CN116762970A - Device and method for extracting polyphenol in grapes and simultaneously obtaining raisins - Google Patents
Device and method for extracting polyphenol in grapes and simultaneously obtaining raisins Download PDFInfo
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- CN116762970A CN116762970A CN202310719157.9A CN202310719157A CN116762970A CN 116762970 A CN116762970 A CN 116762970A CN 202310719157 A CN202310719157 A CN 202310719157A CN 116762970 A CN116762970 A CN 116762970A
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- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 147
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 235000021021 grapes Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 241000219095 Vitis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 2
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- GAMYVSCDDLXAQW-AOIWZFSPSA-N Thermopsosid Natural products O(C)c1c(O)ccc(C=2Oc3c(c(O)cc(O[C@H]4[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](CO)O4)c3)C(=O)C=2)c1 GAMYVSCDDLXAQW-AOIWZFSPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000009392 Vitis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000011949 flavones Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940126707 lipid peroxidation inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyphenol compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- VHBFFQKBGNRLFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vitamin p Natural products O1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 VHBFFQKBGNRLFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N12/00—Machines for cleaning, blanching, drying or roasting fruits or vegetables, e.g. coffee, cocoa, nuts
- A23N12/08—Machines for cleaning, blanching, drying or roasting fruits or vegetables, e.g. coffee, cocoa, nuts for drying or roasting
- A23N12/083—Machines for cleaning, blanching, drying or roasting fruits or vegetables, e.g. coffee, cocoa, nuts for drying or roasting with stirring, vibrating or grinding devices
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07G—COMPOUNDS OF UNKNOWN CONSTITUTION
- C07G99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for extracting polyphenol solution and simultaneously obtaining raisin products, which are applied to the technical field of food processing and comprise the following steps: placing the grapes in a low-temperature environment, and taking out the grapes when the temperature of the grape center is reduced to a first preset temperature to obtain pretreated grapes; placing the pretreated grapes into a liquid extraction device, irradiating the pretreated grapes for a first preset time by microwaves according to preset power to obtain the pre-dehydrated grapes, collecting leached liquid in the package of inert gas, and preserving at a second preset temperature to obtain polyphenol solution and the pre-dehydrated grapes; transmitting the pre-dehydrated grape into a device for acquiring dry products through a sealed conveyor belt pipeline, and generating vibration while alternately irradiating microwaves and infrared rays so that the grape is heated uniformly and the raisin products are acquired rapidly; the invention does not use extraction reagent to extract grape polyphenol, and rapidly obtains raisin products with antioxidant components, thereby improving the economic benefit of grape industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of food processing, in particular to a device and a method for extracting polyphenol in grapes and simultaneously obtaining raisins.
Background
Grape is a perennial deciduous vine of the Vitaceae, vitis, a seasonal fruit, has high water content and sugar content, and is therefore extremely not storable. Therefore, fresh grapes must be quickly eaten or processed, with the processing to raisins being one of the more common treatments. However, the surface of the grapes is waxy and prevents evaporation of the moisture of the grapes, so that pretreatment is often carried out before the raisin is made, and the pretreatment of the surface of the grapes helps to release the moisture and speed up the drying process, thus reducing the energy consumption and helping to keep the quality of the final product at a high level.
There are many pretreatment methods for grape peel, such as physical abrasion, use of chemical additives, bleaching, and ultrasound, but some pretreatment techniques are invasive, such as chemical additives, and the treated residues may cause food safety problems; when surface friction is used, the grapes appear darker, which is not organoleptically attractive; the use of bleaching, high humidity hot air impingement bleaching, ultrasound and osmotic dehydration may result in the final product losing nutritional and organoleptic qualities, as part of the soluble nutrients of the grapes are lost in these treatments and the high temperatures may cause the grapes to loose quality. In this sense, it is important to find a pretreatment method of dried grapes which is less invasive, safer and preserves their nutrition.
Another problem with the processing of grapes into raisins is the low added value. About 5 kg of fresh grapes can produce 1 kg of raisins, but the price of 1 kg of raisins is not necessarily equal to the price of 5 kg of fresh grapes. Because raisins have a low added value, farmers prefer to sell fresh grapes, and only excess grapes are used for drying.
