CN116774274A - Controllable source coding random aliasing efficient seismic data acquisition method - Google Patents
Controllable source coding random aliasing efficient seismic data acquisition method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/003—Seismic data acquisition in general, e.g. survey design
- G01V1/005—Seismic data acquisition in general, e.g. survey design with exploration systems emitting special signals, e.g. frequency swept signals, pulse sequences or slip sweep arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/30—Analysis
- G01V1/301—Analysis for determining seismic cross-sections or geostructures
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
- G01V1/362—Effecting static or dynamic corrections; Stacking
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Abstract
The application provides a controllable source coding random aliasing efficient seismic data acquisition method, which comprises the following steps: grouping the controllable vibration sources according to the construction range of the single-day controllable vibration sources and the limitation of the number of vibration sources; according to the requirement of geological targets on frequency bands and the number of seismic source groups, respectively designing coding aliasing scanning signals of each seismic source; loading the coding aliasing scanning signals to corresponding controllable seismic source boxes and seismic instruments, and acquiring random aliasing seismic data; acquiring seismic data before or after correlation of a controllable seismic source, and sorting according to the encoded aliasing signals; preprocessing the sorted vibroseis seismic data, and respectively performing seismic profile superposition and imaging processing; and combining the coding aliasing seismic imaging sections to obtain a final seismic section. The seismic data obtained by the method has low aliasing degree, has no limit on distance and excitation time between the controllable vibration sources, can be excited immediately after the controllable vibration sources reach the point, improves the production efficiency, and reduces the acquisition cost.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of oilfield vibroseis seismic exploration, in particular to a vibroseis coding random aliasing efficient seismic data acquisition method.
Background
With the continuous progress of the vibroseis equipment, the vibroseis excitation technology is greatly improved. The current controllable source excitation technology mainly comprises the following steps: alternate scan, slide scan, high fidelity scan, independent scan, dynamic slide scan, pseudo random scan techniques, and the like. The techniques improve the efficiency of seismic acquisition, reduce the acquisition cost, finally obtain better data effects, and have been widely popularized and applied at home and abroad.
In order to meet the requirements of high-density exploration and low-cost exploration, the high-efficiency acquisition technology of the controllable seismic source becomes the most important scanning method, such as alternate scanning, sliding scanning, dynamic sliding scanning, ultra-efficient scanning and the like, the construction efficiency is varied from 2 kilo-cannons to 3 kilo-cannons, but along with the acceleration of the acquisition efficiency, the adjacent cannon interference becomes an outstanding problem, and the control of the controllable seismic source is generally realized by adopting a proper time-distance (T-D) rule so as to reduce the aliasing interference of seismic acquisition data, but heavier aliasing interference waves still exist, the fidelity of the seismic data is reduced, and the problem of low production efficiency exists.
In application number: 201310545312.6 discloses a method and a device for simultaneous excitation of controllable vibration source frequency division, which are a mode of independent scanning with constraint, have higher scanning efficiency, and separate a target scanning signal into a plurality of sub-signals with different or very small correlation frequency bands, thereby realizing simultaneous scanning without adjacent gun interference or with minimum interference. Due to the fact that simultaneous excitation is agreed, the construction efficiency is limited due to the influence of the time of the vibration reaching points, and strong interference can be generated when signals in the same frequency range are scanned simultaneously during three-dimensional construction, so that the signal to noise ratio is reduced, and the data quality is reduced. The ultra-efficient aliasing acquisition technology adopts a plurality of groups of controllable seismic sources to perform autonomous excitation construction, a seismic instrument adopts a microseism recording mode to perform construction, the average daily effect reaches 3 ten thousand cannons, the sliding scanning TD rule is applied, the distance is relatively close, the adjacent cannon interference is very serious, the noise separation is performed by depending on the processing technology, and the fidelity processing difficulty is extremely high.
