CN107979427B - 300MHz-800MHz simulation television station transmitting power radiation test system - Google Patents
300MHz-800MHz simulation television station transmitting power radiation test system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an unmanned aerial vehicle low-altitude radiation test system for simulating the transmitting power of a television station at 300MHz-800MHz, and belongs to the field of performance index tests of radio transmitting systems. The system comprises an automatic test subsystem and an unmanned aerial vehicle, wherein the automatic test subsystem comprises measuring equipment, a distance measurement and positioning device, a propagation path loss analysis module, an equivalent omnidirectional radiation power estimation module and a data integration module; the measuring equipment and the distance measuring and positioning device are arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle. The measuring equipment receives the electromagnetic wave transmitted by the station to be measured through the receiving antenna, converts the electromagnetic wave into an electric signal, and calculates the peak power P incident to the receiving antenna according to the electric signalr. The propagation path loss analysis module analyzes the center frequency f of the measuring deviceMHzAnd distance r sets the propagation path loss a. The invention greatly reduces the limitation of the equipment detection work by the terrain, realizes more comprehensive and accurate detection of the broadcast television station, and improves the timeliness, flexibility and autonomy of the radio monitoring work.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of performance index testing of radio transmitting systems, and particularly relates to a 300MHz-800MHz unmanned aerial vehicle low-altitude radiation testing system for simulating transmitting power of a television station.
Background
The prior art tests for the transmission power of analog television stations are mainly carried out by two modes, namely conduction and ground radiation reception. By adopting a conduction mode, the station transmitter outputs radio frequency power to the input end of the test equipment through the coupling port, and the transmitting power of the transmitter can be calculated according to the coupling power and the coupling coefficient received by the test equipment. The traditional conduction test mode cannot not only examine the influence of an antenna feed system on the actual radiation characteristics of the station, but also cannot be carried out because a transmitter of the station does not have a coupling port or coupling parameters of the coupling port are lacked. In addition, from the practical effect of analog television station detection, because the traditional conduction testing mode needs the advanced coordination and coordination of a plurality of departments such as testing mechanisms, stations and the like, the timeliness, flexibility and autonomy of monitoring work can be influenced. By adopting a radiation test mode, the received signals are easily influenced by high buildings, the ground, various vegetation and municipal arrangement, so that the site selection requirement of a test site is high, the test error is large, and the precision requirement on the detection of analog television station equipment cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a 300MHz-800MHz simulation television station transmitting power unmanned aerial vehicle low-altitude radiation test system, which aims at the problems of large measurement error, inflexible test work, high requirements on site selection of test sites and the like existing in the prior test of the transmitting power of the simulation television station.
The invention provides an unmanned aerial vehicle low-altitude radiation testing system which comprises an automatic testing subsystem and a flight subsystem, wherein the automatic testing subsystem comprises measuring equipment and a measuring control device, and the measuring control device comprises a propagation path loss analysis module, an equivalent omnidirectional radiation power estimation module and a data integration module; the measuring device is arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle.
The unmanned aerial vehicle receives the control of the unmanned aerial vehicle control device in the air, and the posture of the unmanned aerial vehicle is adjusted in real time, so that a receiving antenna in the measuring equipment is over against a transmitting antenna of a station to be measured. The distance measuring and positioning device adopts an airborne GPS to obtain the longitude and latitude and the height of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and then combines with the station to be measuredAnd calculating the distance between the transmitting and receiving antennas. The measuring equipment receives the electromagnetic wave transmitted by the station to be measured through the receiving antenna, converts the electromagnetic wave into an electric signal, and calculates the peak power P incident to the receiving antenna according to the electric signalr。
The propagation path loss analysis module analyzes the propagation path loss according to the center frequency f of the measuring equipmentMHzAnd setting propagation path loss A by the distance r, wherein the calculation formula of A is as follows:
wherein, ηAFor the efficiency of the receiving antenna, D is the coefficient of the receiving antenna's maximum directional direction,
the pattern function is normalized for the receiving antenna,
receiving the value r of the normalized directional diagram function corresponding to the incoming wave direction of the i-th path of the analog television signal incident wave for a receiving antennaiThe unit of the propagation path of the ith analog television signal received by a receiving antenna of the measuring equipment is meter, and i is a positive integer.
