CN116760485A - Array antenna system radio frequency index test method and system - Google Patents
Array antenna system radio frequency index test method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN116760485A CN116760485A CN202311029329.6A CN202311029329A CN116760485A CN 116760485 A CN116760485 A CN 116760485A CN 202311029329 A CN202311029329 A CN 202311029329A CN 116760485 A CN116760485 A CN 116760485A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
- H04B17/101—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for measurement of specific parameters of the transmitter or components thereof
- H04B17/102—Power radiated at antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/0082—Monitoring; Testing using service channels; using auxiliary channels
- H04B17/0085—Monitoring; Testing using service channels; using auxiliary channels using test signal generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/20—Monitoring; Testing of receivers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
- H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
- H04B17/336—Signal-to-interference ratio [SIR] or carrier-to-interference ratio [CIR]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The application provides a method and a system for testing radio frequency indexes of an array antenna system, which relate to the technical field of radio frequency index testing, and are used for modulating and converting data transmitted by a radio frequency module and transmitting radio frequency transmission signals to a combiner; the Gaussian white noise generator outputs Gaussian white noise signals to the combiner; the combiner adds the radio frequency transmission signal and the Gaussian white noise signal and outputs the added signal to the receiver; the data output after demodulation by the receiver is sent to a transmission analyzer, and the Gaussian white noise threshold of the array antenna system at the moment is measured; adjusting a signal source of Gaussian white noise according to a test requirement, and setting the noise frequency to be the same as the test channel frequency; connecting the radio frequency module to the test equipment; the test device compares the transmitted data with the received data and calculates the received sensitivity and the maximum power of the transmitter based on the comparison result.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of radio frequency index testing, in particular to a method and a system for testing radio frequency indexes of an array antenna system.
Background
With the development of 5G communication technology, a large-scale array antenna technology with a vibrator size reaching millimeter level is applied to 5G communication products. Millimeter wave circuit designs and large-scale phased array antenna applications require the integration of the antenna with a remote radio unit (Radio Remote Unit, RRU) to form an active antenna system (Active Antenna System, AAS). The 3GPP (3 rd Generation Partnership Project) standard specifies that AAS base stations belong to 2-O type 5G equipment, whose radio frequency index must be measured in darkroom by Over The Air (OTA) means. However, currently, when measuring two radio frequency indexes, namely ACLR (Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio, adjacent channel leakage power ratio) and spurious of an array antenna, in order to obtain a more accurate measurement result, the steps set during sampling are smaller, so that the sampling points are too many, and the efficiency of measuring ACLR and spurious is lower.
The conventional base station equipment itself has a radio frequency port, and the radio frequency index is usually tested by adopting a conduction test method, and a reference point of the test is at the radio frequency port of the equipment.
The array antenna system is used as a base station communication subsystem of the integration of the multichannel transceiver and the base station antenna, is integrated equipment of the antenna and the multichannel transceiver, has an internal interface, is difficult to directly test a radio frequency port in engineering, and thus brings challenges to the test of the active antenna system.
Testing an active antenna system using a conduction test method of a conventional base station apparatus requires splitting apart an active portion of the active antenna system and an antenna array portion. For an active antenna system, the integrated topological structure is destroyed, and meanwhile, the design complexity is increased, and the equipment integration level is influenced.
In The prior art, an OTA (Over The Air, space radio frequency) is adopted to test The AAS, and The AAS can be completely tested for space characteristics and radio frequency performance. But OTA testing requires specialized darkroom and synchronization equipment and requires complex test procedures and long test cycles. And because of high test cost and low test efficiency, the test device is relatively suitable for research and development, sampling authentication test and the like. The OTA test is unnecessary for the conditions such as production batch test and the like; meanwhile, for some CE authentication tests, the CE authentication test is required to be performed in a closed high-low temperature environment, and the implementation of the CE authentication test by using an OTA test is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the application provides a method for testing radio frequency indexes of an array antenna system, which comprises the following steps:
s1, modulating and frequency-converting data transmitted by a radio frequency module, and transmitting a radio frequency transmission signal to a combiner;
s2, the Gaussian white noise generator outputs Gaussian white noise signals to the combiner;
s3, adding the radio frequency transmission signal and the Gaussian white noise signal by the combiner, and outputting the added signal to the receiver;
s4, the data output after demodulation of the receiver is sent to a transmission analyzer, and the Gaussian white noise threshold of the array antenna system at the moment is measured;
s5, adjusting a signal source of Gaussian white noise according to test requirements, and setting the noise frequency to be the same as the test channel frequency;
s6, connecting the radio frequency module to test equipment; the test device compares the transmitted data with the received data and calculates the received sensitivity and the maximum power of the transmitter based on the comparison result.
