CN116780783B - Carbon dioxide trapping energy storage system and control method - Google Patents
Carbon dioxide trapping energy storage system and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116780783B CN116780783B CN202311027829.6A CN202311027829A CN116780783B CN 116780783 B CN116780783 B CN 116780783B CN 202311027829 A CN202311027829 A CN 202311027829A CN 116780783 B CN116780783 B CN 116780783B
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 666
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 333
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 333
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 132
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a carbon dioxide trapping energy storage system and a control method, wherein the carbon dioxide trapping energy storage system comprises an air storage tank, an air compression unit, a carbon dioxide compression unit, a liquid storage unit and a carbon dioxide power generation unit, the air storage tank is used for storing air and carbon dioxide, the air compression unit is connected with the air storage tank for conveying compressed air into the air storage tank, the carbon dioxide compression unit is communicated with the air storage tank for compressing gaseous carbon dioxide in the air storage tank to form liquid carbon dioxide, the liquid storage unit is connected with the carbon dioxide compression unit for storing the liquid carbon dioxide discharged by the carbon dioxide compression unit, the carbon dioxide power generation unit comprises a carbon dioxide preheater, a combustion chamber and a carbon dioxide expansion machine, which are sequentially connected, and the carbon dioxide preheater is positioned between the liquid storage unit and the combustion chamber. The carbon dioxide trapping energy storage system can improve the power generation capacity of the energy storage system and has the function of trapping carbon dioxide with low energy consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage, and particularly relates to a carbon dioxide trapping energy storage system and a control method.
Background
The compressed gas energy storage technology is an electric power energy storage system capable of realizing high-capacity and long-time electric energy storage, and is used for storing redundant electric power in a mode that normal-pressure gas is compressed to high pressure by a compressor and stored, and when electricity is needed, the high-pressure gas is released and expanded to generate electricity. The compressed gas energy storage mainly comprises compressed air energy storage and compressed carbon dioxide energy storage modes.
In the energy storage system in the related art, high-pressure carbon dioxide directly enters an expander to generate electricity after passing through a preheater, so that the power generation capacity of the carbon dioxide is small, and the carbon dioxide cannot be trapped, so that the function of the carbon dioxide is single and weak.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent. Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a carbon dioxide trapping energy storage system, which can improve the power generation capacity of the energy storage system and has a low-energy-consumption carbon dioxide trapping function.
The carbon dioxide trapping energy storage system of the embodiment of the invention comprises: the air storage tank is used for storing air and carbon dioxide; the air compression unit is connected with the air storage tank and is connected with the air storage tank to convey compressed air into the air storage tank; the carbon dioxide compression unit is communicated with the gas storage tank and used for compressing gaseous carbon dioxide in the gas storage tank to form liquid carbon dioxide and separating and capturing carbon dioxide generated by the carbon dioxide power generation unit; the liquid storage unit is connected with the carbon dioxide compression unit to store liquid carbon dioxide discharged by the carbon dioxide compression unit; the carbon dioxide power generation unit comprises a carbon dioxide preheater, a combustion chamber and a carbon dioxide expander which are sequentially connected, one end of the carbon dioxide preheater is connected with the liquid storage unit, the other end of the carbon dioxide preheater is connected with the combustion chamber, an outlet of the combustion chamber is connected with an inlet of the carbon dioxide expander, and an outlet of the carbon dioxide expander is connected with the air storage tank. The carbon dioxide power generation unit is used for gasifying and burning the liquid carbon dioxide of the liquid storage unit to heat to a high temperature and then expanding to generate power.
The carbon dioxide trapping energy storage system provided by the embodiment of the invention can improve the energy utilization rate and the power generation efficiency.
In some embodiments, the air storage tank is provided with an air cavity and a carbon dioxide cavity, the air cavity is communicated with the air compression unit, the carbon dioxide cavity is communicated with the carbon dioxide compression unit, and/or the carbon dioxide power generation unit further comprises a carbon dioxide heat regenerator and a gas-water separator, the carbon dioxide heat regenerator is arranged between the carbon dioxide preheater and the carbon dioxide expansion machine, and the gas-water separator is arranged between the carbon dioxide preheater and the air storage tank.
In some embodiments, the carbon dioxide capture energy storage system further comprises an oxygen generation component, a pure oxygen output of the oxygen generation component being coupled to the combustion chamber.
In some embodiments, the liquid storage unit comprises a liquid storage tank and a liquid heater, wherein an outlet of the liquid storage tank is connected with the carbon dioxide preheater and the liquid heater respectively, and an outlet of the liquid heater is connected with an inlet of the liquid storage tank.
