CN116754447A - Air preheater heat exchange ABS deposition simulation system and method along Cheng Yanqi - Google Patents
Air preheater heat exchange ABS deposition simulation system and method along Cheng Yanqi Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116754447A CN116754447A CN202311001502.1A CN202311001502A CN116754447A CN 116754447 A CN116754447 A CN 116754447A CN 202311001502 A CN202311001502 A CN 202311001502A CN 116754447 A CN116754447 A CN 116754447A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- air
- flue gas
- bin
- abs
- air preheater
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 157
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 157
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 92
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bisulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].OS([O-])(=O)=O BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 61
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N prednisone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3C(=O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- GFNGCDBZVSLSFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium vanadium Chemical compound [Ti].[V] GFNGCDBZVSLSFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/04—Investigating sedimentation of particle suspensions
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
Abstract
The invention discloses an air preheater heat exchange ABS deposition simulation system and method along Cheng Yanqi; the system comprises a high-temperature flue gas preparation system and an air preheater simulation device; the high-temperature flue gas preparation system comprises a combustor, a steam injector, a powder feeder, a denitration device and an ammonia injector which are connected; the air preheater simulation device is provided with a rotor and is provided with an air sub-bin and a flue gas sub-bin; the outlet of the upper end of the air sub-bin of the air pre-heater simulation device and the inlet of the lower end of the air sub-bin of the air pre-heater simulation device are respectively provided with an air parameter measuring instrument, and the inlet of the upper end of the flue gas sub-bin of the air pre-heater simulation device and the outlet of the lower end of the flue gas sub-bin of the air pre-heater simulation device are respectively provided with a flue gas parameter measuring instrument. According to the invention, the simulation system can simulate the generation of ABS in the along-path flue gas in the long and narrow channel of the air preheater and the deposition characteristics of the ABS on the vertical wall surface, and can better research and explore the deposition rule of the ABS ash and dirt.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of Ammonium Bisulfate (ABS) blockage treatment in the operation process of SCR flue gas denitration equipment of a thermal power plant, and particularly relates to an ABS deposition simulation system and method for heat exchange along Cheng Yanqi of an air preheater.
Background
When the coal-electric boiler adopts a selective catalytic reduction SCR denitration technology to control NOx emission, unreacted NH is denitrated 3 And SO 3 ABS is generated in the flue gas heat exchange and cooling process of the air preheater, and the tri-state change of gas, liquid and solid is generated, the liquid ABS is adhered to the wall surface of the heat exchange element, and small-particle fly ash deposition plates are adhered to form high-strength ash dirt, so that channels are blocked, and the flue gas resistance is increased. In order to efficiently remove the blocking ash, a simulation rack is required to be designed, and the deposition rule of the ABS ash is explored.
Chinese patent CN202011608280.6 discloses a measuring probe for deposition rate of ammonium bisulfate with automatic heating and ash removing functions, which is a temperature-controllable oil-cooled probe, and the deposition characteristics of ABS ash and scale at specific needle temperature are studied by the change of the heat flux density of the probe. Chinese patent CN202111535319.0 discloses a method for simulating the deposition process of fly ash and ammonium bisulfate in flue gas on an air preheater, wherein a heat storage component is designed in a flue, a heat-conducting fluid is arranged in the inner cavity of the component, and the heat-conducting fluid is utilized to make the incoming high-temperature flue gas drop to a specific temperature at the heat storage component, so as to develop ABS and fly ash deposition law research.
The experimental bench proposed by the two patent inventions can only simulate the deposition characteristics of ABS ash and dirt at a specific temperature, but cannot simulate the generation of the along-path ABS and the deposition characteristics of the along-path ABS on a vertical wall surface during the period that the temperature of the along-path flue gas in a long and narrow passage of an air preheater is reduced from 300-400 ℃ to 100-130 ℃. Therefore, the invention provides an ABS deposition simulation system and an ABS deposition simulation method for an along-path heat exchange process in a long and narrow channel of an air preheater.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is directed to a system and a method for simulating the deposition of ABS along Cheng Yanqi heat exchange of an air preheater, so as to simulate the formation of ABS along the course of the temperature of smoke in the long and narrow passage of the air preheater during the period from 300-400 ℃ to 100-130 ℃ and the deposition characteristics of ABS on the vertical wall.
