CN116776038A - Method for calculating sediment transport amount of river in sediment-free data mountain area - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application relates to a sediment transport amount calculating method for a river in a sediment-free data mountain area, which comprises the following steps of: step 1, data collection, namely selecting a reference river according to the collected data; step 2, calculating an empirical relationship between actual measured river flow and sand entrainment indexes; step 3, calibrating and verifying sand entrainment calculation parameters of the reference river; step 4, calculating a sand entrainment correction coefficient of the reference river; and 5, calculating the sediment transport amount of the river in the mountain area without sediment data. According to the application, the actual problem that most small branches in mountain areas do not observe the sand content is solved, the river basin similarity of mountain area rivers with sediment data is analyzed, the parameters suitable for different rivers are adopted according to the natural attribute that the water flow has certain sediment carrying capacity, the annual sand transmission and daily sand content process of a certain mountain area river can be simply and accurately calculated, and the defect that the mountain area river is difficult to observe and obtain detailed sediment data is overcome.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of water conservancy river channel sand conveying, in particular to a sediment-free data mountain river sand conveying calculation method.
Background
The mountain area and the river are limited by traffic, equipment, personnel equipment, testing technology and other conditions, and relatively accurate sediment observation is difficult to develop. Taking the downstream of Jinshajiang and the region of Sanxia reservoir as an example, the water systems in the two regions are developed, and the water systems in the Jinshajiang are under theThe whole length from the climbing flowers to the Yibin of the Min river mouth is about 768km, and the area of the interval river basin is 21.4 km 2 22 primary branches with different sizes are distributed, wherein the area of the flow field is 1000km 2 There were 14 above. Up to the present, there are still 10 branches downstream of Jinshajiang without sediment observation. The river basin is a region for mainly producing and transporting sand, especially after a step water-saving junction is built by a middle-stream main stream and a plurality of large branches, the proportion of small branches and uncontrolled regional sand production is continuously increased, and the characteristics of the small branches in the sand are clear, so that the method has a certain significance for the running scheduling of four large reservoirs of the river basin, namely Wu Dongde, the white crane beach, the river ferry and the dam. And the water system is more developed in the three gorges reservoir region, more than 60 first-level branches are distributed, and the area of the water containing flow field is 100km 2 44 branches of the primary branch, and the area of the river basin is 1000km 2 The above 15 branches are mainly flow observation, the small branches are not fully monitored, and the branches are arranged in the later stage of the 90 th year of the 20 th century and are monitored intermittently. Similar to the downstream of Jinsha river, the sediment of the main flow and the big branch flow of the three gorges reservoir is basically intercepted by the cascade reservoirs with different scales, and the mastering of the running sand of the interval and the small branch flow has a certain reference function for optimizing the dispatching of the three gorges reservoir.
At present, the calculation method of the sand conveying amount in the area without data is generally rough, such as a sand conveying modulus method, directly adopts the river basin sand conveying modulus which is similar to the observed data, multiplies the river basin area to be solved, namely, the sand conveying amount is considered, and the inherent mechanism and the river basin difference of rainfall-runoff-sand production are basically not considered. The method still adopts the similar flow-sediment quantity correlation of the tributaries with sediment observation data, and estimates the sediment quantity by combining the flow observation data of the tributaries to be obtained. Most of the two methods can only give an average value of the sand conveying amount for many years, and the sand conveying process matched with the flow process in the year cannot be obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application aims to provide a sediment-free data mountain area river sediment transport calculation method which is used for calculating the incoming sediment quantity of a small river in a data-free mountain area in a step reservoir area, and combining the river adjacent to data such as measured section elevation, water depth, flow rate, sediment content and the like, and calculating the sediment transport quantity of the sediment-free data mountain area river by similarity analysis and parameter calibration, so that a supporting effect is provided for sediment accumulation analysis and sediment discharge scheduling of the step reservoir.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions:
the embodiment of the application provides a sediment data-free mountain river sediment transport amount calculating method, which comprises the following steps of:
step 1, data collection, namely selecting a reference river according to the collected data;
step 2, calculating an empirical relationship between actual measured river flow and sand entrainment indexes;
step 3, calibrating and verifying sand entrainment calculation parameters of the reference river;
step 4, calculating a sand entrainment correction coefficient of the reference river;
and 5, calculating the sediment transport amount of the river in the mountain area without sediment data.
