CN116757368A - GIS-based emergency shelter assessment and location selection method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a GIS-based emergency refuge site evaluation and location selection method and system, comprising a GIS-based emergency refuge site evaluation and location selection method and a GIS-based emergency refuge site evaluation and location selection system, wherein the GIS-based emergency refuge site evaluation and location selection method comprises the following steps: s1, evaluating suitability through a multi-target intelligent gray target decision model; s2, analyzing a service area; s3, site selection analysis; the GIS-based emergency refuge site evaluation and location selection system comprises a data storage module, a GIS module, an index evaluation module and a location selection analysis module, and solves the problems that an evaluation system is not comprehensive, scientific and objective enough, deep combination with the GIS is avoided, and a more scientific and convenient location selection method is not available in the existing evaluation and location selection method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geographic information, in particular to a GIS-based emergency refuge site assessment and location selection method and system.
Background
The geographical environment of China is complex, various natural disasters such as earthquake, flood, debris flow and the like occur, the loss caused by sudden events is remarkable each year, and the disaster situation is severe. In order to effectively cope with and lighten urban disasters, the development of emergency refuge site planning and construction in various places is one of important measures for effectively coping with urban disasters. The construction of the emergency shelter can provide shelter for people for direct and indirect injury brought by disasters in a period of time after the disasters, and ensure the life of the disaster victims in the disaster. The emergency refuge site has the functions of providing residence, refuge and the like for refuge people after the disaster is happened, and becomes a gathering place for rescuing people by government, transferring and setting population and reconstructing after the disaster is happened. The emergency shelter can be used as a simulation platform for people emergency escape and disaster exercise at ordinary times, so that emergency escape knowledge is publicized, and the disaster prevention emergency consciousness of citizens is improved.
For this reason, a great deal of research and construction work about the emergency refuge sites are carried out at home and abroad, and the construction and research of the emergency refuge sites in China are later than the foreign start, but in recent years, with the importance of government and the enhancement of the disaster reduction consciousness of people, the investment is also increased, and the rapid development stage is presented. However, the adaptability to the planning and construction results of the emergency shelter is a work to be checked and evaluated. The problems of whether the built and planned newly built refuge can be normally put into use or not and whether the requirements of surrounding masses are met are all the problems of deep research.
At present, the research on the performance evaluation of the urban emergency shelter is mainly focused on the aspects of the suitability evaluation, accessibility analysis and the like of the emergency shelter. However, along with the promotion of construction work of emergency refuge sites in various cities in China, a plurality of emergency refuge sites are constructed in the cities, whether the site selection of the constructed refuge sites is proper or not can meet the refuge requirements of urban population, and whether the site selection of a newly-built site is planned to further promote the existing service level is still needed to be further studied.
The existing method for evaluating and selecting the sites of various facilities in the city generally uses the distance as a unique or main influencing factor, calculates by utilizing GIS space analysis, and fuses some manual intervention means to improve the reliability and objectivity of the result as much as possible. Summarizing the prior art methods, there are several disadvantages:
1. the evaluation system is not comprehensive, scientific and objective. Modern cities are a huge and complex system, the adaptability of the infrastructure in the cities is influenced by factors in various aspects, few factors and a simple evaluation system cannot objectively obtain an adaptability evaluation result, and even a result with a large difference between theory and practice appears;
2. there is no depth binding with GIS. The facility point evaluation and site selection in the city is a study problem combined with the depth of the geographic information subject, relates to the problems of urban road connectivity, regional accessibility, service area range and the like, is a comprehensive problem of multiple subjects and multiple subjects, and cannot organically integrate the geographic information subject method into the technical scheme to a certain extent, so that a better result cannot be obtained.
3. There is no more scientific and convenient site selection method. The planning and site selection of newly built facilities is often subjective decision, because there is no scientific, reasonable and convenient method suitable for site selection of facilities, and the site selection can be usually performed only by adopting a simple model algorithm and a manual intervention site selection mode.
