CN116777232A - TOD planning design scheme-oriented evaluation method and system - Google Patents
TOD planning design scheme-oriented evaluation method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application belongs to the technical field of urban construction planning and design, and discloses a TOD planning and design scheme-oriented evaluation method and system, wherein the evaluation method comprises the following steps: calculating the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index of the planning design scheme; based on the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index of the planning design scheme, judging whether the planning design scheme meets the requirements; and evaluating the planning and design scheme meeting the requirements by using an evaluation index system to determine the optimal planning and design scheme. The application evaluates the planning design scheme based on comprehensive traffic bearing capacity, considers the coordination of the construction scale and the traffic system of the planning design scheme, and realizes benign interaction of the construction scale and the traffic system by a feedback mechanism, thereby ensuring the rationality and feasibility of the scheme and avoiding the problem of traffic jam. The evaluation index of the application is more in accordance with the 3D development principle of TOD. The weight value of the evaluation index is determined by adopting an objective assignment method based on an analytic hierarchy process and an entropy weight method, so that customized evaluation of different cities and different regions is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of urban construction planning and design, and particularly relates to a TOD planning and design scheme-oriented evaluation method and system.
Background
TOD mode refers to a public Transportation Oriented (TOD) development mode.
In the TOD planning and design work at present, the rationality of the scheme is primarily concerned, the traffic congestion problem in a large city urges the analysis and evaluation of the traffic bearing capacity of the planning scheme, and the wave matching work of the scheme can be carried out on the basis of reasonable bearing capacity. Between the multiple schemes, because of the excessive professional and factors, the comparison of the schemes to the merits is difficult to draw conclusions, and a future-oriented planning evaluation and scheme comparison evaluation method is required to be formed for the planning scheme.
Existing TOD evaluations are mainly of the following types:
1. and the single comprehensive development project evaluation is used for evaluating whether the building scheme meets TOD development requirements or not and whether the building scheme meets TOD planning concepts or not. The method is suitable for grading and comprehensively evaluating comprehensive development projects around rail sites under unified property management by taking public transportation support and urban development (TOD) guidance as principles. Generally, the rating is declared a certain period after completion of completion acceptance and use of the TOD integrated development project. The evaluation factors consider indexes of areas, functions, traffic connection, public space, walking environment, operation and the like, the indexes are sequentially evaluated according to requirements, then the indexes are summarized to obtain total scores of the project, the total scores are divided into different levels according to the scores, the potential value of the project is clearly and comprehensively developed, and the rationality of the project design scheme is judged in an auxiliary mode.
However, most of the evaluation objects are design schemes of a single development project, and are aimed at personalized requirements of developers and the like, are not aimed at planning guidance of the whole city and the whole region, are not comprehensively considered from the region level, and are difficult to be used as guidance of region planning decisions.
2. The evaluation of a single professional surface/index realizes the quantitative analysis of a certain professional and a certain specific requirement, guides the optimization and improvement method, such as urban traffic evaluation, land development evaluation, landscape characteristic evaluation and the like. For example, in the aspect of traffic assessment, aiming at the assessment of the walking reachable range of the subway station radiation area, the construction level of the surrounding walking environment is reflected; and aiming at the competing relationship between the rail transit and the car, carrying out the parking coordination calculation of the TOD project. In terms of land development, land development value around a rail transit station and the like are evaluated. Aiming at different professional requirements, specific evaluation work is carried out.
However, TOD is a multi-professional collaborative planning mode, unilateral evaluation cannot comprehensively plan the advantages and disadvantages of the scheme, and evaluation conclusion of light weight avoidance is easy to generate.
The related prior art comprises the following steps: a method for calculating walking reachability of a rail transit station (CN 115100012A), a method for evaluating walking reachability of a radiation area of a rail transit station based on a micro-area (CN 110400045B), a method for evaluating land utilization around the rail transit station based on a TOD mode (CN 114757390A) and a method for parking and establishment of TOD projects in a central urban area (CN 113724498B).
3. For the evaluation of the built-up area, part of the research methods also try to build an evaluation index system for systematic and comprehensive regional planning around the evaluation site. Common evaluation index systems consider a plurality of specialized index contents such as traffic, planning, construction, landscapes and the like, for example, systematic evaluation of traffic hub running states, systematic evaluation of walking environments around stations, guiding evaluation of city development modes and the like.
The object of the selection and evaluation of the method indexes is aimed at the current development status, for example, the population density index is the current population density, the land development scale is the current land development strength, and the current development problem can be accurately diagnosed, but the future planning scheme is difficult to quantitatively evaluate and difficult to be used for scheme comparison and selection and other works.
The related prior art comprises the following steps: TOD construction-oriented traffic hub evaluation method (CN 108846597A), TOD development mode-based track traffic site surrounding building environment evaluation method (CN 113033959A), analytic hierarchy process-based street walking traffic environment evaluation method (CN 114862137A), track site surrounding slow traffic system connection level evaluation flow and method (CN 109460937B), city TOD mode development suitability-oriented evaluation method and system (CN 115438938A).