In the step 1, data is collected, a specific step of selecting a reference river according to the collected data information is as follows,
step 11, collecting river basin characteristic parameters of the river in the mountain area without sediment data, including vegetation coverage and rainfall capacity of the river basin in the mountain area without sediment data, and actually measured flow, section elevation, flow velocity and water depth of a river control hydrologic station in the mountain area without sediment data;
step 12, collecting river basin characteristic parameters of a mountain river with sediment observation data, which are adjacent to a river without sediment data, wherein the river basin characteristic parameters comprise vegetation coverage and rainfall capacity of the mountain river basin with sediment observation data, and actual measurement flow, actual measurement sand content, section elevation, flow velocity and water depth of a river control hydrological station with sediment observation data;
and 13, carrying out river basin similarity analysis on the river with sediment observation data mountain areas and the river with sediment observation data adjacent to the river with sediment observation data mountain areas, and finally selecting the river with sediment observation data mountain areas with similar vegetation coverage, rainfall, section silt flushing change and flow processes as a reference river for parameter calibration verification.
In the step 2, the empirical relation between the actual measured river flow and sand entrainment index is calculated and referred to specifically,
step 21, according to the section observation data of the river control hydrologic station, interplanting section change diagrams of different years, judging the sand conveying state of the river, and if the section is in a siltation trend, carrying sand by water flow S * Less than the sand content S c Conversely, if the section is less in erosion and precipitation or has a tendency to wash, the sand-carrying force S * Equal to or greater than the sand content S c Determining conversion parameters of sand-carrying capacity and sand content according to the siltation amplitude of sectionA represents the water passing area of the section under a certain calculated water level, and the unit is m 2 The lower right corner mark indicates time, and in year, under the condition that no special event such as landslide or mud-rock flow occurs, the overall change of the river bed form of the mountain area river is small, and the sand transportation is always in an unsaturated state, so that the delta value is approximately 0.9-1.0, namely S c ≤S * ；
Step 22, calculating sand entrainment index according to measured flow, section flow velocity and water depth data of the river control hydrologic stationU is the average flow velocity of the section, the unit is m/s, h is the average water depth of the section, and the unit is m;
step 23, analyzing the correlation between the measured flow and sand entrainment index to form an empirical calculation formula S s ＝aq 2 +bq+c, q is the measured flow rate, a, b, c are constants, and the average sand-carrying index corresponding to the average flow rate is calculated according to the measured flow rate.
In the step 3, the calculation parameters of the sand entrainment force of the rated verification reference river are specifically,
step 31, when calculating sand-carrying capacity, directly combining sediment settling speed omega and constant gravity acceleration g into a sand-carrying capacity calculation formulaIn the original parameters k and m, respectivelyConverted into parameters k 'and m', the sand entrainment force calculation formula can be rewritten as +.>Wherein the sand-carrying force index->Can be obtained by step 23, i.e. S * '＝k'S s m′ ；
Step 32, obtaining sand entrainment by referring to the actual measurement daily average flow of the river, the step 23 and the step 31, taking the conversion parameter delta of the sand entrainment and the sand content into consideration, comparing the actual measurement sand content data, controlling according to the accuracy that the calculated sand content deviation is not more than 40%, and calibrating the sand entrainment initial value calculation parameters k 'and m'.
