CN116768733A - Aryl cyclic ammonium salt arylation and silicon-based method - Google Patents

Aryl cyclic ammonium salt arylation and silicon-based method Download PDF

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CN116768733A
CN116768733A CN202310725363.0A CN202310725363A CN116768733A CN 116768733 A CN116768733 A CN 116768733A CN 202310725363 A CN202310725363 A CN 202310725363A CN 116768733 A CN116768733 A CN 116768733A
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ammonium salt
aryl
magnesium bromide
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silicon
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王中夏
钟宝健
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University of Science and Technology of China USTC
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University of Science and Technology of China USTC
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Abstract

The invention discloses an aryl ring ammonium salt arylation and silicon-based method, which can respectively synthesize aliphatic amine compounds containing biphenyl and silicon groups. Both systems adopt cyclic ammonium salt as electrophilic raw materials, nickel sources with different valence states are used as catalysts, aryl magnesium bromide and silicon lithium reagent are respectively used as nucleophilic reagents, the reaction is stirred for 16 hours at 80 ℃ in the presence of a ligand, and the two reactions can obtain corresponding target products with higher yield, and the reaction has the advantages of mild conditions, excellent yield, better functional group tolerance and the like.

Description

Aryl cyclic ammonium salt arylation and silicon-based method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of synthesis and application of organic compounds, and particularly relates to an arylation and silicon-based method of aryl cyclic ammonium salt.
Background
Amine compounds are widely available in nature and can be used for the synthesis of many functional and pharmaceutical molecules, with regard to their synthesis and transformation being of great importance in industry and in the field of synthesis. The aryl cyclic ammonium salt is used as electrophile to realize the synthesis of fatty amine compounds, arylThe cyclic ammonium salt has higher reactivity and can exist in nature stably (sp 2 ) The cleavage of the C-N bond enables different functionalization of itself and enables percent conversion of atoms. Aryl and silicon-based are important research subjects in the synthesis field, aryl cyclic ammonium salt arylation and silicon-based can be used for synthesizing fatty amine compounds containing biphenyl and silicon-based, and the fatty amine compounds containing biphenyl are partial industrial raw material precursors and can be widely used in industry, agriculture and dyes; while organosilicon compounds are also important synthetic intermediates, and have important roles in the synthesis field. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop two mild reaction systems to achieve arylation and silylation of aryl cyclic ammonium salts.
At present, there are several reports of methods for arylating chain aryl ammonium salts. For example, as early as 1988, "chemical communications" (J.chem. Soc. Chem. Commun.1988, 975.) reports the cross-coupling reaction of aryl ammonium salts with aryl Grignard reagents, which uses 10% equivalent of triphenylphosphine palladium chloride as catalyst, without additional addition of ligand, the system uses THF as solvent, and can be stirred at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain higher product yield, the reaction substrate has wider application range, mild and rapid reaction, and good practical value; in 2017, german application chemistry (Angew.chem.int.ed.2011, 50,4901.) reports that tricyclohexylphosphine nickel chloride catalyzes the cross-coupling reaction of aryl ammonium salt and aryl zinc reagent, ligand is not needed to be added in the reaction, THF and NMP with the volume ratio of 1:1 are used as reaction solvents, the reaction is mild, the substrate range is wide, and the aryl ammonium salt with different electrical substituents and the heterocyclic ammonium salt with large polarity can be obtained in good yields. The system can better resist most active functional groups such as carbonyl, cyano, ester groups and the like, and has a higher practical value; ni (cod) was also reported in U.S. chemical society (J.Am. Chem. Soc.2003,125, 6046.) 2003 2 And aza-carbene IMes & HCl to catalyze the cross-coupling reaction of aryl ammonium salt and phenylboronic acid, weak base cesium fluoride is added to the reaction, dioxane is used as a reaction solvent, and very excellent product yield can be obtained. The application range of the reacted substrate is very wide, the beltThe aryl ammonium salt and aryl boric acid with different electrical property groups can obtain higher yield, and alkenyl boric acid can well react in the system and has higher practical value. However, the coupling reaction of the three chain aryl ammonium salts as electrophiles has the defects that the separation of C-N bonds of the three chain aryl ammonium salts can cause the leaving of amine groups, the atom economy is low, the three chain aryl ammonium salts cannot be used as nitrogen sources for synthesizing amine compounds, and the practicability is slightly reduced.