In summary, the above prior art has the following problems:
1. the evaluation is guiding evaluation and lacks restrictive evaluation content; the advantages and disadvantages of the schemes can be compared, but before that, the scheme rationality evaluation is lacking, and the analysis of traffic bearing capacity is mainly lacking;
2. the evaluation object has limitation, and the item is used as an evaluation unit or a specific index is used as an evaluation factor;
3. the index system is imperfect, key indexes of TOD planning and design cannot be covered, and the light-heavy relation among indexes cannot be processed;
4. the evaluation content is concentrated on the current situation, and the evaluation of the quality is difficult to give to the assumption of the planning scheme;
it follows that the current state-of-the-art method is difficult to meet the evaluation of the TOD planning scheme around the rail transit station, and is difficult to guide the comparison of the planning scheme.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the application provides an evaluation method and an evaluation system for TOD-oriented planning design scheme, which adopt the following technical scheme:
an evaluation method for TOD-oriented planning design scheme comprises the following steps:
calculating the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index of the planning design scheme;
based on the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index of the planning design scheme, judging whether the planning design scheme meets the requirements;
and evaluating the planning and design scheme meeting the requirements by using an evaluation index system to determine the optimal planning and design scheme.
Further, the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index of the planning design scheme is calculated, and the method comprises the following steps:
determining the traffic travel requirement of a planning design scheme;
calculating the traffic facility supply capacity of the planning design scheme;
and calculating the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index of the planning design scheme according to the traffic travel requirement and the traffic facility supply capacity.
Further, the planning and design scheme meeting the requirements is evaluated by using an evaluation index system, and an optimal planning and design scheme is determined, and the method comprises the following steps:
constructing an evaluation index system of a planning design scheme;
acquiring calculated values of all evaluation indexes in an evaluation index system;
performing dimensionality reduction processing on the calculated values of all the evaluation indexes to obtain evaluation values of all the evaluation indexes;
determining a first weight value of each evaluation index based on an analytic hierarchy process; determining a second weight value of each evaluation index based on an entropy weight method;
determining the comprehensive weight value of each evaluation index according to the first weight value and the second weight value of each evaluation index;
and determining an optimal planning design scheme according to the evaluation values and the comprehensive weight values of the evaluation indexes.
Further, determining a traffic travel demand of the planning design scheme, comprising the following steps:
and determining the traffic travel demand of the planning and design scheme according to the calculated travel demands of the planning and design scheme in the early peak, late Gao Fengyi and the flat peak.
Further, calculating the transportation facility supply capacity of the planning design scheme comprises the following steps:
calculating the track traffic supply capacity;
calculating bus supply capacity;
the asset supply capability is calculated.
Further, according to the traffic travel demand and the traffic facility supply capacity, a comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index of the planning design scheme is calculated, and the method comprises the following steps:
calculating the bearing capacity index of each traffic facility of the planning design scheme according to the maximum unit hour travel demand, the supply capacity of each traffic facility and the travel demand ratio of each traffic facility of the planning design scheme;
and determining the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index of the planning and design scheme according to the maximum unit hour travel demand, the supply capacity of each traffic facility and the bearing capacity index of each traffic facility of the planning and design scheme.
Further, the calculated values of the evaluation indexes include: the population post density calculation value, the development intensity calculation value, the development compactness calculation value, the land function mixing degree calculation value, the public service facility density calculation value, the station entrance and exit number, the slow road network density calculation value and the transportation facility transfer distance calculation value.
Further, the method for performing dimensionalization processing on the calculated value of each evaluation index to obtain an evaluation value of each evaluation index comprises the following steps:
determining an evaluation value of population post density according to the calculation value of population post density in the planning design scheme range and the highest population post density of the same-scale area of the same city;
determining an evaluation value of the development intensity according to the calculated value of the development intensity in the planning design scheme range and the highest development intensity of the same-city equivalent scale area;
determining an evaluation value of the development compactness according to the calculated value of the development compactness in the planning design scheme range and the highest development compactness of the same-scale area of the same city;
determining an evaluation value of the land function mixture according to the calculated value of the land function mixture of the planning design scheme;
determining an evaluation value of the density of the public service facilities according to the calculated value of the density of the public service facilities in the planning design scheme range and the highest density of the public service facilities in the same-scale area of the same city;
determining an evaluation value of the number of station entrances and exits according to the number of station entrances and exits in the planning design range and the maximum number of entrances and exits of stations in the same city;
determining an evaluation value of the density of the slow road network according to the calculated value of the density of the slow road network in the range of the planning design scheme and the maximum slow road network density of the same-scale area of the same city;
and determining an evaluation value of the transportation facility transfer distance according to the calculated value of the transportation facility transfer distance in the planning design scheme range and the maximum transfer distance in the same city.
Further, the integrated traffic load-bearing index is classified into the following classes:
class a: the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index is more than or equal to 0 and less than 40 percent;
class B: the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index is more than or equal to 40% and less than 60%;
grade C: the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index is more than or equal to 60% and less than 80%;
grade D: the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index is more than or equal to 80% and less than 90%;
grade E: more than or equal to 90 percent.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps:
and when the bearing capacity index grade is E, determining that the planning and design scheme does not meet the requirements, optimizing the planning and design scheme with the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index not meeting the requirements, and evaluating the optimized planning and design scheme again until the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index of the planning and design scheme meets the requirements.