In some embodiments, the carbon dioxide compression unit comprises a carbon dioxide compressor, a carbon dioxide heat exchanger, a carbon dioxide condenser and a non-condensable gas separator which are sequentially connected, an outlet of the non-condensable gas separator is connected with an inlet of the liquid storage tank, non-condensable gas separated by the non-condensable gas separator is input into the air cavity, a part of separated liquid carbon dioxide is directly captured, and the rest of separated liquid carbon dioxide is conveyed to the liquid storage unit.
In some embodiments, the carbon dioxide capture and energy storage system further comprises a first heat storage unit comprising a first cold tank and a first hot tank, an outlet of the first cold tank is connected to the carbon dioxide heat exchanger, an inlet of the first cold tank is connected to the carbon dioxide preheater, an inlet of the first hot tank is connected to one end of the carbon dioxide heat exchanger, and an outlet of the first hot tank is connected to the other end of the carbon dioxide preheater.
In some embodiments, the air compression unit comprises an air compressor and an air heat exchanger connected in sequence, and an outlet of the air heat exchanger is communicated with the air storage tank.
In some embodiments, the carbon dioxide capture and energy storage system further comprises an air power generation unit, the air power generation unit comprises a first air expander, a second air expander and an air preheater, an inlet of the air preheater is connected with the air storage tank, an outlet of the air preheater is respectively connected with the first air expander and the second air expander, an outlet of the second air expander is connected with one end of the carbon dioxide preheater, and the other end of the carbon dioxide preheater is connected with an inlet of the oxygen generating component.
In some embodiments, the carbon dioxide capture and energy storage system further comprises a second heat storage unit comprising a second cold tank and a second hot tank, an inlet of the second cold tank is connected with an outlet of the liquid heater, an outlet of the second cold tank is connected with one end of the air heat exchanger, an inlet of the second hot tank is connected with the other end of the air heat exchanger, an outlet of the second hot tank is connected with one end of the air preheater, and the other end of the air preheater is connected with the inlet of the liquid heater.
The carbon dioxide capturing and energy storing control method according to the embodiment of the present invention, using the system according to any one of the above embodiments, includes:
when the carbon dioxide trapping and energy storing system stores energy, a carbon dioxide cavity in the air storage tank discharges gaseous carbon dioxide outwards, the carbon dioxide compression unit compresses the gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide generated by pure oxygen combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber during energy release in the liquid carbon dioxide is separated and trapped, the rest liquid carbon dioxide is conveyed to the liquid storage unit, and the air compression unit compresses air in the atmosphere and conveys the air to an air cavity in the air storage tank so as to keep the pressure of the air cavity and the pressure of the carbon dioxide cavity constant and balanced;
when the carbon dioxide trapping energy storage system releases energy, liquid carbon dioxide in the liquid storage tank is discharged to the carbon dioxide power generation unit, the carbon dioxide power generation unit utilizes the liquid carbon dioxide to gasify the liquid carbon dioxide and directly burn pure oxygen in the carbon dioxide atmosphere in the combustion chamber to supplement heat, and the compressed air in the air cavity in the air storage tank is divided into two paths through expansion power generation of the carbon dioxide expansion machine, one path of compressed air is discharged to the air power generation unit, the air power generation unit utilizes the compressed air to completely expand and generate power, and the other path of compressed air is discharged to the air power generation unit to form compressed air with lower pressure after being partially expanded and generated to enter the oxygen generation component to generate oxygen for the combustion chamber.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide capture and energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
the air storage tank 100, the air compression unit 200, the carbon dioxide compression unit 300, the liquid storage unit 400, the carbon dioxide generation unit 500, the oxygen generation part 600, the first heat storage unit 700, the air generation unit 800, the second heat storage unit 900,
the carbon dioxide preheater 1, the first heat exchange channel 101, the second heat exchange channel 102, the third heat exchange channel 103, the fourth heat exchange channel 104,
the combustion chamber 2, the carbon dioxide expander 3,
the carbon dioxide regenerator 4, the fifth heat exchange channel 41, the sixth heat exchange channel 42,
a gas-water separator 5, a liquid storage tank 6,
the liquid heater 7, the seventh heat exchanging channel 71, the eighth heat exchanging channel 72, the ninth heat exchanging channel 73,
a carbon dioxide compressor 8,
the carbon dioxide heat exchanger 9, the tenth heat exchange passage 91, the eleventh heat exchange passage 92,
a carbon dioxide condenser 10, a non-condensable gas separator 11, a first cold tank 12, a first hot tank 13, an air compressor 14,