The aryl ammonium salt can also be used as a electrophilic raw material to participate in a silicon-based reaction to synthesize a fatty amine compound containing silicon. 2021 (org. Lett.2021,23,5988.) reports that metal-free catalytic cross-coupling of aryl ammonium salts with silicon-based borates using lithium t-butoxide as a base, THF as a solvent, a system that gives moderate to good yields of the target silylated products when reacted at 55 ℃ for 12 hours, which system exhibits only moderate yields of aryl ammonium salts without functional or neutral groups, but good reactivity of aryl ammonium salts with charged substituents, various functional groups such as methoxy, phenyl, trifluoromethyl, ester, cyano, etc. being tolerated in the system, provides an alternative to the silylation of aryl ammonium salts; ni (cod) was reported in 2019 "chemistry science" (chem. Sci.) 2 And IPr OMe HCl catalyzes cross coupling reaction of aryl ammonium salt and triethylsilane, dioxane is used as solvent in the reaction, silicon-based products can be obtained in good yield at 40 ℃, the range of substrates of the reaction is wider, the aryl ammonium salt with different electrical substituents can obtain excellent yield, the aryl ammonium salt with heterocyclic groups such as pyridyl and pyrazolyl also has good yield, and most of substituted aryl ammonium salt has good yield to PhMe 2 SiH、BnMe 2 SiH can be applied, corresponding silicon-based products can be generated, and the reaction has a certain practical value. Just like the above-mentioned arylation system of cyclic ammonium salt, cleavage of the C-N bond in the silylation system causes decrease in the leaving and atom utilization of amine group, and the overall yield of the silylation system is low, and its practicality is also greatly impaired.
One example of a coupling reaction of a cyclic ammonium salt, namely the reaction of an N, N-dimethylindoline ammonium salt with tetrahydroxydiboron, was reported in Ind 2016, american society of chemistry (J.Am. Chem. Soc.2016,138, 2985), which enabled the construction of the C-B bond while retaining the nitrogen-containing group. The reaction is a photoreaction and does not require a transition metal catalyst. In the same year, journal of organic chemistry also reports that nickel catalyzes the coupling reaction of cyclic ammonium salts and PinBBPin, and also realizes the construction of C-B bonds while retaining amino groups, and can be used for synthesizing boron-containing fatty amine compounds.
Therefore, two simple and mild systems are respectively developed to realize arylation and silicon-based alkylation of the aryl cyclic ammonium salt by using the aryl cyclic ammonium salt as a substrate, and the two methods can also be used for synthesizing fatty amine compounds containing biphenyl and silicon groups, so that the method has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
As described above, there have been many reports of arylation of a chain arylammonium salt, but when a chain arylammonium salt is used as an electrophile, it (sp 2 ) Breaking of the C-N bond causes the elimination of amine groups, which is less economical; and chain aryl ammonium salts are also frequently associated with demethylation reactions as electrophiles. Therefore, the invention uses aryl cyclic ammonium salt as electrophilic raw material, uses cheap and easily available aryl Grignard reagent and silicon lithium reagent as nucleophilic reagent, uses metallic nickel as system catalyst in both systems, uses tricyclohexylphosphine and diphenylcyclohexylphosphine as ligands, uses THF and toluene as solvents for two reactions, and can obtain fatty amine compound containing biphenyl and silicon base with very excellent yield after the system reacts for 16 hours at 80 ℃, thus having important application. In addition, the two types of reaction conditions are mild, the system is simple, the tolerance of the functional groups is good, and the practical value is high.
According to the arylation method of the aryl cyclic ammonium salt, aryl magnesium bromide is used as a nucleophilic reagent, and the biphenyl-containing fatty amine compound can be obtained by reacting for 16 hours at 80 ℃ in a solvent under anhydrous and anaerobic conditions in the presence of a catalyst and ligand combination.
The aryl cyclic ammonium salt is selected from compounds of the following structure:
in the general formula, R 1 Selected from H, methoxy, methyl, fluoro, chloro, and the like; r is R 2 Selected from H or methyl.
The aryl cyclic ammonium salt is specifically selected from 6-methoxytetrahydroquinoline quaternary ammonium salt, 6-methyltetrahydroquinoline quaternary ammonium salt, 6-fluorotetrahydroquinoline quaternary ammonium salt, 6-chlorotetrahydroquinoline quaternary ammonium salt, 2-methyltetrahydroquinoline quaternary ammonium salt, tetrahydroindole quaternary ammonium salt and the like.
The catalyst is selected from Ni (cod) 2 、Ni(acac) 2 、NiCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 Etc., the preferred catalyst for the arylation reaction is Ni (cod) 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The ligand is PCy 3 。
The aryl magnesium bromide R 3 MgBr is selected from p-methoxyphenylmagnesium bromide, p-methylphenylmagnesium bromide, m-methylphenylmagnesium bromide, 3, 5-dimethylphenylmagnesium bromide, p-dimethylaminophenylmagnesium bromide, 4-biphenylmagnesium bromide, 2-naphthylmagnesium bromide and the like.
The solvent is selected from THF, toluene, dioxane, etc., and the arylation reaction solvent is preferably THF.
The molar ratio of the aryl cyclic ammonium salt to the aryl magnesium bromide to the catalyst to the ligand is 1.0:2.0-3.0:0.05:0.1, and the preferable molar ratio is 1.0:3.0:0.05:0.1.
