CN116780689A - Multi-branch high-capacity energy storage battery cluster equalization device and cooperative control method - Google Patents

Multi-branch high-capacity energy storage battery cluster equalization device and cooperative control method Download PDF

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CN116780689A
CN116780689A CN202310603410.4A CN202310603410A CN116780689A CN 116780689 A CN116780689 A CN 116780689A CN 202310603410 A CN202310603410 A CN 202310603410A CN 116780689 A CN116780689 A CN 116780689A
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branch
battery cluster
switch
battery
energy storage
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王长华
唐朝阳
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Guangdong Botong New Energy Technology Co ltd
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Guangdong Botong New Energy Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides a multi-branch high-capacity energy storage battery cluster balancing device which comprises a plurality of branches and a plurality of acquisition control systems connected with each branch in a one-to-one correspondence manner, wherein PCS (personal communication System), a high-voltage switch box, a plurality of electric cores and a plurality of switch groups are arranged on each branch, each switch group comprises a series switch and a bypass switch, the electric cores on the same branch are mutually connected in series to form a battery cluster, the PCS is connected into the battery cluster through the high-voltage switch box, the series switch is connected in series with the battery cluster, the electric cores are electrically connected with another electric core through the corresponding series switch, and the bypass switches are connected in parallel with the series switches of the same group and the electric cores corresponding to the series switch. The invention also provides a multi-branch high-capacity energy storage battery cluster cooperative control method; the invention adopts a bypass cell mode, reduces the energy loss of the cell, fully utilizes the electric energy of each single cell, can reduce the overdriving of an energy storage system, reduces the number of the cells and reduces the cost. In addition, a multi-branch battery cluster cooperative control method is adopted to achieve the aim of uniform output of each branch battery cluster.

Description

Multi-branch high-capacity energy storage battery cluster equalization device and cooperative control method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a battery cluster balancing device, in particular to a multi-branch high-capacity energy storage battery cluster balancing device and a cooperative control method.
Background
The single battery is limited by voltage and capacity, and in practical application, a plurality of single batteries are often connected in series or in parallel to form a battery pack. The capacity between each single battery in series connection in the battery pack is inconsistent, so that the phenomenon of overcharging or overdischarging of the individual single battery in the charging and discharging process is caused, and the whole battery pack enters the elimination period too early, and therefore, the active equalization and passive equalization technologies are realized.
Because passive equalization consumes high-energy monomer energy in the battery pack through the resistor, when the single capacity of the battery core is larger and larger, more energy is required to be consumed by the resistor, so that the efficiency of the energy storage system is reduced, and the cost and difficulty of energy storage heat management are increased. The active equalization uses switches, capacitors, inductors, transformers, etc. to provide paths for energy transfer, so that energy is transferred between the battery cells. As the cell unit capacity increases, the active equalization of switches, capacitors, inductors, etc. may require iterative upgrades, redesigns, testing. Leading to new unpredictability problems. And as the capacity of the battery cell monomer is increased, the active equalization time under the same condition is increased, the energy loss is more, and the concentrated heating is more serious. Thus, the more "force-free" the traditional active equalization device is, the more the situation of upgrading iterations or redesign is faced.
In addition, in the light storage and charge integrated energy system, in order to meet the diversity requirements of different working conditions on the output power and the working time of the battery system, a power type battery (such as lithium titanate) and an energy type battery (such as lithium iron phosphate and lead carbon battery) are required to be mixed and integrated with other energy storage carriers (such as super capacitors), so that a balancing strategy of a battery pack or a capacitor may need to be considered respectively.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide a multi-branch high-capacity energy storage battery cluster balancing device and a cooperative control method for overcoming the defects in the prior art.
The invention provides a multi-branch high-capacity energy storage battery cluster balancing device which comprises a plurality of branches and a plurality of acquisition control systems connected with each branch in a one-to-one correspondence manner, wherein each branch is provided with a PCS (personal communication System), a high-voltage switch box, a plurality of electric cores and a plurality of switch groups, each electric core is a high-capacity electric core, each electric core corresponds to one switch group, each switch group comprises a series switch and a bypass switch, the electric cores on the same branch are mutually connected in series to form a battery cluster, the PCS is connected into the battery cluster through the high-voltage switch box, the series switch is connected in series with the battery cluster, the electric cores are electrically connected with the other electric core through the corresponding series switch, and the bypass switch is connected in parallel with the series switch of the same group and the electric core corresponding to the series switch.