the air heat exchanger 15, the twelfth heat exchange passage 151, the thirteenth heat exchange passage 152,
the first air expander 16, the second air expander 17,
the air preheater 18, the fourteenth heat exchange channel 181, the fifteenth heat exchange channel 182,
a second cold tank 19, a second hot tank 20, an air chamber 21, a carbon dioxide chamber 22, a diaphragm 23, and a liquid pump 24.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the carbon dioxide capturing and storing system according to the embodiment of the invention comprises a gas storage tank 100, an air compression unit 200, a carbon dioxide compression unit 300, a liquid storage unit 400 and a carbon dioxide power generation unit 500, wherein the gas storage tank 100 is used for storing air and carbon dioxide, the air compression unit 200 is connected with the gas storage tank 100 for conveying compressed air into the gas storage tank 100, the carbon dioxide compression unit 300 is communicated with the gas storage tank 100 for compressing gaseous carbon dioxide in the gas storage tank 100 to form liquid carbon dioxide, the liquid storage unit 400 is connected with the carbon dioxide compression unit 300 for storing the liquid carbon dioxide discharged by the carbon dioxide compression unit 300, the carbon dioxide power generation unit 500 comprises a carbon dioxide preheater 1, a combustion chamber 2 and a carbon dioxide expander 3 which are sequentially connected, one end of the carbon dioxide preheater 1 is connected with the liquid storage unit 400, the other end of the carbon dioxide preheater 1 is connected with the combustion chamber 2, the outlet of the combustion chamber 2 is connected with the inlet of the carbon dioxide expander 3, and the outlet of the carbon dioxide expander 3 is connected with the gas storage tank 100.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the air storage tank 100 has a first port and a second port, the first port is in communication with the air compression unit 200, the second port is in communication with the carbon dioxide compression unit 300, the carbon dioxide compression unit 300 is connected with the liquid storage unit 400, it should be noted that the carbon dioxide compression unit 300 can compress gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide and store the liquid carbon dioxide in the liquid storage unit 400, and the outlet of the liquid storage unit 400 is connected with the carbon dioxide power generation unit 500.
Specifically, the carbon dioxide preheater 1 is internally provided with a first heat exchange channel 101, a second heat exchange channel 102, a third heat exchange channel 103 and a fourth heat exchange channel 104 which are mutually independent and can perform heat exchange, the outlet of the liquid storage unit 400 is communicated with the inlet of the third heat exchange channel 103, the outlet of the third heat exchange channel 103 is communicated with the combustion chamber 2, the combustion chamber 2 is also provided with an oxygen inlet and a fuel inlet, and the outlet of the combustion chamber 2 is connected with the carbon dioxide expander 3.
The temperature of the carbon dioxide after passing through the combustion chamber 2 may reach 1000 ℃.
For example, the fuel may be a fossil fuel which is combusted to produce carbon dioxide and water, for example, the fuel may be natural gas.
According to the carbon dioxide trapping and energy storing system disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, after the carbon dioxide is heated by the carbon dioxide preheater 1 and the combustion chamber 2, the temperature of the carbon dioxide can be increased, so that the power generation capacity of the carbon dioxide expander 3 is improved, the carbon dioxide generated by the combustion chamber can be used for generating electric energy by acting of the carbon dioxide expander, and the carbon dioxide exhausted by the carbon dioxide expander is re-stored in the air storage tank, so that the energy utilization rate is improved, the gas generated by the combustion chamber can be recovered, and particularly, the carbon dioxide generated by the combustion chamber can be trapped, and the power generation capacity of the energy storing system can be improved and the carbon dioxide trapping function with low energy consumption is realized.
In some embodiments, the carbon dioxide power generation unit 500 further includes a carbon dioxide regenerator 4 and a gas-water separator 5, the carbon dioxide regenerator 4 being disposed between the carbon dioxide preheater 1 and the carbon dioxide expander 3, the gas-water separator 5 being disposed between the carbon dioxide preheater 1 and the gas storage tank 100.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the carbon dioxide regenerator 4 is provided with a fifth heat exchange channel 41 and a sixth heat exchange channel 42 which are mutually independent and can exchange heat, an inlet of the sixth heat exchange channel 42 is communicated with an outlet of the third heat exchange channel 103, an outlet of the sixth heat exchange channel 42 is communicated with the combustion chamber 2, an inlet of the fifth heat exchange channel 41 is communicated with an outlet of the carbon dioxide expander 3, an outlet of the fifth heat exchange channel 41 is communicated with an inlet of the second heat exchange channel 102, an outlet of the second heat exchange channel 102 is communicated with an inlet of the gas-water separator 5, and an exhaust port of the gas-water separator 5 is communicated with the gas storage tank 100.