The reaction scheme is as follows:
R 3 is p-methoxyphenyl, p-methylphenyl, m-methylphenyl, 3, 5-dimethylphenyl, p-dimethylaminophenyl, 4-biphenyl, 2-naphthyl and the like.
According to the method for the silicon-based esterification of aryl cyclic ammonium salt, a silicon lithium reagent is used as a nucleophilic reagent, and a silicon-based aliphatic amine compound can be obtained by reacting for 16 hours at 80 ℃ in a solvent under anhydrous and anaerobic conditions in the presence of a catalyst and ligand combination.
The structural general formula of the aryl cyclic ammonium salt is shown as follows:
in the general formula, R 1 Selected from H, methoxy, methyl, fluoro, chloro, and the like; r is R 2 Selected from H or methyl.
The aryl cyclic ammonium salt is specifically selected from 6-methyltetrahydroquinoline quaternary ammonium salt, 6-fluorotetrahydroquinoline quaternary ammonium salt, 6-chlorotetrahydroquinoline quaternary ammonium salt, 2-methyltetrahydroquinoline quaternary ammonium salt and the like.
The catalyst is selected from Ni (cod) 2 、Ni(acac) 2 、NiCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 Etc. the preferred catalyst for the silylation reaction is NiCl 2 (dppe); the ligand is PPh 2 Cy。
The lithium silicon reagent is selected from phenyl dimethyl lithium silicon reagent and diphenyl methyl lithium silicon reagent.
The solvent is selected from THF, toluene, dioxane, etc., and the silylation reaction is preferably toluene.
The molar ratio of the aryl cyclic ammonium salt to the lithium silicate reagent to the catalyst to the ligand is 1.0:2.0-2.5:0.1:0.2, and the preferential molar ratio is 1.0:2.5:0.1:0.2.
The reaction scheme is as follows:
according to the invention, an electrophilic raw material aryl cyclic ammonium salt is prepared by adopting a tetrahydroquinoline methylation method, namely, quinoline is reduced into tetrahydroquinoline through tetrahydroxy diboron, and then the tetrahydroquinoline is subjected to two-step simple methylation under the protection of nitrogen to obtain a cyclic ammonium salt template product. Specifically, tetrahydroxydiborane (6.8 g,75 mmol) was added to a 250mL round bottom flask containing a stirrer, then 50mL of water and quinoline (2.0 g,15 mmol) were added, and the mixture was stirred at 90℃for 12 hours; after the completion of the reaction, cooled to room temperature, ethyl acetate (25 mL) was added to the mixture, the organic phase was separated, the aqueous phase was extracted twice with ethyl acetate (2×20 mL), the organic extracts were combined and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to obtain tetrahydroquinoline as a product.
Sodium hydride (1.0 g,40 mmol) was weighed into a Schlenk flask, 10mL of tetrahydrofuran was added and stirred. In another Schlenk flask was added tetrahydroquinoline (1.3 mL,10 mmol) and 10mL tetrahydrofuran. After stirring for five minutes, a tetrahydrofuran solution of tetrahydroquinoline was slowly added to the former Schlenk flask at 0 ℃, after continuing stirring for five minutes, methyl iodide (1.9 mL,30 mmol) was slowly added still at 0 ℃ and 5mL of tetrahydrofuran was added, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours, the reaction was stopped, water was added dropwise to the mixture until no more bubbles were generated, then ethyl acetate (25 mL) was added, the organic layer was separated, and the aqueous phase was extracted twice with ethyl acetate (2×20 mL). The combined organic extracts were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by column chromatography to give the starting precursor N-methyltetrahydroquinoline. Finally, the resulting N-methyltetrahydroquinoline (0.7 g,5 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous diethyl ether (10 mL), meOTf (0.7 mL,6.5 mmol) was added dropwise at 0deg.C, and after complete addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 4 hours. The filtrate was concentrated and washed with diethyl ether (2X 15 mL) and dried in vacuo to give the product.
Self-made aryl magnesium bromide and lithium silicon reagent and titrate its concentration:
magnesium turnings (0.30 g,12.5 mmol) were weighed into a Schlenk flask with stirrer, after three vacuums and nitrogen passes, 20mL tetrahydrofuran was added, followed by a small amount of elemental iodine. Equal amount of bromobenzene (1.3 mL,12.5 mmol) is extracted by a syringe and added into a reaction bottle, phMgBr can be obtained after stirring for 4 hours at room temperature, and the concentration of the PhMgBr is titrated by iodine simple substance under the condition of nitrogen; metallic lithium (0.14 g,20 mmol) was added to a Schlenk flask equipped with a stirrer under nitrogen, 10mL of tetrahydrofuran was added, the system was placed in an ice-water bath and stirred, phenyl dimethylchlorosilane (1.7 mL,10 mmol) was slowly added, then the reaction was placed in an ice-water bath and sonicated for 1-1.5 hours, after the color turned reddish brown, the reaction was transferred to a cryocooling tank and stirred for 12 hours, after room temperature was restored, the clear solution of the system was taken out under nitrogen to obtain the desired lithium silicon reagent. The concentration was obtained by titration of the THF solution of diphenylacetic acid with a lithium silicate reagent according to the method of kofren.