The patent with publication number CN111523804A, namely an emergency refuge site efficiency evaluation method based on live-action three-dimension, proposes comprehensive efficiency evaluation on site selection suitability, effectiveness, resource availability, functional integrity and the like of an emergency refuge site by utilizing a live-action three-dimensional model in combination with GIS analysis. In the technology, the gradient factor is introduced into the evaluation method based on the three-dimensional model, but the condition of a complex road in a city is not considered, the practical significance is lacking, and the cost of the method is high. In the patent with publication number CN101853332A, namely a multi-facility fair site selection method and a system thereof, a fair site selection objective function is constructed through a matrix of weighted distance variances of emergency refuge sites and demand points, and the multi-facility fair site selection is realized by solving an ant colony algorithm. In the technology, the influence of distance factors on facility site selection is considered by evaluating a distance matrix and adopting an ant colony algorithm, but the site selection result lacks persuasion due to the lack of consideration of other factors. In the patent CN106127327a, a method and a system for locating a distribution site based on GIS, it is proposed to use road network data to perform service area analysis on the candidate area to determine the location of the distribution site. In the technology, the evaluation method has better site selection effect under the influence of a single factor such as a logistics site by using GIS service area analysis, but cannot solve the site selection of a facility point under the influence of multiple factors, and has no corresponding evaluation system and method. The problems that the evaluation system is not comprehensive, scientific and objective enough, is not combined with the depth of the GIS and is not a more scientific and convenient site selection method still exist in the patent.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems, the invention provides a GIS-based emergency refuge site evaluation and location selection method and system, which solve the problems that the existing evaluation and location selection method is not comprehensive, scientific and objective enough, is not combined with the depth of the GIS, and is not a more scientific and convenient location selection method.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a GIS-based emergency shelter assessment and location method comprises the following steps:
s1: carrying out suitability evaluation through a multi-target intelligent gray target decision model;
s11: determining the evaluation index and the set number of the evaluation indexes of a single emergency refuge site；
S12: setting the number of emergency refuge placesCalculate +.>Emergency shelter +.>Individual evaluation index value +.>Obtaining an evaluation index valueMatrix->；
wherein ,is->Emergency refuge site, the person is in danger>Is->Item evaluation index (I/O)>Is an index;
s13: setting in combination with S11 and S12The critical value of each evaluation index in the item evaluation indexes is obtained to obtain a critical value matrix of each evaluation index;
s14: at the index ofUnder the condition of +.>Uniformity effect measure of each emergency refuge site in each emergency refuge site>Obtaining a consistency effect measure matrix of each place>；
S15: calculating the weight of each evaluation index by adopting an entropy weight method;
s16: consistency effect measure of each emergency refuge place based on S14Weighting calculation to obtain comprehensive effect measure of each place>；
S17: from the measure of integrated effect derived in S16Judging->Suitability of each emergency refuge site in the emergency refuge sites;
s2: analyzing a service area;
s21: based on GIS network analysis, calculating the service area range of the emergency refuge site, wherein an impedance field is set as a length field of a road layer, a default interruption value is a starting value set in service area parameters, an obstacle is an obstacle layer input by a user, and the service area range is solved and generated;
s22: space overlapping the service area surface layer and the population distribution cell surface layer, and calculating the number of service population according to the area ratio；
S23: population quantity to be servicedAnd facility population capacity upper limit->Comparing the sizes;
s24: if the user does not select the combined service area, outputting a calculation result; if the user selects the merging service area, outputting a calculation result after merging;
s3: site selection analysis;
s31: based on GIS network analysis, calculating the service area range of each point in the facility point diagram layer;
s32: based on GIS network analysis, selecting a corresponding number of alternative points in the alternative point layer according to the facility increment and the facility priority order input by a user to calculate the service area range;
s33: after the service area ranges of the facility points and the alternative points are calculated, the service areas are fused, the coverage rate is calculated, the service area ranges are intersected in pairs to obtain the intersection area, and the overlapping rate is calculated;
s34: judging whether the coverage rate and the overlap rate are in a numerical range input by a user, if so, completing calculation; if not, sequentially selecting a corresponding number of alternative points according to the priority order, and repeating the calculation processes of S32 and S33 until the coverage rate and the overlap rate are within the numerical range input by the user or the alternative points are all traversed;
s35: and outputting the service area layer added with the alternative points in each round and the site selection analysis report result.