In order to achieve the technical purpose and the technical effect, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the air preheater is along Cheng Yanqi heat exchange ABS deposition simulation system, including a high-temperature flue gas preparation system and an air preheater simulation device;
the high-temperature flue gas preparation system comprises a combustor, a confluence device, a steam injector, a powder feeder, a denitration device and an ammonia injector which are connected through a high-temperature flue gas pipeline; the high-temperature air and the high-temperature flue gas are mixed in the confluence device, the steam injector provides atomized steam, fly ash and ABS powder are provided for the powder machine, a denitration catalyst for flue gas denitration is arranged in the denitration device, and the ammonia injector injects NH into the flue gas 3 ；
The air preheater simulation device is provided with a rotor, and is also provided with an air sub-bin and a flue gas sub-bin; the flue gas sub-bin of the air preheater simulation device is connected with the outlet of the high-temperature flue gas pipeline; the rotor is provided with a plurality of element sectors uniformly distributed on the circumference, wherein one element sector is a detachable test sector; the rotor sequentially passes through a flue gas bin and an air bin in the rotating process;
a high-temperature air jet nozzle is arranged at the inlet of the air sub-bin of the air preheater simulation device;
the outlet of the upper end of the air sub-bin of the air pre-heater simulation device and the inlet of the lower end of the air sub-bin of the air pre-heater simulation device are respectively provided with an air parameter measuring instrument, and the inlet of the upper end of the flue gas sub-bin of the air pre-heater simulation device and the outlet of the lower end of the flue gas sub-bin of the air pre-heater simulation device are respectively provided with a flue gas parameter measuring instrument.
Further, the burner is connected with a combiner, and the combiner is connected with an outlet of an air sub-bin of the air preheater simulation device.
Further, an air inlet pipeline connected with an inlet of an air sub-bin of the air preheater simulation device is connected with a blower, and the blower is also connected with the collector through a combustion air pipeline; and a low-temperature flue gas pipeline connected with an outlet of the flue gas sub-bin of the air preheater simulation device is connected with the induced draft fan.
Further, the air preheater further comprises a flue gas waste heat utilization system along Cheng Yanqi heat exchange ABS deposition simulation system, wherein the flue gas waste heat utilization system comprises a flue gas-water medium heat exchanger, a water medium-air heat exchanger and a water medium-combustion air heat exchanger; the flue gas-water medium heat exchanger is arranged on the low-temperature flue gas pipeline, and a flue gas inlet of the flue gas-water medium heat exchanger is connected with an outlet of a flue gas sub-bin of the air preheater simulation device; the water outlet of the flue gas-water medium heat exchanger is connected with the water inlet of the water medium-combustion air heat exchanger and the water inlet of the water medium-air heat exchanger; the water medium-air heat exchanger is arranged on the air inlet pipeline, and the water medium-combustion air heat exchanger is arranged on the combustion air pipeline; the combustion air outlet of the water medium-combustion air heat exchanger is connected with the burner, and the air outlet of the water medium-air heat exchanger is connected with the inlet of the air sub-bin of the air preheater simulation device.
Furthermore, the air preheater is along Cheng Yanqi heat transfer ABS deposition simulation system also comprises a flue gas pollutant removal system arranged on the low-temperature flue gas pipeline, and the flue gas pollutant removal system comprises a bag-type dust remover and an alkali liquid deacidification tower which are connected.
Further, a rotor of the air preheater simulation device is arranged in the heat-preserving shell, and the rotor is arranged on a central sleeve positioned at the center of the heat-preserving shell; the element sector of the rotor is provided with a heat exchange element, and the heat exchange element comprises a hot end element positioned at the upper part and a cold end element positioned at the lower part; the rotor is driven by a drive motor.
Furthermore, two sealing blocks are arranged in the upper end and the lower end of the heat preservation shell, and the sealing blocks form a flue gas sub-bin and an air sub-bin which longitudinally penetrate through the heat preservation shell through separation of the upper end and the lower end of the heat preservation shell.
Further, the water outlet of the water-air heat exchanger and the water outlet of the water-combustion air heat exchanger are both connected with an electric water heater, and the water outlet of the electric water heater is connected with the water inlet of the flue gas-water heat exchanger.
