CN116762521A - Coating agent for gramineae ciliated micro-particle seeds and preparation method of coated seeds - Google Patents
Coating agent for gramineae ciliated micro-particle seeds and preparation method of coated seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN116762521A CN116762521A CN202310705135.7A CN202310705135A CN116762521A CN 116762521 A CN116762521 A CN 116762521A CN 202310705135 A CN202310705135 A CN 202310705135A CN 116762521 A CN116762521 A CN 116762521A
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
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- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000878006 Miscanthus sinensis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
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- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of coating agents, and particularly relates to a coating agent for gramineae ciliated micro-particle seeds and a preparation method of the coated seeds. The seed has cilia and mango needles, and the coating agent sequentially comprises an inner core, a nutrient substance layer, a seed layer and a coating layer from inside to outside; the inner core is selected from any one of mud balls, mung beans and sorghum rice; the nutrient substance layer consists of turfy soil, talcum powder, bentonite and a nutrient additive; the seed layer consists of an adhesive, talcum powder and bentonite; the coating layer consists of a water-retaining agent, talcum powder and bentonite. The coating agent can solve the problems of the interference of cilia and miscanthus of gramineae tiny particle seeds, the mutual adhesion of surfaces and poor soil jacking capability in the process of pelleting, solve the germination difficulty and agglomeration phenomenon caused by heavy pelleting of tiny particle seeds, improve the utilization efficiency of the tiny particle seeds of cilia and miscanthus, and enhance the sowing adaptability and stress resistance of the seeds.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coating agents, and particularly relates to a coating agent for gramineae ciliated micro-particle seeds and a preparation method of the coated seeds.
Background
With the national importance of ecological restoration of grasslands and greening by using the species of the village, the development of the village grass is paid attention to. However, many excellent wild native grass seeds are difficult to directly sow and have low propagation coefficient due to the characteristics of small volume, light weight and barbed needles, so that the bottleneck problem of large-area popularization and application cannot be solved. For example, the dominant species of meadow grass seeds, dominant species of warm grass seeds, dominant species of loess plateau hay seeds, dominant species of sand grass seeds, dominant species of artemisia rupestris seeds, artemisia ferruginea seeds and the like all have the problems. The pelleting technology is commonly used for improving the sowing performance of small particle seeds, improving the stress resistance of the seeds and the like, has a plurality of advantages of saving labor cost and the like while improving the activity and the resistance of the seeds, and is an agricultural high-new technology developed on the basis of the traditional technology. At present, the existing pelleting technology is generally applied to tiny seeds in the gardening fields such as rapeseeds, flower seeds and the like, and the pelleting technology is mature. The Chinese has achieved a certain result in the technical field of pelleting of tiny seeds, and has succeeded in crops such as tobacco, rape, beet, petunia, corn, elm, etc. For example, the tobacco seeds are subjected to research on pelleting technology from 1988 in China, breakthrough progress is made, and the single grain rate, seed rate, compressive strength, cracking degree and other technical indexes of the pelleting seeds, field emergence rate and seedling quality reach the international similar research level. However, the existing pelletization technology does not relate to the pelletization processing technology of the seed with the hair or the miscanthus, so that the propagation application of the fine rural grass with the hair or the miscanthus encounters a bottleneck, and the development of the rural grass industry is restrained.
The existing pelleting coating is added with various auxiliary agents and coating materials, so that the coating materials can provide or create a micro-environment for seeds after the pelleting seeds are sown, and the environmental conditions after the seeds are sown are improved. For example, the pelleting coating material is added with a coating material with water absorption and water retention properties, so that the water in the soil can be absorbed and aggregated, the water requirement of seed germination in arid areas can be met, and the capability of the seeds for resisting arid environments (for example, the application of the water-retaining agent in the coating of the seeds of the elymus chinensis) is further improved. The coating material is added with a certain amount of nutrient substances, so that nutrient elements can be released after the pelleted seeds are sown to ensure the nutrient supply in the plant germination process, thereby enhancing seedling quality and increasing the seedling protection rate (for example, the application of the slow release fertilizer in coating vegetable cores and tomato seeds); the coating material is mixed with proper and proper amount of growth regulator to raise the germination rate and activity of seed, for example, gibberellin is applied in cucumber and celery seed.