In the invention, THF and toluene are dehydrated, degassed and purified, and the system is reacted in an anhydrous and anaerobic nitrogen atmosphere.
The invention relates to a reaction method for arylating and silylating aryl cyclic ammonium salt, which comprises the following steps:
arylation: n, N-dimethyltetrahydroquinoline quaternary ammonium salt (62.0 mg,0.2 mmol) and Ni (cod) were weighed out 2 (2.7 mg,0.01 mmol) was added to a Schlenk flask containing a magnet, tricyclohexylphosphine (0.005 mmol) and arylmagnesium bromide (0.6 mmol) prepared in THF were added respectively, THF was added to the system to a total of about 2mL of solvent, the system was stirred at 80 ℃ for 16 hours, the reaction was stopped, water was added dropwise to the system until the grignard reagent was consumed completely, extraction was performed, the organic phase was concentrated in vacuo, and then separated and purified by neutral alumina column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography (eluent: DCM/meoh=10/1) to obtain the product.
And (3) siliconizing: into a nitrogen filled Schlenk flask containing a magneton was added successively the cyclic ammonium salt (62.0 mg,0.2 mmol), PCyPh 2 (10.8mg,0.04mmol)，NiCl 2 (dppe) (10.6 mg,0.02 mmol) and 0.5mL THF. Lithium silicon reagent (0.5 mmol) was added dropwise under stirring, THF of the system was replaced with toluene (2 mL) under nitrogen protection, and finally the reaction was stirred at 80 ℃ for 16 hours. After the reaction is completed, water is added dropwise to quench the redundant silicon lithium reagent, and the subsequent treatment steps are the same as those of the arylation reaction. The product obtained is still a colourless liquid.
The two reactions can respectively synthesize fatty amine compounds containing biphenyl and silicon base, the fatty amine compounds containing biphenyl are important industrial raw materials, can be widely used for medicines, pesticides, dyes and liquid crystal materials, and the organosilicon compounds are important synthesis intermediates and have important significance in the synthesis field. The invention can synthesize the aliphatic amine compound containing biphenyl and silicon base with excellent yield, has mild conditions and wide substrate range, and has higher practicability.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the reaction condition is mild; 2. the yield is excellent; 3. the reaction operation is simple and convenient; 4. the application range of the substrate is wide; 5. the atom utilization rate is high; 5. can synthesize the fatty amine compound containing biphenyl and silicon group.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a reaction product of a coupling reaction of tetrahydroquinoline quaternary ammonium salt with phenylmagnesium bromide 1 H NMR spectrum.
FIG. 2 is a reaction product of a coupling reaction of tetrahydroquinoline quaternary ammonium salt with phenylmagnesium bromide 13 C NMR spectrum.
FIG. 3 is a reaction product of a coupling reaction of a 6-methoxytetrahydroquinoline quaternary ammonium salt with phenylmagnesium bromide 1 H NMR spectrum.
FIG. 4 is a reaction product of a coupling reaction of a 6-methoxytetrahydroquinoline quaternary ammonium salt with phenylmagnesium bromide 13 C NMR spectrum.
FIG. 5 is a reaction product of a coupling reaction of a 6-methyltetrahydroquinoline quaternary ammonium salt with phenylmagnesium bromide 1 H NMR spectrum.
FIG. 6 is a reaction product of a coupling reaction of a 6-methyltetrahydroquinoline quaternary ammonium salt with phenylmagnesium bromide 13 C NMR spectrum.
FIG. 7 is a reaction product of a coupling reaction of tetrahydroindole quaternary ammonium salt with phenylmagnesium bromide 1 H NMR spectrum.
FIG. 8 is a reaction product of a coupling reaction of tetrahydroindole quaternary ammonium salt with phenylmagnesium bromide 13 C NMR spectrum.
FIG. 9 is a reaction product of a coupling reaction of tetrahydroquinoline quaternary ammonium salt with p-methylphenyl magnesium bromide 1 H NMR spectrum.
FIG. 10 is a reaction product of a coupling reaction of tetrahydroquinoline quaternary ammonium salt with p-methylphenyl magnesium bromide 13 C NMR spectrum.
FIG. 11 is a reaction product of a coupling reaction of a tetrahydroquinoline quaternary ammonium salt with a phenyl dimethyl lithium silicate reagent 1 H NMR spectrum.
FIG. 12 is a reaction product of a coupling reaction of a tetrahydroquinoline quaternary ammonium salt with a phenyl dimethyl lithium silicate reagent 13 C NMR spectrum.
FIG. 13 is a reaction product of a coupling reaction of a 6-methyltetrahydroquinoline quaternary ammonium salt with a phenyl dimethyl lithium silicate reagentA kind of electronic device 1 H NMR spectrum.