Further, a static mixer is arranged at the position, close to the outlet, of the high-temperature flue gas pipeline.
Further, the high-temperature air jet ejected by the high-temperature air jet nozzle covers 25% of the area of the lower surface of the cold end element in the radial direction.
The invention further provides an air preheater heat exchange ABS deposition simulation method along Cheng Yanqi, which comprises the following steps:
(1) The method comprises the steps of utilizing a smoke parameter measuring instrument to monitor smoke operation parameters on line, and utilizing an air parameter measuring instrument to monitor air operation parameters on line;
(2) Based on NH in flue gas 3 Concentration, SO 3 Performing four-factor five-level orthogonal combination ABS deposition simulation test on four factors of concentration, fly ash mass concentration and smoke discharge temperature at a smoke separation outlet;
(3) And after each test working condition is finished, taking out a detachable test fan block of the rotor, measuring the ABS ash deposition position and thickness distribution in the height direction, weighing the mass change of the test fan block, soaking the test fan block by using aqueous solution, measuring the ABS deposition amount by constant volume, recording the differential pressure change of the flue gas sub-bin, and analyzing the corresponding relation between the ABS deposition characteristics and the flue gas parameters, the along-path flue gas temperature distribution and the running time.
Further, the method comprises the following steps: before the ABS deposition test working condition is finished, the high-temperature air jet is put into operation, the rotor of the air preheater simulation device rotates for 1-2 circles completely, the ABS content change in the radial high-temperature air jet coverage area and deposited ash and dirt of other areas of the test fan is compared, and the influence rule of the temperature, flow and speed of the high-temperature air jet and the residence time of the cold end element in the purging area on ABS release is explored.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the ABS deposition simulation system can simulate the generation of the along-path ABS and the deposition characteristics of the ABS on the vertical wall surface during the period that the temperature of the along-path flue gas in the long and narrow passage of the air preheater is reduced from 300-400 ℃ to 100-130 ℃, can better research and explore the deposition rules of the ABS ash and dirt, and provides a reliable basis for the ash removal of the coal-fired boiler.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an air preheater heat exchanging ABS deposition simulation system of the present invention along Cheng Yanqi.
FIG. 2 is a top view of an air preheater simulation apparatus in an air preheater heat exchange ABS deposition simulation system according to the present invention along Cheng Yanqi.
In the figure, 1: air preheater simulation device, 101: insulation housing, 102: rotor, 103: center sleeve, 104: sealing block, 105: flue gas separation, 106: air separation, 107: element sector; 1071: hot side element, 1072: cold end element, 108: a driving motor; 2: a burner; 3: a steam injector; 4: a powder feeder; 5: a denitration device; 6: an ammonia injector; 7: a temperature-regulating electric heater; 8: a static mixer; 9: a high temperature flue gas pipeline; 10: a low temperature flue gas pipeline; 11: a combustion air line; 12: an air inlet pipeline; 13: a flue gas inlet duct; 14: a flue gas outlet duct; 15: an air inlet duct; 16: an air outlet duct; 17: a blower; 18: an induced draft fan; 19: a high temperature air jet nozzle; 20: an air parameter measuring instrument; 21: a flue gas parameter measuring instrument; 22: a flue gas-water medium heat exchanger; 23: a water-air heat exchanger; 24: a water medium-combustion air heat exchanger; 25: a bag-type dust collector; 26: an alkali liquor deacidification tower; 27: an electric water heater; 28: a circulating water pump; 29: a hot air line; 30: a collector.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making clear and defining the scope of the present invention.
The air preheater shown in fig. 1 exchanges heat along Cheng Yanqi with an ABS deposition simulation system, which comprises a high temperature flue gas formulation system and an air preheater simulation device.
The high-temperature flue gas preparation system comprises a combustor 2, a steam injector 3, a powder feeder 4, a denitration device 5 and an ammonia injector 6 which are connected through a high-temperature flue gas pipeline 9; the burner 2 is a liquefied natural gas burner.