Through setting up gas-water separator 5, and in gas-water separator 5 carries out the gas-water separation with the gas of carbon dioxide expander 3 exhaust, collect the carbon dioxide in gas holder 100, realized the entrapment of carbon dioxide, thereby improve energy utilization, and carbon dioxide expander 3 exhaust gas passes through carbon dioxide regenerator 4 and carbon dioxide preheater 1 just gets into gas-water separator 5, can utilize the temperature of carbon dioxide expander 3 exhaust gas, the exhaust waste heat of carbon dioxide expander 3 obtains make full use of, has improved energy utilization.
In some embodiments, the carbon dioxide capture energy storage system further comprises an oxygen generation component 600, with the pure oxygen output of the oxygen generation component 600 being connected to the combustion chamber 2.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the oxygen generating component 600 may be an oxygen generator, and a pure oxygen outlet of the oxygen generating component 600 is communicated with an air inlet of the combustion chamber 2, so that the fuel is combusted in the combustion chamber 2 to generate high-temperature heat by continuously supplying pure oxygen into the combustion chamber 2, and carbon dioxide can be continuously heated to increase the temperature, thereby ensuring the power generation of the carbon dioxide expander 3.
In some embodiments, the liquid storage unit 400 includes a liquid storage tank 6 and a liquid heater 7, and an outlet of the liquid storage tank 6 is connected to the carbon dioxide preheater 1 and the liquid heater 7, respectively, and an outlet of the liquid heater 7 is connected to an inlet of the liquid storage tank 6.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the liquid heater 7 is provided with a seventh heat exchange channel, an eighth heat exchange channel 72 and a ninth heat exchange channel 73 which are mutually independent and can perform heat exchange, the outlet of the liquid storage tank 6 is divided into two parts, one part enters the inlet of the third heat exchange channel 103 in the carbon dioxide preheater 1, the other part enters the seventh heat exchange channel 71 in the liquid heater 7, and the outlet of the seventh heat exchange channel 71 is communicated with the inlet of the liquid storage tank 6.
Optionally, a liquid pump 24 is provided at the outlet of the liquid storage tank 6, and by providing the liquid pump 24, the liquid carbon dioxide pressure and the stability of the liquid carbon dioxide supply can be improved. The pressure of the carbon dioxide after passing through the liquid pump 24 may be 10MPa or more.
Through setting up liquid heater 7, and the exit of the seventh heat transfer passageway 71 in the liquid heater 7 communicates the export and the import of liquid storage pot 6 respectively and has kept the inside pressure of liquid storage pot 6, has guaranteed the stationarity of liquid carbon dioxide play liquid, and then improves the stability of carbon dioxide expander 3 electricity generation.
In some embodiments, the carbon dioxide compression unit 300 includes a carbon dioxide compressor 8, a carbon dioxide heat exchanger 9, a carbon dioxide condenser 10, and a non-condensable gas separator 11 connected in sequence, the outlet of the non-condensable gas separator 11 being connected to the inlet of the liquid storage tank 6.
The noncondensable gas separator 11 has an outlet for outputting noncondensable gas in an upper portion and an outlet for outputting surplus liquid carbon dioxide in a lower portion.
Optionally, the outlet of the non-condensable gas can be communicated with the air cavity in the air storage tank, the pressure in the air cavity is maintained by the non-condensable gas, the energy consumption of part of the air compression unit is saved, and the non-condensable gas can be used for providing raw materials for the air power generation unit, so that the energy utilization rate and the power generation efficiency are improved.