In the step 4, the sand entrainment correction factor of the reference river is calculated specifically,
step 41, according to the characteristics of steep rising and falling in the mountain river runoff process and the characteristics of sand conveying basically occurring in the rapid rising process of the flow, a calculation formula of a sand entrainment force correction coefficient zeta is providedQ i And Q i+1 Daily average flow for days i and i+1, respectively, in m 3 /s；
Step 42, further determining a parameter gamma according to the actual measurement flow and the fluctuation process of the sand content on the basis of the initial value of the sand entrainment calculated in the step 32, and calculating a sand entrainment correction coefficient zeta;
step 43, further verifying the water-carrying sand-carrying force calculation formulas calculated in the steps 32 and 42 by referring to the measured sand content data of other years of the riverIf the calculated deviation between the annual sand amount and the measured value is less than 20%, and the deviation between the peak value of the sand content and the measured value is less than 20%, the rated parameters are considered to be effective, otherwise, the steps 2 and 3 are repeated for rating again.
In the step 5, the sediment transport amount of the river in the mountain area without sediment data is calculated specifically as follows,
step 51, calculating sand entrainment indexes of the mountain river without sediment data according to the measured flow rate, the flow velocity and the water depth data of the mountain river without sediment data, establishing a correlation between the sand entrainment indexes of the mountain river without sediment data and the measured flow rate q, fitting to form an empirical calculation formula, and obtaining corresponding daily sand entrainment indexes according to daily flow rates;
step 52, calculating conversion parameters of sand entrainment and sand content of the river in the mountain area without sediment data;
step 53, calculating the water-flow sand entrainment of the river in the silt-free data mountain area by adopting parameters k ', m' and gamma after verification by referring to the river rate, and converting the water-flow sand entrainment and the sand content conversion parameters into the daily sand content of the river in the silt-free data mountain area according to the parameters;
step 54, calculating the annual sediment transport amount of the sediment-free mountain river according to the measured daily average flow Q and the daily sediment-free mountain river calculated in step 53The sand content is kg/m 3 Annual sand delivery unit is ten thousand t, q i For the measured flow on day i, S ci Is the sand content on day i.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that:
the application fully utilizes the existing actual measurement data of flow, section elevation, flow velocity, water depth and the like of the small tributary, combines the characteristics of steep rising and steep falling in the annual flow process of the small tributary and the main concentration of sand transportation in the large flow process, considers the inherent relation of runoff-sand transportation from the natural attribute of water flow with sand transportation, can relatively accurately give out the total annual sand transportation amount, can obtain the daily sand content process corresponding to the daily flow process in the year, and can be used for calculating the larger sand transportation amount generated in the local storm process.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart for calculating river sediment transport amount in mountain areas without sediment materials in reservoir areas of a large-scale reservoir according to an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the annual maximum 7-day rainfall correlation of river 1 channel stream and river 2 Xiaojiang river;
FIG. 3 is a section change diagram of river 2 Xiaojiang hot spring station 2015-2020;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the correlation between measured flow and sand entrainment in a hot spring station of river 2 in 2015-2020;
FIG. 5 is a graph (parameter calibration) comparing the process of calculating the sand content with the process of actually measuring the sand content in 2015;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the comparison of the calculated and measured sand content in 2020;
FIG. 7 is a view of a section change of a river 1, a canal and a stream two-river station 2015-2020;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the correlation between measured flow rates and sand entrainment at two stations of a river 1 channel stream in 2015-2020;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the measured flow rate and calculated sand content of two stations of a typical year stream 1 channel stream.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.
The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The terms "first," "second," and the like, are used merely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions.
As shown in fig. 1, a sediment data mountain river sediment transport amount calculating method comprises the following steps:
step 1, data collection, selecting a reference river 2 according to the collected data information, realizing the following modes,
step 11, collecting river basin characteristic parameters of the mountain river 1 without sediment observation data, including river basin vegetation coverage, rainfall, actual measurement flow, section elevation, flow velocity, water depth and the like of a controlled hydrologic station;
step 12, collecting river basin characteristic parameters of other mountain rivers with sediment observation data adjacent to the river 1, including river basin vegetation coverage, rainfall, actual measurement flow, sediment content, section elevation and flow velocity, water depth and the like of the controlled hydrologic station;
and 13, carrying out river basin similarity analysis of the river 1 and the river adjacent to the sediment observation data, and finally selecting a river 2 with equal vegetation coverage, rainfall, section dredging change, flow process and the like as a reference object for main parameter calibration verification.