FIG. 14 is a reaction product of a coupling reaction of a 6-methyltetrahydroquinoline quaternary ammonium salt with a phenyl dimethyl lithium silicate reagent 13 C NMR spectrum.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further analyzed and described below by combining specific examples.
Example 1:
to a Schlenk flask filled with a magnet and nitrogen gas was added sequentially the cyclic ammonium salt (62.0 mg,0.2 mmol), ni (cod) 2 (2.7 mg,0.01 mmol), 0.02mmol PCy in THF 3 And 0.5mL THF. Aryl grignard reagent (0.6 mmol) was added dropwise with stirring, THF was added dropwise to the system to a total of about 2mL of reaction solvent, and the system was stirred at 80 ℃ for 16 hours. After the reaction, water is added dropwise to quench the excess grignard reagent, the mixture is extracted with ethyl acetate and dried, the obtained product is concentrated and separated and purified by neutral alumina column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography to obtain the product (eluent: dichloromethane/methanol=10/1), the product is colorless liquid, and the yield is 90%.
1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ7.43–7.37(m,2H),7.37–7.28(m,5H),7.25–7.18(m,2H),2.64–2.56(t,2H),2.18–2.13(t,2H),2.11(s,6H),1.57-1.65(m,J＝9.1,7.8,5.8Hz,2H). 13 C NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ142.01(2C),139.90,130.22,129.40,129.34,128.20,127.55,126.93,125.87,59.59,45.39,31.12,29.42.HRMS(ESI):m/z 240.1831[M+H] + ,calcd.for C 17 H 22 N 240.1752.
Example 1 optimization of the arylation of the cyclic ammonium salts the procedure of example a is as follows
a Unless otherwise indicated, the reactions are in tabular orderThe reaction yields were measured by nuclear magnetism using 10.5. Mu.L of 1, 2-tetrachloroethane as an internal standard. b The yield was isolated.
Example 2:
experimental procedure referring to example 1, the eluent was a 10/1 by volume DCM/MeOH mixture in 61% yield as a colorless liquid.
1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ7.29–7.27(m,2H),7.25–7.17(m,4H),6.97–6.91(m,2H),3.85(s,3H),2.64–2.56(t,2H),2.23–2.17(t,2H),2.15(s,6H),1.60-1.66(m,J＝7.8Hz,2H). 13 CNMR(101MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ158.61,141.57,139.84,134.33,130.38,130.31,129.31,127.29,125.87,113.59,59.40,55.36,45.17,31.04,29.05.HRMS(ESI):m/z 270.1963[M+H] + ,calcd.for C 18 H 24 NO 270.1858.
Example 3:
experimental procedure referring to example 1, the eluent was a 10/1 by volume DCM/MeOH mixture in 81% yield as a colorless liquid.
1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ7.31–7.29(m,2H),7.25–7.18(m,6H),2.63(t,2H),2.42(s,3H),2.19(t,2H),2.15(s,6H),1.70–1.59(m,2H). 13 C NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ141.91,139.84,139.02,136.45,130.27,129.32,129.15,128.86,127.33,125.81,59.51,45.30,31.05,29.27,21.18.HRMS(ESI):m/z 254.1909[M+H] + ,calcd.for C 18 H 24 N 254.2004.
Example 4:
experimental procedure referring to example 1, the eluent was a 10/1 by volume DCM/MeOH mixture in 50% yield as a colorless liquid.
1 H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ7.66(d,J＝7.3Hz,2H),7.55(s,1H),7.52–7.41(m,5H),7.41–7.34(m,4H),7.31(d,J＝7.8Hz,1H),2.71(t,2H),2.23(t,J＝7.5Hz,2H),2.16(s,6H),1.75–1.62(m,2H). 13 C NMR(126MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ141.62,141.06,141.01,140.43,140.19,130.72,129.34,128.88,128.27,128.22,127.38,127.23,127.01,124.68,59.47,45.26,31.24,29.30.HRMS(ESI):m/z 316.2073[M+H] + ,calcd.for C 23 H 26 N 316.2065.
Example 5:
experimental procedure referring to example 1, the eluent was a 10/1 by volume DCM/MeOH mixture in 63% yield as a colorless liquid.
1 H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ7.41(t,J＝7.2Hz,2H),7.35(d,J＝7.3Hz,1H),7.33–7.29(m,4H),7.26–7.20(m,2H),2.79(t,2H),2.40(t,2H),2.13(s,6H). 13 C NMR(126MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ142.28,141.73,137.46,130.24,129.82,129.30,128.26,127.66,127.10,126.27,60.93.HRMS(ESI):m/z 226.1598[M+H] + ,calcd.for C 18 H 24 N 226.1596.
Example 6:
experimental procedure referring to example 1, the eluent was a 10/1 by volume DCM/MeOH mixture in 60% yield as a colorless liquid.