The grape contains a large amount of polyphenol compounds, has extremely strong antioxidant activity, is a good free radical scavenger and lipid peroxidation inhibitor, and has good protection effect on cardiovascular diseases. Research of scholars at home and abroad shows that the polyphenol solution also has the effects of resisting cancer, resisting radiation, resisting microorganisms, promoting cell proliferation and the like, is a grape product with higher added value, and therefore, the polyphenol solution extracted from grapes has excellent practical value and economic benefit.
The invention provides a device and a method for extracting polyphenol in grapes and simultaneously obtaining raisins.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for extracting grape polyphenol solution and simultaneously obtaining raisin products under the condition of not using an extractant in order to solve the problems of residual chemical reagent, quality fission of grape, low added value of raisin produced from grape and the like caused by the prior raisin pretreatment. The fresh grape is frozen at low temperature, and then the frozen grape is placed in a microwave magnetic field, and as electromagnetic waves can penetrate through the surface and the interior of the grape, in-situ water in grape cells is heated and expanded, and the cells are broken, so that water molecules in the grape are evaporated, and the pre-dehydrated grape is obtained. Meanwhile, polyphenols in the grapes are extracted from the grapes through water diffusion and are collected at the bottom of the equipment through gravity. And then the pre-dehydrated grapes are sent into a container heated by microwave and infrared alternately through a conveying device to be dried, and finally, products with two functions are obtained simultaneously: grape polyphenol extract and raisins. The device can furthest reduce the time and energy consumption of raisin production, better utilizes raw materials, and can furthest improve the added value of the grape.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a device for extracting polyphenol solution and simultaneously obtaining raisin products, which comprises the following components:
the liquid extraction device comprises: the microwave cooling device comprises a microwave cavity, a cooling cavity, a first material container, a funnel and a liquid collecting container, wherein the microwave cavity is communicated with the cooling cavity through the funnel, the first material container is fixed above a conical collecting part of the funnel, and the liquid collector is arranged below a guide pipe of the funnel;
the dry product harvesting apparatus comprises: the drying device comprises a drying cavity, a second material container, a vibrating device, an infrared generating device, a microwave generating device, a dehumidifying device and a control system, wherein the vibrating device is connected below the drying cavity through a vibrating connecting rod, the middle of the vibrating device is separated by a baffle, the infrared generating device is above the second material container, the middle of the infrared generating device is separated by a microwave shielding device, the microwave generating device is arranged on the side wall of the drying cavity, and the dehumidifying device is connected with the outside of the dry product obtaining device and the drying cavity;
the liquid extraction device is connected with the dry product acquisition device through a conveying device, the conveying device conveys the first material container to the position above the dry product acquisition device, and the materials in the first material container are poured into the second material container;
the liquid extraction device is used for extracting phenolic substances in grapes, and comprises the following steps: placing the pretreated grapes into a first material container, irradiating the grapes for a first preset time by using microwaves according to preset power, allowing moisture and phenolic substances to permeate out of cell membranes to obtain pre-dehydrated grapes, collecting phenolic substance solutions in a conical collecting part of a funnel by gravity, condensing the phenolic substance solutions in a guide pipe of the funnel, collecting the phenolic substance solutions in a liquid collecting container, and preserving the phenolic substance solutions at a preset temperature to obtain polyphenol solutions;
the conveying device conveys the pre-dehydrated grapes into the second material container of the dry product acquisition device, microwaves and infrared rays are used for alternately heating for a second preset time, vibration is generated in the heating process, and the alternate heating process is as follows: setting an upper limit temperature, a middle limit temperature and a lower limit temperature of the grape, when the temperature of the grape is monitored to be lower than the lower limit temperature, heating microwaves simultaneously with a first preset power and infrared with a second preset power, when the temperature of the grape is between the lower limit temperature and the middle limit temperature, disconnecting the infrared generating device, heating the microwaves independently with the first preset power, when the temperature of the grape is between the middle limit temperature and the upper limit temperature, disconnecting the infrared generating device, heating the microwaves independently with a third preset power, and when the temperature of the grape is higher than the upper limit temperature, stopping heating the microwaves, and when the moisture content in the grape is less than 15%, obtaining a raisin product.
Further, the bottom of the first material container is provided with a preset number of holes with preset diameters, the upper half part of the top cover is provided with a sealing space for containing low-temperature liquid nitrogen, the bottom of the container is circular, and the diameter of the container is smaller than the preset diameter of the funnel collecting part.