The application also provides an evaluation system for the TOD planning design scheme, which comprises the following steps:
the calculation unit is used for calculating the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index of the planning design scheme;
the evaluation unit is used for judging whether the planning design scheme meets the requirements or not based on the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index of the planning design scheme;
and the comparison unit is used for evaluating the planning and design schemes meeting the requirements by using the evaluation index system and determining the optimal planning and design scheme.
Further, the computing unit is specifically configured to:
determining the traffic travel requirement of a planning design scheme;
calculating the traffic facility supply capacity of the planning design scheme;
and calculating the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index of the planning design scheme according to the traffic travel requirement and the traffic facility supply capacity.
The application has the beneficial effects that:
1. the application evaluates the planning design scheme based on comprehensive traffic bearing capacity, considers the coordination of the construction scale and the traffic system of the planning design scheme, and realizes benign interaction of the construction scale and the traffic system by a feedback mechanism, thereby ensuring the rationality and feasibility of the scheme and avoiding the problem of traffic jam.
2. The evaluation index of the application is more in accordance with the 3D development principle of TOD.
3. The weight value of the evaluation index is determined by adopting an objective assignment method based on an analytic hierarchy process and an entropy weight method, so that customized evaluation of different cities and different regions is realized.
Additional features and advantages of the application will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the application. The objectives and other advantages of the application may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions of the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 shows a main flow diagram of an evaluation method for a TOD-oriented planning design scheme according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an assessment index system according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a detailed flow chart of a TOD-plan-design-oriented evaluation method according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of an evaluation system for TOD-oriented planning design according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like herein are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order.
The embodiment of the application provides an evaluation method and system for TOD planning design schemes, which aim at the TOD planning design schemes of surrounding areas of a rail transit station, firstly analyze the bearing capacity of traffic facilities, evaluate and compare different schemes meeting the bearing capacity requirement of the traffic facilities, realize quantitative evaluation and comparison selection of multiple schemes, assist decision making to select the most appropriate scheme, and guide optimization and perfection of the planning design schemes by taking the most appropriate scheme as a guide, so that the influence on construction implementation effect due to improper preamble planning is avoided.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, an evaluation method for a TOD-oriented planning design scheme includes the following steps:
s1, calculating a comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index of a planning design scheme, wherein the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index comprises the following steps:
s11, determining the traffic travel demand of the planning and design scheme according to the travel demands of the early peak, the late peak Gao Fengyi and the flat peak of the planning and design scheme, wherein the traffic travel demand of the planning and design scheme is specifically as follows:
traffic demand includes traffic generation and traffic attraction, and the metrics of land use, volume rate, traffic occurrence rate, etc. together determine the traffic demand scale. Because the traffic travel rates of the lands with different properties are different, the travel characteristics of the corresponding early and late peaks and flat peaks are also different, and the travel characteristics of the areas are difficult to represent only by using one time period, in order to accurately represent the travel requirements of the planning range, the travel requirements of the early peak, the late peak Gao Fengyi and the flat peaks are respectively calculated by referring to travel rate standards, and the maximum travel requirements are taken as the maximum travel requirements, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
in the method, in the process of the application,representing the maximum unit hour travel requirement of the planning design scheme; />Early peak unit hour travel demand (ten thousands of times) representing planning design scheme, < ->Is the flat peak unit hour trip requirement (ten thousands of times) of the planning design scheme and is +.>The travel requirement (ten thousands of times) of the unit hour of the late peak of the planning design scheme; />Representing +.>Building area of land block (m) 2 ）；/>Representing the trip rate (ten thousands times/m) of s plots in the planning design scheme 2 ）。
S12, calculating the traffic facility supply capacity of the planning design scheme.
The TOD planning design encompasses the planning of the traffic facilities within the planning envelope, so that the traffic supply is calculated separately considering each traffic facility. For example, traffic facilities include rail traffic, conventional buses, road traffic, and the like.
S121, calculating the rail transit supply capacity, wherein the rail transit supply capacity is specifically as follows:
the supply capacity of rail transit is mainly constrained by both line capacity and station capacity. The line capacity is the section capacity of the peak hour and is related to the capacity of a train system, the departure frequency and the traffic volume of the transit background; the station capability is limited by the design capability of the building scale and key parts (stairs, gates, channels, etc.) of the station. The track traffic supply capacity is obtained by taking the minimum value of the line capacity and the station capacity.
In the method, in the process of the application,representing rail transit supply capacity (person/h); />Representing track traffic route->Is determined according to the line design standard (man/h); />Representing track traffic route->Considering the residual capacity coefficient after the background passing requirements in the planning range; />Representing the number of track traffic lines in a planning range; />Representing the number of rail transit stations in a planning range, and repeatedly calculating transfer stations; />Representing rail transit station in planning range>Is determined according to the station design criteria (person/h).
S122, calculating conventional bus supply capacity, wherein the conventional bus supply capacity is specifically as follows:
the conventional bus supply capacity is related to the number of bus stops, the number of bus lines and the operation capacity of each line, and is calculated by planning the resource capacity provided for the conventional bus by road facilities.
