CN116779519A - 静电卡盘组件及其使用方法 - Google Patents

静电卡盘组件及其使用方法 Download PDF

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CN116779519A
CN116779519A CN202310194200.4A CN202310194200A CN116779519A CN 116779519 A CN116779519 A CN 116779519A CN 202310194200 A CN202310194200 A CN 202310194200A CN 116779519 A CN116779519 A CN 116779519A
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electrostatic chuck
electrostatic
chuck assembly
electrode
detection circuit
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S·戈洛夫科夫
田中宏治
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ASM IP Holding BV
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Abstract

公开了静电卡盘组件、包括该组件的系统以及使用该静电卡盘组件和系统的方法。示例性静电卡盘组件包括检测夹持事件比如夹持力不足和/或衬底翘曲的检测器或电路。示例性系统和方法可以基于测量或确定的夹持事件来调节夹持力。

Description

静电卡盘组件及其使用方法
技术领域
本公开总体涉及衬底处理设备和组件。更具体地,本公开涉及适于在气相过程期间支撑衬底的静电卡盘组件以及使用该组件的方法。
背景技术
静电卡盘可用于各种应用。例如,静电卡盘可用于在沉积和/或蚀刻过程中保持衬底,例如晶片。
典型的静电卡盘可以包括陶瓷主体、嵌入主体中的一个或多个电极(例如静电和RF电极)以及嵌入主体内的一个或多个加热元件。静电电极可用于提供静电力,以在衬底处理期间将衬底保持在适当位置。
静电卡盘有时可能无法正常工作。例如,静电卡盘可能不提供合适的夹持力来在处理过程中保持衬底,或者静电卡盘可能提供太大的夹持力,这会导致对衬底的损坏。
存在一些用于确定夹持力的系统。然而,这种系统通常可能不适于循环等离子体增强过程和/或与单极静电卡盘一起使用。因此,需要改进的静电卡盘组件。
另外或可替代地,可能希望检测衬底翘曲。因此,还需要能够另外或可替代地检测衬底翘曲的静电卡盘组件。
本部分中阐述的任何讨论,包括对问题和解决方案的讨论,已经包括在本公开中,仅仅是为了提供本公开的背景。这种讨论不应被视为承认任何或所有信息在本发明被做出时是已知的,或者以其他方式构成现有技术。
发明内容
本公开的各种实施例涉及静电卡盘组件和使用静电卡盘组件的方法。虽然本公开的各种实施例解决现有卡盘组件和方法的缺点的方式将在下面更详细地讨论,但总的来说,示例性卡盘包括诸如电流检测器的部件,以确定合适的或期望的夹持事件是否已经发生和/或不期望的夹持事件和/或衬底翘曲是否已被检测到。
根据本公开的示例性实施例,一种静电卡盘组件包括:静电卡盘,其包括主体和至少部分嵌入主体内的静电电极;电耦合到静电电极的静电卡盘电源以及电耦合在静电卡盘电源和滤波器之间的电流检测器。静电卡盘组件还可以包括置于静电卡盘和静电卡盘电源之间并电耦合到静电卡盘和静电卡盘电源的滤波器。根据这些实施例的示例,电流检测器检测泄漏电流。泄漏电流可以指示好的或坏的夹持事件。静电卡盘组件还可以包括至少部分嵌入主体中的加热器。根据这些实施例的进一步示例,静电卡盘组件可用于在处理步骤开始时和/或处理步骤期间表征夹持力。
根据本公开的附加实施例,一种静电卡盘组件包括:静电卡盘,其包括主体和至少部分嵌入主体内的静电电极;电耦合到静电电极的静电卡盘电源以及位于静电电极和静电卡盘电源之间的检测电路。检测电路可以包括高频功率源、电流测量装置和电压测量装置。这种静电卡盘组件可以用于在没有形成等离子体的情况下检测夹持状态,和/或适于与单极静电卡盘一起使用。高频功率源可以提供频率小于8MHz或在约1kHz和约2MHz之间的功率。静电卡盘组件可以包括位于高频功率源和检测电路之间的RF滤波器。高频功率源可以是变频功率源。在一些情况下,可以操纵变频功率源的频率来调谐检测电路的灵敏度。