Further, the back wall of the microwave cavity can be opened and closed, and the gas component in the cooling cavity is mixed inert gas.
Further, the conveying device comprises a conveying belt and a sealing pipeline, two ends of the conveying belt are connected with the microwave cavity and the drying cavity, and after the rear wall of the microwave cavity and the front wall of the drying cavity are opened, the conveying device conveys the pre-dehydrated grapes to the drying cavity.
Further, the device for acquiring the dry product comprises a vibrating device, a drying cavity, an exhaust device and a control system;
the vibration device comprises a vibration connecting rod, a vibration motor, a vibration base and a damping spring, wherein the vibration base is connected with the dry product acquisition device at the bottom, the damping spring is connected with the vibration motor at the vibration base, a partition plate is arranged between the vibration motor and the drying cavity and is separated from the second material container through the vibration connecting rod;
the drying cavity is internally provided with the second material container and is connected with the vibration device through a vibration connecting rod, the left and right side walls of the drying cavity are embedded with the microwave generating device, the upper wall is embedded with the infrared generating device, the rear wall is provided with dense moisture discharging holes, and the other side wall is provided with a preset distance from the shell of the device for acquiring the dry product and is connected with the air exhaust device;
the air exhaust device is connected with the drying cavity and the external space, and an induced draft fan is arranged at the upper outlet and introduces the air in the drying cavity to the outside;
a microwave shielding device is arranged between the drying cavity and the infrared generating device;
the control system adjusts the microwave generating device, the infrared generating device, the air exhaust device and the vibration device according to a preset program to finish the drying of the pre-dehydrated grape.
A method of extracting a polyphenol solution and simultaneously obtaining a raisin product, comprising:
pretreatment: placing the grapes in a low-temperature environment, and taking out the grapes when the temperature of the grape center is reduced to a first preset temperature to obtain pretreated grapes;
the step of obtaining polyphenol solution: irradiating the pretreated grapes for a first preset time by microwaves according to preset power to obtain pre-dehydrated grapes, collecting leached liquid in the package of inert gas, and preserving at a second preset temperature to obtain polyphenol solution;
the step of obtaining a dry product: heating the pre-dehydrated grape in the package of inert gas for a second preset time by using microwaves and infrared alternately, and vibrating the pre-dehydrated grape while heating, wherein the alternate heating process is as follows: setting an upper limit temperature, a middle limit temperature and a lower limit temperature of the pre-dehydrated grape, when the temperature of the pre-dehydrated grape is monitored to be lower than the lower limit temperature, simultaneously heating microwaves with a first preset power and infrared with a second preset power, disconnecting an infrared generating device when the temperature of the pre-dehydrated grape is between the lower limit temperature and the middle limit temperature, independently heating microwaves with the first preset power, disconnecting the infrared generating device when the temperature of the pre-dehydrated grape is between the middle limit temperature and the upper limit temperature, independently heating microwaves with a third preset power, and completely stopping heating the microwaves infrared when the temperature of the pre-dehydrated grape is higher than the upper limit temperature; when the moisture in the grape is less than 15%, the raisin product is obtained.
The invention provides a device for extracting polyphenol solution and simultaneously obtaining raisin products, which has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The grape is subjected to freezing pretreatment to enable cell walls and cell membranes of the grape to be broken easily, then microwave irradiation is used to enable liquid in the cells to leach out the cell membranes, then polyphenol solution in the grape is collected in the surrounding of inert gas through gravity, and the grape is preserved in a low-temperature environment, so that the extraction efficiency of the polyphenol solution of the grape is improved, no reagent remains, and polyphenol substances in the solution are prevented from being oxidized;
(2) The pre-dehydrated grape is rapidly dehydrated by alternately irradiating with microwaves and infrared rays and simultaneously generating vibration, so that the antioxidant substances and antioxidant activity in the grape are reserved, and the raisin product with rich nutrition and easy preservation is obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an apparatus for extracting polyphenol solution and simultaneously obtaining raisin products according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for extracting polyphenol solution and simultaneously obtaining raisin products according to an embodiment of the invention;
the realization, functional characteristics and advantages of the present invention are further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in combination with the embodiments.