The equivalent omnidirectional radiation power estimation module is used for calculating the single omnidirectional radiation power. The data synthesis module is used for controlling the test operation of the automatic test subsystem, and storing and outputting test results.
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
(1) the system adopts the unmanned aerial vehicle to carry the measuring equipment, so that the limitation of the terrain in the test development process is greatly reduced, and the radio transmitting method of the station including the transmitter and the antenna feed method can be monitored more comprehensively and accurately; in addition, in the actual test process, station departments are not required to participate, and coupling ports of transmitters are not required to be connected, so that the timeliness, flexibility and autonomy of the detection work of the analog television station transmitting equipment can be improved;
(2) the transmission path loss analysis module of the system calculates the equivalent omnidirectional radiation power by adopting a corrected transmission path loss formula, can realize that the loss of each path of incoming waves is approximated, classifies all interference signals by combining the characteristics of different receiving effects of the antennas on the incoming waves in different directions, neglects the interference influence to be less than-10 dB, eliminates the signals with the interference influence of-3 to-10 dB from the received signals, and finally obtains a test result with higher precision, and the test error of the system is 1 to 8dB and is more than 5dB higher than the error of 6 to 14dB of the conventional radiation test through the experimental verification of an unmanned aerial vehicle test platform.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the radiation testing system for the transmission power of a 300MHz-800MHz analog television station of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the test system provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
In the existing test of the transmission power of the analog television station, the distance value between a receiving antenna of a test system and a transmitting antenna of a radio and television station needs to be manually measured by a laser range finder device, the relative height also needs to be calculated after the altitude of a receiving point and the altitude of the transmitting antenna of the radio and television station are measured by using a handheld GPS, then the pitch degree which the receiving antenna should adopt is calculated through the horizontal distance of a transmitting and receiving end, the distance between the transmitting and receiving antennas and the relative height, and the work is repeated when one receiving point is replaced. According to the test system provided by the invention, the unmanned aerial vehicle is used for carrying the antenna to receive the electromagnetic waves transmitted by the analog television station, the height, direction and longitude and latitude information of the unmanned aerial vehicle can be obtained in real time in the measurement process, and then the transmission power of the television station is calculated in the test subsystem on the unmanned aerial vehicle. The test system can obtain the flight data of the unmanned aerial vehicle in real time, further measure the transmitting power in real time, and only needs less than 1 second to realize the original work requiring minutes, so that the measurement efficiency is greatly improved, and the efficiency is particularly obviously improved under the condition of testing in a plurality of test sites.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the low-altitude radiation test system for the unmanned aerial vehicle with the transmission power of the 300MHz-800MHz analog television station provided by the invention. As shown in fig. 1, the test system for low-altitude radiation of unmanned aerial vehicle simulating the transmission power of television station includes two subsystems: an automatic test subsystem and a flight subsystem. The automatic test subsystem includes: the device comprises a measuring device and a measuring control device, wherein the measuring control device comprises a data synthesis module, an equivalent omnidirectional radiation power estimation module and a propagation path loss analysis module. The flight subsystem comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle, an airborne remote control receiver, an automatic pilot, a magnetic compass, a gyroscope, a distance measuring and positioning device and an unmanned aerial vehicle control device.
The measuring device comprises a tablet computer, an antenna, a power measuring device, a receiving feeder line and a connector. The panel computer is used for recording and processing the received signals and supplying power to the frequency spectrograph. The antenna adopts a log-periodic structure, covers the frequency range from 300MHz to 800MHz, and is used for receiving electromagnetic waves transmitted by the analog television station at low altitude and converting the electromagnetic waves into electric signals; antenna pattern and gain GrThe power measuring device adopts a frequency spectrograph, the testing center frequency and the frequency scanning range of the frequency spectrograph are adjustable, the frequency spectrograph can cover the frequency range to be tested, and the power measuring device has the function of automatically measuring the peak power, and the transmission coefficient L of a receiving feeder line and a connectorrThe frequency dependent behavior can be calibrated in a shielded room. The power measuring device further calculates the peak power P incident to the receiving antenna according to the obtained electric signalr. The measuring equipment is installed on unmanned aerial vehicle, and in order to guarantee that the full weight of test system is not more than unmanned aerial vehicle loading capacity, measuring equipment must be injectd in the aspect of weight.