Aiming at the characteristics of tiny volume of the seeds of the rural grass, less nutrition carried by the seeds, relatively weak resistance to adverse conditions such as drought and the like, fluff and barbed needles, suitability for shallow sowing and the like, the pelleting coating technology is adopted for pre-sowing treatment, and is a necessary measure for promoting radicle rooting, increasing the emergence rate, retaining water and resisting drought and improving the utilization efficiency. The small seeds are processed into ellipsoids with the particle size of 3-5 mm after being pelleted and coated, so that mechanical precision seeding is facilitated, and the seeds are saved. However, the filling material of the existing pelleting technology is generally 3-7 times of the mass of the seeds, and if the filling material exceeds the mass, the germination effect of the seeds is hindered. For tiny seeds with thousand grain weight smaller than 0.5g such as the common fescue, the Chinese wildrye herb, the common cold wormwood and the like, the existing pelleting technical formula and process can cause the shell to be too thick, limit the germination of the tiny seeds, and especially the arid area with less rainfall is more obvious. In addition, for grass seeds having miscanthus or cilia, existing pelleting techniques can result in difficult adhesion bonding of the seeds to the coating and difficult control of the number of seeds in the coating.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the coating agent for the gramineae ciliated micro-particle seeds and the preparation method of the coated seeds, which can solve the problems of interference of cilia and miscanthus sinensis of the gramineae micro-particle seeds, surface adhesion, poor soil jacking capability, seed waste caused by mass sowing and high labor cost, solve the germination difficulty and agglomeration phenomenon caused by heavy pelleting of the micro-particle seeds, improve the utilization efficiency of the micro-particle seeds of cilia and miscanthus sinensis, enhance the sowing adaptability and stress resistance of the seeds and reduce the seed waste.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a pelleting coating agent for gramineae ciliated micro-grain seeds, wherein the seeds have cilia and miscanthus, and the pelleting coating agent sequentially comprises an inner core, a nutrient substance layer, a seed layer and a coating layer from inside to outside;
the inner core is selected from any one of mud balls, mung beans and sorghum rice;
the nutrient substance layer is prepared from turfy soil, talcum powder, bentonite and nutrition additives in 15-20:35-40:35-40:0-15 mass ratio, and establishing a micro-soil nutrition environment while increasing weight;
the seed layer consists of 32-35% of adhesive, talcum powder and bentonite: 45-50:15-23, wherein the proportion is very small, and only plays a role in pasting seed cilia and miscanthus;
the coating layer is prepared from water-retaining agent, talcum powder and bentonite in a proportion of 13-20:62-65:18-22, has stronger water absorption capacity to achieve drought resistance and moisture preservation effects, can promote the disintegration of a nutrient substance layer, release nutrition and play a role in reinforcing the pill.
Further, the grain diameters of the inner core, the nutrient substance layer, the seed layer and the coating layer are 2-3mm, 7-9mm, 11-13mm and 12-15mm in sequence.
Still further, the nutritional additives include one or more of rooting powder, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer.
Furthermore, the adhesive is formed by mixing one or two of carboxymethyl cellulose nano powder and polyvinyl alcohol powder.
Further, the water-retaining agent is a high molecular water-absorbing resin.
Furthermore, the meshes of the turfy soil, the nutritional additive and the high molecular water-absorbent resin are more than or equal to 200 meshes.
A method for preparing coated seeds, the seeds being gramineous tiny particle seeds with cilia and miscanthus, the method comprising the following steps:
1) Preparing a nutrient layer filler, a seed layer filler and a coating layer filler;
the turfy soil, talcum powder, bentonite and nutrition additive are mixed according to the mass ratio of 15-20:35-40:35-40: mixing 0-15 to obtain nutrient substance filler;
the adhesive, talcum powder and bentonite are mixed according to the mass ratio of 32-35:45-50:15-23, uniformly mixing to obtain a seed layer filler;
the water-retaining agent, talcum powder and bentonite are mixed according to the mass ratio of 13-20:62-65:18-22, and uniformly mixing to obtain a coating layer filler;
2) Processing a layer of nutrients
Spraying water mist to the surface of the inner core to moisten the inner core, wrapping the surface of the inner core with nutrient substance filler, preparing into nutrient substance spheres, and drying;
3) Sticking seeds
Spraying water mist to the surface of the nutrient substance sphere to moisten the nutrient substance sphere, wrapping the surface of the nutrient substance sphere with a seed layer filler, spraying gramineae tiny particle seeds to adhere the cilia of the seeds to the surface of the nutrient substance sphere, and rolling the seeds into spheres for later use;
4) Alternately spraying the coating layer filler and water on the surface of the seed layer, making into complete pill, and oven drying.