Description of the embodiments
It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for extracting polyphenol solution and simultaneously obtaining raisin products according to the present invention is shown;
the invention provides a device for extracting polyphenol solution and simultaneously obtaining raisin products, which comprises the following components: liquid extracting device, dry product obtaining device and conveying device;
in one embodiment, the liquid extraction device is used as the forefront end of the whole device, the grapes subjected to freezing pretreatment are placed in the liquid extraction device, the conveying device is arranged in the middle and is connected with the microwave cavity and the drying cavity, and the pre-dehydrated grapes are conveyed into the drying cavity through a sealed pipeline to be dehydrated; the whole set of device selects microwave generating devices with different powers and containers with different sizes according to the requirements, and in the embodiment, the material container can be used for placing up to 1000kg of grapes.
The liquid extraction device comprises: the microwave cooling device comprises a microwave cavity, a cooling cavity, a first material container, a funnel and a liquid collecting container, wherein the microwave cavity is communicated with the cooling cavity through the funnel, the first material container is fixed above a conical collecting part of the funnel, and the liquid collector is arranged below a guide pipe of the funnel;
the liquid extraction device is used for extracting moisture in grapes, and comprises the following steps: placing the pretreated grapes into a first material container, irradiating the grapes for a first preset time by using microwaves according to preset power, allowing moisture to seep out of cell membranes to obtain pre-dehydrated grapes, collecting the moisture in a conical collecting part of a funnel by gravity, condensing the moisture in a guide pipe of the funnel, collecting the moisture in a liquid collecting container, and preserving the liquid collecting container at a preset temperature to obtain polyphenol solution;
in the specific implementation, as shown in the leftmost part of fig. 1, the liquid extraction device is provided with a microwave cavity in the upper part, a glass in the front wall, a container for holding pretreated grapes in the middle, a condensing device and a collecting container in the lower part, and transparent glass in the front wall for checking whether the liquid extraction process is normal or not;
the dry product harvesting apparatus comprises: the drying device comprises a drying cavity, a second material container, a vibrating device, an infrared generating device, a microwave generating device, a dehumidifying device and a control system, wherein the vibrating device is connected below the drying cavity through a vibrating connecting rod, the middle of the vibrating device is separated by a baffle, the infrared generating device is above the second material container, the middle of the infrared generating device is separated by a microwave shielding device, the microwave generating device is arranged on the side wall of the drying cavity, and the dehumidifying device is connected with the outside of the dry product obtaining device and the drying cavity;
further, the device for acquiring the dry product comprises a vibrating device, a drying cavity, an exhaust device and a control system;
the vibration device comprises a vibration connecting rod, a vibration motor, a vibration base and a damping spring, wherein the vibration base is connected with the dry product acquisition device at the bottom, the damping spring is connected with the vibration motor at the vibration base, a partition plate is arranged between the vibration motor and the drying cavity and is separated from the second material container through the vibration connecting rod;
the drying cavity is internally provided with the second material container and is connected with the vibration device through a vibration connecting rod, the left and right side walls of the drying cavity are embedded with the microwave generating device, the upper wall is embedded with the infrared generating device, the rear wall is provided with dense moisture discharging holes, and the other side wall is provided with a preset distance from the shell of the device for acquiring the dry product and is connected with the air exhaust device;
the air exhaust device is connected with the drying cavity and the external space, and an induced draft fan is arranged at the upper outlet and introduces the air in the drying cavity to the outside;
a microwave shielding device is arranged between the drying cavity and the infrared generating device;
the control system adjusts the microwave generating device, the infrared generating device, the air exhaust device and the vibration device according to a preset program to finish the drying of the pre-dehydrated grape.