Preferably, in step S13, in step S11, it is determined that the evaluation indexes of the single emergency refuge location are benefit indexes, that is, the larger the evaluation index value is, the better the evaluation index value is; the evaluation indexes are divided into expected indexes and constraint indexes, the minimum value of the expected indexes is selected as a critical value for the expected indexes, the lower limit constraint of the constraint indexes is selected as the critical value for the constraint indexes, and an evaluation index critical value matrix is obtained as follows:
wherein ,is the critical value of the first place, +.>Is the critical value of the second place, +.>Is the critical value of the third place, +.>Is the critical value of the fourth place, +.>Is->A threshold value for each location.
Preferably, in step S14, the measure of the effect of the consistency of each emergency evacuation siteThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein ,for a single evaluation index value, & lt & gt>The method comprises the following steps: critical value of each evaluation index->The method comprises the following steps: first->The threshold value of the item evaluation index.
Preferably, step S15 includes the steps of:
a) Calculate the firstIn the item evaluation index, the evaluation index value ratio of each location is calculated as:
wherein ,is->No. 5 of personal place>Index value ratio of item evaluation index, +.>Is->No. 5 of personal place>An absolute value of a measure of the consistency effect of the item evaluation index;
b) Calculate the firstThe entropy value of the item evaluation index is calculated as follows:
obtainingThe entropy values of the individual evaluation indexes are:
wherein ,is->Entropy value of item evaluation index, +.>Entropy value of evaluation index of item 1, < ->Entropy value of evaluation index of 2->Is->Entropy value of item evaluation index;
c) Calculate the firstThe weight of the item evaluation index is calculated as follows:
obtainingThe weights of the evaluation indexes are as follows:
wherein ,is->Weight of item evaluation index, ++>Weight of evaluation index 1, +.>Weight of evaluation index of 2 +.>Is->The weight of the item evaluation index.
Preferably, in step S16, the effect measure is integratedThe formula is as follows:
wherein ,for the measure of the combined effect>For the transpose operator in matrix computation, +.>For the measure of the combined effect of location 1, < >>For the measure of the combined effect of location 2, < >>For the measure of the combined effect of location 3, < >>For the measure of the combined effect of the 4 th place, < > and>is->Measure of the overall effect of individual sites.
Preferably, in step S17, if the comprehensive effect of the emergency shelter is measuredIndicating that the inclusion of targets in the locus is reasonable as candidate locus; and->The larger the location, the more suitable the location, the more preferably the location is taken into account in the site selection analysis;
comprehensive effect measure for emergency refuge placesIndicating that the place is not targeted and no longer participates in subsequent site selectionAnd (5) model analysis.
Preferably, in step S22, population countThe calculation method of (1) is as follows:
wherein ,for the area of three cells, +.>For the service area layer, service area layer +.>And area isThe overlapping areas of the three cells of (a) are +.>The population of the three cells is +.>。
Preferably, in step S23, ifRepeating the service area calculation operation, and changing the default interrupt value into；
If it isThe service area corresponding to the interruption value is the maximum service area range of the facility point;
the service area ranges of all points are calculated, and the calculation process from S21 to S24 is completed;
wherein ,for the default interrupt value in the last calculation, +.>Decrementing the interrupt value.
Preferably, in step S33,
the coverage rate is calculated as: coverage = fusion area/responsible zone area;
the overlap ratio is calculated as: overlap ratio = intersection area/responsible zone area.