Further, the gain of each of the radio frequency ports is compensated, and the output signal is represented by the formula:
；
where a is the amplitude of the input signal,the input signal angular frequency is the input signal angular frequency, wherein V represents the voltage of the input signal, and I represents the inductance current of the output signal; g is the linear gain factor of the radio frequency circuit, +.>And->The second power gain and the third power gain are obtained;
filtering out frequency components of the output signal, which are integral multiples of the frequency of the input signalIs->Is a harmonic of (a).
Further, after the harmonic wave is reduced, setting the average power of the test signal, and the calculation formula of the receiving sensitivity S is as follows:
；
where NF is the system noise figure and SNR is the demodulation signal-to-noise ratio.
Further, according to the test standard, the test equipment is connected, the transmitting power of the radio frequency module is continuously reduced by taking 0.1dBm as a step length, the frame error rate of the receiver is observed, when the frame error rate just reaches 5%, the power of the radio frequency front end of the transmitter is the reference sensitivity of the receiver, and the reference sensitivity is compared with the calculated sensitivity, so that the sensitivity is tested.
Further, the throughput is measured by measuring the frame error rate, and the relative throughput T measured once is represented by the frame error rate FER:
T=1-FER。
further, the signal amplitude of the radio frequency module is adjusted, so that the demodulation sensitivity of the array antenna system to the modulated signal is minimum, and the equivalent omni-directional receiving sensitivity EIRS is obtained:
EIRS ＝ Rs-Gr ＝ Ps-(Ly-Gh+Ls) ＝ Ps-ΔPc；
wherein Rs is the received power level detected by the array antenna system; gr is the receive antenna gain; ps is the value of the power of the output modulation signal of the vector signal generator; Δpc is a calibration parameter, ly is a difference loss of the radio frequency antenna; gh is the receiving gain; ls is the spatial path loss.
The application also provides a radio frequency index test system of the array antenna system, which is used for realizing a radio frequency index test method, and comprises the following steps: the system comprises a transmission analyzer, a modulator, a Gaussian white noise generator, a combiner, a receiver, test equipment, a gain compensation module and a filter;
the transmission analyzer sends data to the modulator;
the modulator modulates and frequency-converts the data and sends a radio frequency transmission signal to the combiner;
the Gaussian white noise generator outputs Gaussian white noise signals to the combiner;
the combiner adds the radio frequency transmission signal and the Gaussian white noise signal and outputs the added signal to the receiver;
the receiver is used for transmitting the data output after the added signals are demodulated to the transmission analyzer;
connecting a radio frequency module to the test equipment, and comparing the transmitted data with the received data by the test equipment;
the gain compensation module compensates the gain of each port of the radio frequency ports;
the filter is used for reducing harmonic waves caused by nonlinear characteristics of the radio frequency device.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial technical effects:
modulating and frequency-converting the data transmitted by the radio frequency module, and transmitting a radio frequency transmission signal to a combiner; the Gaussian white noise generator outputs Gaussian white noise signals to the combiner; the combiner adds the radio frequency transmission signal and the Gaussian white noise signal and outputs the added signal to the receiver; the data output after demodulation by the receiver is sent to a transmission analyzer, and the Gaussian white noise threshold of the array antenna system at the moment is measured; adjusting a signal source of Gaussian white noise according to a test requirement, and setting the noise frequency to be the same as the test channel frequency; connecting the radio frequency module to the test equipment; the test device compares the transmitted data with the received data and calculates the received sensitivity and the maximum power of the transmitter based on the comparison result.