Step 2, calculating and referring to the empirical relation of river actual measurement flow and sand entrainment index, the implementation mode is as follows,
step 21, according to the section observation data of the river 2 controlled hydrologic station, interplanting section change diagrams of different years, judging the sand conveying state of the river, and if the section is in a siltation trend, carrying sand by water flow S * Less than the sand content S c Otherwise, if the section is flushed and siltedLess melting or flushing tendency, sand-carrying force S * Equal to or greater than the sand content S c Determining conversion parameters of sand-carrying capacity and sand content according to the siltation amplitude of sectionA represents the water passing area of a section under a certain calculated water level, the unit is m2, and the lower right corner mark represents time and the unit is year. Generally, under the condition that no special event such as landslide or mud-rock flow occurs, the overall change of the mountain river bed form is small, and the sand is always in an unsaturated state, so the delta value can be approximately 0.9-1.0, namely S c ≤S * ；
Step 22, calculating sand entrainment index according to the measured flow, section flow velocity and water depth data of the river 2 controlled hydrologic stationU is the average flow velocity of the section, the unit is m/s, h is the average water depth of the section, and the unit is m;
step 23, analyzing the correlation between the measured flow and sand entrainment index to form an empirical calculation formula S s ＝aq 2 +bq+c, and calculating a daily sand entrainment index corresponding to the daily flow rate.
Step 3, calibrating and verifying sand entrainment calculation parameters of the reference river, wherein the implementation mode is as follows,
step 31, the measured sediment parameters of the mountain river are less, sediment settling speed data are difficult to obtain, and sediment settling speed omega and constant gravity acceleration g are directly combined into a sediment settling force calculation formula when sediment settling force is calculatedThe original parameters k and m of (a) are converted into parameters k 'and m', respectively, and the sand entrainment force calculation formula can be rewritten as +.>Wherein the sand-carrying force index->Can be obtained by step 23, i.e. S * '＝k'S s m′ ；
Step 32, obtaining sand entrainment force through the actual measurement daily average flow rate of the river 2 and the steps 23 and 31, taking the conversion parameters delta of the sand entrainment force and the sand content into consideration, comparing the actual measurement sand content data, controlling according to the accuracy that the calculated sand content deviation is not more than 40%, and calibrating the sand entrainment force initial value calculation parameters k 'and m'.
Step 4, calculating the sand entrainment correction coefficient of the reference river, wherein the implementation mode is as follows,
step 41, according to the characteristic that the runoff process of the mountain river is suddenly increased and suddenly decreased and the characteristic that the sand conveying basically occurs in the process of rapidly increasing the flow, a calculation formula of a sand entrainment force correction coefficient zeta is providedQ i And Q i+1 Daily average flow rates of the i th day and the i+1 th day are respectively expressed as m3/s;
step 42, calculating a sand entrainment correction coefficient zeta based on the initial value of sand entrainment calculated in step 32 and further according to the actual measurement flow and the sand content fluctuation process calibration parameter gamma;
step 43, further verifying the water-flow sand-carrying force calculation formulas calculated in the steps 32 and 42 by adopting the measured sand content data of other years of the river 2If the calculated annual sand amount deviation from the measured value is less than 20%, and the sand content peak value deviation from the measured value is less than 20%, the rated parameters are considered to be effective, otherwise, the steps 2 and 3 are repeated for rating again.