In application number: in the chinese patent application CN202010013593.0, a method and apparatus for matching seismic data acquired by mixing a well gun and a controllable seismic source are related, where the method includes: adjusting the controllable source record and the well cannon record in the seismic data to the same energy level; extracting a well gun record and a controllable seismic source record from seismic data, and performing minimum phasing on the controllable seismic source record to obtain a controllable seismic source record after phase conversion; denoising the controlled source record and the well cannon record after phase conversion; performing longitudinal energy compensation on the denoised vibroseis record and the denoised wellgun record; the phase of the controllable seismic source record after longitudinal energy compensation is adjusted to be a mixed phase; superposing the controllable seismic source record with the mixed phase and the well cannon record subjected to longitudinal energy compensation to obtain superposition data; and eliminating the time difference between the controllable source record and the well gun record in the superposition data. The scheme realizes a matching method which is more comprehensive in consideration and has stronger adaptability to the well-seismic combined acquisition data with low signal-to-noise ratio.
In application number: in the chinese patent application CN201510272528.9, a method for imaging vibroseis aliasing data based on frequency division dynamic coding is related, where the method for imaging vibroseis aliasing data based on frequency division dynamic coding includes: step 1, inputting a seismic source and a gun record; step 2, reconstructing a seismic source wave field and a receiving wave field before encoding after wave field continuation is carried out on the seismic source and the gun record through the wave field; step 3, inputting a frequency division coding matrix; step 4, coding the source wave field and the receiving wave field by using a coding matrix; step 5, imaging the encoded source wave field and the encoded receiving wave field; and step 6, outputting an imaging result. The controllable focus aliasing data imaging method based on frequency division dynamic coding can reduce crosstalk noise generated in aliasing data offset and reduce the calculated amount of offset to improve efficiency.
The prior art is greatly different from the method, so that a controllable source scanning method with higher scanning efficiency and smaller aliasing interference is needed to be developed, and the method for acquiring the controllable source coding random aliasing efficient seismic data is invented, so that the technical problems are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a method for acquiring high-efficiency and high-fidelity seismic data of a controllable seismic source, which aims at the problem that aliasing interference is easy to generate in the high-efficiency and high-fidelity seismic source acquisition.
The aim of the application can be achieved by the following technical measures: the method for acquiring the vibroseis coding random aliasing high-efficiency seismic data comprises the following steps of:
step 1, grouping the controllable vibration sources according to the construction range of the controllable vibration sources on a single day and the limitation of the number of vibration sources;
step 2, respectively designing coding aliasing scanning signals of each seismic source according to the requirements of geological targets on frequency bands and the number of seismic source groups;
step 3, loading the coding aliasing scanning signals to corresponding controllable seismic source boxes and seismic instruments, and acquiring random aliasing seismic data;
step 4, acquiring the seismic data before or after the correlation of the controllable seismic source, and sorting according to the coding aliasing signals;
step 5, preprocessing the sorted vibroseis seismic data, and respectively performing seismic profile superposition and imaging processing;
and 6, merging the coding aliasing seismic imaging sections to obtain a final seismic section.
The aim of the application can be achieved by the following technical measures:
in the step 1, according to the number of controllable vibration sources input in projects, dividing the controllable vibration sources into M groups according to a construction method, wherein each group contains N groups of controllable vibration control, the number of groups in each group can be unequal, each group serves as an excitation unit, and then a plurality of groups are allocated to tasks according to the terrain difficulty level and the construction scope of a single day.
In step 2, according to the requirement of geological targets on frequency bands, designing controllable seismic source scanning parameters, then designing M groups of coding aliasing scanning signals according to the large number of groups in step 1, designing N sections of coding aliasing scanning signals in each group, wherein the association coefficient between every two designed coding aliasing scanning signals is not 0.7, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing aliasing interference.
In step 2, according to the burial depth of the target layer, the same coding aliasing scanning signals are applied to the controllable seismic source groups with a certain distance, so as to reduce the number of scanning signal groups.
In the step 2, when the target layer is shallower, the distance D is more than or equal to 3km, and when the target layer is deeper, the distance D is more than or equal to 6km.
In step 3, according to the serial number group of the controllable seismic source, the corresponding coding aliasing scanning signals are respectively loaded into the controllable seismic source box body and the earthquake instrument, the scanning excitation is immediately started according to the coding scanning signals loaded in advance after the controllable seismic source arrives at the point, and the earthquake instrument records the earthquake data before or after the correlation.