Further, before the seeds are stuck, talcum powder is used for scattering the stuck cilia.
Further, the number of seeds adhered on the surface of the nutrient substance layer is 8-10.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The working principle and the flow of the method are that the seeds are stuck on the nutrient substance layer and then are subjected to pelleting coating through the inner core of the pellet, so that grass seeds with cilia or miscanthus can be directly coated in the pellet without delinting and miscanthus processing, the interference of cilia and miscanthus of the gramineous tiny-particle seeds is solved, the sowing efficiency and the germination rate of the tiny grass seeds with cilia and miscanthus are improved, and the waste of seeds and the seedling raising cost are reduced.
(2) Aiming at the problems of high pellet hardness and difficult root taking caused by excessive binder, the technology improves the manufacturing method. Namely, the adhesive only plays a role of sticking seeds, the substance nutrition layer and the coating layer are fused with water by the filler for pelleting, thereby reducing the dosage of the adhesive, promoting the disintegration of pellets, improving the elongation growth of bacon,
(3) The adhesive powder is mixed with the seed layer filler, so that the concentration of the adhesive is increased to 32% -35% for the first time, the dosage of the adhesive is reduced, and the adhesive generates stronger viscosity when meeting water to adhere cilia and miscanthus sinensis of gramineous tiny grain grass seeds. Thus solving the problem that the tiny grass seeds with cilia and mango needles are easy to fall off after being pelleted.
(4) Through drought-resistant water-retaining treatment and other technologies, a plurality of materials with stronger water absorbability are added to be combined with the filler, so that the water supply capacity around the seeds is improved, the water utilization rate around the seeds and the germination potential of the seeds are improved, sufficient oxygen can be provided for the germinated seeds, and the drought-resistant adaptability of the seed germination and seedling stage is improved. Secondly, the water absorption and the cracking of the pellets can be quickened, the release of internal nutrient elements is promoted, and the viability of seedlings is enhanced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the pellet coating agent of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a comparison of sizes of Leymus chinensis seeds and millet.
FIG. 3 is a comparison of the sizes of the seeds of Fimbristylis gracilis and millet.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the invention. Unless otherwise indicated, the technical means used in the following examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise indicated.
Example 1
(1) Seed screening and impurity removal: selecting 1000 wild Chinese wildrye seeds (thousand grains weighing 0.29 g) with cilia and mango, and scattering the adhered cilia for later use by using talcum powder;
(2) Preparing a nutrient substance layer filling: crushing the turfy soil and the nutritional additives by using a crusher, sieving the crushed turfy soil and the nutritional additives to 200 meshes for standby, and mixing the turfy soil, talcum powder, bentonite and the nutritional additives according to the mass ratio of 15:37:37:11, uniformly mixing for later use; the nutrition additive comprises rooting powder, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer (the mass ratio is 1:8:2); the rooting powder is ABT rooting powder, the organic fertilizer is decomposed sheep manure, and the proportion of N, P, K in the compound fertilizer is 14-16-15;
(3) Processing a nutrient substance layer: spraying water until the surface of the inner core is uniformly wet (the particle size of the small mud balls used by the inner core is about 3 mm), adding a proper amount of nutrient substance filler to wrap the surface of the inner core, continuously and alternately repeating the water and the nutrient substance filler for a plurality of times to prepare nutrient substance spheres, drying, passing through an upper screen 9.0mm and a lower screen 8.0mm, and taking 100 spheres in the middle part;
(4) Preparing a seed layer filling: the mass ratio of the adhesive to the talcum powder to the bentonite is 34:50:16, and the adhesive is a mixture of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose powder and polyvinyl alcohol powder with the same quality;
(5) Sticking seeds: spraying 100 nutritive material balls onto the surface, adding seed layer filler containing adhesive, spraying the above 1000 Chinese medicinal materials to adhere cilia on the core surface, repeating the above steps for several times until Chinese medicinal materials are completely added, and rounding to obtain balls for use
(6) Coating layer filling materials are prepared: the water-retaining agent is high molecular water-absorbent resin which is ground and sieved to 200 meshes, and the coating layer filler comprises the following components in mass ratio of 17:62:21 are evenly mixed to prepare;
(7) Coating the pellets: alternately spraying the filler of the coating layer and water on the surface of the seed layer, continuously repeating the steps for a plurality of times until the filler is completely added, and preparing the complete pill;
(8) And (5) drying and storing.
