by a user, wherein the default is 1 second; each step of simulation, the distance between the unmanned aerial vehicle with the number i and the ship isThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the From the foregoing, it can be known that the state parameters under the time series i are:
the free space wave propagation loss can be calculated from the following
Wherein the method comprises the steps of: operating frequency (unit: MHz); />: distance between transmitting and receiving antennas (unit: km)
S302, loading directional antennas on unmanned aerial vehicle formation and ships, calling corresponding electromagnetic field data from a database according to the loaded antennas, and knowing the normalized gain of the directional antennasThe calculation formula is as follows:
according toObtaining maximum gain of transmitter from the transmitter gain data (two-dimensional E face)>Normalized gain of the transmitting antenna calculated from the scanning period of the transmitting antenna +.>Calculating the actual gain of the transmitter as。
According toTransmitter acquisition in receiver gain data (two-dimensional E-plane)Maximum gain->Normalized gain of the receiving antenna calculated from the scanning period of the receiving antenna +.>Calculating the actual gain of the receiver as。
S303, obtaining a transmitter transmitting power reduction value from S202 and S203And receiver amplitude attenuation value +.>Obtaining the actual output power +.>Unit dBm;
s304, calculating a power relation (a space propagation model) between a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna with a distance r as follows:
wherein:
: transmitting antenna transmitting power, unit: w is a metal;
: transmitting antenna transmit gain of beam at receiving antenna position, unit: 1, a step of;
: receiving antenna for receiving antenna beam in receiving antenna direction of transmitting antennaGain, unit: 1, a step of;
: wavelength corresponding to working frequency, unit: m;
: receiving power of receiving antenna, unit: w is a metal;
: distance between transmitting and receiving antennas, unit: m;
converting the above formula to dB, there are:
wherein,: transmitting antenna transmitting power, unit: dBm;
: receiving power of receiving antenna, unit: dBm;
: transmitting antenna transmit gain of beam at receiving antenna position, unit: dB (dB);
: receiving antenna gain of a receiving antenna beam at a receiving antenna direction where a transmitting antenna is located, in units of: dB (dB);
: free space radio wave propagation loss;
the calculation is carried out、/>、/>、/>And->Substitution distance is +.>Power relation (spatial propagation model) between transmit antenna and receive antenna, to obtain +.>The unit is dBm, and the calculation of the whole process is completed.
In the embodiment of the application, unmanned aerial vehicle formation and complex dynamic interaction scene of the ship are taken as examples, user setting and antenna electromagnetic model database are taken as inputs, receiving power of the ship receiving antenna is calculated and obtained, whether the antenna is disturbed or not is evaluated according to the receiving power, frequency bands are selected according to evaluation results, parameters (such as transmitter power, antenna gain, receiver sensitivity, modulation form, information broadband and the like) of a distribution system are determined, the system EMI specification is determined, and potential defects and problem ranges are judged.