It should be noted that, the gaseous carbon dioxide discharged from the gas storage tank 100 forms liquid carbon dioxide after passing through the carbon dioxide compression unit 300, and the pressure of the carbon dioxide compression unit 300 may be more than 6 MPa.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, a tenth heat exchange channel 91 and an eleventh heat exchange channel 92 which are independent and can perform heat exchange are arranged in the carbon dioxide heat exchanger 9, an inlet of the carbon dioxide compressor 8 is communicated with the air storage tank 100, an outlet of carbon dioxide is communicated with an inlet of the tenth heat exchange channel 91, an outlet of the tenth heat exchange channel 91 is communicated with the carbon dioxide condenser 10, an outlet of the carbon dioxide condenser 10 is communicated with an inlet of the non-condensable gas separator 11, a liquid outlet of the non-condensable gas separator 11 is communicated with an inlet of the liquid storage tank 6, an air outlet of the non-condensable gas separator 11 is communicated with the outside, and meanwhile, redundant liquid carbon dioxide in the system is output through the non-condensable gas separator 11 and is directly captured. By arranging the carbon dioxide compression unit 300, carbon dioxide in the air storage tank 100 can be compressed into liquid and stored in the air storage tank 100, so that the energy storage capacity of the carbon dioxide is improved, and the occupied area of the carbon dioxide energy storage can be reduced compared with that of the carbon dioxide energy storage established in the air storage tank.
In some embodiments, the carbon dioxide capture and energy storage system further comprises a first heat storage unit 700, the first heat storage unit 700 comprising a first cold tank 12 and a first hot tank 13, an outlet of the first cold tank 12 being connected to the carbon dioxide heat exchanger 9, an inlet of the first cold tank 12 being connected to the carbon dioxide preheater 1, an inlet of the first hot tank 13 being connected to one end of the carbon dioxide heat exchanger 9, an outlet of the first hot tank 13 being connected to the other end of the carbon dioxide preheater 1.
The heat storage medium is stored in the first cold tank 12 and the first hot tank 13, and is used for storing the compression heat of the carbon dioxide compression process when the carbon dioxide compression unit 300 is in the energy storage operation condition.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the outlet of the first cooling tank 12 is communicated with the inlet of the eleventh heat exchange channel 92, the inlet of the first cooling tank 12 is communicated with the outlet of the first heat exchange channel 101, the inlet of the first heat tank 13 is communicated with the outlet of the eleventh heat exchange channel 92, the outlet of the first heat tank 13 is communicated with the inlet of the first heat exchange channel 101, and preheating generated in the compression process of carbon dioxide can be utilized in preheating in the carbon dioxide power generation unit 500 by arranging the first heat storage unit 700, so that the energy utilization rate is improved.
In some embodiments, the air compression unit 200 includes an air compressor 14 and an air heat exchanger 15 connected in sequence, with the outlet of the air heat exchanger 15 being in communication with the air reservoir 100.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the air heat exchanger 15 has a twelfth heat exchange channel 151 and a thirteenth heat exchange channel 152 therein, which are independent of each other and can exchange heat, the inlet of the air compressor 14 is connected to the atmosphere, the outlet of the air compressor 14 is connected to the inlet of the twelfth heat exchange channel 151, and the outlet of the twelfth heat exchange channel 151 is connected to the air tank 100.
By arranging the air compressor 14 and the air heat exchanger 15, air can be compressed and stored in the air storage tank 100, and the air heat exchanger 15 can utilize heat generated in the air compression process, so that the energy utilization rate is improved.
In some embodiments, the carbon dioxide capture and energy storage system further comprises an air power generation unit 800, the air power generation unit 800 comprises a first air expander 16, a second air expander 17 and an air preheater 18, an inlet of the air preheater 18 is connected with the air storage tank 100, an outlet of the air preheater 18 is respectively connected with the first air expander 16 and the second air expander 17, an outlet of the second air expander 17 is connected with one end of the carbon dioxide preheater 1, and the other end of the carbon dioxide preheater 1 is connected with an inlet of the oxygen generating component 600.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the air preheater 18 is provided with a fourteenth heat exchange channel 181 and a fifteenth heat exchange channel 182 which are independent from each other and can exchange heat, the inlet of the fifteenth heat exchange channel 182 is communicated with the outlet of the air storage, the outlet of the fifteenth heat exchange channel 182 is respectively communicated with the inlets of the first air expander 16 and the second air expander 17, the outlet of the second air expander 17 is communicated with the inlet of the fourth heat exchange channel 104, and the outlet of the fourth heat exchange channel 104 is communicated with the inlet of the oxygenerator.
By arranging the first air expander 16 and the second air expander 17, compressed air in the air storage tank 100 can be utilized to generate electricity, so that carbon dioxide electricity generation and air electricity generation can be simultaneously performed, the power generation of the energy storage system is improved, and the power peak regulation effect of the energy storage system is improved. The exhaust waste heat of the second air expander 17 can be used for preheating carbon dioxide, so that the energy utilization rate is improved, the pressure of the air passing through the carbon dioxide preheater 1 is about 0.6MPa, the temperature is normal, the air can be used as an air source of the oxygen generating component 600, an external air source is not needed, the equipment investment cost is reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced.