The invention also provides a multi-branch high-capacity energy storage battery cluster cooperative control method, which comprises single-branch battery cluster cooperative control, wherein the single-branch battery cluster cooperative control comprises the following steps:
disconnecting the serial switch corresponding to the battery cell monomer, so that all battery cells on the branch are in a static state;
the acquisition control system detects the OCV value of each single cell on the branch and estimates and calculates the SOC value of each cell according to the OCV value of each cell on the branch;
calculating standard deviation sigma of SOC values between different cells on a branch SOC Then the standard deviation sigma SOC Is smaller than the set value soc-th And comparing to judge whether the battery clusters need to be balanced.
The multi-branch high-capacity energy storage battery cluster balancing device and the cooperative control method adopt a bypass cell mode, so that the energy loss of the cells is reduced, the electric energy of each single cell is fully utilized, the overdriving of an energy storage system can be reduced, the number of the cells is reduced, and the cost is reduced. And the electric core is connected with the electronic switch in parallel, so that the capacity of the electric core can be fully utilized and the single electric core can be timely protected by a simple bypass method of the single electric core. Compared with the traditional passive equalization device, the energy loss of the battery cell is greatly reduced. The complexity of a circuit and a control algorithm is reduced, and the energy loss of the battery cell is also reduced. In addition, a multi-branch battery cluster cooperative control method is adopted to achieve the aim of uniform output of each branch battery cluster.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the modules of the multi-branch high-capacity energy storage battery cluster equalization device of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of the multi-branch large-capacity energy storage battery cluster cooperative control method of the present invention when single-branch battery cluster cooperative control is performed.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The present invention may be embodied in many other forms than described herein and similarly modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, whereby the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed" or "disposed" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be the only embodiment.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, the present invention provides a multi-branch high-capacity energy storage battery cluster equalization apparatus, which includes a plurality of branches 100, and a plurality of acquisition control systems connected to each branch 100 in a one-to-one correspondence manner, wherein the branch acquisition control systems acquire information of the branches and control working states of the branches 100.
Specifically, the branch 100 is provided with a PCS (energy storage converter) 10, a high-voltage switch box 20, a plurality of electric cores 40 and a plurality of switch groups 30, the electric cores 40 are large-capacity electric cores 40, each electric core 40 corresponds to one switch group 30, the switch groups 30 comprise series switches and bypass switches, the electric cores 40 on the same branch 100 form a battery cluster which is mutually connected in series, the PCS 10 is connected into the battery cluster through the high-voltage switch box 20, the series switches are connected in series on the battery cluster, the electric cores 40 are electrically connected with the other electric core 40 through the corresponding series switches, and the bypass switches are connected in parallel on the same group of series switches and the electric cores 40 corresponding to the series switches. In this embodiment, the bypass switch and the series switch are both electronic switches, the bypass switch is connected with the series switch and the collection control system, the collection control system controls the on-off of the bypass switch and the series switch, and the collection control system is connected with each electric core 40 on the same branch, and the collection control system collects the energy parameters of the electric core 40 during working.
When in operation, the collection control system controls the on-off state of the switch group 30 to change the energy flow path, thereby bypassing the battery cell 40 with higher energy when the battery cluster is charged and bypassing the battery cell with lower energy when the battery cluster is discharged.
The invention also provides a multi-branch high-capacity energy storage battery cluster cooperative control method, which comprises single-branch battery cluster cooperative control and multi-branch battery cluster cooperative control, as shown in fig. 2, wherein the single-branch battery cluster cooperative control comprises the following steps:
before charging and discharging, the serial switch corresponding to the single cell 40 is firstly disconnected, so that all the cells 40 on the branch 100 are in a static state, and the accuracy of the tested OCV (Open circuitvoltage ) is ensured.