In the step 3, each excitation point in each large-group construction range is required to be excited by N groups of coding aliasing scanning signals respectively; if the controllable vibration sources are fewer, a small group can also finish N groups of coding aliasing scanning excitation respectively; if the signal-to-noise ratio of the collected seismic data is higher, the excitation points of the middle and low frequency bands can be properly thinned.
In step 4, the vibroseis scans and excites, seismic data before or after correlation is obtained, and seismic data sorting is performed according to the encoded aliasing signals, namely the vibroseis group numbers.
In step 5, if the acquired seismic data is data before correlation, performing correlation operation according to the corresponding vibroseis encoded aliasing signals to obtain correlated seismic data; then, according to the frequency and signal-to-noise ratio characteristics of the seismic data, pre-stack denoising and static correction are respectively carried out on the sorted data; and finally, respectively carrying out seismic section superposition and imaging processing on the sorted seismic data.
The method for acquiring the controllable earthquake focus coding random aliasing high-efficiency earthquake data establishes an implementation flow of the controllable earthquake focus coding random aliasing high-efficiency earthquake data acquisition method, realizes the instant excitation after any controllable earthquake focus arrives at a point through the controllable earthquake focus coding aliasing scanning signal, has no limitation of T-D rules of distance and excitation time between the controllable earthquake focuses, improves the production efficiency, acquires the earthquake data, has the characteristics of low aliasing interference degree and high fidelity, performs sorting, superposition and imaging processing according to the coding aliasing signal, and improves the quality of the acquired earthquake data.
The obtained seismic data has low aliasing interference degree and high fidelity, and the construction is free from the limitation of T-D rules of distance and excitation time between the controllable seismic sources, and the random controllable seismic sources are excited immediately after reaching the point, so that the production efficiency is improved, and the acquisition cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of one embodiment of a method of vibroseis encoded random aliased efficient seismic data acquisition in accordance with the present application;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a vibroseis packet distribution and its encoded sweep signal encoding parameters and correlation coefficients between encoded signals according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a first set of code aliasing scanning signals according to an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a second set of code aliasing scanning signals according to an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 5 is a superimposed cross-sectional view of a conventional dynamic sliding scan (up) and the present code random aliased scan (down) acquisition in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a first set of code aliasing scanning signals according to another embodiment of the application;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a second set of code aliasing scanning signals according to another embodiment of the application;
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating correlation coefficients between encoded signals according to another embodiment of the present application;
fig. 9 is a superimposed cross-sectional view of a conventional dynamic sliding scan (up) and the present code random aliased scan (down) acquisition in another embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below, wherein the embodiments are described in detail only in some but not all embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the application.
Grouping the controllable seismic sources according to the limit of a single-day controllable seismic source construction range and the number of the seismic sources, respectively designing coding aliasing scanning signals of each seismic source by combining the requirement of a geological target on a frequency band and the number of the seismic source groups, loading the coding aliasing scanning signals to corresponding controllable seismic source boxes and seismic instruments, acquiring random aliasing seismic data under the condition that the distance between the controllable seismic sources and the T-D rule of excitation time are not limited, acquiring the controllable seismic data, sorting and preprocessing according to the coding aliasing signals, and finally respectively carrying out seismic profile superposition and imaging processing, and carrying out combination of all coding profiles to obtain a final seismic profile.
The application relates to a controllable source coding random aliasing efficient seismic data acquisition method, which comprises the following steps of:
step 1, grouping the controllable vibration sources according to the construction range of the controllable vibration sources on a single day and the limitation of the number of vibration sources;
step 2, respectively designing coding aliasing scanning signals of each seismic source according to the requirements of geological targets on frequency bands and the number of seismic source groups;
step 3, loading the coding aliasing scanning signals to corresponding controllable seismic source boxes and seismic instruments, and acquiring random aliasing seismic data;
step 4, acquiring the seismic data before or after the correlation of the controllable seismic source, and sorting according to the coding aliasing signals;
step 5, preprocessing the sorted vibroseis seismic data, and respectively performing seismic profile superposition and imaging processing;
and 6, merging the coding aliasing seismic imaging sections to obtain a final seismic section.