In the concrete implementation, as shown in the right part of fig. 1, 1 is a vibrating bed base, which is used for connecting the bottom of a dried product and a fixed vibrating device, 2 is a damping spring, which is used for reducing the influence of the vibrating device on the dried product obtaining device, so that the dried product obtaining device shakes slightly in a working chamber, 3 is a vibrating motor, which generates vibration after power connection, the frequency can be adjusted, 4 is a vibration-assisting flexible bending sheet, so that the second material container is soft when vibrating, the grapes to be dehydrated are prevented from vibrating out of the container, 5 is the second material container, which is used for carrying the pre-dehydrated grapes to carry out drying and dehydration treatment, 6 and 11 are microwave sources, the side wall of a drying cavity is irradiated with microwaves, 7 is a display screen, which is used for displaying the step of the drying treatment, 8 is an exhaust pipe, the steam removing device evaporated in the drying process is outside through an 18 induced draft fan, 9 is a moisture discharging hole, 10 is a drying cavity, 12 is a vibration connecting rod connected with a material container in the drying cavity and a vibration motor in the vibration cavity, 13 is damping spring rubber, which is used for reducing noise when the vibration motor vibrates, 14 is an empty cavity, which is used for reducing the vibration influence of the vibration motor on the whole device, 15 is a supporting frame of the vibration cavity, 16 is a software control system, which is used for adjusting a microwave generating device, an infrared generating device, a vibration device and controlling the drying process, 17 is an integral part of the moisture discharging device, 18 is a draught fan above the air discharging device, which is used for guiding air in the drying cavity to the outside, 19 is a tubular infrared generating device, 20 is an infrared temperature sensor, which is used for measuring the temperature generated by infrared rays in real time, which is used for calling by the control system, 21 is an infrared heating device, 22 is an infrared device temperature sensor, 23 is a microwave shielding device, 24 is the rear wall of the drying chamber, 25 is pre-dehydrated grapes placed in a non-filled container.
The liquid extraction device is connected with the dry product acquisition device through the conveying device, the conveying device conveys the first material container to the position above the dry product acquisition device, and the materials in the first material container are poured into the second material container;
the conveying device conveys the pre-dehydrated grapes into the second material container of the dry product acquisition device, microwaves and infrared rays are used for alternately heating for a second preset time, vibration is generated in the heating process, and the alternate heating process is as follows: setting an upper limit temperature, a middle limit temperature and a lower limit temperature of the grape, when the temperature of the grape is monitored to be lower than the lower limit temperature, heating microwaves simultaneously with a first preset power and infrared with a second preset power, disconnecting the infrared generating device when the temperature of the grape is between the lower limit temperature and the middle limit temperature, heating the microwaves independently with the first preset power, disconnecting the infrared generating device when the temperature of the grape is between the middle limit temperature and the upper limit temperature, heating the microwaves independently with a third preset power, and stopping heating the microwaves when the temperature of the grape is higher than the upper limit temperature, thereby obtaining raisin products.
Further, the bottom of the first material container is provided with a preset number of holes with preset diameters, the upper half part of the top cover is provided with a sealing space for containing low-temperature liquid nitrogen, the bottom of the container is circular, and the diameter of the container is smaller than the preset diameter of the funnel collecting part.
Further, the back wall of the microwave cavity can be opened and closed, and the gas component in the cooling cavity is mixed inert gas.
Further, the conveying device comprises a conveying belt and a sealing pipeline, two ends of the conveying belt are connected with the microwave cavity and the drying cavity, and after the rear wall of the microwave cavity and the front wall of the drying cavity are opened, the conveying device conveys the pre-dehydrated grapes to the drying cavity.
In the specific implementation, as shown in the middle part of fig. 1, the outer frame 9 is a sealed outer wall, the outer frames 11 and 14 are inert gas devices, so that air in the conveying device can be discharged and inert gas can be injected, the outer frame 8 is a supporting frame of the conveying belt, and the outer frames 17 and 10 are pulleys and pulley devices.
Referring to fig. 2, a flow chart of a method for extracting polyphenol solution and simultaneously obtaining raisin products is provided in the present invention;
a method for extracting a polyphenol solution and simultaneously obtaining raisin products, the steps comprising:
pretreatment: placing the grapes in a low-temperature environment, and taking out the grapes when the temperature of the grape center is reduced to a first preset temperature to obtain pretreated grapes;
the step of obtaining polyphenol solution: irradiating the pretreated grapes for a first preset time by microwaves according to preset power to obtain pre-dehydrated grapes, collecting leached liquid in the package of inert gas, and preserving at a second preset temperature to obtain polyphenol solution;
the step of obtaining a dry product: heating the pre-dehydrated grape in the package of inert gas for a second preset time by using microwaves and infrared alternately, and vibrating the pre-dehydrated grape while heating, wherein the alternate heating process is as follows: setting an upper limit temperature, a middle limit temperature and a lower limit temperature of the pre-dehydrated grape, when the temperature of the pre-dehydrated grape is monitored to be lower than the lower limit temperature, simultaneously heating microwaves with a first preset power and infrared with a second preset power, disconnecting an infrared generating device when the temperature of the pre-dehydrated grape is between the lower limit temperature and the middle limit temperature, independently heating microwaves with the first preset power, disconnecting the infrared generating device when the temperature of the pre-dehydrated grape is between the middle limit temperature and the upper limit temperature, independently heating microwaves with a third preset power, and completely stopping heating the microwaves infrared when the temperature of the pre-dehydrated grape is higher than the upper limit temperature; completely dehydrating to obtain raisin product.