1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ7.44–7.38(m,2H),7.37–7.33(m,1H),7.33–7.27(m,4H),7.25–7.22(m,1H),7.22–7.18(m,1H),2.61(t,2H),2.19(s,6H),2.16(d,J＝7.1Hz,2H),1.53–1.44(m,2H),1.43–1.33(m,2H). 13 C NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ142.04,141.91,139.91,130.13,129.35,129.29,128.12,127.46,126.85,125.76,59.44,45.29,32.88,29.20,27.27.HRMS(ESI):m/z 254.1913[M+H] + ,calcd.for C 18 H 24 N 254.1909.
Example 7:
experimental procedure referring to example 1, the eluent was a 10/1 by volume DCM/MeOH mixture in 65% yield as a colorless liquid.
1 H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ7.31(t,J＝7.2Hz,2H),7.25–7.19(m,4H),7.18–7.10(m,2H),2.52(t,2H),2.32(td,2H),2.03(s,6H),1.65–1.47(m,1H),1.35–1.21(m,1H),0.74(d,J＝6.5Hz,3H). 13 C NMR(126MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ141.95(2C),140.20,130.16,129.49,129.33,128.16,127.56,126.91,125.84,59.08,40.39,35.14,30.46,13.68.HRMS(ESI):m/z 254.1912[M+H] + ,calcd.for C 18 H 24 N 254.1909.
Example 8:
experimental procedure referring to example 1, the eluent was a 10/1 by volume DCM/MeOH mixture in 70% yield as a colorless liquid.
1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ7.30–7.25(m,2H),7.25–7.16(m,4H),6.94(d,2H),3.85(s,3H),2.60(t,J＝9.2,6.8Hz,2H),2.18(t,J＝8.5,6.6Hz,2H),2.14(s,6H),1.68–1.56(m,2H). 13 CNMR(101MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ158.61,139.84,134.33,130.38,130.31,129.31,127.30,125.87,113.59,59.40,55.36,45.17,31.04,29.05.HRMS(ESI):m/z 270.1866[M+H] + ,calcd.for C 18 H 24 NO 270.1858.
Example 9:
experimental procedure referring to example 1, the eluent was a 10/1 by volume DCM/MeOH mixture in 78% yield as a colorless liquid.
1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ7.29–7.23(m,2H),7.23–7.16(m,4H),6.77(d,J＝8.7Hz,2H),2.98(s,6H),2.63(t,2H),2.20(t,2H),2.15(s,6H),1.71–1.60(m,2H). 13 C NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ149.59,142.15,140.14,130.51,130.20,130.02,129.27,126.88,125.81,112.33,59.65,45.42,40.79,31.17,29.40.HRMS(ESI):m/z 283.2257[M+H] + ,calcd.for C 19 H 27 N 2 283.2174.
Example 10:
experimental procedure referring to example 1, the eluent was a 10/1 by volume DCM/MeOH mixture in a yield of 72% as a colorless liquid.
1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ7.30–7.27(m,2H),7.25–7.21(m,1H),7.21–7.17(m,5H),2.60(t,2H),2.40(s,3H),2.18(t,2H),2.14(s,6H),1.68–1.55(m,2H). 13 C NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ141.91,139.84,139.02,136.45,130.27,129.29,129.15,128.86,127.33,125.81,59.51,45.30,31.05,29.27,21.25.HRMS(ESI):m/z 254.1905[M+H] + ,calcd.for C 18 H 24 N 254.1909.
Example 11:
experimental procedure referring to example 1, the eluent was a 10/1 by volume DCM/MeOH mixture in 74% yield as a colorless liquid.
1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ7.31–7.26(m,3H),7.25–7.20(m,1H),7.20–7.17(m,1H),7.15(d,J＝8.1Hz,1H),7.10(d,J＝8.8Hz,2H),2.59(t,2H),2.39(s,3H),2.17(t,2H),2.13(s,6H),1.67–1.56(m,2H). 13 C NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ142.12,141.96,139.85,137.72,130.18,130.08,129.34,128.06,127.63,127.44,126.38,125.81,45.33,31.09,29.35.HRMS(ESI):m/z 254.1914[M+H] + ,calcd.for C 18 H 24 N 254.1909.
Example 12:
experimental procedure referring to example 1, the eluent was a 10/1 by volume DCM/MeOH mixture in a yield of 72% as a colorless liquid.
1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ7.30–7.27(m,2H),7.25–7.16(m,2H),6.98(s,1H),6.92(dt,J＝1.5,0.7Hz,2H),2.60(t,2H),2.35(s,6H),2.20(t,2H),2.16(s,6H),1.69–1.61(m,2H). 13 C NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ142.22,141.93,139.75,137.58,130.14,129.28,128.49,127.34,127.16,125.77,59.53,45.25,31.06,29.22,21.47.HRMS(ESI):m/z 268.2058[M+H] + ,calcd.for C 19 H 26 N268.2065.
Example 13:
experimental procedure referring to example 1, the eluent was a 10/1 by volume DCM/MeOH mixture in 50% yield as a colorless liquid.