The steam injector 3 inputs atomized steam into the high-temperature flue gasThe gas, the powder feeder 4 provides fly ash and ABS powder for high temperature flue gas, the denitration device 5 is provided with a denitration catalyst for flue gas denitration, and the ammonia injector 6 injects NH into the flue gas 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In addition, a temperature-regulating electric heater 7 is further arranged on the high-temperature flue gas pipeline 9 so as to further heat the high-temperature flue gas. A static mixer 8 is arranged near the outlet of the high-temperature flue gas pipeline 9 to mix the flue gas components in the pipeline.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the air preheater simulation device 1 includes a heat-preserving casing 101 and a rotor 102 provided in the heat-preserving casing 101; the rotor 102 is mounted on a central sleeve 103 located at the center of the insulated housing 101; the heat preservation shell 101 is made of aerogel felt material; two sealing blocks 104 with the circumferential angle of 30 degrees are arranged in the upper end and the lower end of the heat preservation shell 101, the upper end and the lower end of the heat preservation shell 101 are separated by the sealing blocks 104, and after separation, the sealing blocks are matched with a rotor, so that a flue gas separation bin 105 and an air separation bin 106 which longitudinally penetrate the heat preservation shell 101 are formed. The circumferential angles of the flue gas sub-bin 105 and the air sub-bin 106 are all 150 degrees. During rotation of the rotor 102, the element sectors 107 thereof pass through the flue gas compartment 105 and the air compartment 106 in sequence. In this embodiment, the rotor 102 has 12 element sectors 107 evenly distributed over the circumference, wherein one element sector 107 is a detachable test sector. The element sector 107 of the rotor 102 is provided with heat exchange elements, which comprise a hot end element 1071 positioned at the upper part and a cold end element 1072 positioned at the lower part; the rotor 102 is driven by a drive motor 108. The hot end element is FNC-shaped carbon steel plate, and the cold end element is DUE-shaped enamel plating plate.
The flue gas sub-bin 105 is connected with the outlet of the high-temperature flue gas pipeline 9 through a flue gas inlet pipeline 13.
The burner 2 is connected with a combiner 30, the outlet of the air sub-bin of the air preheater simulation device 2 is connected with a hot air pipeline 29 through an air outlet pipeline 16, and the hot air pipeline 29 is connected with the combiner 30.
The inlet of the air compartment 106 of the air preheater simulation device 1 is connected to the air inlet line 12 via an air inlet line 15, the air inlet line 12 being connected to the blower 17, the blower 17 being connected to the combiner 30 also via the combustion air line 11. The outlet of the flue gas sub-bin 105 of the air preheater simulation device 1 is connected with the low-temperature flue gas pipeline 10 through a flue gas outlet pipeline 14; the low-temperature flue gas pipeline 10 is connected with an induced draft fan 18.
A high-temperature air jet nozzle 19 is arranged at the inlet of the air sub-bin of the air preheater simulation device 1; the high temperature air jet ejected by the high temperature air jet nozzle 19 covers 25% of the area of the lower surface of the cold end element in the radial direction.
The upper end outlet of the air sub-bin 106 and the lower end inlet of the air sub-bin 106 of the air pre-heater simulation device 1 are respectively provided with an air parameter measuring instrument 20, and the upper end inlet of the flue gas sub-bin 105 and the lower end outlet of the flue gas sub-bin 105 of the air pre-heater simulation device 1 are respectively provided with a flue gas parameter measuring instrument 21.
The air preheater further comprises a flue gas waste heat utilization system along Cheng Yanqi heat exchange ABS deposition simulation system, wherein the flue gas waste heat utilization system comprises a flue gas-water medium heat exchanger 22, a water medium-air heat exchanger 23 and a water medium-combustion air heat exchanger 24; the flue gas-water medium heat exchanger 22 is arranged on the low-temperature flue gas pipeline 10, and a flue gas inlet of the flue gas-water medium heat exchanger is connected with an outlet of a flue gas sub-bin of the air preheater simulation device 1; the water outlet of the flue gas-water medium heat exchanger 22 is connected with the water inlet of the water medium-combustion air heat exchanger 24 and the water inlet of the water medium-air heat exchanger 23; the water medium-air heat exchanger 23 is arranged on the air inlet pipeline 12, and the water medium-combustion air heat exchanger 24 is arranged on the combustion air pipeline 11; the combustion air outlet of the water medium-combustion air heat exchanger 24 is connected with the burner 2, and the air outlet of the water medium-air heat exchanger 23 is connected with the inlet of the air sub-bin of the air preheater simulating device 1.