The foregoing is a preferred embodiment of the application, and it is to be understood that the application is not limited to the form disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as limited to other embodiments, but is capable of other combinations, modifications and environments and is capable of changes or modifications within the scope of the inventive concept, either as a result of the foregoing teachings or as a result of the knowledge or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the application are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. A method for calculating the receiving power of a receiving antenna in a complex scene is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, setting a complex dynamic simulation scene of a flight formation and a ship;
s101, setting the lower left corner of the complex dynamic simulation scene as an origin of coordinates, wherein the corresponding coordinates areIn km, the coordinates of the upper right corner of the scene are +.>Wherein L represents the abscissa of the upper right corner of the scene,/->An ordinate representing the upper right corner of the scene; the unit is km, and a rectangular coordinate system is established; wherein the ship position is fixed->In km, wherein->An abscissa representing the ship position, +.>An ordinate representing the ship position; the formation unmanned plane is->M is the number of unmanned aerial vehicles, and the initial position coordinate of unmanned aerial vehicle with default number i is +.>Wherein->Represents the initial position abscissa of the unmanned aerial vehicle, +.>The initial position ordinate of the unmanned aerial vehicle is expressed, and the unit is km; in the process that the unmanned aerial vehicle is gradually close to the ship, the unmanned aerial vehicle is close in a uniform speed mode, wherein the speed of the unmanned aerial vehicle with the number of i approaching the ship is set to be +.>；
S102, the unmanned aerial vehicle with the number i is from an initial positionNear the location of the ship->The direction of the trajectory is expressed as: />；/>，/>The calculation formula is as follows:
from the initial positionThe distance to the target is: />In km, there is a total time experienced +.>The unit is->Wherein the target is a ship; find the longest time it takes for all to reach the target +.>，/>The resulting time series length is: />，/>The simulation time step is obtained through preset; unmanned plane->All times from time 0 to the target process are stepped in time +.>Dividing into equal time periods +.>Sequence, j sequence of unmanned aerial vehicle with number i corresponding to each moment corresponds to moment +.>Position coordinates：
S103, in the rectangular coordinate system, in the i-number unmanned aerial vehicleThe position of the receiving antenna at the moment is +.>The ship transmitting antenna is positioned at the position +.>The unmanned aerial vehicle position vector is +.>The ship position vector is；
Azimuth of the unmanned aerial vehicle position relative to the ship positionThe calculation is performed by the following formula:
azimuth angle of ship position relative to unmanned plane positionThe calculation is performed by the following formula:
wherein,to change the vector into plural +.>Then, taking a formula of an amplitude angle, and taking an radian value as a result;
is the coefficient of radian rotation angle; />，/>、/>A unit vector representing directions of an X axis and a Y axis;
wherein,the representation is: by ship->Is the center, unmanned plane position->The included angle between the direction and the X axis;
the representation is: unmanned plane->Is the center, the position of the ship is->The included angle between the direction and the X axis;
the representation is: the initial pointing position angle of the wave beam is defaulted to 0, and is obtained by setting by a user, wherein the unit is degree;
s2, calculating a power attenuation difference value and an antenna gain;
s201, setting the current calculation frequency by a userThe unit is MHz; and specifies maximum output power +_ at the center frequency of the transmitter>Unit dBm; entry of the working center frequencies of the transmitter and receiver in advance in a database>The unit is MHz;
s202, constructing a transmitter frequency response model: at the center frequencyA plurality of frequency points are preset as the center, and are sequentially arranged from small to large and marked as fT 1 ，fT 2 ,…,fT 2K+1 Wherein 2K+1 represents the number K of the set frequency points as a positive integer, and fT k Representing the kth frequency point; wherein->And a transmission power reduction value is set for each frequency point, which is respectively marked as valT 1 ，valT 2 ,…, valT 2K+1 ；
Any two adjacent frequency points form a bandwidth in 2K+1 frequency points; judging the current calculation frequency set by the userBandwidth falling into, calculating transmit power reduction +.>：
Let the bandwidth of the frequency F set by the user fall into be fT k ~fT k+1 The corresponding transmit power reduction value is valT k ~valT k+1 The amount of reduction in transmit powerThe method comprises the following steps:
s203, constructing a receiver frequency response model: at the center frequencyA plurality of frequency points are preset as the center, and are sequentially arranged from small to large and marked as fR 1 ，fR 2 ,…,fR 2K+1 Wherein 2K+1 represents the number K of the set frequency points as a positive integer, wherein fR k Representing the kth frequency point; wherein->And a received power reduction value is set for each frequency point, which is respectively marked as valR 1 ，valR 2 ,…, valR 2K+1 ；
Any two adjacent frequency points form a bandwidth in 2K+1 frequency points; judging the current calculation frequency set by the userBandwidth falling in, calculating received power reduction +.>：
Let the bandwidth of the frequency F set by the user fall into fR k ~fR k+1 The corresponding received power reduction value is valR k ~valR k+1 The amount of reduction in received powerThe method comprises the following steps:
s204, two classification situations of an omni-directional antenna and a directional antenna are considered when the antenna gain is calculated:
(1) When the antenna is an omni-directional antenna, beam gain0dB;
(2) When the antenna is a directional antenna, the beam employed by the directional antenna is in a scanning state, i.e. over a period of timeRotating, beam scanning for one revolution time is +.>In seconds, the angular velocity of the beam scanning +.>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Then there is a beam scanning angle of +.>Radian; the simulation time step is +.>Second, if the simulation time step is further, the beam scanning is rotated by a factor of +.>Radian; furthermore, can get +.>The angular position of the beam scanning alignment at the moment isThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein (1)>Is a coefficient of angular radian; />The beam scanning current moment beam center alignment angle is represented, and the unit is radian;
because the antenna is a directional antenna, the antenna gain is calibrated by adopting a hierarchical beam width model, namely: the user designates the beam width of the electromagnetic beam to be respectively reduced by 3dB starting with the highest gainBeam width +.>；
Angle aligned by beam centerBeam width->Azimuth angle of unmanned plane position relative to ship position>Calculating the normalized gain of the antenna by linear interpolation>Is satisfied->The I value of the condition is obtainedThe corresponding normalized gain is +.>，/>The corresponding normalized gain is +.>There is a normalized gain of the antenna>：
Wherein,the electromagnetic beam starts to drop by I dB of beamwidth with the highest gain;
if it does not meetCondition I, normalized gain of antenna +.>Wherein->Is an antenna spurious gain value, also known as noise floor;
s3, calculating the receiving power of the receiving antenna under a complex dynamic simulation scene;
s301, calculating free space radio wave propagation loss, and setting simulation stepping time by a user, wherein the default is 1 second; each step of simulation, the distance between the unmanned aerial vehicle with the number i and the ship isThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The state parameters under time sequence i are:
the free space wave propagation loss is calculated from
Wherein the method comprises the steps ofIndicating the operating frequency, unit: MHz; />Distance between transmitting and receiving antennas, unit: km
S302, loading directional antennas on unmanned aerial vehicle formation and ships, and calling corresponding electromagnetic field data from a database according to the loaded antennas, wherein the normalization gain of the directional antennasThe calculation formula is as follows:
according toObtaining maximum gain of transmitter from the transmitter gain data>Normalized gain of the transmitting antenna calculated from the scanning period of the transmitting antenna +.>The actual gain of the transmitter is calculated to be +.>；
According toObtaining the maximum gain of the transmitter from the receiver gain data>Normalized gain of receiving antenna calculated according to scanning period of transmitting antenna +.>The actual gain of the receiver is calculated to be +.>；
S303, obtaining a transmitter transmitting power reduction value from S202 and S203And receiver amplitude attenuation value +.>Obtaining the actual output power +.>Unit dBm;
s304, calculating a power relation between a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna with a distance r as follows:
wherein:
: transmitting antenna transmitting power, unit: w is a metal;
: transmitting antenna transmit gain of beam at receiving antenna position, unit: 1, a step of;
: receiving antenna gain of a receiving antenna beam at a receiving antenna direction where a transmitting antenna is located, in units of: 1, a step of;
: wavelength corresponding to working frequency, unit: m;
: receiving power of receiving antenna, unit: w is a metal;
: distance between transmitting and receiving antennas, unit: m;
converting the above formula to dB, there are:
wherein,: transmitting antenna transmitting power, unit: dBm;
: receiving power of receiving antenna, unit: dBm;
: transmitting antenna transmit gain of beam at receiving antenna position, unit: dB (dB);
: receiving antenna gain of a receiving antenna beam at a receiving antenna direction where a transmitting antenna is located, in units of: dB (dB);
: free space radio wave propagation loss;
the calculation is carried out、/>、/>、/>And->Substitution distance is +.>Power relation between transmit antenna and receive antenna, to obtain +.>The unit is dBm, and the calculation of the whole process is completed.
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