The following are several specific examples of the application of the present application.
Example 1:
in a specific embodiment 1 to which the present application is applied, as shown in fig. 1, a flowchart of a method for acquiring vibroseis encoded random aliasing efficient seismic data according to the present application is shown.
In step 101, according to the number of controllable vibration sources put into the project, dividing the controllable vibration sources into M groups according to the construction method, wherein each group contains N groups of controllable vibration control, the number of groups in each group can be unequal, each group serves as an excitation unit, and then a plurality of groups are allocated to tasks according to the terrain difficulty level and the construction scope of a single day. Step 102 is performed simultaneously.
In step 102, a controllable source scanning parameter is designed according to the requirement of a geological target on a frequency band, then M groups of coding aliasing scanning signals are designed according to the large number of groups in step 101, N sections of coding aliasing scanning signals are designed in each group, and the correlation coefficient between every two designed coding aliasing scanning signals is not 0.7, so that the purpose of reducing aliasing interference is achieved.
In step 102, the same encoded aliasing scanning signals can be applied to the controllable seismic source group with a certain distance according to the burial depth of the target layer, so as to reduce the number of scanning signal groups, wherein in general, when the target layer is shallower, the distance D is more than or equal to 3km, and when the target layer is deeper, the distance D is more than or equal to 6km. Step 103 is performed simultaneously.
In step 103, according to the serial number group of the controllable seismic source, the corresponding coding aliasing scanning signals are loaded into the controllable seismic source box and the earthquake instrument respectively, the scanning excitation is started immediately after the controllable seismic source arrives at the point according to the coding scanning signals loaded in advance, and the earthquake instrument records the earthquake data before or after the correlation.
In step 103, each excitation point in each large-group construction range should be excited by N groups of encoded aliasing scanning signals; if the controllable vibration sources are fewer, a small group can also finish N groups of coding aliasing scanning excitation respectively; if the signal-to-noise ratio of the collected seismic data is higher, the excitation points of the middle and low frequency bands can be properly thinned. Step 104 is performed simultaneously.
In step 104, the vibroseis scans and excites, acquires pre-correlation or post-correlation seismic data, and sorts the seismic data according to the encoded aliasing signal, i.e., the vibroseis group number.
In step 105, if the acquired seismic data is pre-correlation data, performing correlation operation according to the corresponding vibroseis encoded aliasing signal to obtain correlated seismic data; then, according to the frequency and signal-to-noise ratio characteristics of the seismic data, pre-stack denoising, static correction and other preprocessing works are respectively carried out on the sorted data; and finally, respectively carrying out seismic section superposition and imaging processing on the sorted seismic data.
In step 106, the encoded aliased seismic imaging profiles are combined to obtain a final seismic profile.
Example 2:
in embodiment 2 to which the present application is applied, as shown in fig. 2, the grouping distribution of the controllable seismic sources, the encoding parameters of the encoded scanning signals, and the correlation coefficients between the encoded signals are shown; as shown in fig. 3 and 4, two sets of encoded aliasing scanning signals are schematically shown, and a final seismic profile is obtained by random aliasing excitation and processing, as shown in fig. 5. The specific implementation comprises the following steps:
in the step 1, 9 controllable vibration sources are put into, 1 is adopted for 1 construction, the controllable vibration sources can be divided into 3 groups, each group comprises 3 controllable vibration controllers, the controllable vibration sources are divided into three areas according to the range of a work area, the distance between the areas reaches 7km, therefore, the construction requirement can be met by designing 2 groups of coding aliasing scanning signals, and M1 groups and M3 groups share one group of coding scanning signals, as shown in figure 2.