In one embodiment, 100kg of grapes are taken, the grapes are firstly put into a refrigerator for pretreatment, the grapes can be taken out after the temperature of the grape center is reduced to minus 18 ℃, then the pretreated grapes are put into the first material container of the liquid extraction device, the grapes are pretreated by microwaves, cell membrane cell walls of the grapes are broken, liquid in the grape cells is leached, the grapes flow to a large funnel below under the action of gravity, a condensing device is arranged at the lower half part of the funnel, the grape juice is cooled to 4 ℃ when flowing through the condensing device, polyphenol extract is collected and stored at a low temperature in the lower part of the funnel, the pre-dehydrated grapes are conveyed into a drying cavity of the dry product acquisition device by a conveying belt, the pre-dehydrated grapes are alternately heated for 30 hours by microwaves and infrared rays, and the pre-dehydrated grapes are vibrated while being heated, and the alternating heating process is as follows: setting the upper limit temperature of the pre-dehydrated grape to 65 ℃, the middle limit temperature to 63 ℃ and the lower limit temperature to 60 ℃, when the temperature of the pre-dehydrated grape is monitored to be lower than 60 ℃, heating the pre-dehydrated grape simultaneously by 15kw/kg and 10kw of infrared rays, when the temperature of the pre-dehydrated grape is between 60 and 63 ℃, switching off the infrared generating device, heating the pre-dehydrated grape singly by 17kw/kg, when the temperature of the pre-dehydrated grape is between 63 and 65 ℃, switching off the infrared generating device, singly heating the pre-dehydrated grape singly by 13kw/kg of infrared rays, and when the temperature of the pre-dehydrated grape is higher than 65 ℃, stopping heating the pre-dehydrated grape singly by 13kw/kg of infrared rays; when the moisture content in the grape is less than 15%, the raisin product is obtained.
Example test: taking 100kg of grapes, firstly placing the grapes into a refrigerator for pretreatment, taking the grapes out of the refrigerator when the temperature of the center of the grapes is reduced to minus 18 ℃, then placing the pretreated grapes into the first material container of the liquid extraction device, pretreating the grapes, adjusting the microwave frequency to 380W, treating for 10 minutes to break cell membrane walls of the grapes, leaching liquid in the grape cells, flowing the liquid into a large funnel below under the action of gravity, installing a condensing device at the lower half part of the funnel, reducing the temperature of the grape juice to 4 ℃ when the grape juice flows through, then collecting polyphenol solution below by using the container, keeping the storage temperature between 3 ℃ and 6 ℃, and detecting the water content of the pre-dehydrated grapes to 50%. And (3) conveying the pre-dehydrated grapes into a drying cavity of a device for obtaining dry products through a conveying belt, vibrating the pre-dehydrated grapes while heating, and heating for 36 hours alternately by using microwaves and infrared, wherein the moisture content of the grapes is below 15%, so as to obtain raisin products.
Comparative test 1: the hot air heat-dried grape dehydration test, taking 100kg of grape, drying the grape by drying in a drying room, and storing the sample in a dryer at each weighing interval so that the grape will not be externally hygroscopic. In order to accelerate the pre-dewatering process and to promote the release of moisture from the grape fruits, the grapes are heated at 50 ℃, weighed every 30 minutes, and according to the drying kinetics, when the moisture content in the grapes is below 15%, a raisin product is obtained, the drying time required for this test being 74 hours.