In some embodiments, the carbon dioxide capture and energy storage system further comprises a second heat storage unit 900, the second heat storage unit 900 comprising a second cold tank 19 and a second hot tank 20, the inlet of the second cold tank 19 being connected to the outlet of the liquid heater 7, the outlet of the second cold tank 19 being connected to one end of the air heat exchanger 15, the inlet of the second hot tank 20 being connected to the other end of the air heat exchanger 15, the outlet of the second hot tank 20 being connected to one end of the air preheater 18, the other end of the air preheater 18 being connected to the inlet of the liquid heater 7.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the outlet of the second cooling tank 19 communicates with the inlet of the thirteenth heat exchanging channel 152, the outlet of the thirteenth heat exchanging channel 152 communicates with the inlet of the second heat tank 20, the outlet of the second heat tank 20 communicates with the inlet of the fourteenth heat exchanging channel 181, the outlet of the fourteenth heat exchanging channel 181 communicates with the inlet of the eighth heat exchanging channel 72, and the outlet of the eighth heat exchanging channel 72 communicates with the inlet of the second cooling tank 19.
The heat generated in the air compression process is used for preheating air and heating liquid carbon dioxide, so that the energy utilization rate is improved.
In some embodiments, the air tank 100 has an air chamber 21 and a carbon dioxide chamber 22 therein, the air chamber 21 being in communication with the air compression unit 200, and the carbon dioxide chamber 22 being in communication with the carbon dioxide compression unit 300.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the air tank 100 has a diaphragm 23 therein, the diaphragm 23 dividing the inner space of the air tank 100 into an air chamber 21 and a carbon dioxide chamber 22, the air chamber 21 being respectively communicated with the outlet of the twelfth heat exchange passage 151 and the fifteenth heat exchange passage 182, and the carbon dioxide chamber 22 being respectively communicated with the inlet of the carbon dioxide compressor 8 and the outlet of the gas-water separator 5. The pressure and capacity of the air chamber 21 and the carbon dioxide chamber 22 can be adjusted by dividing the air tank 100 into the carbon dioxide chamber 22 and the air chamber 21 by the diaphragm 23.
The air storage tank 100 may be a fixed-volume ground or underground container capable of bearing pressure, and preferably has a pressure of 3MPa or less; the inside of the device is divided into at least one air cavity 21 and at least one carbon dioxide cavity 22 by a flexible diaphragm 23 which is not under tension, the pressure of the air cavity 21 and the pressure of the carbon dioxide cavity 22 are equal, the volume distribution of the air cavity 21 and the carbon dioxide cavity 22 can be regulated by the scaling of the flexible diaphragm 23, and the physical property state of carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide cavity 22 is in a gas state.
The carbon dioxide trapping energy storage control method of the embodiment of the invention, by utilizing the system in the embodiment, comprises the following steps: the carbon dioxide cavity in the gas storage tank discharges gaseous carbon dioxide outwards, the carbon dioxide compression unit compresses the gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide generated by pure oxygen combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber during energy release in the liquid carbon dioxide is separated and trapped, the rest liquid carbon dioxide is conveyed to the liquid storage unit, and the air compression unit compresses air in the atmosphere and conveys the air to the air cavity in the gas storage tank so as to keep the pressure of the air cavity and the pressure of the carbon dioxide cavity constant and balanced.
The liquid carbon dioxide in the liquid storage tank is discharged to the carbon dioxide power generation unit, the carbon dioxide power generation unit utilizes the liquid carbon dioxide to gasify the liquid carbon dioxide and directly burn and supplement heat in the carbon dioxide atmosphere in the combustion chamber, and the compressed air in the air cavity in the air storage tank is divided into two paths by the expansion power generation of the carbon dioxide expansion machine, one path of compressed air is discharged to the air power generation unit, the air power generation unit utilizes the complete expansion power generation of the compressed air to generate electric energy, and the other path of compressed air is discharged to the air power generation unit to form compressed air with lower pressure after being partially expanded and generated to enter the oxygen generation component to generate oxygen for the combustion chamber.
The operation of the carbon dioxide capture energy storage system of an embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 1.