Example 2
(1) Seed screening and impurity removal: selecting 1000 wild seeds (thousand seeds weight is 0.18 g) of the collected wild gracilis with the function of scattering the adhered cilis for standby use by using talcum powder;
(2) Preparing a nutrient substance layer filling: crushing turfy soil by using a crusher, sieving the turfy soil to 200 meshes for standby, and mixing the turfy soil, talcum powder, bentonite and nutritional additives according to the mass ratio of 15:37:37:11, uniformly mixing, wherein the nutrition additive comprises rooting powder, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer (the mass ratio is 1:8:2); the rooting powder is ABT rooting powder, the organic fertilizer is decomposed sheep manure, and the proportion of N, P, K in the compound fertilizer is 14-16-15;
(3) Processing a nutrient substance layer: spraying water to the surface of the inner core to be uniformly wet (the grain diameter of the peeled sorghum rice boiled by the boiled water used by the inner core is about 2.2 mm), wrapping the surface of the inner core with the added nutrient substance filler, continuously and alternately repeating the water and the nutrient substance filler for a plurality of times to prepare nutrient substance spheres, drying, passing through an upper screen 8.0mm and a lower screen 7.0mm, and taking 100 spheres in the middle part;
(4) Preparing a seed layer filling: the mass ratio of the adhesive, talcum powder and bentonite is 33:48:19, wherein the adhesive is a mixture of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose powder and polyvinyl alcohol powder with the same quality;
(5) Sticking seeds: spraying 100 nutrient substance balls onto the surface, adding seed layer filler containing adhesive, spraying 1000 seeds of the Fimbristylis gracilis to be used, adhering the cilia of the seeds on the surface of the core, repeating the steps for many times until all the seeds of the Fimbristylis gracilis are put into the ball, and rolling into balls for use;
(6) Coating layer filling materials are prepared: the water-retaining agent is high molecular water-absorbent resin which is ground and sieved to 200 meshes, and the coating layer filler comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 63:18, uniformly mixing to prepare;
(7) Coating the pellets: alternately spraying coating filler and water on the surface of the seed layer, and continuously repeating the steps for multiple times until the filler is completely added to prepare complete pellets;
(8) And (5) drying and storing.
Example 3
(1) Seed screening and impurity removal: selecting 1000 wild Chinese wildrye seeds (thousand grains weighing 0.29 g) with cilia and mango, and scattering the adhered cilia for later use by using talcum powder;
(2) Preparing a nutrient substance layer filling: crushing the turfy soil and the nutritional additives by using a crusher, sieving the crushed turfy soil and the nutritional additives to 200 meshes for standby, and mixing the turfy soil, talcum powder, bentonite and the nutritional additives according to the mass ratio of 20:37:37:6, uniformly mixing for later use; the nutrition additive comprises rooting powder, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer (the mass ratio is 1:3:2); the rooting powder is ABT rooting powder, the organic fertilizer is decomposed sheep manure, and the proportion of N, P, K in the compound fertilizer is 14-16-15;
(3) Processing a nutrient substance layer: spraying water until the surface of the inner core is uniformly wet (the particle size of the small mud balls used by the inner core is about 3 mm), adding a proper amount of nutrient substance filler to wrap the surface of the inner core, continuously and alternately repeating the water and the nutrient substance filler for a plurality of times to prepare nutrient substance spheres, drying, passing through an upper screen 9.0mm and a lower screen 8.0mm, and taking 100 spheres in the middle part;
(4) Preparing a seed layer filling: the mass ratio of the adhesive, talcum powder and bentonite is 35:49:16, and the adhesive is a mixture of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose powder and polyvinyl alcohol powder with the same quality;
(5) Sticking seeds: spraying 100 nutritive material balls onto the surface, adding seed layer filler containing adhesive, spraying the above 1000 Chinese medicinal materials to adhere cilia on the core surface, repeating the above steps for several times until Chinese medicinal materials are completely added, and rounding to obtain balls for use
(6) Coating layer filling materials are prepared: the water-retaining agent is macromolecule water-absorbent resin which is ground and sieved to 200 meshes, and the coating layer filler comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 65:22 are evenly mixed to prepare;
(7) Coating the pellets: alternately spraying the filler of the coating layer and water on the surface of the seed layer, continuously repeating the steps for a plurality of times until the filler is completely added, and preparing the complete pill;
(8) And (5) drying and storing.