Step 5, calculating the sediment transport amount of the river in the mountain area without sediment data, wherein the implementation mode is as follows,
step 51, calculating sand entrainment index according to measured flow, velocity, water depth and other data of river 1Establishing a correlation relation between the flow rate and the measured flow rate q, and fitting to form an empirical calculation formula S s ＝aq 2 +bq+c, obtaining a corresponding daily sand entrainment index according to the daily flow, and performing the same calculation method as the steps 22 to 23;
step 52, calculating a conversion parameter delta of sand entrainment and sand content, wherein the calculation method is the same as the step 21;
step 53, calculating the sand-carrying capacity of river 1 by using the parameters k ', m' and gamma after the calibration of river 2And is converted into daily sand content S according to the parameter delta c 。
Step 54, calculating the average daily sand content S according to the measured average daily flow Q and the step 53 c Calculating annual sand amount of river 1The unit of sand content is kg/m3, and the unit of annual sand delivery is ten thousand t.
The specific steps of the examples are as follows:
step 1: from the basic principle of sand production and sand transportation, the basin similarity analysis is mainly considered from two aspects of rainfall characteristics and sand transportation modulus: on one hand, the sand transportation moduli of the two sides of the three gorges reservoir area have obvious differences, so that the reference river 2 is on the same side of the river 1 to be solved; on the other hand, the mountain area river abortion sand transportation is mainly related to high-intensity rainfall, the relation of the annual maximum 7-day rainfall of the branches on the same shore side is shown as figure 2, and it can be seen that the annual maximum 7-day rainfall of the adjacent branches on the same shore side has a certain corresponding relation, such as the canal streams and the Xiaojiang river on the left shore side, and the rainfall process has a certain similarity. Therefore, the current branch river with data is selected as a reference object for the calibration and verification of the calculation parameters, and the annual sand delivery amount calculation is performed on the stream without data branch canal.
Step 2: the section change data of the cross-section hot spring station 2015-2020 in the cross-section hot spring station is shown in fig. 3, the main river channel of the cross section is accumulated to be in a scouring undercut state, but simultaneously the side slope of the right bank is deposited towards the river center, so that the overall change of the cross-section water passing area is smaller, the overall scouring of the cross section is balanced, and the conversion parameter delta of sand entrainment and sand content can be approximately taken as 1. According to the measured flow, section flow velocity and water depth data of the hydrologic station of the hot spring station of the Xiaojiang river, sand entrainment indexes are calculated, the correlation between the measured flow and the sand entrainment indexes of each year is analyzed as shown in figure 4, corresponding empirical calculation formulas of each year are formed, the correlation between the measured flow and the sand entrainment indexes of each year is good, the correlation coefficient is basically close to or exceeds 0.95, and the daily sand entrainment indexes corresponding to the daily average flow of each year are calculated according to the correlation coefficient.
Step 3: according to the daily sand content data of the hot spring station of the Xiaojiang river and the daily sand entrainment index obtained in the step 2, a calculation formula is calculated according to the adjusted initial sand entrainment valueAnd (3) controlling the calculated parameters k 'and m' of the sand-carrying force by using the precision that the initial value of the sand-carrying force is not more than 40% compared with the actual measurement of the average daily sand content, wherein the values of the calculated parameters k 'and m' are respectively 1.1 and 0.4.
Step 4: the average daily flow process and the initial sand-carrying force are synthesized, and a calculation formula is calculated according to the final sand-carrying force valueThe accuracy that the annual sand delivery deviation is not more than 20% and the sand content peak deviation is not more than 20% is used as double control to further rate the sand entrainment correction coefficient +.>The value range of the parameter gamma after calibration is between 0.60 and 0.90. Compared with the calculated sand content and the actually measured sand content in 2015, the calculated sand content and the actually measured sand content are shown in figure 5, on one hand, the daily average process of the calculated sand content and the actually measured sand content is high in consistency, on the other hand, the actually measured maximum daily average sand content is 5.23kg/m3, the calculated daily average maximum sand content is 4.33kg/m3, the deviation is 17.2%, the actually measured annual sand content is 63.9 ten thousand t, the calculated annual sand content is 63.5 ten thousand t, the calculated annual sand content and the actually measured sand content are very close, and the parameter rating is completed. The average daily sand content in the Xiaojiang hot spring station 2020 is calculated according to the steps 2, 3 and 4 by using the rated coefficients as shown in figure 6Meanwhile, the calculated daily average sand content is 2.70kg/m3, the calculated daily average maximum sand content is 3.10kg/m3, the deviation is 14.8%, the calculated annual sand content is 54.3 ten thousand t, the calculated annual sand content is 53.8 ten thousand t, the calculated annual sand content and the calculated daily average sand content are very close, and the parameters are verified to be effective.