根据本公开的进一步示例性实施例,提供了一种等离子体增强沉积系统,其包括如本文所述的静电卡盘组件。示例性等离子体增强沉积系统可以包括控制器,其配置为接收来自检测电路的输入,并基于来自检测电路或类似装置的输入来控制到静电电极的电压。
根据本公开的又一实施例,提供了一种确定(例如已处理的)衬底的翘曲的方法。示例性方法包括在包括静电电极的静电卡盘上提供衬底,向静电电极施加静电电压,停止向静电电极施加静电电压,测量静电电极的RC时间常数,并将RC时间常数与参考值进行比较。
通过参考附图对某些实施例的以下详细描述,这些及其他实施例对于本领域技术人员来说将变得显而易见;本发明不限于所公开的任何特定实施例。
附图说明
当结合以下说明性附图考虑时,通过参考详细描述和权利要求,可以获得对本公开的示例性实施例的更完整理解。
图1示出了根据本公开示例的包括静电卡盘组件的系统。
图2更详细地示出了根据本公开的至少一个实施例的图1的静电卡盘组件的一部分。
图3示出了根据本公开的至少一个实施例的与静电夹持力相关的电流测量。
图4示出了根据本公开示例的包括静电卡盘组件的另一系统。
图5更详细地示出了根据本公开的至少一个实施例的图4的静电卡盘组件的一部分。
图6示出了根据本公开示例的包括静电卡盘组件的另一系统。
图7示出了根据本公开的至少一个实施例的适用于确定夹持事件的RC时间常数测量。
图8示出了翘曲衬底。
图9示出了未翘曲衬底。
图10示出了衬底和基座之间的间隙,该间隙可以根据本公开的示例来表征。
应当理解,附图中的元件是为了简单和清楚而示出的,并不一定是按比例绘制的。例如,图中的一些元件的尺寸可能相对于其他元件被夸大,以有助于提高对本公开的所示实施例的理解。
具体实施方式
尽管下面公开了某些实施例和示例,但本领域技术人员将理解,本发明延伸到具体公开的实施例和/或本发明的用途及其明显的修改和等同物之外。因此,意图是所公开的本发明的范围不应被下面描述的具体公开的实施例所限制。
本发明总体涉及静电卡盘组件以及使用该组件的方法。本文所述的卡盘组件和方法可用于各种应用,例如沉积和/或蚀刻过程,其可用于电子器件的制造。举例来说,卡盘组件和方法可用于循环沉积和/或蚀刻过程,例如等离子体增强原子层沉积和/或原子层蚀刻。
如本文所用,术语“衬底”可以指可用于形成或可在其上形成器件、电路或膜的任何一种或多种底层材料。衬底可以包括主体材料,比如硅(例如单晶硅)、其他IV族材料,例如锗,或者化合物半导体材料,例如III-V族或II-VI族半导体,并且可以包括覆盖或位于主体材料下面的一层或多层。此外,衬底可以包括各种拓扑结构,例如形成在衬底层的至少一部分内或上的凹槽、线条等。根据本公开的示例,衬底包括半导体晶片。
此外,在本公开中,变量的任何两个数字可以构成变量的可工作范围,因为可工作范围可以基于日常工作来确定,并且任何指示的范围可以包括或不包括端点。此外,所指出的变量的任何值(不管它们是否用“约”表示)可以指精确值或近似值,并且包括等同物,并且在一些实施例中可以指平均值、中间值、代表性值、多数值等。此外,在本公开中,术语“包括”、“由...构成”和“具有”在一些实施例中可以独立地指“通常或广义地包括”、“包含”、“基本由...组成”或“由...组成”。在本公开中,任何定义的含义在一些实施例中不一定排除普通和习惯的含义。
现在转到附图,图1示出了示例性系统100,其包括根据本公开示例的静电卡盘组件102。系统100可以形成反应器系统的一部分,该反应器系统可以用于各种应用,例如等离子体增强原子层沉积(PEALD)和/或等离子体增强原子层蚀刻(PEALE)。
在图示的示例中,系统100包括卡盘组件102、上电极104、等离子体功率单元106和等离子体功率匹配单元108。系统100和/或组件102还可以包括控制器134。
静电卡盘组件102包括静电卡盘110、静电卡盘电源112、滤波器114和电流检测器116。系统100还可以包括加热器130。
在图示的示例中,静电卡盘110包括主体126和至少一个静电电极128,静电电极128至少部分地并且在一些情况下完全嵌入主体126内。静电卡盘110还包括至少部分嵌入主体126中的加热器130。
在图示的示例中,静电卡盘电源112电耦合到静电电极128和地132。静电卡盘电源112可以包括任何合适的电源,例如1000V电源。