Example 4
(1) Seed screening and impurity removal: selecting 1000 wild Chinese wildrye seeds (thousand grains weighing 0.29 g) with cilia and mango, and scattering the adhered cilia for later use by using talcum powder;
(2) Preparing a nutrient substance layer filling: crushing the turfy soil and the nutritional additives by using a crusher, sieving the crushed turfy soil and the nutritional additives to 200 meshes for standby, and mixing the turfy soil, talcum powder, bentonite and the nutritional additives according to the mass ratio of 15:36:36:13, uniformly mixing for later use; the nutritional additive comprises an organic fertilizer and a compound fertilizer (the mass ratio is 10:3), wherein the organic fertilizer is decomposed sheep manure, and the proportion of N, P, K in the compound fertilizer is 14-16-15;
(3) Processing a nutrient substance layer: spraying water until the surface of the inner core is uniformly wet (the particle size of the small mud balls used by the inner core is about 3 mm), adding a proper amount of nutrient substance filler to wrap the surface of the inner core, continuously and alternately repeating the water and the nutrient substance filler for a plurality of times to prepare nutrient substance spheres, drying, passing through an upper screen 9.0mm and a lower screen 8.0mm, and taking 100 spheres in the middle part;
(4) Preparing a seed layer filling: the mass ratio of the adhesive to the talcum powder to the bentonite is 34:50:16, and the adhesive is a mixture of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose powder and polyvinyl alcohol powder with the same quality;
(5) Sticking seeds: spraying 100 nutritive material balls onto the surface, adding seed layer filler containing adhesive, spraying the above 1000 Chinese medicinal materials to adhere cilia on the core surface, repeating the above steps for several times until Chinese medicinal materials are completely added, and rounding to obtain balls for use
(6) Coating layer filling materials are prepared: the water-retaining agent is high molecular water-absorbent resin which is ground and sieved to 200 meshes, and the coating layer filler comprises the following components in mass ratio of 17:62:21 are evenly mixed to prepare;
(7) Coating the pellets: alternately spraying the filler of the coating layer and water on the surface of the seed layer, continuously repeating the steps for a plurality of times until the filler is completely added, and preparing the complete pill;
(8) And (5) drying and storing.
Example 5
(1) Seed screening and impurity removal: selecting 1000 wild Chinese wildrye seeds (thousand grains weighing 0.29 g) with cilia and mango, and scattering the adhered cilia for later use by using talcum powder;
(2) Preparing a nutrient substance layer filling: crushing the turfy soil and the nutritional additives by using a crusher, sieving the crushed turfy soil and the nutritional additives to 200 meshes for standby, and mixing the turfy soil, talcum powder, bentonite and the nutritional additives according to the mass ratio of 15:37:37:11, uniformly mixing for later use; the nutrition additive comprises rooting powder, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer (the mass ratio is 1:8:2); the rooting powder is ABT rooting powder, the organic fertilizer is decomposed sheep manure, and the proportion of N, P, K in the compound fertilizer is 14-16-15;
(3) Processing a nutrient substance layer: spraying water until the surface of the inner core is uniformly wet (the particle size of the small mud balls used by the inner core is about 3 mm), adding a proper amount of nutrient substance filler to wrap the surface of the inner core, continuously and alternately repeating the water and the nutrient substance filler for a plurality of times to prepare nutrient substance spheres, drying, passing through an upper screen 9.0mm and a lower screen 8.0mm, and taking 100 spheres in the middle part;
(4) Preparing a seed layer filling: the mass ratio of the adhesive to the talcum powder to the bentonite is 34:50:16, uniformly mixing, wherein the adhesive is carboxymethyl cellulose nano powder;
(5) Sticking seeds: spraying 100 nutritive material balls onto the surface, adding seed layer filler containing adhesive, spraying the above 1000 Chinese medicinal materials to adhere cilia on the core surface, repeating the above steps for several times until Chinese medicinal materials are completely added, and rounding to obtain balls for use
(6) Coating layer filling materials are prepared: the water-retaining agent is high molecular water-absorbent resin which is ground and sieved to 200 meshes, and the mass ratio of the water-retaining agent to talcum powder to bentonite is 17:62:21 are evenly mixed to prepare;
(7) Coating the pellets: alternately spraying the filler of the coating layer and water on the surface of the seed layer, continuously repeating the steps for a plurality of times until the filler is completely added, and preparing the complete pill;
(8) And (5) drying and storing.