Step 5: according to the collected observed data of measured flow, section elevation, flow velocity, water depth and the like of two river stations of the canal stream, the section change in the sleeve flow 2015-2020 is as shown in fig. 7, the section flushing change is small, and the conversion parameter delta of sand carrying force and sand content can be approximately 1. The sand entrainment index is calculated, the correlation between the measured flow rate and the sand entrainment index in each year is analyzed as shown in fig. 8, a corresponding empirical calculation formula in each year is formed, the correlation between the measured flow rate and the sand entrainment index in each year is good, the correlation coefficient is basically close to or exceeds 0.99, and the daily sand entrainment index corresponding to the daily flow rate in each year is calculated according to the correlation. Calculating the water sand entrainment force of two river stations of the canal stream according to the calculated parameters k ', m' and gamma of the sand entrainment force calibrated and verified by the hot spring station of the Xiaojiang riverAnd is converted into daily sand content S according to the parameter delta c The relation between the calculated sand content process and the actual measured daily average flow process is shown as figure 9, accords with the natural attribute of the mountain river large water sand transportation, and has better embodying degree of the peak process. And according to the estimated annual sand delivery amount of the canal stream in 2015-2020 is between 4.2 and 9.1 ten thousand t, and the average annual sand delivery amount is 6.25 ten thousand t.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and various modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. The method for calculating the sediment transport amount of the river in the sediment-free data mountain area is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, data collection, namely selecting a reference river according to the collected data;
step 2, calculating an empirical relationship between actual measured river flow and sand entrainment indexes;
step 3, calibrating and verifying sand entrainment calculation parameters of the reference river;
step 4, calculating a sand entrainment correction coefficient of the reference river;
and 5, calculating the sediment transport amount of the river in the mountain area without sediment data.
2. The method for calculating the sediment transport amount of the river in the sediment-free data mountain area according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the data is collected, the specific step of selecting the reference river according to the collected data is,
step 11, collecting river basin characteristic parameters of the river in the mountain area without sediment data, including vegetation coverage and rainfall capacity of the river basin in the mountain area without sediment data, and actually measured flow, section elevation, flow velocity and water depth of a river control hydrologic station in the mountain area without sediment data;
step 12, collecting river basin characteristic parameters of a mountain river with sediment observation data, which are adjacent to a river without sediment data, wherein the river basin characteristic parameters comprise vegetation coverage and rainfall capacity of the mountain river basin with sediment observation data, and actual measurement flow, actual measurement sand content, section elevation, flow velocity and water depth of a river control hydrological station with sediment observation data;
and 13, carrying out river basin similarity analysis on the river with sediment observation data mountain areas and the river with sediment observation data adjacent to the river with sediment observation data mountain areas, and finally selecting the river with sediment observation data mountain areas with similar vegetation coverage, rainfall, section silt flushing change and flow processes as a reference river for parameter calibration verification.