Drawings
For a clearer description of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it will be apparent that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art:
fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for testing radio frequency index of an array antenna system according to the present application.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
In the drawings of the specific embodiments of the present application, in order to better and more clearly describe the working principle of each element in the system, the connection relationship of each part in the device is represented, but only the relative positional relationship between each element is clearly distinguished, and the limitations on the signal transmission direction, connection sequence and the structure size, dimension and shape of each part in the element or structure cannot be constructed.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for testing radio frequency index of an array antenna system according to the present application, which comprises the following steps:
the radio frequency module sends data to the modulator, the modulator modulates and converts the data, then sends a radio frequency transmission signal to the combiner, the Gaussian white noise generator outputs a Gaussian white noise signal to the combiner, the combiner adds the radio frequency transmission signal and the Gaussian white noise signal, the added signal is output to the receiver, the data output after demodulation of the receiver is sent to the transmission analyzer, and the Gaussian white noise threshold of the array antenna system at the moment is measured and recorded as h1 in dB.
Setting the output power of the modulator to a certain value c0, setting the output of the Gaussian white noise generator to 0, and normally receiving the received signal by a receiver without interference of white noise at the moment;
the receiver sends the demodulated code stream to a transmission analyzer, and the transmission analyzer displays that the transmission error rate is 0 at the moment;
increasing the output power of the Gaussian white noise generator to gradually increase the Gaussian white noise mixed into the signal until the receiver cannot normally receive the signal;
gradually reducing the output power of the Gaussian white noise generator until the receiver resumes receiving, and displaying that the error rate is lower than a threshold value e by the transmission analyzer;
measuring the output power of the Gaussian white noise generator at the moment, and recording the output power as n1;
and taking the carrier-to-noise ratio c0/n1 as a carrier-to-noise ratio threshold h1 of the system under the Gaussian white noise channel.
And adjusting a signal source of Gaussian white noise according to the test requirement, wherein the set noise frequency is the same as the test channel frequency.
Connecting the radio frequency module to the test equipment; the test device compares the transmitted data with the received data and calculates the received sensitivity and the maximum power of the transmitter based on the comparison result.
The ability of the radio frequency module to receive the minimum transmit power is verified. The radio frequency sensitivity is affected by the capacity of the radio frequency to comprehensively receive and transmit signals, the mode of modulating signals and other factors. The test standard of the application prescribes that the radio frequency sensitivity index test is carried out under the test conditions of low signal level, ideal propagation condition and no loading noise, and the capability of the minimum transmitting power of the signal received by the receiver is verified to meet the requirement.
Compensating the gain of each port of the radio frequency ports, wherein the output signal is represented by the formula:
；
where a is the amplitude of the input signal,the input signal angular frequency is the input signal angular frequency, wherein V represents the voltage of the input signal, and I represents the inductance current of the output signal; g is the linear gain factor of the radio frequency circuit, +.>And->The square gain and the square gain are obtained.
The output signal generates frequency components integral with the frequency of the input signalIs->The harmonic wave caused by the nonlinear characteristic of the radio frequency device is obtained. Harmonic phenomena caused by radio frequency nonlinearity increase with the increase of the higher-order gain of the device. During communication, the reception of the radio frequency signal is not substantially affected, since the harmonic frequencies are far from the useful signal frequencies. In the transmitter, the harmonic signals directly interfere with other channels and systems, and the influence of harmonic phenomena is reduced by adding a filter in the radio frequency module.
In a preferred embodiment, the Rayleigh resolution of the target array antenna is determined. In determining the rayleigh resolution of the target array antenna, the rayleigh resolution of the target array antenna in the wave vector space may be determined. The rayleigh resolution (u, v) of the wave vector space can be obtained by:
；
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,for the minimum Rayleigh resolution of the target array antenna corresponding to the y-direction in wave vector space,/for the target array antenna>For the minimum Rayleigh resolution of the target array antenna corresponding to the z direction in the wave vector space, lambda is the signal wavelength, < + >>And->And the maximum antenna calibers of the target array antenna corresponding to the y-axis direction and the z-axis direction of the spherical coordinate system are respectively obtained.
And determining sampling points of the target array antenna in a spherical coordinate system according to the Rayleigh resolution and the normalized wave vector space algorithm.