Example 6
(1) Seed screening and impurity removal: selecting 1000 wild Chinese wildrye seeds (thousand grains weighing 0.29 g) with cilia and mango, and scattering the adhered cilia for later use by using talcum powder;
(2) Preparing a nutrient substance layer filling: crushing the turfy soil and the nutritional additives by using a crusher, sieving the crushed turfy soil and the nutritional additives to 200 meshes for standby, and mixing the turfy soil, talcum powder, bentonite and the nutritional additives according to the mass ratio of 15:37:37:11, uniformly mixing for later use; the nutrition additive comprises rooting powder, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer (the mass ratio is 1:8:2); the rooting powder is ABT rooting powder, the organic fertilizer is decomposed sheep manure, and the proportion of N, P, K in the compound fertilizer is 14-16-15;
(3) Processing a nutrient substance layer: spraying water until the surface of the inner core is uniformly wet (the particle size of the small mud balls used by the inner core is about 3 mm), adding a proper amount of nutrient substance filler to wrap the surface of the inner core, continuously and alternately repeating the water and the nutrient substance filler for a plurality of times to prepare nutrient substance spheres, drying, passing through an upper screen 9.0mm and a lower screen 8.0mm, and taking 100 spheres in the middle part;
(4) Preparing a seed layer filling: the mass ratio of the adhesive to the talcum powder to the bentonite is 34:50:16, uniformly mixing, wherein the adhesive is polyvinyl alcohol powder;
(5) Sticking seeds: spraying 100 nutritive material balls onto the surface, adding seed layer filler containing adhesive, spraying the above 1000 Chinese medicinal materials to adhere cilia on the core surface, repeating the above steps for several times until Chinese medicinal materials are completely added, and rounding to obtain balls for use
(6) Coating layer filling materials are prepared: the water-retaining agent is high molecular water-absorbent resin which is ground and sieved to 200 meshes, and the mass ratio of the water-retaining agent to talcum powder to bentonite is 17:62:21 are evenly mixed to prepare;
(7) Coating the pellets: alternately spraying the filler of the coating layer and water on the surface of the seed layer, continuously repeating the steps for a plurality of times until the filler is completely added, and preparing the complete pill;
(8) And (5) drying and storing.
Comparative example 1
(1) Seed screening and impurity removal: selecting 1000 wild Chinese wildrye seeds (thousand grains weighing 0.29 g) with cilia and mango, and scattering the adhered cilia for later use by using talcum powder;
(2) Preparing a nutrient substance layer filling: crushing the turfy soil and the nutritional additives by using a crusher, sieving the crushed turfy soil and the nutritional additives to 200 meshes for standby, and mixing the turfy soil, talcum powder, bentonite and the nutritional additives according to the mass ratio of 15:37:37:11, uniformly mixing for later use; the nutrition additive comprises rooting powder, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer (the mass ratio is 1:8:2); the rooting powder is ABT rooting powder, the organic fertilizer is decomposed sheep manure, and the proportion of N, P, K in the compound fertilizer is 14-16-15;
(3) Processing a nutrient substance layer: spraying water until the surface of the inner core is uniformly wet (the particle size of the small mud balls used by the inner core is about 3 mm), adding a proper amount of nutrient substance filler to wrap the surface of the inner core, continuously and alternately repeating the water and the nutrient substance filler for a plurality of times to prepare nutrient substance spheres, drying, passing through an upper screen 9.0mm and a lower screen 8.0mm, and taking 100 spheres in the middle part;
(4) Preparing a seed layer filling: the mass ratio of the adhesive to the talcum powder to the bentonite is 10:63:27, wherein the adhesive is a mixture of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose powder and polyvinyl alcohol powder with the same quality;
(5) Sticking seeds: spraying 100 nutritive material balls onto the surface, adding seed layer filler containing adhesive, spraying the above 1000 Chinese medicinal materials to adhere cilia on the core surface, repeating the above steps for several times until Chinese medicinal materials are completely added, and rounding to obtain balls for use
(6) Coating layer filling materials are prepared: the water-retaining agent is high molecular water-absorbent resin which is ground and sieved to 200 meshes, and the mass ratio of the water-retaining agent to talcum powder to bentonite is 17:62:21 are evenly mixed to prepare;
(7) Coating the pellets: alternately spraying the filler of the coating layer and water on the surface of the seed layer, continuously repeating the steps for a plurality of times until the filler is completely added, and preparing the complete pill;
(8) And (5) drying and storing.