The GIS-based emergency refuge site evaluation and location selection system is applied to a GIS-based emergency refuge site evaluation and location selection method, and comprises a data storage module, a GIS module, an index evaluation module and a location selection analysis module,
the data storage module comprises a file data service and a space data service and is used for providing storage and processing of file data and space data;
the GIS module comprises a data processing service, a map visual service, a network analysis service and a service area analysis service, wherein the data processing service is used for providing basic capability of space data coordinate conversion and coordinate positioning; the map visualization service is used for providing space data visualization capability; the network analysis service and the service area analysis service are used for providing corresponding GIS analysis capability;
the index evaluation module is used for packaging and evaluating service logic and is connected with the data module, and according to input data, an index evaluation result is returned by using an address selection model and calculation;
the address selection analysis module is used for packaging address selection business logic and is connected with the data module, and according to the space data and parameters input by a user, the GIS module analysis algorithm is utilized to return an address selection result.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
when the method is used, the suitability evaluation of the emergency refuge site is optimized, factors influencing the site adaptability are more comprehensively considered by adopting a multi-target intelligent gray target decision model, the subjectivity problem is solved, the comprehensive effect measure resolution is greatly improved, and the evaluation result is more reliable; the system combines various GIS theories and algorithms, including service area analysis and site selection analysis, reflects things in real space by using a spatial algorithm, and is more suitable for emergency refuge site research in modern cities; the method for conveniently and rapidly analyzing the site selection utilizes basic road network data, and rapidly obtains the results of service area analysis and site selection analysis through parameter setting, reduces manual intervention, ensures the scientific reliability of the results, and solves the problems that the existing evaluating site selection method is not comprehensive, scientific and objective, does not have deep combination with GIS and does not have a more scientific and convenient site selection method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a GIS-based emergency shelter assessment and location method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of the substeps of the suitability evaluation by the multi-objective intelligent gray target decision model of step S1 described in the embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of sub-steps of step S2 service area analysis in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the substeps of the site selection analysis of step S3 in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the result of the service area analysis in step S2 according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the results of the site selection analysis of step S3 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Examples:
as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the embodiment discloses a method for evaluating and selecting an emergency shelter based on a GIS, which comprises the following steps:
s1: carrying out suitability evaluation through a multi-target intelligent gray target decision model;
s11: determining the evaluation index and the set number of the evaluation indexes of a single emergency refuge site；
S12: setting the number of emergency refuge placesCalculate +.>Emergency shelter +.>Individual evaluation index value +.>Obtaining an evaluation index value matrix->；
wherein ,is->Emergency refuge site, the person is in danger>Is->Item evaluation index (I/O)>Is an index;
s13: setting in combination with S11 and S12The critical value of each evaluation index in the item evaluation indexes is obtained to obtain a critical value matrix of each evaluation index;
s14: at the index ofUnder the condition of +.>Uniformity effect measure of each emergency refuge site in each emergency refuge site>Obtaining a consistency effect measure matrix of each place>；
S15: calculating the weight of each evaluation index by adopting an entropy weight method;
s16: consistency effect measure of each emergency refuge place based on S14Weighting calculation to obtain comprehensive effect measure of each place>；
S17: from the measure of integrated effect derived in S16Judging->Suitability of each emergency refuge site in the emergency refuge sites;
s2: analyzing a service area;
s21: based on GIS network analysis, calculating the service area range of the emergency refuge site, wherein an impedance field is set as a length field of a road layer, a default interruption value is a starting value set in service area parameters, an obstacle is an obstacle layer input by a user, and the service area range is solved and generated;
s22: space overlapping the service area surface layer and the population distribution cell surface layer, and calculating the number of service population according to the area ratio；
S23: population quantity to be servicedAnd facility population capacity upper limit->Comparing the sizes;
s24: if the user does not select the combined service area, outputting a calculation result; if the user selects the merging service area, outputting a calculation result after merging;
s3: site selection analysis;
s31: based on GIS network analysis, calculating the service area range of each point in the facility point diagram layer;
s32: based on GIS network analysis, selecting a corresponding number of alternative points in the alternative point layer according to the facility increment and the facility priority order input by a user to calculate the service area range;
s33: after the service area ranges of the facility points and the alternative points are calculated, the service areas are fused, the coverage rate is calculated, the service area ranges are intersected in pairs to obtain the intersection area, and the overlapping rate is calculated;
s34: judging whether the coverage rate and the overlap rate are in a numerical range input by a user, if so, completing calculation; if not, sequentially selecting a corresponding number of alternative points according to the priority order, and repeating the calculation processes of S32 and S33 until the coverage rate and the overlap rate are within the numerical range input by the user or the alternative points are all traversed;
s35: and outputting the service area layer added with the alternative points in each round and the site selection analysis report result.