The distance measuring and positioning device is used for measuring the distance r between the transmitting and receiving antennas. In the invention, the distance measuring and positioning device adopts an onboard GPS to acquire the height and longitude and latitude of the unmanned aerial vehicle, acquire the position of the analog television station, and then calculate the distance r between a receiving antenna on the unmanned aerial vehicle and a transmitting antenna of the analog television station according to the longitude and latitude and the relative height with the analog radio station. In addition, the positioning function of the GPS receiver can realize measurement of relevant parameters in a wider range.
The propagation path loss analysis module measures the frequency f according to the centerMHzDistance r, antenna pattern and gain, the estimation of propagation path loss is done. The system adopts the corrected propagation path loss calculation formula to calculate so as to improve the measurement precision.
The classical electromagnetic wave propagation path loss analysis formula is a loss formula of an electromagnetic wave in a free space, and is based on the loss of the electromagnetic wave from a transmitting end to a receiving end in a vacuum environment of an infinite space. However, in a practical condition, the transmitting end is affected by the antenna gain, and the electromagnetic waves propagating in different directions are reflected or scattered for multiple times due to the influence of buildings, vegetation, the ground and municipal facilities in the propagation process, so that power superposition interference is generated in a certain direction, and the measurement result calculated by the formula has an error of 10-20dB due to the superposition interference. Therefore, this formula does not apply in actual tests.
In the invention, in a propagation path loss analysis module, the existing propagation path loss formula is improved according to the central frequency f of the measuring equipmentMHzThe distance r from the transmitting and receiving antennas is preferably set to the following value of the propagation path loss a:
in which the gain of the antenna varies as a function of the direction
The antenna receives the value of the corresponding gain function in the incoming wave direction of the i-th path of the analog television signal incoming wave
ηAIs the antenna efficiency; d is the directional coefficient in the maximum direction of the antenna;
in order to normalize the antenna pattern function,
respectively the spatial angle and the azimuth angle,
the value r of the normalized directional diagram function corresponding to the incoming wave direction of the ith analog television signal incoming wave of the tested station received by the antennaiThe unit of the propagation path of the ith analog television signal received by a receiving antenna of the measuring equipment is meter, and i is a positive integer.
Is a parameter of the incident wave of the ith analog television signal
A specific value of (a), riIs a specific value of the parameter r of the incident wave of the ith analog television signal.
Preferably, F is set
And riThe values satisfy the following conditions:
wherein R is1The straight-line distance from the transmitting antenna of the station to be measured to the receiving antenna of the measuring equipment.
Further selected by the following formula
Experiments prove that the measurement accuracy can be further improved and the measurement error can be reduced by optimizing the setting.
In the case of a particular application,
the normalized directional diagram of the receiving antenna used in practice, e.g. the normalized directional diagram function of a binary flush dipole antenna array, should be used
Comprises the following steps:
by utilizing the corrected propagation path loss formula and the optimized calculation formula, the calculated A value accurately contains all incident waves of analog television signals, including direct waves, reflected waves from different directions and scattered waves from different directions, the loss of each path of incoming waves is approximated, all interference signals are classified by combining the characteristics of different receiving effects of the antenna on the incoming waves from different directions, the interference influence is neglected to be less than-10 dB, the signals with the interference influence of-3 to-10 dB are removed from the received signals, and finally a test result with higher precision is obtained. Different antennas have different receiving characteristics, so that the formula provides a selection and rejection principle of each direction of the receiving antenna through a partial derivative algorithm, signals received by side lobes which have larger influence on a measuring result in an antenna directional diagram are selected through a derivation equation system, power generated by the signals is removed, and the calculation mode is effective to any directional antenna with the front-to-back ratio being larger than 10dB through experiments. In actual test, the test error of the algorithm adopted in the unmanned aerial vehicle test platform is 1-8dB, and is more than 5dB more accurate than the error of the prior radiation test of 6-14 dB.
The equivalent omnidirectional radiation power estimation module is used for calculating the single equivalent omnidirectional radiation power EIRP, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
where EIRP is in dBm.