Energy storage stage: the initial stage air chamber 21 is in a vented state and the carbon dioxide chamber 22 is filled with carbon dioxide gas having a prescribed pressure, for example, 2.5MPa, and the energy storage stage includes a carbon dioxide compression liquefaction process and an air compression energy storage process which are simultaneously performed.
The compression and liquefaction process of the carbon dioxide is as follows: the carbon dioxide gas is outputted from the carbon dioxide chamber 22 and compressed to a high pressure, for example, 7MPa, by the carbon dioxide compressor 8, during which the heat of compression of the gaseous carbon dioxide is recovered by the carbon dioxide heat exchanger 9, and the high-pressure carbon dioxide is discharged to the environment through the carbon dioxide condenser 10 and liquefied, and then is delivered to the non-condensable gas separator 11, the non-condensable gas is discharged into the air chamber 21, a part of the surplus carbon dioxide liquid is discharged from the outlet at the bottom of the non-condensable gas separator and is directly captured, and the rest of the carbon dioxide liquid is delivered to the liquid storage tank 6. The air compression energy storage process is as follows: the air compressor 14 compresses air from the atmosphere to the same pressure level as the carbon dioxide chamber 22 and inputs the air chamber 21, during which air compression heat is recovered using the air heat exchanger 15.
The energy storage phase is ended until the air chamber 21 is full and the carbon dioxide chamber 22 is empty.
The energy release stage comprises a liquid carbon dioxide gasification expansion energy release stage and a compressed air expansion energy release process which are carried out simultaneously; wherein the method comprises the steps of
The gasification expansion energy release process of the liquid carbon dioxide is as follows: the liquid carbon dioxide is pressurized by a liquid pump 24, for example, 12MPa, is output from a liquid storage tank 6, is heated by a carbon dioxide preheater 1, is introduced into a carbon dioxide heat regenerator 4 for heating, enters a combustion chamber 2 for heating to high temperature by burning pure oxygen fuel, the temperature is more than 1000 ℃, enters a carbon dioxide expander 3 for expansion power generation, the pressure of the carbon dioxide is reduced to the same pressure level as that of an air cavity 21, and the exhaust gas of the carbon dioxide expander 3 is used for heating the carbon dioxide through the carbon dioxide heat regenerator 4 and the carbon dioxide preheater 1, is separated from water through a gas-water separator 5, and is input into the carbon dioxide cavity 22.
The carbon dioxide preheating heat can be from the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the first heat storage unit 700 and the second air expansion machine 17, a small stream of liquid carbon dioxide output from the liquid pump flows into the liquid heater 7 to heat and gasify the liquid carbon dioxide, and returns to the liquid storage tank 6 to maintain the pressure of the liquid storage tank 6, and the heat required by the liquid heater 7 is provided by the waste heat of the second heat storage unit 900 and the environment.
The expansion and energy release process of the compressed air is as follows: the compressed air output by the air cavity 21 is heated by the air preheater 18, the heat of the air preheater 18 is from the second heat storage unit 900, and two streams are separated, one stream enters the second air expander 17 to expand and generate power, then the pressure of the raw material air is reduced to the pressure of raw material air required by the oxygen generating component 600, the waste heat is transmitted to the carbon dioxide preheater 1, and the other stream enters the first air expander 16 to expand and generate power, then the pressure is reduced to normal pressure, and the atmospheric pressure is released to the atmosphere.