Preferably, in step S13, in step S11, it is determined that the evaluation indexes of the single emergency refuge location are benefit indexes, that is, the larger the evaluation index value is, the better the evaluation index value is; the evaluation indexes are divided into expected indexes and constraint indexes, the minimum value of the expected indexes is selected as a critical value for the expected indexes, the lower limit constraint of the constraint indexes is selected as the critical value for the constraint indexes, and an evaluation index critical value matrix is obtained as follows:
wherein ,is the critical value of the first place, +.>Is the critical value of the second place, +.>Is the critical value of the third place, +.>Is the critical value of the fourth place, +.>Is->A threshold value for each location.
Preferably, in step S14, the measure of the effect of the consistency of each emergency evacuation siteThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein ,for a single evaluation index value, & lt & gt>The method comprises the following steps: critical value of each evaluation index->The method comprises the following steps: first->The threshold value of the item evaluation index.
Preferably, step S15 includes the steps of:
a) Calculate the firstIn the item evaluation index, the evaluation index value ratio of each location is calculated as:
wherein ,for->No. 5 of personal place>Index value ratio of item evaluation index, +.>Is->No. 5 of personal place>An absolute value of a measure of the consistency effect of the item evaluation index;
b) Calculate the firstThe entropy value of the item evaluation index is calculated as follows:
obtainingThe entropy values of the individual evaluation indexes are:
wherein ,is->Entropy value of item evaluation index, +.>Entropy value of evaluation index of item 1, < ->Entropy value of evaluation index of 2->Is->Entropy value of item evaluation index;
c) Calculate the firstThe weight of the item evaluation index is calculated as follows:
obtainingThe weights of the evaluation indexes are as follows:
wherein ,is->Weight of item evaluation index, ++>Weight of evaluation index 1, +.>Weight of evaluation index of 2 +.>Is->The weight of the item evaluation index.
Preferably, in step S16, the effect measure is integratedThe formula is as follows:
wherein ,for the measure of the combined effect>For the transpose operator in matrix computation, +.>For the measure of the combined effect of location 1, < >>For the measure of the combined effect of location 2, < >>For the measure of the combined effect of location 3, < >>For the measure of the combined effect of the 4 th place, < > and>is->Measure of the overall effect of individual sites.
Preferably, in step S17, if the comprehensive effect of the emergency shelter is measuredIndicating that the inclusion of targets in the locus is reasonable as candidate locus; and->The larger the location, the more suitable the location, the more preferably the location is taken into account in the site selection analysis;
comprehensive effect measure for emergency refuge placesIndicating that the site is off-target and no longer participates in subsequent site selection model analysis.
Preferably, in step S22, population countThe calculation method of (1) is as follows:
wherein ,for the area of three cells, +.>For the service area layer, service area layer +.>And area isThe overlapping areas of the three cells of (a) are +.>The population of the three cells is +.>。
Preferably, in step S23, ifRepeating the service area calculation operation, and changing the default interrupt value into(initial value->）；
If it isThe service area corresponding to the interruption value is the maximum service area range of the facility point;
the service area ranges of all points are calculated, and the calculation process from S21 to S24 is completed;
wherein ,for the default interrupt value in the last calculation, +.>Decrementing the interrupt value.
Preferably, in step S33,
the coverage rate is calculated as: coverage = fusion area/responsible zone area;
the overlap ratio is calculated as: overlap ratio = intersection area/responsible zone area.
The invention has the principle and beneficial effects that:
when the method is used, the suitability evaluation of the emergency refuge site is optimized, factors influencing the site adaptability are more comprehensively considered by adopting a multi-target intelligent gray target decision model, the subjectivity problem is solved, the comprehensive effect measure resolution is greatly improved, and the evaluation result is more reliable; the system combines various GIS theories and algorithms, including service area analysis and site selection analysis, reflects things in real space by using a spatial algorithm, and is more suitable for emergency refuge site research in modern cities; the method for conveniently and rapidly analyzing the site selection utilizes basic road network data, and rapidly obtains the results of service area analysis and site selection analysis through parameter setting, reduces manual intervention, ensures the scientific reliability of the results, and solves the problems that the existing evaluating site selection method is not comprehensive, scientific and objective, does not have deep combination with GIS and does not have a more scientific and convenient site selection method.