Comparative test 2: freeze-dried grape dehydration test 100kg of grape was weighed and stored at-18 degrees celsius for 24 hours. After freezing, the grape is dehydrated by freeze-drying under the conditions of-41 ℃ and 31Pa until the moisture content in the grape is below 15 percent. The drying time required for this experiment was 84 hours.
Experimental polyphenol solution and content of phenols in raisin products thereof
Experiments prove that the time for preparing raisins is shortened by microwave pretreatment, and when raisin products are obtained, the total time for microwave pretreatment, microwave and infrared alternate heating is 36.16 hours, the time for hot air drying is 74 hours, and the time for freeze drying is 84 hours, which means that the time for preparing raisins can be greatly shortened by the microwave pretreatment, microwave and infrared alternate heating process, and the drying efficiency is improved. As can be seen by comparing the phenolic substance content in the polyphenol solution and the raisin product of the comparison experiment with the phenolic substance content in the polyphenol solution, the total flavone and the anthocyanin content in the raisin sample of the embodiment have no obvious difference with the raisin sample obtained in the comparison experiment 2 (vacuum freeze drying); compared with the raisin sample obtained in comparative experiment 2 (hot air drying), the raisin sample has obviously increased phenolic substance content; and the examples can simultaneously obtain a solution rich in polyphenols. The method for extracting grape polyphenol and simultaneously obtaining raisin products can simultaneously produce two products: raisin products and polyphenol extracts, which can be added to different products, have great potential in the food or pharmaceutical industry.
In conclusion, the method for extracting grape polyphenol and simultaneously obtaining raisin products has the characteristics of high efficiency, economy and environmental protection, can reduce the production cost of enterprises, can be used for producing raisins and grape extracts rich in polyphenol on a large scale, and fully exerts the economic value and the edible value of grapes.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, apparatus, article, or method that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, apparatus, article, or method. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, apparatus, article or method that comprises the element.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes using the descriptions and drawings of the present invention or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present invention.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. An apparatus for extracting a polyphenol solution and simultaneously obtaining raisin products, comprising: extract liquid device, acquire dry goods device, conveyer, its characterized in that:
the liquid extraction device comprises: the microwave cooling device comprises a microwave cavity, a cooling cavity, a first material container, a funnel and a liquid collecting container, wherein the microwave cavity is communicated with the cooling cavity through the funnel, the first material container is fixed above a conical collecting part of the funnel, and the liquid collector is arranged below a guide pipe of the funnel;
the dry product harvesting apparatus comprises: the drying device comprises a drying cavity, a second material container, a vibrating device, an infrared generating device, a microwave generating device, a dehumidifying device and a control system, wherein the vibrating device is connected below the drying cavity through a vibrating connecting rod, the middle of the vibrating device is separated by a baffle, the infrared generating device is above the second material container, the middle of the infrared generating device is separated by a microwave shielding device, the microwave generating device is arranged on the side wall of the drying cavity, and the dehumidifying device is connected with the outside of the dry product obtaining device and the drying cavity;
the liquid extraction device is connected with the dry product acquisition device through the conveying device, the conveying device conveys the first material container to the position above the dry product acquisition device, and the materials in the first material container are poured into the second material container;
the liquid extraction device is used for extracting antioxidant phenolic substances in grapes, and comprises the following steps: placing the pretreated grapes into a first material container, irradiating the grapes for a first preset time by using microwaves according to preset power, allowing moisture and phenolic substances to permeate out of cell membranes to obtain pre-dehydrated grapes, collecting phenolic substance solutions in a conical collecting part of a funnel by gravity, condensing the phenolic substance solutions in a guide pipe of the funnel, collecting the phenolic substance solutions in a liquid collecting container, and preserving the phenolic substance solutions at a preset temperature to obtain polyphenol solutions;
the conveying device conveys the pre-dehydrated grapes into the second material container of the dry product acquisition device, microwaves and infrared rays are used for alternately heating for a second preset time, vibration is generated in the heating process, and the alternate heating process is as follows: setting an upper limit temperature, a middle limit temperature and a lower limit temperature of the grape, when the temperature of the grape is monitored to be lower than the lower limit temperature, heating microwaves simultaneously with a first preset power and infrared with a second preset power, disconnecting the infrared generating device when the temperature of the grape is between the lower limit temperature and the middle limit temperature, heating the microwaves independently with the first preset power, disconnecting the infrared generating device when the temperature of the grape is between the middle limit temperature and the upper limit temperature, heating the microwaves independently with a third preset power, and stopping heating the microwaves when the temperature of the grape is higher than the upper limit temperature, thereby obtaining raisin products.