In the method, in the process of the application,representing regular bus supply capacity (person/h); />Representing the road in the planning horizon->Is determined according to road design criteria (pcu/h); />Representing road +.>The traffic capacity duty ratio provided for the conventional buses is determined according to the traffic characteristics of the urban roads; />Representing road +.>Passenger carrying capacity (person/car) of conventional buses; />Representing a standard bus coefficient converted by a conventional bus, and determining according to the bus type; />And the number of roads with regular bus running in the planning range is represented.
S123, calculating the supply capacity of the road facilities, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the asset supply capability is related to road class, number of lanes, road length, traffic capacity, and passenger carrying factor of the vehicle.
In the method, in the process of the application,indicating a facility supply capacity (person/h); />Representing road +.>The traffic capacity duty ratio provided for road traffic is determined according to the urban road traffic characteristics; />Representing road +.>Passenger carrying capacity (person/car) of a car vehicle.
And S13, calculating the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index of the planning design scheme according to the traffic travel requirements and the traffic facility supply capacity.
S131, firstly, calculating the bearing capacity index of each traffic facility of the planning and design scheme according to the travel structure requirement of the planning and design scheme, the maximum unit hour travel requirement of the planning and design scheme, the supply capacity of each traffic facility and the travel requirement ratio of each traffic facility, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1311, calculating a track traffic bearing capacity index of a planning design scheme according to the maximum unit hour travel demand, the track traffic supply capacity and the track traffic travel demand ratio of the planning design scheme, wherein the track traffic bearing capacity index is specifically as follows:
in the method, in the process of the application,representing a rail transit bearing capacity index; />And the track traffic travel demand ratio in the planning design scheme is represented.
S1312, calculating a conventional bus bearing capacity index of the planning and design scheme according to the maximum unit hour travel demand, the conventional bus supply capacity and the conventional bus travel demand ratio of the planning and design scheme, wherein the conventional bus bearing capacity index is specifically as follows:
in the method, in the process of the application,representing a conventional bus bearing capacity index; />And the conventional bus travel demand ratio in the planning design scheme is represented.
S1313, calculating a road facility bearing capacity index of the planning and design scheme according to the maximum unit hour travel demand, the road facility supply capacity and the road traffic travel demand ratio of the planning and design scheme, wherein the road facility bearing capacity index is specifically as follows:
in the method, in the process of the application,representing a load-bearing capacity index of the asset; />And the road traffic travel demand ratio in the planning design scheme is represented.
S132, determining a comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index of the planning and design scheme according to the maximum unit hour travel demand, the supply capacity of each traffic facility and the bearing capacity index of each traffic facility of the planning and design scheme, wherein the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index is specifically as follows:
in the method, in the process of the application,representing the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index of the planning design scheme; comprehensive traffic load capacity index->The size of the (C) reflects the matching degree of the traffic facilities and land development, the reasonable range of the value is related to the urban development level, and the threshold value can be selected according to the specific development condition of the city.
In the step, the motorized transportation facilities are integrated, and the planning scheme is comprehensively evaluated. The full-mode bearing capacity is calculated by weighting the duty ratio of travel demands, and the larger the numerical value is, the larger the bearing pressure is.
The comprehensive traffic load capacity index is classified into the following grades: class a: the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index is more than or equal to 0 and less than 40 percent; class B: the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index is more than or equal to 40% and less than 60%; grade C: the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index is more than or equal to 60% and less than 80%; grade D: the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index is more than or equal to 80% and less than 90%; grade E: more than or equal to 90 percent.
The traffic load indices and the overall traffic load index for the planned design can be evaluated using table 1.
Table 1 comprehensive traffic load rating table
| Index rating of bearing capacity | A | B | C | D | E |
| Comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index S | [0,40%) | [40%,60%) | [60%,80%) | [80%,90%) | ≥90% |
| Remarks | Smooth traffic and low development strength | Smooth traffic and moderate development intensity | Traffic has the risk of congestion and has higher development intensity | Traffic is easy to be jammed, and development intensity is high | Traffic congestion, too high development intensity |
S2, based on the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index of the planning design scheme, judging whether the planning design scheme meets the requirement, optimizing the planning design scheme with the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index not meeting the requirement, evaluating the optimized planning design scheme again, and repeatedly iterating until the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index of the planning design scheme meets the requirement.
The comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index based on the planning design scheme judges whether the planning design scheme meets the requirements or not, and the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index based on the planning design scheme comprises the following steps:
and respectively evaluating the bearing capacity index of each traffic facility and the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index, comparing the evaluation results obtained in the table 1, and optimizing the planning scheme for the traffic mode with the bearing capacity index grade E.
The specific measures for optimizing the planning and design scheme with the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index not meeting the requirement comprise reducing the overall development strength of the planning and design scheme, increasing the supply capacity of the traffic mode, adjusting the travel structure target of the planning and design scheme and the like.
And S3, evaluating the planning design scheme meeting the requirements of the bearing capacity index of the traffic facility by using an evaluation index system, and determining the optimal planning design scheme.
S31, constructing an evaluation index system of the planning design scheme.