The GIS-based emergency refuge site evaluation and location selection system is applied to a GIS-based emergency refuge site evaluation and location selection method, and comprises a data storage module, a GIS module, an index evaluation module and a location selection analysis module,
the data storage module comprises a file data service and a space data service and is used for providing storage and processing of file data and space data;
the GIS module comprises a data processing service, a map visual service, a network analysis service and a service area analysis service, wherein the data processing service is used for providing basic capability of space data coordinate conversion and coordinate positioning; the map visualization service is used for providing space data visualization capability; the network analysis service and the service area analysis service are used for providing corresponding GIS analysis capability;
the index evaluation module is used for packaging and evaluating service logic and is connected with the data module, and according to input data, an index evaluation result is returned by using an address selection model and calculation;
the address selection analysis module is used for packaging address selection business logic and is connected with the data module, and according to the space data and parameters input by a user, the GIS module analysis algorithm is utilized to return an address selection result.
Preferably, the number of evaluation indexes16 emergency refuge places>10, adopt the multidimensional evaluation system of 16 influence factors, and introduce the intelligent gray target decision-making model of multi-objective, have greatly improved the objectivity of the assessment result; knot(s)And combining GIS network analysis, service area analysis, superposition analysis and a recursion algorithm, and combining a multi-index evaluation result, and jointly deciding in multiple disciplines and multiple dimensions to improve the scientificity of the site selection analysis result.
In the invention, the step S1 adopts a multi-target intelligent gray target decision model, namely an improved model of a general multi-target gray target decision, is the application and the embodiment of a non-uniqueness principle in a gray system theory on a target decision problem, and has better applicability in the multi-field target decision;
and S2, judging the population quantity corresponding to the area of the service area and the upper limit of the service population for a plurality of times by utilizing a service area range analysis algorithm in the GIS, and repeating the algorithm until the maximum service area range result of the facility point is approximated.
And step S3, based on a service area range analysis algorithm and a fusion superposition algorithm, judging the results of two parameters of coverage rate and superposition rate, and traversing all the candidate points to obtain the optimal site selection point.
In making decisions, it is often difficult to find an absolute optimal decision, so people often go back to find the next, only with a satisfactory result. The decision gray target is essentially the interval where the satisfactory effect is located in the relative optimization sense, and the process of searching the satisfactory effect interval is the gray target decision.
The multi-target intelligent gray target decision model adopted in the step S1 is a model obtained by improving a general multi-target gray target decision, is application and embodiment of a non-uniqueness principle in a gray system theory on a target decision problem, and has good applicability in multi-field target decisions. The model fully reflects the approaching or deviating degree of the effect sample value and the maximum effect sample value by constructing three target effect measuring and calculating functions of the benefit type target, the cost type target and the moderate type target, weights the importance of each index by an entropy weight method, and effectively overcomes the subjectivity of an expert on the weighting of the index. The model fully considers two different situations of target in the target effect value (namely, the scheme is illustrated to be in a reasonable scheme range) and target-off (namely, the scheme is illustrated to be not in a reasonable scheme range), determines the optimal gray decision situation (namely, the scheme with the maximum value of the target measure vector), effectively solves the problem of weighting subjectivity, has clear physical meaning, and greatly improves the resolution of the comprehensive effect measure.
The suitability evaluation described in step S1 means: and carrying out evacuation suitability analysis on the planned disaster evacuation or the candidate sites through a series of evaluation indexes, wherein the evaluation indexes comprise single-index evaluation and multi-index evaluation.
The service area analysis described in step S2 is a network analysis algorithm commonly used in GIS. By using service area analysis, service areas around any position in the network can be found. A web service area refers to an area that contains all traffic streets (i.e., streets within a specified impedance range).
For example, a 5 minute service area at a point on the network contains all streets that can be reached within five minutes from that point. The service areas created by the network analysis also help to evaluate reachability. The concentric service area shows how reachability varies with impedance. Once the service area is created, it can be used to determine the amount of land, the number of people, or any other number within the neighborhood or region.