The air preheater is along Cheng Yanqi heat transfer ABS deposition simulation system also comprises a flue gas pollutant removal system arranged on the low-temperature flue gas pipeline 10, and the flue gas pollutant removal system comprises a bag-type dust remover 25 and an alkali lye deacidification tower 26 which are connected.
The water outlet of the water-air heat exchanger 23 and the water outlet of the water-combustion air heat exchanger 24 are connected with an electric water heater 27, and the water outlet of the electric water heater 27 is connected with the water inlet of the flue gas-water heat exchanger 22 through a circulating water pump 28.
The design parameters of the air preheater along Cheng Yanqi heat exchange ABS deposition simulation system mainly comprise rotor structure size, air and smoke parameters, smoke components, heating material consumption and the like, and detailed data are shown in Table 1. Wherein, the external diameter of center sleeve, rotor and heat preservation casing is 370mm, 738mm and 978mm respectively. The hot end element is made of FNC Q215-A material, has a height of 1000mm, a thickness of 0.5mm, a pitch of 5.8mm and a specific surface area of 388.2m 2 /m 3 The cold end element is DUE-shaped Cortan steel enamel, and has a height of 1000mm, a thickness of 1.1mm, a pitch of 7.4mm, and a specific surface area of 308.2m 2 /m 3 . The rotating speed of the rotor is 0.8-1.2 cycles/min. The inlet flue gas temperature of the flue gas sub-bin of the air preheater simulation device is 360 ℃, and the flow is 2200Nm 3 And/h, the outlet flue gas temperature of the flue gas sub-bin of the air preheater simulation device is 130 ℃; the air temperature of the air inlet of the air sub-bin of the air preheater simulation device is 25 ℃, and the flow is 2000Nm 3 And/h, the outlet air temperature of the air separation bin of the air preheater simulation device is 320 ℃. NH in flue gas at flue gas sub-bin inlet of air preheater simulation device 3 The volume concentration is about 0-20 mu L/L, SO 3 The volume concentration is about 0-80 mu L/L, and the fly ash mass concentration is about 0-50g/m 3 ，H 2 The O volume content is about 5% -10%. The heat exchange efficiency between the flue gas and the air in the air preheater simulation device is about 50% -60%, 50% of the heat of the high-temperature flue gas is provided by 14.7kg/h of liquefied natural gas combustion, and about 10% of the heat is provided by a temperature-regulating electric heater with the power of 29 kW/h; the low-temperature flue gas flowing out from the flue gas separation outlet of the air preheater simulation device passes through the flue gas-water medium heat exchanger, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced by about 40 ℃, the water medium-air heat exchanger can raise the temperature of low-temperature air by about 30-40 ℃, and the water medium-combustion air heat exchanger can raise the temperature of combustion air by about 30-40 ℃.
TABLE 1
The air preheater exchanges heat along Cheng Yanqi and the operation process of the ABS deposition simulation system is as follows:
combustion-supporting air and liquefied natural gas are premixed and combusted in a combustor 2 to generate high-temperature flue gas, and the concentration of NOx in the flue gasAbout 30-100mg/m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The high-temperature air heated by the air preheater simulation device 1 and the high-temperature flue gas generated by the burner 2 are mixed in the collector 30, atomized water vapor is added to form flue gas with set flow, and the flue gas is regulated to 330-360 ℃ by the temperature-regulating electric heater 7. Fly ash and ABS powder are mixed according to a certain proportion, and then are added into a high-temperature flue gas pipeline 9 to be mixed with flue gas through a powder feeder 4, and NH is released after being heated by the flue gas at high temperature 3 And SO 3 . SO in flue gas 3 The set concentration is regulated by the addition amount of ABS powder, and NH in the flue gas 3 When NOx passes through the vanadium-titanium-based denitration catalyst in the pin removal device 5, catalytic reduction denitration reaction occurs, and ABS powder is brought into NH in flue gas 3 And (3) complete consumption. Downstream of the denitration catalyst, NH is injected into the flue gas via an ammonia injector 6 3 Adjust to set NH 3 Concentration. Flow, temperature, H 2 O、NH 3 、SO 3 And the flue gas with the fly ash concentration and other parameters regulated in place is uniformly mixed by the static mixer 8 and then enters the flue gas sub-bin 105 through the flue gas inlet pipeline 13.