In the step 2, according to the requirement of geological targets on frequency bands, controllable source scanning parameters with scanning frequency of 1.5-96Hz, scanning length of 30s and start-stop slope length of 300ms-300ms are designed, then two groups of coding aliasing scanning signals can be designed according to the distance between controllable sources of 7km, 3 sections of coding aliasing scanning signals are arranged in each group, and the designed coding parameters are respectively: the scanning lengths of the first group of S1, S2 and S3 coding signals are 8.5S, 11.5S and 10S respectively, and the scanning frequencies are 1.5-16Hz, 14-59.5Hz and 57.5-96Hz respectively; the second group of S4, S5 and S6 code signals have scanning lengths of 12S, 12S and 6S respectively, the scanning frequencies are 1.5-29Hz, 27-74.5Hz and 72.5-96Hz respectively, and the correlation coefficient between every two code aliasing scanning signals is calculated to be not 0.7, so that the aim of reducing aliasing interference is fulfilled, as shown in figure 2.
In step 3, according to the serial number groups of the controllable vibration sources, S1, S2 and S3 coding scanning signals are respectively loaded into M1 and M3 groups of controllable vibration source boxes, S4, S5 and S6 coding scanning signals are loaded into M2 groups of controllable vibration source boxes, S1-S6 are loaded into a seismic instrument, scanning excitation is immediately started according to the coding scanning signals loaded in advance after the controllable vibration source arrives at a point, and the seismic instrument records seismic data before or after correlation. The waveforms of the encoded aliasing scanning signals are shown in fig. 3 and 4.
In step 4, the controllable seismic source scans and excites to obtain the seismic data before correlation, and the seismic data sorting is carried out according to the encoded aliasing signals, namely the controllable seismic source group numbers.
In step 5, performing correlation operation on the acquired seismic data before correlation and the corresponding coding aliasing signals respectively to obtain correlated seismic data; then, according to the frequency and signal-to-noise ratio characteristics of the seismic data, pre-stack denoising, static correction and other preprocessing works are respectively carried out on the sorted data; and finally, respectively carrying out seismic section superposition and imaging processing on the sorted seismic data.
In step 6, the encoded aliased seismic imaging profiles are combined to obtain a final seismic profile, as shown in fig. 5, compared with the conventional dynamic sliding scanning, the encoded random aliased acquisition profile has higher signal-to-noise ratio and resolution, better data quality and higher acquisition efficiency.
Example 3:
in the embodiment 3 of the application, two groups of controllable seismic source coding aliasing scanning signals of two sections of each group are designed according to the number of input controllable seismic sources and the construction requirement to carry out coding random aliasing construction. According to the requirements of geological targets on frequency bands, controllable source scanning parameters of 2-84Hz of scanning frequency, 26s of scanning length and 300-300 ms of start-stop slope length are designed.
The designed coding parameters are respectively as follows: the scanning lengths of the first group of K1 and K2 coding signals are respectively 12s and 14s, and the scanning frequencies are respectively 2-27.5Hz and 24.5-84Hz; the second group of K3 and K4 code signals have the scanning lengths of 18s and 8s respectively and the scanning frequencies of 2-46.5Hz and 44.5-84Hz respectively, as shown in fig. 6 and 7, and the correlation coefficient between every two code aliasing scanning signals is calculated to be not 0.7, so that the aim of reducing aliasing interference is fulfilled, as shown in fig. 8.
According to the serial number groups of the controllable seismic sources, the coding scanning signals are respectively loaded into a controllable seismic source box body, scanning excitation is started immediately after the controllable seismic sources reach the points according to the coding scanning signals loaded in advance, and the seismic instrument records the seismic data before or after correlation.
Combining the encoded aliased seismic imaging profiles to obtain a final seismic profile, as shown in fig. 9, it can be seen that the profile resolution obtained by the encoded aliased acquisition method is improved, and the reflection information is more abundant.