As shown in table 1, table 1 sets the number of evaluation indexes for the index content of a single emergency evacuation site, and the following implementation steps are shown for the single index of the single emergency evacuation site by selecting the subject:
as shown in Table 2, table 2 is an evaluation index value matrixIs provided with->If the suitability of each emergency refuge site or candidate site is required to be evaluated, evaluating an index value matrix +.>The method comprises the following steps:
as shown in Table 3, table 3 shows a consistency effect measure matrix for each locationThe following are provided: />
As shown in fig. 5, the whole graph surface is a service coverage area, and the dark color indicates that the service population density of the coverage area is greater; in the figure, dark points are service facility points, diagonal bars in marked circles are blocking areas, and dark color points in marked circles are facility points which cannot be covered.
As shown in fig. 6, the whole graph surface is a service coverage area, and the dark color indicates that the service population density of the coverage area is greater; the deep color point is the best facility point for final output, and the remaining points are other facility points.
The foregoing examples merely illustrate specific embodiments of the invention, which are described in greater detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The GIS-based emergency refuge site assessment and location method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: carrying out suitability evaluation through a multi-target intelligent gray target decision model;
s11: determining the evaluation index and the set number of the evaluation indexes of a single emergency refuge site;
S12: setting the stressNumber of emergency evacuation placesCalculate +.>Emergency shelter +.>Individual evaluation index value +.>Obtaining an evaluation index value matrix->；
wherein ,is->Emergency refuge site, the person is in danger>Is->Item evaluation index (I/O)>Is an index;
s13: setting in combination with S11 and S12The critical value of each evaluation index in the item evaluation indexes is obtained to obtain a critical value matrix of each evaluation index;
s14: at the index ofUnder the conditions of (1)Calculate->Uniformity effect measure of each emergency refuge site in each emergency refuge site>Obtaining a consistency effect measure matrix of each place>；
S15: calculating the weight of each evaluation index by adopting an entropy weight method;
s16: consistency effect measure of each emergency refuge place based on S14Weighting calculation to obtain comprehensive effect measure of each place>；
S17: from the measure of integrated effect derived in S16Judging->Suitability of each emergency refuge site in the emergency refuge sites;
s2: analyzing a service area;
s21: based on GIS network analysis, calculating the service area range of the emergency refuge site, wherein an impedance field is set as a length field of a road layer, a default interruption value is a starting value set in service area parameters, an obstacle is an obstacle layer input by a user, and the service area range is solved and generated;
s22: space overlapping the service area surface layer and the population distribution cell surface layer, and calculating the number of service population according to the area ratio;
S23: population quantity to be servicedAnd facility population capacity upper limit->Comparing the sizes;
s24: if the user does not select the combined service area, outputting a calculation result; if the user selects the merging service area, outputting a calculation result after merging;
s3: site selection analysis;
s31: based on GIS network analysis, calculating the service area range of each point in the facility point diagram layer;
s32: based on GIS network analysis, selecting a corresponding number of alternative points in the alternative point layer according to the facility increment and the facility priority order input by a user to calculate the service area range;
s33: after the service area ranges of the facility points and the alternative points are calculated, the service areas are fused, the coverage rate is calculated, the service area ranges are intersected in pairs to obtain the intersection area, and the overlapping rate is calculated;
s34: judging whether the coverage rate and the overlap rate are in a numerical range input by a user, if so, completing calculation; if not, sequentially selecting a corresponding number of alternative points according to the priority order, and repeating the calculation processes of S32 and S33 until the coverage rate and the overlap rate are within the numerical range input by the user or the alternative points are all traversed;
s35: and outputting the service area layer added with the alternative points in each round and the site selection analysis report result.
2. The method for evaluating and selecting the location of the GIS-based emergency refuge according to claim 1, wherein in the step S13, the evaluation indexes of the single emergency refuge are determined to be benefit indexes in the step S11, namely, the larger the evaluation index value is, the better the evaluation index value is; the evaluation indexes are divided into expected indexes and constraint indexes, the minimum value of the expected indexes is selected as a critical value for the expected indexes, the lower limit constraint of the constraint indexes is selected as the critical value for the constraint indexes, and an evaluation index critical value matrix is obtained as follows:
wherein ,is the critical value of the first place, +.>Is the critical value of the second place, +.>Is the critical value of the third place, +.>Is the critical value of the fourth place, +.>Is->A threshold value for each location.