As shown in fig. 2, an evaluation index system suitable for the TOD planning and design scheme is built, which reflects the result evaluation of each specialty of the planning and design scheme, and comprises 8 evaluation indexes, and belongs to the 3 large dimension of the 3D design principle in TOD. The 3 large dimensions are respectively high densityDiversification->Good design->。
Wherein, the high densityComprises population position density->Development intensity->And develop compactnessThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Multiple->Comprising land function blendsDegree->And public service facility Density->The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Good design->Comprising the number of station entrances and exits->Density of the slow road network>And transportation facility transfer distance->。
S32, acquiring calculated values of all evaluation indexes in an evaluation index system, wherein the calculated values are specifically as follows:
s321, calculating population post densityPopulation post density values (commonly used 800m radius circles) in a certain range around a rail transit station reflect the aggregation degree of population and post by a planning design scheme, and the unit is ten thousand people/km 2 The method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
in the method, in the process of the application,indicate->Index population position density of item planning design scheme>Is calculated from the calculated values of (a); />Indicate->In the scheme, population and total station count (ten thousands of people) are in a certain range around the rail transit station; />Indicate->In the scheme, the land area (km) of the rail transit station in a certain range around the station 2 ）。
S322, calculate development intensityThe land development strength of the rail transit station in a certain range (a circle with a radius of 800m is commonly used) reflects the aggregation degree of the planning design scheme on the building scale, and the land development strength is specifically as follows:
in the method, in the process of the application,indicate->Development intensity of item scheme->Is calculated by->Indicate->In the scheme, the building area (m) of the rail transit station in a certain range around 2 ）；/>Indicate->In the scheme, the land area (m) of the rail transit station in a certain range around 2 ）。
S323, calculate and develop compactnessThe land development compactness of the rail transit station in a certain range (a circle with a radius of 800m is commonly used) reflects the degree of constructing an astronomical line centering on the station, and is specifically as follows:
in the method, in the process of the application,indicate->Development intensity of item scheme->Is calculated from the calculated values of (a); />Represent the firstIn the scheme, the development strength of the periphery of the rail transit station is within the radius range of 300m-800 m.
S324, calculating the land function mixing degreeThe land function mixing degree of the rail transit station in a certain range (a circle with a radius of 800m is commonly used) reflects the richness of functions, and the land function mixing degree is specifically as follows:
in the method, in the process of the application,indicate->Land function mix of item scheme->Is calculated by->The ratio of the total area of the areas of the 800-meter residence, business office, business land, public management and service, traffic land, leisure and entertainment land and 6-class land of the rail transit station is shown.
S325, calculating the density of public service facilitiesThe density of points of public facilities such as education facilities, medical facilities, financial facilities, sports facilities, park facilities, entertainment facilities and the like in a certain range (a circle with a radius of 800m is commonly used) around the rail transit station reflects the actual function supply of the planning and design scheme, and the method is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the application,indicate->Public service facility Density of item scheme>Is calculated by->Indicate->In the scheme, the number of the public facility points is within a certain range around the rail transit station.
S326, obtaining the number of station entrances and exitsThe number of entrances and exits of the rail transit station, the unit: and each.
S327, calculating the density of the slow road networkThe density of the slow road network in a certain range (a circle with a radius of 800m is commonly used) around the rail transit station comprises public slow facilities such as sidewalks, overpasses, underground passages and the like, and reflects the accessibility of the slow road, and the method is concretely as follows:
in the method, in the process of the application,indicate->The slow road network density of the item scheme +.>Is calculated by->Indicate->In the scheme, the total length (km) of the slow road network is within a certain range around the station; />Indicate->In the scheme, the land area (km) of the station in a certain range around the station 2 ）。
S328, calculating the transfer distance of the traffic facilityThe average transfer distance between the entrance and exit of the rail transit station and various connection facilities comprises transfer distances between the entrance and exit of the rail transit station and various connection facilities, including transfer distances between the entrance and exit of the rail transit station, non-motor vehicle parking lots and P+R parking lots, and reflects convenience of rail transit transfer, wherein the unit is m:
in the method, in the process of the application,indicate->Traffic facility transfer distance of item scheme +.>Is calculated by->Indicate->In the scheme, the distance (m) between the station entrance and the connection facility sequentially calculates the transfer distance between each entrance and the nearest bus station, the non-motor vehicle parking lot and the P+R parking lot.
S33, performing dimensionalization processing on the calculated values of the evaluation indexes to obtain evaluation values of the evaluation indexes.