1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ7.69–7.60(m,4H),7.46(t,2H),7.41–7.34(m,3H),7.33–7.30(m,2H),7.27–7.23(m,2H),2.65(t,2H),2.17(t,2H),2.11(s,6H),1.69–1.56(m,2H). 13 C NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ141.56,141.01,140.97,139.96,139.75,130.23,129.77,129.45,128.93,127.62,127.41,127.19,126.92,125.93,59.57,45.37,31.15,29.46.HRMS(ESI):m/z 316.2065[M+H] + ,calcd.for C 23 H 26 N 316.2065.
Example 14:
experimental procedure referring to example 1, the eluent was a 10/1 by volume DCM/MeOH mixture, the product yield was 82% as a colorless liquid.
1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ7.94–7.82(m,3H),7.77(s,1H),7.55–7.48(m,2H),7.46(dd,J＝8.4,1.7Hz,1H),7.37–7.32(m,2H),7.32–7.27(m,2H),2.65(t,2H),2.16(t,J＝8.7,6.5Hz,2H),2.10(s,6H),1.71–1.61(m,2H). 13 C NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ141.86,139.61,139.48,133.37,132.40,130.48,129.41,128.10,127.90,127.85,127.81,127.74(2C)(d,J＝2.0Hz),126.37,126.07,126.03,59.18,44.93,30.99,28.75.HRMS(ESI):m/z 290.1909[M+H] + ,calcd.for C 21 H 24 N 290.1909.
Example 15:
into a nitrogen filled Schlenk flask containing a magneton was added in sequence the cyclic ammonium salt (62.0 mg,0.2 mmol), PPh 2 Cy (10.8 mg,0.04 mmol), niCl (dppe) (10.6 mg,0.02 mmol), and 0.5mL THF. Lithium silicon reagent (0.5 mmol) was added dropwise under stirring, THF of the system was replaced with toluene (2 mL) under nitrogen protection, and finally the reaction was stirred at 80 ℃ for 16 hours. After the reaction is completed, water is added dropwise to quench the redundant silicon lithium reagent, the subsequent treatment steps are the same as those of the arylation reaction, and the obtained product is colorless liquid, and the yield is 91%.
1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ7.52(dd,J＝7.7,1.5Hz,1H),7.50–7.46(m,2H),7.38–7.28(m,4H),7.24–7.17(m,2H),2.54(t,2H),2.14(s,6H),2.07(t,2H),1.59–1.47(m,2H),0.58(s,6H).
13 C NMR(126MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ148.28,139.54,135.96,135.62,134.11,129.89,129.09,128.81,127.97,125.36,59.16,45.04,33.88,29.52,-0.83.HRMS(ESI):m/z 298.2381[M+H] + ,calcd.for C 19 H 28 NSi 298.1991.
Example 15 optimization of the cyclic ammonium salt silylation reaction the following procedure a
a Unless otherwise indicated, the reactions were carried out under the conditions indicated in the table sequences, and the reaction yields were measured by nuclear magnetism using 10.5. Mu.L of 1, 2-tetrachloroethane as an internal standard. b The yield was isolated.
Example 16:
experimental procedure referring to example 15, the eluent was a 10/1 by volume DCM/MeOH mixture in 63% yield as a colorless liquid.
1 H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ7.43–7.37(m,2H),7.33(d,J＝7.4Hz,1H),7.28–7.19(m,3H),6.98–6.92(m,2H),2.43(t,2H),2.25(s,3H),2.05(s,6H),1.97(t,2H),1.50–1.39(m,2H),0.49(s,6H). 13 C NMR(126MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ148.64,139.75,139.70,135.76,134.12,132.38,129.80,129.01,127.93,126.22,59.48,45.34,33.97,30.03,21.49,-0.73.HRMS(ESI):m/z 312.2150[M+H] + ,calcd.for C 20 H 30 NSi 312.2148.
Example 17:
experimental procedure referring to example 15, the eluent was a 10/1 by volume DCM/MeOH mixture in 28% yield as a colorless liquid.
1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ7.50–7.44(m,3H),7.37–7.30(m,3H),6.94–6.87(m,2H),2.53(t,2H),2.16(s,6H),2.06(t,2H),1.59–1.47(m,2H),0.57(s,6H). 13 C NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ164.38(d,J＝248.5Hz),151.23(d,J＝6.8Hz),139.26,137.51(d,J＝7.6Hz),134.08,131.55,129.25,128.07,115.67(d,J＝19.7Hz),112.45(d,J＝19.5Hz),58.97,45.06,33.70,29.16,-0.81. 19 F NMR(376MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ-111.99.HRMS(ESI):m/z 316.1890[M+H] + ,calcd.for C 19 H 27 FNSi 316.1897.
Example 18:
experimental procedure referring to example 15, the eluent was a 10/1 by volume DCM/MeOH mixture in 75% yield as a colorless liquid.