3. The method for evaluating and locating an emergency evacuation site based on GIS according to claim 1, wherein in step S14, the consistency effect measure of each emergency evacuation site is determinedThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein ,for a single evaluation index value, & lt & gt>For the threshold value of each evaluation index, +.>Is->The threshold value of the item evaluation index.
4. The method for evaluating and locating an emergency shelter based on GIS according to claim 1, wherein the step S15 comprises the steps of:
a) Calculate the firstIn the item evaluation index, the evaluation index value ratio of each location is calculated as:
wherein ,is->No. 5 of personal place>Index value ratio of item evaluation index, +.>Is->No. 5 of personal place>An absolute value of a measure of the consistency effect of the item evaluation index;
b) Calculating the entropy value of the first evaluation index, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
obtainingThe entropy values of the individual evaluation indexes are:
wherein ,is->Entropy value of item evaluation index, +.>Entropy value of evaluation index of item 1, < ->Entropy value of evaluation index of 2->Is->Entropy value of item evaluation index;
c) Calculate the firstThe weight of the item evaluation index is calculated as：
ObtainingThe weights of the evaluation indexes are as follows:
wherein ,is->Weight of item evaluation index, ++>Weight of evaluation index 1, +.>Weight of evaluation index of 2 +.>Is->The weight of the item evaluation index.
5. The method for evaluating and locating an emergency shelter based on GIS according to claim 1, wherein in step S16, the measure of effect is integratedThe formula is as follows:
wherein ,for the measure of the combined effect>For the transpose operator in matrix computation, +.>For the measure of the combined effect of location 1, < >>For the measure of the combined effect of location 2, < >>For the measure of the combined effect of location 3, < >>For the measure of the combined effect of the 4 th place, < > and>is->Measure of the overall effect of individual sites.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S17, if the comprehensive effect of the emergency shelter is measuredIndicating that the inclusion of targets in the locus is reasonable as candidate locus; and->The larger the location, the more suitable the location, the more preferably the location is taken into account in the site selection analysis;
comprehensive effect measure for emergency refuge placesIndicating that the site is off-target and no longer participates in subsequent site selection model analysis.
7. The method for evaluating and locating an emergency shelter based on GIS according to claim 1, wherein in step S22, population number is calculatedThe calculation method of (1) is as follows:
wherein ,for the area of three cells, +.>For the service area layer, service area layer +.>And area isThe overlapping areas of the three cells of (a) are +.>The population of the three cells is +.>。
8. The method according to claim 1The GIS-based emergency shelter assessment and location selection method is characterized in that in step S23, ifRepeating the service area calculation operation, and changing the default interrupt value to +.>；
If it isThe service area corresponding to the interruption value is the maximum service area range of the facility point;
the service area ranges of all points are calculated, and the calculation process from S21 to S24 is completed;
wherein ,for the default interrupt value in the last calculation, +.>Decrementing the interrupt value.
9. The method for evaluating and locating an emergency shelter based on GIS as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in step S33,
the coverage rate is calculated as: coverage = fusion area/responsible zone area;
the overlap ratio is calculated as: overlap ratio = intersection area/responsible zone area.
10. A GIS-based emergency shelter assessment and location system, which is characterized by being applied to the GIS-based emergency shelter assessment and location method as claimed in any one of claims 1-9, and comprising a data storage module, a GIS module, an index assessment module and a location analysis module,
the data storage module comprises a file data service and a space data service and is used for providing storage and processing of file data and space data;
the GIS module comprises a data processing service, a map visual service, a network analysis service and a service area analysis service, wherein the data processing service is used for providing basic capability of space data coordinate conversion and coordinate positioning; the map visualization service is used for providing space data visualization capability; the network analysis service and the service area analysis service are used for providing corresponding GIS analysis capability;
the index evaluation module is used for packaging and evaluating service logic and is connected with the data module, and according to input data, an index evaluation result is returned by using an address selection model and calculation;
the address selection analysis module is used for packaging address selection business logic and is connected with the data module, and according to the space data and parameters input by a user, the GIS module analysis algorithm is utilized to return an address selection result.
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