Comparative example 2
(1) Seed screening and impurity removal: selecting 1000 wild Chinese wildrye seeds (thousand grains weighing 0.29 g) with cilia and mango, and scattering the adhered cilia for later use by using talcum powder;
(2) Preparing a nutrient substance layer filling: crushing the turfy soil and the nutritional additives by using a crusher, sieving the crushed turfy soil and the nutritional additives to 200 meshes for standby, and mixing the turfy soil, talcum powder, bentonite and the nutritional additives according to the mass ratio of 15:37:37:11, uniformly mixing for later use; the nutrition additive comprises rooting powder, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer (the mass ratio is 1:8:2); the rooting powder is ABT rooting powder, the organic fertilizer is decomposed sheep manure, and the proportion of N, P, K in the compound fertilizer is 14-16-15;
(3) Processing a nutrient substance layer: spraying water until the surface of the inner core is uniformly wet (the particle size of the small mud balls used by the inner core is about 3 mm), adding a proper amount of nutrient substance filler to wrap the surface of the inner core, continuously and alternately repeating the water and the nutrient substance filler for a plurality of times to prepare nutrient substance spheres, drying, passing through an upper screen 9.0mm and a lower screen 8.0mm, and taking 100 spheres in the middle part;
(4) Preparing a seed layer filling: the mass ratio of the adhesive to the talcum powder to the bentonite is 34:50:16, and the adhesive is a mixture of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose powder and polyvinyl alcohol powder with the same quality;
(5) Sticking seeds: spraying 100 nutritive material balls onto the surface, adding seed layer filler containing adhesive, spraying the above 1000 Chinese medicinal materials to adhere cilia on the core surface, repeating the above steps for several times until Chinese medicinal materials are completely added, and rounding to obtain balls for use
(6) Coating layer filling materials are prepared: the water-retaining agent is high molecular water-absorbent resin which is ground and sieved to 200 meshes, and the mass ratio of the water-retaining agent to talcum powder to bentonite is 5:72:23 is evenly mixed to prepare;
(7) Coating the pellets: alternately spraying the filler of the coating layer and water on the surface of the seed layer, continuously repeating the steps for a plurality of times until the filler is completely added, and preparing the complete pill;
(8) And (5) drying and storing.
Comparative example 3
(1) Seed screening and impurity removal: selecting 1000 wild Chinese wildrye seeds (thousand grains weighing 0.29 g) with cilia and mango, and scattering the adhered cilia for later use by using talcum powder;
(2) Preparing a nutrient substance layer filling: crushing the turfy soil and the nutritional additives by using a crusher, sieving the crushed turfy soil and the nutritional additives to 200 meshes for standby, and mixing the turfy soil, talcum powder, bentonite and the nutritional additives according to the mass ratio of 15:37:37:11, uniformly mixing for later use; the nutrition additive comprises rooting powder, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer (the mass ratio is 1:8:2); the rooting powder is ABT rooting powder, the organic fertilizer is decomposed sheep manure, and the proportion of N, P, K in the compound fertilizer is 14-16-15;
(3) Processing a nutrient substance layer: spraying water until the surface of the inner core is uniformly wet (the particle size of the small mud balls used by the inner core is about 3 mm), adding a proper amount of nutrient substance filler to wrap the surface of the inner core, continuously and alternately repeating the water and the nutrient substance filler for a plurality of times to prepare nutrient substance spheres, drying, passing through an upper screen 9.0mm and a lower screen 8.0mm, and taking 100 spheres in the middle part;
(4) Preparing a seed layer filling: the mass ratio of the adhesive to the talcum powder to the bentonite is 34:33:33, wherein the adhesive is a mixture of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose powder and polyvinyl alcohol powder with the same quality;
(5) Sticking seeds: spraying 100 nutritive material balls onto the surface, adding seed layer filler containing adhesive, spraying the above 1000 Chinese medicinal materials to adhere cilia on the core surface, repeating the above steps for several times until Chinese medicinal materials are completely added, and rounding to obtain balls for use
(6) Coating layer filling materials are prepared: the water-retaining agent is high molecular water-absorbent resin which is ground and sieved to 200 meshes, and the mass ratio of the water-retaining agent to talcum powder to bentonite is 16:42:42, uniformly mixing;
(7) Coating the pellets: alternately spraying the filler of the coating layer and water on the surface of the seed layer, continuously repeating the steps for a plurality of times until the filler is completely added, and preparing the complete pill;
(8) And (5) drying and storing.