2. The apparatus for extracting polyphenol solution and simultaneously obtaining raisin products according to claim 1, wherein the first material container has a bottom with a predetermined number of holes with a predetermined diameter, the upper half of the top cover has a sealed space for containing low-temperature liquid nitrogen, the container bottom is circular, and the diameter is smaller than the predetermined diameter of the funnel collecting portion.
3. The apparatus for extracting polyphenol solution and simultaneously obtaining raisin products according to claim 1, wherein the back wall of the microwave cavity is openable and closable, and the gas component in the cooling cavity is mixed inert gas.
4. The device for extracting a polyphenol solution and simultaneously obtaining raisin products according to claim 1, characterized in that said conveying means comprise a conveyor belt and a sealing duct, connected at both ends to said microwave cavity and to said drying cavity, the rear wall of which and the front wall of which are open, said conveying means conveying said pre-dehydrated grapes to said drying cavity.
5. The device for extracting polyphenol solution and simultaneously obtaining raisin products according to claim 1, wherein the device for obtaining the dried products comprises a vibrating device, a drying cavity, an air exhaust device and a control system;
the vibration device comprises a vibration connecting rod, a vibration motor, a vibration base and a damping spring, wherein the vibration base is connected with the dry product acquisition device at the bottom, the damping spring is connected with the vibration motor at the vibration base, a partition plate is arranged between the vibration motor and the drying cavity and is separated from the second material container through the vibration connecting rod;
the drying cavity is internally provided with the second material container and is connected with the vibration device through a vibration connecting rod, the left and right side walls of the drying cavity are embedded with the microwave generating device, the upper wall is embedded with the infrared generating device, the rear wall is provided with dense moisture discharging holes, and the other side wall is provided with a preset distance from the shell of the device for acquiring the dry product and is connected with the air exhaust device;
the air exhaust device is connected with the drying cavity and the external space, and an induced draft fan is arranged at the upper outlet and introduces the air in the drying cavity to the outside;
a microwave shielding device is arranged between the drying cavity and the infrared generating device;
the control system adjusts the microwave generating device, the infrared generating device, the air exhaust device and the vibration device according to a preset program to finish the drying of the pre-dehydrated grape.
6. A method for extracting a polyphenol solution and simultaneously obtaining raisin products, characterized by comprising:
pretreatment: placing the grapes in a low-temperature environment, and taking out the grapes when the temperature of the grape center is reduced to a first preset temperature to obtain pretreated grapes;
the step of obtaining polyphenol solution: irradiating the pretreated grapes for a first preset time by microwaves according to preset power to obtain pre-dehydrated grapes, collecting leached liquid in the package of inert gas, and preserving at a second preset temperature to obtain polyphenol solution;
the step of obtaining a dry product: heating the pre-dehydrated grape in the package of inert gas for a second preset time by using microwaves and infrared alternately, and vibrating the pre-dehydrated grape while heating, wherein the alternate heating process is as follows: setting an upper limit temperature, a middle limit temperature and a lower limit temperature of the pre-dehydrated grape, when the temperature of the pre-dehydrated grape is monitored to be lower than the lower limit temperature, simultaneously heating microwaves with a first preset power and infrared with a second preset power, disconnecting an infrared generating device when the temperature of the pre-dehydrated grape is between the lower limit temperature and the middle limit temperature, independently heating microwaves with the first preset power, disconnecting the infrared generating device when the temperature of the pre-dehydrated grape is between the middle limit temperature and the upper limit temperature, independently heating microwaves with a third preset power, and completely stopping heating the microwaves infrared when the temperature of the pre-dehydrated grape is higher than the upper limit temperature; when the moisture content of the grape is less than 15%, the raisin product is obtained.
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| CN202310719157.9A CN116762970A (en) | 2023-06-16 | 2023-06-16 | Device and method for extracting polyphenol in grapes and simultaneously obtaining raisins |
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| CN202310719157.9A CN116762970A (en) | 2023-06-16 | 2023-06-16 | Device and method for extracting polyphenol in grapes and simultaneously obtaining raisins |
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