The acquisition control system detects the OCV value of each individual cell 40 on the branch 100 and calculates the SOC (State of charge) value of each cell 40 based on the OCV value estimation of each cell 40 on the branch 100, calculates the standard deviation sigma of the SOC values between different cells 40 on the branch 100 SOC Then the standard deviation sigma SOC Is smaller than the set value soc-th And comparing to judge whether the battery clusters need to be balanced. Standard deviation sigma of battery cluster SOC SOC Less than the set threshold value delta soc-th Indicating that the cells 40 within the battery cluster do not need to beEqualization, all cells 40 within the battery cluster operate in series. If the standard deviation sigma of the battery cluster SOC Greater than a set threshold value soc-th The bypass equalization is needed for the cell 40 unit whose SOC value in the corresponding battery cluster is greatly different from that of other cells 40.
Specifically, taking a battery cluster on a branch 100 as an example, during the charging process, assuming that the energy of the second battery 40 is highest, the serial switch 1S21 is opened, and the bypass switch 1S22 is closed, so as to protect the charging safety of the second battery. During the discharging, assuming that the energy of the second power cell 40 is the lowest, the control method is as described above, the series switch 1S21 is opened, and the bypass switch 1S22 is closed. Therefore, the direct energy flow of the battery cell 40 to the load is ensured, the energy transfer between different batteries is not needed, and the energy utilization rate of the battery cell 40 is improved. Meanwhile, the second battery cell 40 can be separated from the battery cluster, so that conditions are provided for online testing of the single open circuit voltage of the battery cell 40.
For the multi-branch battery cluster coordination control method, it is difficult for the battery clusters of each branch 100 to ensure the same output power due to the difference of the health states of the battery clusters in each branch 100 in the energy storage system. And the total battery power is equal to the sum of the power of the branches. Therefore, when executing control, the SOHk value of the branch 100 is estimated according to the OCV value of each cell 40 on the branch 100, and then the state of health SOH of the battery cluster of each branch 100 is estimated k Sequencing, and calculating the number k (0) of the working branches 100 required to be selected under the current power requirement<k.ltoreq.m), if SOH of each branch 100 k If the difference between the value and the set value does not exceed the set range, all branches 100 participate simultaneously, and if the SOH of some branches 100 k The difference between the value and the set value exceeds the set range, and SOH is preferentially selected k The higher value branch 100 takes the battery cluster of the selected working branch 100 as a reference, and the remaining capacity in the battery cluster of the selected working branch 100 is Qk. The battery clusters of the other branches 100 need to adjust the charge and discharge current Ik according to the residual capacity Qa thereof in a single charge/discharge task, so that the working time periods are the same, and finally, the cooperative control target of uniform output of the battery clusters of each working branch 100 in the system is realized.
The multi-branch high-capacity energy storage battery cluster balancing device and the cooperative control method have the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts the bypass cell 40 mode, reduces the energy loss of the cell 40, fully utilizes the electric energy of each single cell 40, can reduce the overdriving of an energy storage system, reduces the number of the cells 40 and reduces the cost.
2. The electric core 40 is connected with an electronic switch in parallel, and the single electric core 40 can be protected in time by simply bypassing the single electric core 40, so that the capacity of the electric core 40 can be fully utilized. The energy loss of the cell 40 is greatly reduced compared to conventional passive equalization devices. The complexity of the circuit and control algorithm is reduced and the power loss of the cell 40 is reduced compared with the traditional active equalization device.
3. All the electric cores 40 are connected in series, so that the batteries in the system are guaranteed to have no circulation, and the efficiency of the energy storage system is improved in the whole technical scheme.
4. An electronic switch is connected in series with the battery cell 40, so that the electrical connection relation between the battery cell 40 and the battery cluster can be flexibly controlled. The series switch of the single cell 40 is turned off, so that the OCV of the single cell 40 can be directly measured on line.
5. Based on the directly measured OCV value of the cell 40, a more accurate SOC value of the cell 40 is estimated. Compared with the traditional algorithm, the method needs to firstly measure the voltage and the current of the end of the battery cell 40 on line, then estimate the internal resistance of the battery cell 40, and further estimate the SOC of the battery cell 40, so that the estimation accumulated error is reduced.
6. The goal of uniform output of each branched battery cluster is realized by adopting a multi-branched battery cluster cooperative control method.