滤波器114可以是或包括任何合适的滤波器,例如RC低通滤波器。滤波器114置于静电卡盘110和静电卡盘电源112之间,并且电耦合到静电电极128和静电卡盘电源112。
等离子体电源106和匹配单元108可以包括在等离子体沉积系统中使用的任何合适的电源和匹配单元。
电流检测器116电耦合在静电卡盘电源112和滤波器114或静电电极128之间。电流检测器116可以是或包括任何合适的电流检测器,例如图2所示的检测器200。根据本公开的示例,电流检测器116检测或测量泄漏电流—例如,在处理(例如沉积或蚀刻)步骤期间。
参考图2,电流检测器200/116包括电流传感器202、电流保护装置204、部件206、缓冲器208、模拟输出210、缓冲器212、模数转换器214、数字隔离器216、可选的显示器218、微控制器单元(MCU)220、PC接口222和功率管理系统224。
电流传感器202可以包括图示的电路,该电路包括电压源226、放大器230、晶体管232、电阻器234-242、电容器244和齐纳二极管246。图2中示出了传感器202的各种部件的示例值。这些值仅仅是示例性,并不一定是限制性的。
电流保护装置204可以包括例如保险丝和TVS二极管。
部件206可以包括缓冲器、低通滤波器和放大器。包括缓冲器208和218的缓冲器可以包括例如具有高阻抗输入和低阻抗输出的运算放大器。低通滤波器可以包括例如Sallen-Key低通滤波器。
模拟输出210可以耦合到外部数据采集系统。
模数转换器214可以包括任何合适的转换器,比如Analog Devices AD7134。数字隔离器可以包括任何合适的隔离器,比如Analog Devices ADUM4151。
显示器218和MCU220可以形成计算机或控制器(例如控制器134)的一部分。PC接口222可用于将计算机与电流检测器200连接。功率管理224可用于向电流传感器202和/或电流检测器200的其他部件提供功率和/或电压。
控制器134可以耦合到电流检测器116和静电卡盘电源112。如图3所示,控制器134可以配置成在处理循环之前或处理循环期间(例如在开始时)实现静电电极128和电流检测器116之间的泄漏电流的检测。
图3示出了在处理衬底时使用电流检测器116检测的电流。在图示的示例中,在衬底装载阶段302、预夹持阶段304、温度稳定阶段306和/或处理阶段308期间,使用电流检测器116测量电流。虚线310表示不良(例如非)夹持事件的电流测量,实线312表示满意夹持事件的电流测量。特别地,在处理阶段308期间,当前测量可以与已知良好夹持事件的当前测量进行比较,和/或可以显示给用户,以确定夹持事件是否令人满意。测量的电流可以包括含有来自静电电极128的泄漏电流的电流。根据本公开的示例,使用电流检测器116测量的电流通常小于0.2mA或在约0.001和约0.12mA之间。
图4示出了根据本公开示例的另一系统400。类似于系统100,系统400包括卡盘组件402、上电极404、等离子体功率单元406和等离子体功率匹配单元408。系统400和/或组件402还可以包括控制器450。系统400对于检测单极静电卡盘组件的夹持事件或状态特别有用。
静电卡盘组件402包括静电卡盘410、静电卡盘电源412、滤波器414和检测电路416。
在图示的示例中,静电卡盘410包括主体426和至少一个静电电极428,静电电极428至少部分并且在一些情况下完全嵌入主体426内。
静电卡盘电源412电耦合到静电电极428和地432。静电卡盘电源112可以包括任何合适的电源,例如上述电源。
滤波器414可以是或包括任何合适的滤波器,例如RC低通滤波器。滤波器414置于静电卡盘110和静电卡盘电源412之间,并且电耦合到静电卡盘(例如电极428)和静电卡盘电源412和/或在检测电路416和静电卡盘电源412之间。
检测电路416电耦合在静电卡盘电源412和静电电极428之间。检测电路416可以是或包括任何合适的电压检测器,例如图5所示的检测器500。根据本公开的示例,检测电路416向耦合到静电电极428的线路434施加高频功率(例如1w),并测量线路434上或线路434和地432之间的电流、电压和阻抗。
系统400包括静电电极428和地432之间的隔直电容器440。隔直电容器440的目的是防止DC接地故障并将RF电极接地。应根据频率选择电容,以实现对RF的低阻抗。对于13.56MHz通常需要12nF或更大的电容,以保持阻抗低于1Ω。