The data synthesis module realizes the control of the automatic test subsystem through an automatic program, controls the measurement equipment to adopt the operation of 'measuring for many times and taking the maximum value' when measuring the peak power, measures the equivalent omnidirectional radiation power for many times, obtains the average equivalent omnidirectional radiation power EIRP, stores and outputs the test result, and forms a test report.
The reason why the data synthesis module controls the measuring equipment to measure for multiple times to obtain the peak power is as follows: the method comprises the steps that direct waves, reflected waves and scattered waves interfere in space to cause signal intensity to be superposed on one part of test points and offset on the other part of test points, and the unmanned aerial vehicle inevitably suffers GPS errors in a hovering state and shifts in a small range of positions due to sudden changes of wind speed and the like, so that the power received when the unmanned aerial vehicle shifts to different positions is different.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the use of the radiation testing system for the transmission power of 300MHz-800MHz analog TV station provided by the invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the radiation test system for the transmitting power of the 300MHz-800MHz analog TV station provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s01: before the test is carried out, basic information of a tested station, namely, a station address, a service type, frequency, startup and shutdown and maintenance time arrangement, a transmitting antenna height, a polarization mode, a type, a gain, a directional diagram and the like, needs to be collected; determining the specific time of the outgoing test according to the time, weather, personnel and other requirements;
s02: selecting a take-off and landing field suitable for the multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle, wherein the height of a peripheral building does not exceed half of the height of an antenna of a station to be detected, and a receiving antenna and a transmitting antenna of the station to be detected are not shielded;
s03: after the test place and time are determined, the receiving antenna, the receiving feeder line and the connector to be adopted by the test system are calibrated in a full-electric wave darkroom (antenna darkroom) and a shielding room in advance, and the gain G of the receiving antenna is recordedrAnd transmission coefficients L of the receive feed and connectorr；
S04: connecting a test system to a test site, and starting up for preheating; preparation before many rotor unmanned aerial vehicle fly, including connecting the remote controller, connecting the ground station, whether normal through the ground station inspection unmanned aerial vehicle condition.
S05: setting the center frequency and frequency scanning range of the measuring equipment: center frequency set to fMHzIn MHz;
s06: setting the resolution bandwidth and video bandwidth of the measuring equipment: the resolution bandwidth is 100kHz, and the video bandwidth is 1 kHz;
s07: setting the detection mode of the measuring equipment as average detection;
s08: the multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle carries the measuring equipment to take off, and the posture of the unmanned aerial vehicle is adjusted, so that the receiving antenna is just opposite to the transmitting antenna of the station to be measured.
S09: measuring (calculating) and recording the distance r between the transmitting and receiving antennas by an airborne GPS, wherein the unit is meter;
s10: according to the centre frequency f of the measuring deviceMHzAnd the distance r between the transmitting and receiving antennas, the value of the propagation path loss formula a is calculated.
S11: the data synthesis module controls the initialization of a measurement counter, namely i is 1;
s12: starting the measuring equipment to complete the first measuring scanning to obtain the peak power Pr1And recorded. The peak power P is measured and recorded in the same mannerr2、Pr3…Pri(ii) a When i equals 20, stop the measurement and let PrGet PriMaximum value of (2).
S13: will PrAnd substituting into an EIRP calculation formula to obtain the EIRP.
S14: and storing and outputting the test result to form a test report.
When the current test simulates the transmitting power of a television station, when the distance between a receiving antenna of a test system and a transmitting antenna of a broadcasting station is obtained, the distance measurement needs to be carried out manually through a laser distance meter device, the relative height also needs to be calculated after the altitude of a receiving point and the altitude of the transmitting antenna of the broadcasting station are measured by using a handheld GPS, then the pitch degree which the receiving antenna should adopt is calculated through the horizontal distance of a transmitting and receiving end, the distance between the transmitting and receiving antennas and the relative height, and the work needs to be repeated when one receiving point is replaced. According to the measuring system, the unmanned aerial vehicle is used for carrying the antenna to receive the electromagnetic waves emitted by the analog television station, the height, direction and longitude and latitude information of the unmanned aerial vehicle can be obtained in real time in the measuring process, and then the emitting power of the television station is calculated in the testing subsystem on the unmanned aerial vehicle. The measurement system can obtain the GPS and flight attitude data of the unmanned aerial vehicle in real time, further realize real-time measurement of the transmitting power, and greatly improve the measurement efficiency by only needing less than 1 second for the original work of minute level, and particularly obviously improve the efficiency under the condition of testing in a plurality of test sites.