In order to facilitate scheme comparison and generate comprehensive evaluation indexes, the 8 indexes are subjected to dimensionalization treatment according to respective characteristics, and the method comprises the following steps:
s331, determining population position density according to the calculated value of population position density in the planning design scheme range and the highest population position density of the same-city equal-scale areaSpecifically, the evaluation value of (a) is as follows:
TOD planning principles encourage high population post density, and the population post density in the range of the planning design scheme is higher than the highest population post density of the same-scale area of the same city, and the larger the numerical value is, the denser the representation is, specifically as follows:
in the method, in the process of the application,indicate->Index->Is determined by the evaluation value of (a); />Indicates the regional index of the same scale as the city +.>Maximum value of (ten thousand person/km) 2 ）。
S332, determining development strength according to the calculated value of the development strength in the planning design scheme range and the highest development strength of the same-city equivalent scale areaSpecifically, the evaluation value of (a) is as follows:
TOD planning principles encourage high development intensity, and in the embodiment of the application, the calculated value of the development intensity in the range of planning design scheme is higher than the highest development intensity of the same-city equal-scale area, and the larger the numerical value is, the higher the development intensity is represented, and the concrete steps are as follows:
in the method, in the process of the application,indicate->Index->Is->Indicates the regional index of the same scale as the city +.>Maximum value (m) 2 ）。
S333, determining the development compactness according to the calculated value of the development compactness in the planning design scheme range and the highest development compactness of the same-scale area of the same citySpecifically, the evaluation value of (a) is as follows:
TOD planning principles encourage high development compactness, and the calculated value of the development compactness in the range of planning design schemes is higher than the highest development compactness of the same-scale area of the same city, and the larger the numerical value is, the higher the development compactness is represented, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
in the method, in the process of the application,indicate->Index->Is->Indicates the regional index of the same scale as the city +.>Is a maximum value of (a).
S334, determining the land function mixture degree according to the calculated value of the land function mixture degree of the planning design schemeSpecifically, the evaluation value of (a) is as follows:
TOD planning principles encourage high mixedness, the land function mix itself being a dimensionless indicator that can be directly used to evaluate contrast, with larger values representing higher development compactness, as follows:
in the method, in the process of the application,indicate->Index->Is a result of the evaluation value of (a).
S335, determining the density of public service facilities according to the calculated value of the density of the public service facilities in the planning design scheme range and the highest density of the public service facilities in the same-scale area of the same citySpecifically, the evaluation value of (a) is as follows:
TOD planning principles encourage high miscibility, and the calculated value of the density of public service facilities in the range of planning design scheme is higher than the highest density of public service facilities in the same-scale area of the same city, and the larger the value is, the higher the density of public service facilities is represented, and the embodiment of the application is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the application,indicate->Index->Is->Indicates the regional index of the same scale as the city +.>Is a maximum value of (a).
S336, determining the number of station entrances and exits according to the number of station entrances and exits in the planning design scheme range and the maximum number of entrances and exits of stations in the same citySpecifically, the evaluation value of (a) is as follows:
TOD planning principle encourages the station to add the access & exit, the embodiment of the application uses the number of the access & exit of the station in the planning design scheme range to be compared with the maximum number of the access & exit of the station in the same city, the larger the numerical value is, the higher the index of the number of the access & exit is represented, and the embodiment of the application is as follows:
in the method, in the process of the application,indicate->Index->Is->Indicates the index of the railway transportation station in the same city +.>Is the maximum value of (2); for example, the number of the entrances and exits of the rail transit station in a certain city is at most 10, and the number of the entrances and exits of the rail transit station in a certain city is at most 24.
S337, determining the density of the slow-moving road network according to the calculated value of the slow-moving road network density in the planning design scheme range and the maximum slow-moving road network density of the same-city equal-scale areaSpecifically, the evaluation value of (a) is as follows:
the TOD planning principle encourages increasing the density of the slow-path network, and the embodiment of the application uses the density of the slow-path network in the planning design scheme range to be higher than the maximum slow-path network density of the area with the same scale as the city, and the larger the numerical value is, the higher the slow-path network density is represented, and the specific steps are as follows:
in the method, in the process of the application,indicate->Index->Is->Indicates the regional index of the same scale as the city +.>Is a maximum value of (a).
S338, calculating the transfer distance of traffic facilities in the range according to the planning design scheme and the same cityDetermining the transfer distance of the traffic facility by the inner maximum transfer distanceSpecifically, the evaluation value of (a) is as follows:
the TOD planning principle encourages the convenience of transfer and shortens the transfer distance, and the embodiment of the application determines the transfer distance of traffic facilities in the planning design scheme range and the maximum transfer distance in the same city, and the larger the numerical value is, the more convenient the transfer is represented, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
in the method, in the process of the application,indicate->Index->Is->Representing the maximum transfer distance (m) among all stations in the city.
S34, determining the weight of each evaluation index, wherein the embodiment of the application adopts a hierarchical analysis method and an entropy weight method to determine the weight of each evaluation index.
The method for determining the first weight value of each evaluation index based on the analytic hierarchy process comprises the following steps:
s341, confirming 3 large dimensions according to the evaluation requirementRelative importance degree between every two, constructing third-order judgment matrix +.>Calculating multiple characteristic roots of matrix>And the corresponding feature vector, selecting the maximum feature root +.>And corresponding feature vector->And do->Normalization processing is carried out to obtain a relative weight vector +.>Respectively high density->Diversification->Good design->Corresponding relative weights.
S342 for high densityThe 3 indexes in the three-order judgment matrix are used for confirming the relative importance degree between every two according to the evaluation requirement, and a third-order judgment matrix is constructed by adopting the same method as S341>Obtaining a relative weight vector +.>Population position Density +.>Development intensity->Development compactness->Corresponding relative weights.
S343, constructing a second-order judgment matrix of 2 diversified indexes by adopting the same method as that of S341And a well designed 3-index third-order judgment matrix +.>And the relative weights of 2 indexes and 3 indexes are well designed are calculated respectively.