Determining a sampling interval (Deltau, deltav) of the wave vector space from the Rayleigh resolution of the wave vector space such that the sampling interval (Deltau, deltav) is less than or equal to the minimum Rayleigh resolution, namely: delta u is less than or equal to，Δv≤/>。
M uniform sampling points can be determined in the wave vector space by taking (delta u, delta v) as sampling intervals, the M uniform sampling points in the wave vector space are converted into sampling points in the angle space of the spherical coordinate system according to the conversion relation between the normalized wave vector space and the angle space, and the M uniform sampling points can be convertedM non-uniform sampling points mapped into angular space of spherical coordinate systemI is E M, M is a positive integer. When the EIRP of the target array antenna at the sampling points is measured, the test antenna and M non-uniform sampling points can be made to be +>And overlapping so as to measure and obtain the EIRP of the target array antenna at the sampling points.
After the harmonic wave is reduced, setting the average power of the test signal, and calculating the receiving sensitivity S as follows:
；
where NF is the system noise figure and SNR is the demodulation signal-to-noise ratio.
The ability of the radio frequency module to receive the minimum transmit power is verified. The radio frequency sensitivity is affected by the capacity of the radio frequency to comprehensively receive and transmit signals, the mode of modulating signals and other factors. The test standard of the application prescribes that the radio frequency sensitivity index test is carried out under the test conditions of low signal level, ideal propagation condition and no loading noise, and the capability of the minimum transmitting power of the signal received by the receiver is verified to meet the requirement.
Firstly, setting an environment of an ideal channel without interference, and connecting test equipment according to a test standard. The transmitting power of the radio frequency module is continuously reduced by taking 0.1dBm as a step length, and meanwhile, the frame error rate of the receiver is observed. When the frame error rate just reaches 5%, the power of the radio frequency front end of the transmitter is the reference sensitivity of the receiver.
The reference sensitivity is compared with the calculated sensitivity, thereby testing the sensitivity.
And measuring throughput by adopting a mode of measuring the frame error rate, wherein the throughput is the ratio of effective information successfully received by a receiver to a test period in one measurement period. And the frame error rate is the ratio of the number of erroneous subframes to the total number of subframes in one measurement period. The relative throughput T of a single measurement can thus be represented by the frame error rate FER:
T=1-FER。
in a preferred embodiment, the signal amplitude of the radio frequency module is adjusted so that the demodulation sensitivity of the array antenna system to the modulated signal is minimized, and the equivalent omni-directional receiving sensitivity EIRS is obtained:
EIRS ＝ Rs-Gr ＝ Ps-(Ly-Gh+Ls) ＝ Ps-ΔPc；
wherein Rs is the received power level detected by the array antenna system; gr is the receive antenna gain; ps is the value of the power of the output modulation signal of the vector signal generator; Δpc is a calibration parameter, ly is a difference loss of the radio frequency antenna; gh is the receiving gain; ls is the spatial path loss.
The application relates to a radio frequency index test system of an array antenna system, which comprises: a transmission analyzer, a modulator, a gaussian white noise generator, a combiner, a receiver, a test device, a gain compensation module and a filter.
A transmission analyzer that sends data to the modulator;
the modulator modulates and frequency-converts the data and sends a radio frequency transmission signal to the combiner;
a Gaussian white noise generator for outputting Gaussian white noise signals to the combiner;
the combiner adds the radio frequency transmission signal and the Gaussian white noise signal and outputs the added signal to the receiver;
a receiver for transmitting data outputted after demodulation of the added signals to a transmission analyzer;
connecting the radio frequency module to test equipment, and comparing the transmitted data with the received data by the test equipment;
the gain compensation module is used for compensating the gain of each port of the radio frequency ports;
and the filter is used for reducing harmonic waves caused by nonlinear characteristics of the radio frequency device.
In the above embodiments, it may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When loaded and executed on a computer, produces a flow or function in accordance with embodiments of the present application, in whole or in part. The computer may be a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable apparatus. The computer instructions may be stored in or transmitted across a computer-readable storage medium. The computer readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. that contains an integration of one or more available media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (e.g., a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., a Solid State Disk (SSD)), or the like.