1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ7.41–7.35(m,2H),7.34(d,J＝7.9Hz,1H),7.30–7.21(m,3H),7.10(t,2H),2.43(t,2H),2.04(s,6H),1.95(t,2H),1.50–1.36(m,2H),0.49(s,6H). 13 C NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ150.60,138.86,136.93,136.03,134.43,134.03,129.27,128.86,128.05,125.47,59.18,46.22,33.73,29.64,-0.90.HRMS(ESI):m/z 332.1597[M+H] + ,calcd.for C 19 H 27 ClNSi332.1601.
Example 19:
experimental procedure referring to example 15, the eluent was a 10/1 by volume DCM/MeOH mixture in 30% yield as a colorless liquid.
1 H NMR(500MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ7.54(dd,J＝7.7,1.5Hz,1H),7.51–7.45(m,2H),7.39–7.29(m,4H),7.24–7.20(m,2H),2.62–2.47(m,3H),2.23(s,6H),1.74–1.63(m,1H),1.32–1.21(m,1H),0.85(d,J＝6.6Hz,3H),0.58(d,J＝4.1Hz,6H). 13 C NMR(126MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ148.16,139.59,135.95,135.69,134.14,129.99,129.15,128.94,128.04,125.47,59.80,39.86,34.11,33.26,-0.70,-0.89.HRMS(ESI):m/z 312.2151[M+H] + ,calcd.for C 20 H 31 NSi 312.2148.
Example 20:
experimental procedure referring to example 15, the eluent was a 10/1 by volume DCM/MeOH mixture in 64% yield as a colorless liquid.
1 H NMR(400MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ7.54–7.51(m,2H),7.51–7.49(m,2H),7.41–7.33(m,8H),7.27(d,J＝7.9Hz,1H),7.16(td,J＝7.4Hz,1H),2.53(t,2H),2.08(s,6H),1.92(t,2H),1.54–1.44(m,2H),0.89(s,3H). 13 C NMR(101MHz,CDCl 3 ):δ149.17,137.11,137.04,135.31,134.13,130.13,129.40,128.97,128.03,125.32,59.40,45.37,34.45,29.89,-1.48.HRMS(ESI):m/z 360.2151[M+H] + ,calcd.for C 24 H 31 NSi 360.2148。

Claims (10)

1. A process for arylating an aryl cyclic ammonium salt, characterized by:
aryl magnesium bromide is used as a nucleophilic reagent, and reacts in a solvent in the presence of a catalyst and ligand combination under the anhydrous and anaerobic condition at 80 ℃ to obtain the aliphatic amine compound containing biphenyl;
the aryl cyclic ammonium salt is selected from compounds of the following structure:
in the general formula, R 1 Selected from H, methoxy, methyl, fluoro, chloro; r is R 2 Selected from H or methyl;
the catalysis is thatThe agent is selected from Ni (cod) 2 、Ni(acac) 2 、NiCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 The ligand is PCy 3 。
2. The arylation process according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the catalyst is Ni (cod) 2 。
3. The arylation process according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the aryl magnesium bromide is selected from p-methoxy phenyl magnesium bromide, p-methylphenyl magnesium bromide, m-methylphenyl magnesium bromide, 3, 5-dimethylphenyl magnesium bromide, p-dimethylaminophenyl magnesium bromide, 4-biphenyl magnesium bromide and 2-naphthyl magnesium bromide.
4. The arylation process according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the solvent is selected from THF, toluene and dioxane.
5. The arylation process according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the molar ratio of the aryl cyclic ammonium salt to the aryl magnesium bromide to the catalyst to the ligand is 1.0:2.0-3.0:0.05:0.1.
6. A method for the silylation of aryl cyclic ammonium salts is characterized in that:
taking a lithium silicate reagent as a nucleophilic reagent, and reacting in a solvent in the presence of a catalyst and ligand combination at 80 ℃ under anhydrous and anaerobic conditions to obtain a fatty amine compound containing silicon radicals;
the structural general formula of the aryl cyclic ammonium salt is shown as follows:
in the general formula, R 1 Selected from H, methoxy, methyl, fluoroChlorine; r is R 2 Selected from H or methyl;
the catalyst is selected from Ni (cod) 2 、Ni(acac) 2 、NiCl 2 (PPh 3 ) 2 The ligand is PPh 2 Cy。
7. The method of silylation of claim 6 wherein:
the catalyst is NiCl 2 (dppe)。
8. The method of silylation of claim 6 wherein:
the solvent is selected from THF, toluene and dioxane.
9. The method of silylation of claim 6 wherein:
the lithium silicon reagent is selected from phenyl dimethyl lithium silicon reagent and diphenyl methyl lithium silicon reagent.
10. The method of silylation of claim 6 wherein:
the molar ratio of the aryl cyclic ammonium salt to the lithium silicate reagent to the catalyst to the ligand is 1.0:2.0-2.5:0.1:0.2.
CN202310725363.0A 2023-06-19 2023-06-19 Aryl cyclic ammonium salt arylation and silicon-based method Pending CN116768733A (en)

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