S344, respectively to third order judgment matrix ，Second order judgment matrix->Third-order judgment matrix->And (4) carrying out consistency test, if all the data passes, entering the next step, otherwise returning to the step S341, and reconstructing the judgment matrix.
The consistency test method comprises the following steps: calculating a consistency indexWherein->For judging the order of the matrix; on the basis of which the consistency ratio is calculated +.>Wherein->For the random consistency index, the order of the judgment matrix is +.>And (5) determining. When->If the number is less than 0.1, the judgment matrix passes the consistency test.
S345, calculating high densityDiversification->Good design->Absolute weights of individual indicators in the 3 dimensions, e.g. population position Density +.>The absolute weight of the index is +.>Wherein->Is a high density relative weight, +.>For the relative weight under the hierarchy, the weight of other indexes is confirmed and the same is adopted, so that a first weight value of 8 indexes can be obtained>。
The method for determining the second weight value of each evaluation index based on the entropy weight method comprises the following steps:
s346, calculating entropy values of evaluation indexes of the planning and design schemes, wherein the entropy values are specifically as follows:
in the method, in the process of the application,representation ofEntropy value of the evaluation index, +.>Representing the total number of planning designs.
S347, determining a difference coefficient of each evaluation index according to the entropy value of the evaluation value of each evaluation index, specifically including the following steps:
for evaluation indexWhen->The smaller the difference of the evaluation value of the evaluation index is, the entropy value +.>The larger; when (when)The greater the difference, the entropy value +.>The smaller the evaluation index is, the greater the influence and effect on the final evaluation target is, and therefore, the following is:
/>
in the method, in the process of the application,for evaluating the difference coefficient of the index, +.>The larger the evaluation index is, the greater the importance of the evaluation index to the final evaluation target is.
S348, sequentially obtaining second weight values of all evaluation indexes according to the sum of the difference coefficients of all evaluation indexes and the difference coefficients of all evaluation indexes by summing the difference coefficients of all evaluation indexes, wherein the second weight values are specifically as follows:
in the method, in the process of the application,and a second weight value representing the evaluation index.
S35, determining a comprehensive weight value of each evaluation index according to the first weight value and the second weight value of each evaluation index, wherein the comprehensive weight value is specifically as follows:
in the method, in the process of the application,for evaluating the comprehensive weight value of the index, +.>For the second weight value in the integrated weight value weights, +.>Can be determined as desired, e.g.)>。
S36, determining an optimal planning design scheme according to the evaluation values and the comprehensive weight values of all the evaluation indexes, wherein the optimal planning design scheme is specifically as follows:
after the evaluation value and the comprehensive weight value of each evaluation index are determined, the method for weighting and summing each index carries out comprehensive evaluation on each scheme, and the evaluation value of each scheme is calculated, namely:
in the method, in the process of the application,is->Comprehensive evaluation value of individual planning design scheme +.>The higher the design scheme, the more reasonable the design scheme is, and the optimal design scheme is recommended.
Based on the evaluation method for the TOD-oriented planning design scheme, as shown in fig. 4, the embodiment of the application also provides an evaluation system for the TOD-oriented planning design scheme, which comprises a calculation unit, an evaluation unit and a comparison unit.
The calculation unit is used for calculating the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index of the planning design scheme; the evaluation unit is used for judging whether the planning design scheme meets the requirements or not based on the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index of the planning design scheme; and the comparison unit is used for evaluating the planning and design schemes meeting the requirements by using the evaluation index system and determining the optimal planning and design scheme.
The application covers the traffic bearing capacity of rail traffic, conventional buses and road traffic, takes the weighting into consideration to form the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity, takes the coordination of the construction scale of the planning design scheme and the traffic system into consideration, and the feedback mechanism realizes benign interaction of the planning design scheme and the traffic system, ensures the rationality and feasibility of the scheme and avoids the problem of traffic jam.
The evaluation index disclosed by the application covers three dimensions of high density, diversification and good design, and is more in accordance with the 3D development principle of TOD compared with other evaluation schemes.
The method aims at a plurality of plots with the site influence range, is used for evaluating the regional planning design scheme, and can effectively assist in comparing and selecting the regional planning design scheme.
The application realizes the pre-evaluation of planning design scheme, assists the scheme comparison and selection work, is helpful for guiding project decision, can only realize the evaluation of the current development situation by the traditional method, and aims at diagnosing the current situation problem. In addition, the weight value of the evaluation index is determined by adopting an objective assignment method based on an analytic hierarchy process and an entropy weight method, so that customized evaluation of different cities and different regions is realized.
Although the application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (12)
1. The TOD programming design scheme-oriented evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
calculating the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index of the planning design scheme;
based on the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index of the planning design scheme, judging whether the planning design scheme meets the requirements;
and evaluating the planning and design scheme meeting the requirements by using an evaluation index system to determine the optimal planning and design scheme.
2. The TOD plan-oriented evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein calculating the comprehensive traffic load capacity index of the plan design comprises the steps of:
determining the traffic travel requirement of a planning design scheme;
calculating the traffic facility supply capacity of the planning design scheme;
and calculating the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index of the planning design scheme according to the traffic travel requirement and the traffic facility supply capacity.