According to the controllable earthquake focus coding random aliasing high-efficiency seismic data acquisition method, different scanning lengths and different scanning frequencies are used for carrying out coding scanning construction respectively, so that the correlation of scanning signals among controllable earthquake focuses is reduced, and the acquired seismic data has the characteristics of low aliasing interference degree and high fidelity; in addition, the method has no limitation of T-D rule of distance and excitation time among the controllable vibration sources in the acquisition process, the random controllable vibration sources are excited immediately after reaching the point, the production efficiency is improved, sorting, superposition and imaging processing are carried out according to the coding aliasing signals, and the quality of the acquired seismic data is improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application, but although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiment, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the technical solution described in the foregoing embodiment, or equivalents may be substituted for some of the technical features thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Other than the technical features described in the specification, all are known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. The method for acquiring the controllable source coding random aliasing high-efficiency seismic data is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, grouping the controllable vibration sources according to the construction range of the controllable vibration sources on a single day and the limitation of the number of vibration sources;
step 2, respectively designing coding aliasing scanning signals of each seismic source according to the requirements of geological targets on frequency bands and the number of seismic source groups;
step 3, loading the coding aliasing scanning signals to corresponding controllable seismic source boxes and seismic instruments, and acquiring random aliasing seismic data;
step 4, acquiring the seismic data before or after the correlation of the controllable seismic source, and sorting according to the coding aliasing signals;
step 5, preprocessing the sorted vibroseis seismic data, and respectively performing seismic profile superposition and imaging processing;
and 6, merging the coding aliasing seismic imaging sections to obtain a final seismic section.
2. The method for acquiring the vibroseis-encoded random aliasing efficient seismic data according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the vibroseis is divided into M groups according to the number of the vibroseis input according to projects and the construction method, each group contains controllable vibration control of N subgroups, the number of the subgroups in each group can be unequal, each subgroup is used as an excitation unit, and then tasks are allocated to a plurality of subgroups according to the terrain difficulty according to the construction range of a single day.
3. The method for acquiring the seismic data with random aliasing of the controllable source coding according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the controllable source scanning parameters are designed according to the requirement of a geological target on a frequency band, then M groups of coding aliasing scanning signals are designed according to the large number of groups in the step 1, N sections of coding aliasing scanning signals are designed in each group, and the correlation coefficient between every two designed coding aliasing scanning signals is not 0.7, so that the purpose of reducing aliasing interference is achieved.
4. The method for acquiring the vibroseis encoded random aliasing high-efficiency seismic data according to claim 3, wherein in the step 2, the same encoded aliasing scanning signals are applied to a vibroseis group selected from a certain distance according to the burial depth condition of a target layer so as to reduce the number of scanning signal groups.
5. The method for acquiring the vibroseis-encoded random-aliased efficient seismic data according to claim 4, wherein in the step 2, the distance D is selected to be more than or equal to 3km when the target layer is shallow, and the distance D is selected to be more than or equal to 6km when the target layer is deep.
6. The method for acquiring the seismic data with random aliasing of the controllable source codes according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, corresponding code aliasing scanning signals are respectively loaded into a controllable source box and a seismic instrument according to the serial number groups of the controllable source, the scanning excitation is started immediately after the controllable source arrives at a point according to the code scanning signals loaded in advance, and the seismic instrument records the seismic data before or after the correlation.
7. The method for acquiring vibroseis encoded random aliased efficient seismic data as claimed in claim 6, wherein in step 3, each excitation point in each large group of construction ranges is subjected to excitation of N groups of encoded aliased scan signals respectively; if the controllable vibration sources are fewer, a small group can also finish N groups of coding aliasing scanning excitation respectively; if the signal-to-noise ratio of the collected seismic data is higher, the excitation points of the middle and low frequency bands can be properly thinned.
8. The method for acquiring the vibroseis encoded random aliased efficient seismic data according to claim 1, wherein in step 4, the vibroseis is scanned and excited to acquire seismic data before or after correlation, and the seismic data is sorted according to the encoded aliased signal, i.e., the vibroseis group number.
9. The method for acquiring vibroseis-encoded random aliased efficient seismic data according to claim 1, wherein in step 5, if the acquired seismic data is pre-correlation data, correlation operations are performed according to corresponding vibroseis-encoded aliased signals to obtain correlated seismic data; then, according to the frequency and signal-to-noise ratio characteristics of the seismic data, pre-stack denoising and static correction are respectively carried out on the sorted data; and finally, respectively carrying out seismic section superposition and imaging processing on the sorted seismic data.
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