The energy release phase ends until the air chamber 21 is empty and the carbon dioxide chamber 22 is full.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically connected, may be electrically connected or may be in communication with each other; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
For purposes of this disclosure, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "a particular example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A carbon dioxide capture energy storage system, comprising:
the air storage tank is used for storing air and carbon dioxide;
the air compression unit is connected with the air storage tank and is connected with the air storage tank to convey compressed air into the air storage tank;
the carbon dioxide compression unit is communicated with the gas storage tank and used for compressing gaseous carbon dioxide in the gas storage tank to form liquid carbon dioxide;
the liquid storage unit is connected with the carbon dioxide compression unit to store liquid carbon dioxide discharged by the carbon dioxide compression unit;
the carbon dioxide power generation unit comprises a carbon dioxide preheater, a combustion chamber and a carbon dioxide expander which are sequentially connected, one end of the carbon dioxide preheater is connected with the liquid storage unit, the other end of the carbon dioxide preheater is connected with the combustion chamber, an outlet of the combustion chamber is connected with an inlet of the carbon dioxide expander, an outlet of the carbon dioxide expander is connected with the air storage tank, the carbon dioxide power generation unit is used for gasifying and burning liquid carbon dioxide of the liquid storage unit to heat the liquid carbon dioxide to high temperature and then expanding the liquid carbon dioxide to generate power, and the carbon dioxide compression unit can also separate and capture carbon dioxide generated by the carbon dioxide power generation unit;
the pure oxygen output port of the oxygen generating component is connected with the combustion chamber;
the air storage tank is internally provided with an air cavity and a carbon dioxide cavity, the air cavity is communicated with the air compression unit, the carbon dioxide cavity is communicated with the carbon dioxide compression unit, and/or the carbon dioxide power generation unit further comprises a carbon dioxide heat regenerator and a gas-water separator, the carbon dioxide heat regenerator is arranged between the carbon dioxide preheater and the carbon dioxide expansion machine, and the gas-water separator is arranged between the carbon dioxide preheater and the air storage tank;
the liquid storage unit comprises a liquid storage tank and a liquid heater, an outlet of the liquid storage tank is respectively connected with the carbon dioxide preheater and the liquid heater, and an outlet of the liquid heater is connected with an inlet of the liquid storage tank;
the carbon dioxide compression unit comprises a carbon dioxide compressor, a carbon dioxide heat exchanger, a carbon dioxide condenser and a non-condensable gas separator which are sequentially connected, an outlet of the non-condensable gas separator is connected with an inlet of the liquid storage tank, non-condensable gas separated by the non-condensable gas separator is input into the air cavity, one part of separated liquid carbon dioxide is directly captured, and the other part of separated liquid carbon dioxide is conveyed to the liquid storage unit;
the air power generation unit comprises a first air expander, a second air expander and an air preheater, wherein an inlet of the air preheater is connected with the air storage tank, an outlet of the air preheater is respectively connected with the first air expander and the second air expander, an outlet of the second air expander is connected with one end of the carbon dioxide preheater, and the other end of the carbon dioxide preheater is connected with an inlet of the oxygen generating component.
2. The carbon dioxide capture and energy storage system of claim 1, further comprising a first heat storage unit comprising a first cold tank and a first hot tank, an outlet of the first cold tank being connected to the carbon dioxide heat exchanger, an inlet of the first cold tank being connected to the carbon dioxide preheater, an inlet of the first hot tank being connected to one end of the carbon dioxide heat exchanger, an outlet of the first hot tank being connected to the other end of the carbon dioxide preheater.
3. The carbon dioxide capture and energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the air compression unit comprises an air compressor and an air heat exchanger connected in sequence, an outlet of the air heat exchanger being in communication with the air reservoir.
4. The carbon dioxide capture and energy storage system of claim 3, further comprising a second heat storage unit comprising a second cold tank and a second hot tank, an inlet of the second cold tank being connected to an outlet of the liquid heater, an outlet of the second cold tank being connected to one end of the air heat exchanger, an inlet of the second hot tank being connected to the other end of the air heat exchanger, an outlet of the second hot tank being connected to one end of the air preheater, the other end of the air preheater being connected to an inlet of the liquid heater.
5. A carbon dioxide capture and storage control method, characterized by using the system according to any one of claims 1-3, the method comprising:
when the carbon dioxide trapping and energy storing system stores energy, a carbon dioxide cavity in the air storage tank discharges gaseous carbon dioxide outwards, the carbon dioxide compression unit compresses the gaseous carbon dioxide into liquid carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide generated by pure oxygen combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber during energy release in the liquid carbon dioxide is separated and trapped, the rest liquid carbon dioxide is conveyed to the liquid storage unit, and the air compression unit compresses air in the atmosphere and conveys the air to an air cavity in the air storage tank so as to keep the pressure of the air cavity and the pressure of the carbon dioxide cavity constant and balanced;
when the carbon dioxide trapping energy storage system releases energy, liquid carbon dioxide in the liquid storage tank is discharged to the carbon dioxide power generation unit, the carbon dioxide power generation unit utilizes the liquid carbon dioxide to gasify the liquid carbon dioxide and directly burn pure oxygen in the carbon dioxide atmosphere in the combustion chamber to supplement heat, and the compressed air in the air cavity in the air storage tank is divided into two paths through expansion power generation of the carbon dioxide expansion machine, one path of compressed air is discharged to the air power generation unit, the air power generation unit utilizes the compressed air to completely expand and generate power, and the other path of compressed air is discharged to the air power generation unit to form compressed air with lower pressure after being partially expanded and generated to enter the oxygen generation component to generate oxygen for the combustion chamber.
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