尽管晶片翘曲改变了电容,但与隔直电容器440的电容相比,电容的变化相对较小。为了提高检测电路416的灵敏度,电路416配置为消除负载侧元件的影响。在图示的示例中,检测电路416/500包括高频功率源436。高频功率源436可以小于8MHz或在约1kHz和约2MHz之间的频率供电。高频功率源436可以是变频功率源。可以通过操纵来自高频功率源436的功率频率来操纵电路416的灵敏度,例如使用控制器450。
检测电路416/500还包括放大器438和阻抗442、444(Z1)和446(Z2)。阻抗442耦合在高频功率源436和静电电极428之间,阻抗444和446耦合在高频功率源436和地432之间。通过使Z2等于包括隔直电容器440的负载,可以消除负载侧元件的影响。通过调节Z1与Z2的比值,可以调节到放大器的输入电压。
控制器450可以耦合到检测电路416和静电卡盘电源412。控制器450可以配置成通过比较测量的高频电流、高频电压和阻抗中的一个或多个来实现夹持事件(例如不充分夹持)的检测。当确定夹持力不足时,系统400和控制器450可以自动增加施加的电压并稳定夹持力。例如,控制器450可以配置为从检测电路416(例如从其输出)接收输入,并基于从检测电路416接收的输入发送控制信号以控制到静电卡盘电源412的电压。静电卡盘电源412可以基于接收的控制信号增加或减少到静电电极428的功率。
图6示出了根据本公开附加示例的另一系统600。类似于系统100和400,系统600包括卡盘组件602、上电极604,并且可以包括等离子体功率单元和等离子体功率匹配单元,如上所述。系统600和/或组件602还可以包括控制器650。系统600对于检测或表征衬底601和静电卡盘610的表面611之间的间隙特别有用。通过表征衬底和静电卡盘之间的间隙,可以表征衬底601的翘曲。
静电卡盘组件602包括静电卡盘610、静电卡盘电源612、滤波器614、阻抗615和检测电路616。尽管没有单独示出,静电卡盘组件602也可以包括加热器电源。
在图示的示例中,静电卡盘610包括主体626和至少一个静电电极628,静电电极628至少部分并且在一些情况下完全嵌入主体626内。静电卡盘610还可以包括加热器630,例如至少部分嵌入主体626中的加热器130(如上所述)。在至少一些情况下,系统600和卡盘组件602不包括向卡盘110提供低频的LRF模块。
静电卡盘电源612和滤波器614可以如上文结合图1所述。阻抗615可以包括合适的阻抗。
检测电路616可以是或包括高速(例如超过10kHz)电压测量设备。检测电路616的输出可以耦合到计算机618和/或控制器650。
控制器650可以配置成在一段时间(例如大于0.1秒)内将电压施加到ESC电极628,停止施加来自静电卡盘电源的电压,测量静电卡盘放电的RC时间常数,以及将测量的RC时间常数与参考数据进行比较,并基于该比较停止或继续处理。
根据进一步示例,提供了一种方法。示例性方法包括在包含静电电极的静电卡盘上提供衬底,向静电电极施加静电电压(例如开始夹持),停止向静电电极施加静电电压(例如松开),测量静电电极的RC时间常数(例如使用高压高速电压表),并将RC时间常数与参考值进行比较。示例性方法和/或控制器功能可以进一步包括当测量的RC时间常数低于阈值时确定衬底翘曲。示例性方法可以进一步包括提供信号以指示已经检测到翘曲的衬底—例如,提供给计算机618或另一有线或无线连接的设备。示例性方法可以另外或可替代地包括以下步骤:在向静电电极施加静电电压的步骤之后和停止向静电电极施加静电电压的步骤之前处理衬底。
图8-10示出了使用这里描述的RC时间常数确定和比较技术的间隙测量。
RC=R_die×C_gap=(ddielectric)×ε_0×k_g×(d(ddielectric))/gap
其中,ρ(dielectric)是电介质体积电阻率;
ε_0是自由空间电容率;
k_g是真空间隙介电常数;
d(dielectric)是电介质层厚度;以及
gap是电介质(ESC 804、904)的表面802、902和衬底表面806、906之间的距离。
通常,翘曲衬底的测量的RC时间常数将小于未翘曲衬底的RC时间常数。因此,翘曲可以通过将测量的RC时间常数与已知未翘曲衬底的RC时间常数或已知的良好值进行比较来确定。