3. The method for evaluating a TOD-oriented programming scheme according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation is performed on the programming scheme satisfying the requirement by using an evaluation index system to determine an optimal programming scheme, comprising the steps of:
constructing an evaluation index system of a planning design scheme;
acquiring calculated values of all evaluation indexes in an evaluation index system;
performing dimensionality reduction processing on the calculated values of all the evaluation indexes to obtain evaluation values of all the evaluation indexes;
determining a first weight value of each evaluation index based on an analytic hierarchy process; determining a second weight value of each evaluation index based on an entropy weight method;
determining the comprehensive weight value of each evaluation index according to the first weight value and the second weight value of each evaluation index;
and determining an optimal planning design scheme according to the evaluation values and the comprehensive weight values of the evaluation indexes.
4. The TOD plan-oriented evaluation method according to claim 2, characterized in that determining the travel demand of the plan, comprises the steps of:
and determining the traffic travel demand of the planning and design scheme according to the calculated travel demands of the planning and design scheme in the early peak, late Gao Fengyi and the flat peak.
5. The TOD plan-oriented evaluation method according to claim 2, wherein calculating the transportation facility supply capability of the plan design comprises the steps of:
calculating the track traffic supply capacity;
calculating bus supply capacity;
the asset supply capability is calculated.
6. The TOD plan-oriented evaluation method according to claim 2, wherein the calculation of the comprehensive traffic load capacity index of the plan design based on the traffic travel demand and the traffic facility supply capacity comprises the steps of:
calculating the bearing capacity index of each traffic facility of the planning design scheme according to the maximum unit hour travel demand, the supply capacity of each traffic facility and the travel demand ratio of each traffic facility of the planning design scheme;
and determining the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index of the planning and design scheme according to the maximum unit hour travel demand, the supply capacity of each traffic facility and the bearing capacity index of each traffic facility of the planning and design scheme.
7. The method for evaluating a TOD-oriented programming design according to claim 3, wherein the calculated values of each evaluation index include: the population post density calculation value, the development intensity calculation value, the development compactness calculation value, the land function mixing degree calculation value, the public service facility density calculation value, the station entrance and exit number, the slow road network density calculation value and the transportation facility transfer distance calculation value.
8. The method for evaluating a TOD-oriented programming scheme according to claim 7, wherein the performing of a dimensionality reduction process on the calculated values of each evaluation index to obtain the evaluation value of each evaluation index comprises the steps of:
determining an evaluation value of population post density according to the calculation value of population post density in the planning design scheme range and the highest population post density of the same-scale area of the same city;
determining an evaluation value of the development intensity according to the calculated value of the development intensity in the planning design scheme range and the highest development intensity of the same-city equivalent scale area;
determining an evaluation value of the development compactness according to the calculated value of the development compactness in the planning design scheme range and the highest development compactness of the same-scale area of the same city;
determining an evaluation value of the land function mixture according to the calculated value of the land function mixture of the planning design scheme;
determining an evaluation value of the density of the public service facilities according to the calculated value of the density of the public service facilities in the planning design scheme range and the highest density of the public service facilities in the same-scale area of the same city;
determining an evaluation value of the number of station entrances and exits according to the number of station entrances and exits in the planning design range and the maximum number of entrances and exits of stations in the same city;
determining an evaluation value of the density of the slow road network according to the calculated value of the density of the slow road network in the range of the planning design scheme and the maximum slow road network density of the same-scale area of the same city;
and determining an evaluation value of the transportation facility transfer distance according to the calculated value of the transportation facility transfer distance in the planning design scheme range and the maximum transfer distance in the same city.
9. The TOD plan design oriented evaluation method according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the integrated traffic load bearing index is classified into the following classes:
class a: the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index is more than or equal to 0 and less than 40 percent;
class B: the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index is more than or equal to 40% and less than 60%;
grade C: the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index is more than or equal to 60% and less than 80%;
grade D: the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index is more than or equal to 80% and less than 90%;
grade E: more than or equal to 90 percent.
10. The TOD-oriented programming design evaluation method according to claim 9, further comprising the steps of:
and when the bearing capacity index grade is E, determining that the planning and design scheme does not meet the requirements, optimizing the planning and design scheme with the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index not meeting the requirements, and evaluating the optimized planning and design scheme again until the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index of the planning and design scheme meets the requirements.
11. An evaluation system for a TOD-oriented programming scheme, comprising:
the calculation unit is used for calculating the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index of the planning design scheme;
the evaluation unit is used for judging whether the planning design scheme meets the requirements or not based on the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index of the planning design scheme;
and the comparison unit is used for evaluating the planning and design schemes meeting the requirements by using the evaluation index system and determining the optimal planning and design scheme.
12. The TOD plan design oriented evaluation system of claim 11, wherein the computing unit is specifically configured to:
determining the traffic travel requirement of a planning design scheme;
calculating the traffic facility supply capacity of the planning design scheme;
and calculating the comprehensive traffic bearing capacity index of the planning design scheme according to the traffic travel requirement and the traffic facility supply capacity.
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