While the application has been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and substitutions of equivalents may be made and equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the application. Therefore, the protection scope of the application is subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. The method for testing the radio frequency index of the array antenna system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, modulating and frequency-converting data transmitted by a radio frequency module, and transmitting a radio frequency transmission signal to a combiner;
s2, the Gaussian white noise generator outputs Gaussian white noise signals to the combiner;
s3, adding the radio frequency transmission signal and the Gaussian white noise signal by the combiner, and outputting the added signal to the receiver;
s4, the data output after demodulation of the receiver is sent to a transmission analyzer, and the Gaussian white noise threshold of the array antenna system at the moment is measured;
s5, adjusting a signal source of Gaussian white noise according to test requirements, and setting the noise frequency to be the same as the test channel frequency;
s6, connecting the radio frequency module to test equipment; the test device compares the transmitted data with the received data and calculates the received sensitivity and the maximum power of the transmitter based on the comparison result.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the gain of each of the radio frequency ports is compensated, and the output signal is represented by the formula:
；
where a is the amplitude of the input signal,the input signal angular frequency is the input signal angular frequency, wherein V represents the voltage of the input signal, and I represents the inductance current of the output signal; g is the linear gain factor of the radio frequency circuit, +.>And->The second power gain and the third power gain are obtained;
filtering out frequency components of the output signal, which are integral multiples of the frequency of the input signalIs->Is a harmonic of (a).
3. The method for testing radio frequency indicators according to claim 2, wherein after the harmonic is reduced, setting an average power of the test signal, and the calculation formula of the receiving sensitivity S is as follows:
；
where NF is the system noise figure and SNR is the demodulation signal-to-noise ratio.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the test equipment is connected according to a test standard, the transmitting power of the radio frequency module is continuously reduced by taking 0.1dBm as a step length, the frame error rate of the receiver is observed, when the frame error rate reaches 5%, the power of the radio frequency front end of the transmitter is the reference sensitivity of the receiver, and the reference sensitivity is compared with the calculated sensitivity, so as to test the sensitivity.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the throughput is measured by measuring a frame error rate, and the relative throughput T measured once is represented by a frame error rate FER:
T=1-FER。
6. the method for testing radio frequency indicators according to claim 1, wherein the signal amplitude of the radio frequency module is adjusted so as to minimize the demodulation sensitivity of the array antenna system to the modulated signal, thereby obtaining an equivalent omni-directional reception sensitivity EIRS:
EIRS ＝ Rs-Gr ＝ Ps-(Ly-Gh+Ls) ＝ Ps-ΔPc；
wherein Rs is the received power level detected by the array antenna system; gr is the receive antenna gain; ps is the value of the power of the output modulation signal of the vector signal generator; Δpc is a calibration parameter, ly is a difference loss of the radio frequency antenna; gh is the receiving gain; ls is the spatial path loss.
7. An array antenna system radio frequency index testing system for implementing the radio frequency index testing method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the radio frequency index testing system comprises: the system comprises a transmission analyzer, a modulator, a Gaussian white noise generator, a combiner, a receiver, test equipment, a gain compensation module and a filter;
the transmission analyzer sends data to the modulator;
the modulator modulates and frequency-converts the data and sends a radio frequency transmission signal to the combiner;
the Gaussian white noise generator outputs Gaussian white noise signals to the combiner;
the combiner adds the radio frequency transmission signal and the Gaussian white noise signal and outputs the added signal to the receiver;
the receiver is used for transmitting the data output after the added signals are demodulated to the transmission analyzer;
connecting a radio frequency module to the test equipment, and comparing the transmitted data with the received data by the test equipment;
the gain compensation module compensates the gain of each port of the radio frequency ports;
the filter is used for reducing harmonic waves caused by nonlinear characteristics of the radio frequency device.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117318847A (en) * | 2023-09-27 | 2023-12-29 | 北京唯得科技有限公司 | Frequency shifting device testing method, system, device and medium |
| CN117318847B (en) * | 2023-09-27 | 2024-05-07 | 北京唯得科技有限公司 | Frequency shifting device testing method, system, device and medium |
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| CN116760485B (en) | 2023-12-01 |
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