7. The large-capacity single battery cells 40 are selected, so that larger energy storage can be realized by using fewer battery cells 40, BMS difficulty is reduced, system integration and assembly processes are simplified, use of assembly parts is reduced, and cost is reduced.
8. The invention can be compatible with the access of batteries of different types and energy units, and solves the problem that the high-capacity lead-carbon batteries cannot be connected in parallel. The reliability, maintainability and compatibility of the electrochemical energy storage system are enhanced.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a multi-branch high-capacity energy storage battery cluster equalizing device which characterized in that, includes a plurality of branches, a plurality of collection control system that are connected with each branch one-to-one, is equipped with PCS, high-voltage switch box, a plurality of electric core and a plurality of switch group on each branch, the electric core is high-capacity electric core, and each electric core corresponds with a switch group, the switch group includes series switch and bypass switch, and battery cluster is constituteed in series connection each other to electric core on same branch, PCS inserts the battery cluster through the high-voltage switch box, and series switch establishes ties on the battery cluster, and the electric core is connected with another electric core electricity through the series switch rather than corresponding, the bypass switch is parallelly connected on the series switch of same group and the electric core rather than corresponding.
2. The multi-branch high-capacity energy storage battery cluster equalization apparatus of claim 1, wherein the bypass switch is connected with a series switch and an acquisition control system, the acquisition control system controlling the on-off of the bypass switch and the series switch.
3. The multi-branch high-capacity energy storage battery cluster equalization apparatus of claim 1, wherein the acquisition control system is connected to each cell on a same branch, and the acquisition control system acquires energy parameters of the cells during operation.
4. The multi-branch high-capacity energy storage battery cluster equalization apparatus of claim 1, wherein said bypass switch and series switch are both electronic switches.
5. A multi-branch high-capacity energy storage battery cluster cooperative control method for controlling the multi-branch high-capacity energy storage battery cluster equalization device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising single-branch battery cluster cooperative control, the single-branch battery cluster cooperative control comprising the steps of:
disconnecting the serial switch corresponding to the battery cell monomer, so that all battery cells on the branch are in a static state;
the acquisition control system detects the OCV value of each single cell on the branch and estimates and calculates the SOC value of each cell according to the OCV value of each cell on the branch;
calculating standard deviation sigma of SOC values between different cells on a branch SOC Then the standard deviation sigma SOC Is smaller than the set value soc-th And comparing to judge whether the battery clusters need to be balanced.
6. The method for collaborative control of a multi-branch high capacity storage battery cluster according to claim 5, wherein if standard deviation σ of SOC of the battery cluster is determined if balancing is needed for the battery cluster SOC Less than the set threshold value delta soc-th Indicating that the cells in the battery cluster do not need to be balanced, and operating all the cells in the battery cluster in series; if the standard deviation sigma of the battery cluster SOC Greater than a set threshold value soc-th And the bypass equalization is needed to be carried out on the battery cell monomers with larger difference between the SOC value in the corresponding battery cluster and other battery cells.
7. The multi-branch high-capacity energy storage battery cluster cooperative control method according to claim 5, further comprising multi-branch battery cluster cooperative control, the multi-branch battery cluster cooperative control comprising the steps of:
firstly, estimating SOH of each cell on the branch according to the OCV value of the cell k A value;
and SOH of the battery cluster of each branch k Sequencing is carried out, and the number k of the working branches required by selection under the current power requirement is calculated;
taking one of the selected working branches as a reference, wherein the residual capacity in the battery cluster of the selected working branch is Qk; the charge and discharge current Ik is regulated according to the residual capacity Qa of the battery clusters in the other branches in a single charge/discharge task, so that the working time periods are the same.
8. The method for collaborative control of multi-branch high capacity energy storage battery clusters according to claim 5, wherein when selecting the number k of battery clusters of a desired working branch, if SOH of each branch k If the difference between the value and the set value does not exceed the set range, all branches participate simultaneously, and if the SOH of part of branches is not higher than the set range, the SOH of the branches is not higher than the set range k The difference between the value and the set value exceeds the set range, and SOH is preferentially selected k Branches with higher values.
CN202310603410.4A 2023-05-25 2023-05-25 Multi-branch high-capacity energy storage battery cluster equalization device and cooperative control method Pending CN116780689A (en)

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