3. The method for calculating the sediment transport amount of the river in the sediment-free data mountain area according to claim 2, wherein in the step 2, the empirical relation between the actual measurement flow rate and the sand entrainment index of the river is calculated and referred to specifically,
step 21, judging the sand conveying shape of the river according to the section change diagrams of different years of the cross section observation data of the river control hydrologic stationIn the state, if the section is in a siltation trend, the sand-carrying force S of the water flow * Less than the sand content S c Conversely, if the section is less in erosion and precipitation or has a tendency to wash, the sand-carrying force S * Equal to or greater than the sand content S c Determining conversion parameters of sand-carrying capacity and sand content according to the siltation amplitude of sectionA represents the water passing area of the section under a certain calculated water level, and the unit is m 2 The lower right corner mark indicates time, and in year, under the condition that no special event such as landslide or mud-rock flow occurs, the overall change of the river bed form of the mountain area river is small, and the sand transportation is always in an unsaturated state, so that the delta value is approximately 0.9-1.0, namely S c ≤S * ；
Step 22, calculating sand entrainment index according to measured flow, section flow velocity and water depth data of the river control hydrologic stationU is the average flow velocity of the section, the unit is m/s, h is the average water depth of the section, and the unit is m;
step 23, analyzing the correlation between the measured flow and sand entrainment index to form an empirical calculation formula S s ＝aq 2 +bq+c, q is the measured flow rate, a, b, c are constants, and the average sand-carrying index corresponding to the average flow rate is calculated according to the measured flow rate.
4. The method for calculating the sand transportation amount of the river in the mountain area without sediment data according to claim 3, wherein in the step 3, the calculation parameters for calibrating and verifying the sand transportation amount of the reference river are specifically,
step 31, when calculating sand-carrying capacity, directly combining sediment settling speed omega and constant gravity acceleration g into a sand-carrying capacity calculation formulaThe original parameters k and m of (a) are converted into parameters k 'and m', respectively, and the sand entrainment force calculation formula can be rewritten as +.>Wherein the sand-carrying force index->Can be obtained by step 23, i.e. S * '＝k'S s m′ ；
Step 32, obtaining sand entrainment by referring to the actual measurement daily average flow of the river, the step 23 and the step 31, taking the conversion parameter delta of the sand entrainment and the sand content into consideration, comparing the actual measurement sand content data, controlling according to the accuracy that the calculated sand content deviation is not more than 40%, and calibrating the sand entrainment initial value calculation parameters k 'and m'.
5. The method for calculating sediment transport amount of a river in a sediment-free data mountain area according to claim 4, wherein in the step 4, the sand entrainment correction factor of the reference river is calculated specifically,
step 41, according to the characteristics of steep rising and falling in the mountain river runoff process and the characteristics of sand conveying basically occurring in the rapid rising process of the flow, a calculation formula of a sand entrainment force correction coefficient zeta is providedQ i And Q i+1 Daily average flow for days i and i+1, respectively, in m 3 /s；
Step 42, further determining a parameter gamma according to the actual measurement flow and the fluctuation process of the sand content on the basis of the initial value of the sand entrainment calculated in the step 32, and calculating a sand entrainment correction coefficient zeta;
step 43, further verifying the water-carrying sand-carrying force calculation formulas calculated in the steps 32 and 42 by referring to the measured sand content data of other years of the riverIf the calculated deviation between the annual sand amount and the measured value is less than 20%, the deviation between the peak value of the sand content and the measured value is calculatedIf the parameter is smaller than 20%, the rated parameter is considered to be effective, otherwise, the step 2 and the step 3 are repeated for rating again.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein in the step 5, the sediment transport amount of the sediment-free mountain river is calculated by,
step 51, calculating sand entrainment indexes of the mountain river without sediment data according to the measured flow rate, the flow velocity and the water depth data of the mountain river without sediment data, establishing a correlation between the sand entrainment indexes of the mountain river without sediment data and the measured flow rate q, fitting to form an empirical calculation formula, and obtaining corresponding daily sand entrainment indexes according to daily flow rates;
step 52, calculating conversion parameters of sand entrainment and sand content of the river in the mountain area without sediment data;
step 53, calculating the water-flow sand entrainment of the river in the silt-free data mountain area by adopting parameters k ', m' and gamma after verification by referring to the river rate, and converting the water-flow sand entrainment and the sand content conversion parameters into the daily sand content of the river in the silt-free data mountain area according to the parameters;
step 54, calculating the annual sediment transport amount of the sediment-free mountain river according to the measured daily average flow Q and the daily sediment-free mountain river calculated in step 53The sand content is kg/m 3 Annual sand delivery unit is ten thousand t, q i For the measured flow on day i, S ci Is the sand content on day i.
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