The measurement was carried out in Zhengzhou, Shijiazhuang, etc., using the measurement system of the present invention, as shown in the following table.
TABLE 1 comparison of the field test results and truth values of Zhengzhou and Shijiazhuang
In table 1, the operating frequency of the device to be tested represents the operating frequency of the transmitter of the analog television station to be tested, the actual test receiving power value represents the signal power value received at the test site, the EIRP measurement result represents the result obtained by the measurement system of the present invention in the actual test, the EIRP true value is to develop a result comparison verification experiment, the true EIRP of the station obtained by calibrating the station to be tested is compared with the EIRP true value, and the measurement error of the test system of the present invention is determined by comparing the EIRP measurement result with the EIRP true value.
As can be seen from Table 1, the measurement system of the invention adopts a corrected propagation path loss formula to calculate the equivalent omnidirectional radiation power, can realize the approximation of the loss of each path of incoming waves, and finally can obtain a test result with higher precision, and the test error of the measurement system of the invention is 1-8dB, which is more than 5dB more accurate than the error of the prior radiation test 6-14 dB.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the description is only for the purpose of explaining the claims. The scope of the invention is not limited by the description. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the disclosure of the present invention should be covered within the protective scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (4)
1. An unmanned aerial vehicle low-altitude radiation test system simulating the transmitting power of a television station at 300MHz-800MHz is characterized by comprising an automatic test subsystem and an unmanned aerial vehicle, wherein the automatic test subsystem comprises measuring equipment, a distance measuring and positioning device, a propagation path loss analysis module, an equivalent omnidirectional radiation power estimation module and a data integration module; the measuring equipment and the distance measuring and positioning device are arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle;
the unmanned aerial vehicle receives the control of the unmanned aerial vehicle control device in the air, and the posture of the unmanned aerial vehicle is adjusted in real time, so that a receiving antenna of the measuring equipment is over against a transmitting antenna of a station to be measured;
the distance measuring and positioning device adopts an airborne GPS to acquire the longitude and latitude and the height of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and then calculates the distance between a receiving antenna of the measuring equipment and a transmitting antenna of the station to be measured by combining the position of the station to be measured;
the measuring equipment receives the electromagnetic wave transmitted by the station to be measured through the receiving antenna, converts the electromagnetic wave into an electric signal, and calculates the peak power P incident to the receiving antenna according to the electric signalr；
The propagation path loss analysis module analyzes the propagation path loss according to the center frequency f of the measuring equipmentMHzAnd setting propagation path loss A by the distance r, wherein the calculation formula of A is as follows:
wherein, ηAFor the efficiency of the receiving antenna, D is the coefficient of the receiving antenna's maximum directional direction,
the pattern function is normalized for the receiving antenna,
receiving the value r of the normalized directional diagram function corresponding to the incoming wave direction of the i-th path of the analog television signal incident wave for a receiving antennaiThe propagation path of the ith analog television signal received by a receiving antenna of the measuring equipment is measured in meters, and i is a positive integer;
the propagation path loss analysis module is used for setting when calculating the propagation path loss A
And riThe value satisfies:
wherein R is1The linear distance from a transmitting antenna of the station to be measured to a receiving antenna of the measuring equipment is measured;
is provided with
The value satisfies the following formula:
the equivalent omnidirectional radiation power estimation module is used for calculating single omnidirectional radiation power;
the data synthesis module is used for controlling the test operation of the automatic test subsystem, and storing and outputting test results.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the antenna of the measurement device is constructed in a log periodic structure covering a frequency range from 300MHz to 800 MHz.
3. The system of claim 1 wherein the equivalent isotropic radiated power estimation module calculates the EIRP according to the following equation,
wherein, LrThe transmission coefficients of a receiving feeder line and a connector in the measuring equipment are measured;
and obtaining the value of the corresponding gain function in the incoming wave direction of the i-th path of the analog television signal incoming wave received by the receiving antenna.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the data integration module controls the measurement device to measure the peak power a plurality of times, and then selects a maximum value of the measured peak power as a final measured value of the peak power.
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