The structural cross-section of the pelleting coating agent is shown in figure 1, the forms of the leymus chinensis seeds and the festuca arundinacea seeds are shown in figures 2-3, the coating seeds are planted by combining the above examples and comparative examples, the physicochemical properties of the pellets are measured, and the detection results are shown in table 1:
table 1 germination rate and physical and chemical properties of pellets in examples
It should be noted that, when the claims refer to numerical ranges, it should be understood that two endpoints of each numerical range and any numerical value between the two endpoints are optional, and the present invention describes the preferred embodiments for preventing redundancy.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. The pelleting coating agent for the gramineae ciliated micro-grain seeds is characterized in that the seeds are provided with cilia and mango needles, and the pelleting coating agent sequentially comprises an inner core, a nutrient substance layer, a seed layer and a coating layer from inside to outside;
the inner core is selected from any one of mud balls, mung beans and sorghum rice;
the nutrient substance layer is prepared from turfy soil, talcum powder, bentonite and nutrition additives in 15-20:35-40:35-40:0-15 mass ratio;
the seed layer consists of 32-35% of adhesive, talcum powder and bentonite: 45-50:15-23 mass ratio;
the coating layer is prepared from water-retaining agent, talcum powder and bentonite in a proportion of 13-20:62-65:18-22 mass ratio.
2. The pelleting coating agent according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the inner core, the nutrient layer, the seed layer and the coating layer is 2-3mm, 7-9mm, 11-13mm, 12-15mm in this order.
3. The pelleting coating agent according to claim 2, wherein the nutritional additive comprises one or more of rooting powder, organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer.
4. The pelleting coating agent according to claim 3, wherein the binder is one or two of carboxymethyl cellulose powder and polyvinyl alcohol powder.
5. The pelleting coating agent according to claim 4, wherein the water-retaining agent is a high molecular water-absorbent resin.
6. The pelletization coating agent according to claim 5, wherein the mesh number of the peatmoss, the nutritional additive and the high molecular water absorbent resin is not less than 200 mesh.
7. A process for the preparation of coated seeds, characterized in that the seeds are coated with the pelletised coating agent according to claim 6, said seeds being fine gramineous seeds with cilia and miscanthus sinensis, said process comprising in particular the following steps:
1) Preparing a nutrient layer filler, a seed layer filler and a coating layer filler;
the turfy soil, talcum powder, bentonite and nutrition additive are mixed according to the mass ratio of 15-20:35-40:35-40: mixing 0-15 to obtain nutrient substance filler;
the adhesive, talcum powder and bentonite are mixed according to the mass ratio of 32-35:45-50:15-23, uniformly mixing to obtain a seed layer filler;
the water-retaining agent, talcum powder and bentonite are mixed according to the mass ratio of 13-20:62-65:18-22, and uniformly mixing to obtain a coating layer filler;
2) Processing a layer of nutrients
Spraying water mist to the surface of the inner core to moisten the inner core, wrapping the surface of the inner core with nutrient substance filler, preparing into nutrient substance spheres, and drying;
3) Sticking seeds
Spraying water mist to the surface of the nutrient substance sphere to moisten the nutrient substance sphere, wrapping the surface of the nutrient substance sphere with a seed layer filler, spraying gramineae tiny particle seeds to adhere the cilia of the seeds to the surface of the nutrient substance sphere, and rolling the seeds into spheres for later use;
4) Alternately spraying the coating layer filler and water on the surface of the seed layer, making into complete pill, and oven drying.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the coating seeds are coated with talc to break up the adherent cilia prior to application.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the number of seeds adhered to the surface of the nutrient layer is 8-10.
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