图7示出了未翘曲衬底702和翘曲衬底704的RC时间常数测量。根据本公开的示例,当测量的RC时间常数和已知良好的RC时间常数之间的RC时间常数差大于阈值时,控制器650可以增加夹持衬底601的夹持力。
上述公开的示例实施例不限制本发明的范围,因为这些实施例仅仅是本发明实施例的示例。任何等同的实施例都在本发明的范围内。实际上,除了在此示出和描述的那些之外,本公开的各种修改,例如所描述的元件(例如步骤)的可替代的有用组合,对于本领域技术人员来说从描述中会变得显而易见。这种修改和实施例也旨在落入所附权利要求的范围内。

Claims (22)

1.一种静电卡盘组件,包括:
静电卡盘,其包括主体和至少部分嵌入主体内的静电电极;
静电卡盘电源,其电耦合到静电电极;
滤波器,其置于静电卡盘和静电卡盘电源之间,并电耦合到静电卡盘和静电卡盘电源;以及
电流检测器,其电耦合在静电卡盘电源和滤波器之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的静电卡盘组件,其中,所述电流检测器检测泄漏电流。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的静电卡盘组件,还包括至少部分嵌入所述主体中的加热器。
4.根据权利要求3所述的静电卡盘组件,还包括电流保护装置。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的静电卡盘组件,还包括数字隔离器。
6.根据权利要求4和5中任一项所述的静电卡盘组件,还包括功率管理系统。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的静电卡盘组件,还包括控制器,所述控制器配置为在处理循环之前实现对所述静电电极和电流检测器之间的泄漏电流的检测。
8.一种等离子体增强沉积系统,包括根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的静电卡盘组件。
9.一种静电卡盘组件,包括:
静电卡盘,其包括主体和至少部分嵌入主体内的静电电极;
静电卡盘电源,其电耦合到静电电极;以及
位于静电电极和静电卡盘电源之间的检测电路,其中检测电路包括:
高频功率源;
电流测量装置;以及
电压测量装置。
10.根据权利要求9所述的静电卡盘组件,还包括位于所述检测电路和地之间的隔直电容器。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的静电卡盘组件,其中,所述高频功率源提供频率小于8MHz或在约1kHz和约2MHz之间的功率。
12.根据权利要求9-11中任一项所述的静电卡盘组件,其中,所述检测电路包括放大器。
13.根据权利要求9-12中任一项所述的静电卡盘组件,其中,所述检测电路包括耦合在所述高频功率源和静电电极之间的第一阻抗以及耦合在高频功率源和地之间的第二阻抗。
14.根据权利要求9-13中任一项所述的静电卡盘组件,还包括位于所述静电卡盘电源和检测电路之间的RF滤波器。
15.根据权利要求9-14中任一项所述的静电卡盘组件,其中,所述高频功率源是变频功率源。
16.一种等离子体增强沉积系统,包括根据权利要求9-15中任一项所述的静电卡盘组件。
17.根据权利要求16所述的等离子体增强沉积系统,还包括控制器,其配置为接收来自检测电路的输入,并基于来自检测电路的输入来控制到静电电极的电压。
18.一种确定已处理衬底的翘曲的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
在包括静电电极的静电卡盘上提供衬底;
向静电电极施加静电电压;
停止向静电电极施加静电电压;
测量静电电极的RC时间常数;以及
将RC时间常数与参考值进行比较。
19.根据权利要求18所述的方法,还包括当测量的RC时间常数低于阈值时,确定衬底翘曲。
20.根据权利要求18或19所述的方法,其中,使用高压高速电压表来确定所述RC时间常数。
21.根据权利要求18-20中任一项所述的方法,还包括提供信号以指示已经检测到翘曲的衬底。
22.根据权利要求18-21中任一项所述的方法,还包括以下步骤:在将静电电压施加到静电电极的步骤之后并且在停止将静电电压施加到静电电极的步骤之前处理衬底。
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