After the high-temperature flue gas enters through the upper end inlet of the flue gas sub-bin 105 of the air preheater simulation device 1, the flue gas passes through the long and narrow channels of the hot end element 1071 and the cold end element 1072 from top to bottom in sequence, the flue gas releases heat to heat the heat exchange element, and the temperature of the flue gas is reduced from 330-360 ℃ when entering to about 130-150 ℃ when exiting. The heat exchange element is heated by the flue gas entering from the flue gas sub-bin 105, heats up and stores heat, and after rotating, releases heat to the air entering from the air sub-bin 106 to heat the cold air. The air temperature was heated from 30-60 c at the inlet to 320 c at the outlet by the air preheater simulating means, thereby forming high temperature air. The heat exchange element rotates after the temperature is reduced and is heated by the flue gas. Along with heat accumulation and heat release conversion of the heat exchange element, the along-path smoke temperature change characteristic of the operation process of the air preheater of the power station boiler is simulated in the long and narrow passage of the heat exchange element, so that NH in the smoke cooling process is realized 3 、SO 3 And H 2 O independent components (higher than 290 ℃) and react to generate gaseous ABS (220-290 ℃), liquid ABS (147-220 ℃), solid ABS (lower than 147 ℃), and the like.
Wherein the cool air entering the air sub-compartment 106 enters the air sub-compartment 106 through the air inlet pipe 12 by the blower 17. The water medium-air heat exchanger 23 on the air inlet pipeline 12 can exchange heat with cold air by using hot water to primarily heat the cold air; the hot water in the water-air heat exchanger 23 is sourced from the flue gas-water heat exchanger 22, and the water in the flue gas-water heat exchanger 22 is sourced from the electric water heater 27; in the flue gas-water medium heat exchanger 22, the flue gas outputted from the flue gas separation bin 105 exchanges heat with water to obtain hot water, one part of the hot water can be supplied to the water medium-air heat exchanger 23 to exchange heat with cold air, the other part of the hot water can be supplied to the water medium-combustion air heat exchanger 24 to exchange heat with air provided by the blower 17 so as to obtain heated combustion air, and the combustion air is supplied to the burner 2 through the combustion air pipeline 11.
The high-temperature air output from the outlet of the air sub-bin of the air preheater simulation device 1 enters the combiner 30 through the hot air pipeline 29 and is combined with the flue gas generated by the combustion of the liquefied natural gas. Under the combined action of the blower 17 and the induced draft fan 18, positive pressure is arranged in the air sub-bin, negative pressure is arranged in the flue gas sub-bin, and slight negative pressure is arranged in the combiner 30 for combining high-temperature air and flue gas generated by combustion.
Under normal operation conditions, the heat recovered by the flue gas-water medium heat exchanger 22 from the low-temperature flue gas is used for heating combustion air and, if necessary, for heating and adjusting the air temperature in the air inlet pipeline; the flue gas waste heat recovery amplitude (cooling amplitude) and the heating amplitude of combustion air and low-temperature air are adjusted by adjusting the water temperature of the electric water heater and the flow of the circulating water pump.
The air preheater utilizing the system exchanges heat with the ABS deposition simulation method along Cheng Yanqi, and comprises the following steps:
(1) The method comprises the steps of utilizing a smoke parameter measuring instrument to monitor smoke operation parameters on line, and utilizing an air parameter measuring instrument to monitor air operation parameters on line;
(2) Based on NH in flue gas 3 Concentration, SO 3 Performing four-factor five-level orthogonal combination ABS deposition simulation test on four factors of concentration, fly ash mass concentration and smoke discharge temperature at a smoke separation outlet;
in a long and narrow passage of the air preheaterABS deposition process in the along-the-path flue gas and inlet flue gas parameters (NH 3 Concentration, SO 3 Concentration and fly ash concentration) are also affected by the along-the-path flue gas temperature distribution (expressed by the flue gas temperature), and the parameter variation ranges of 4 influencing factors are shown in table 2 in detail.
TABLE 2
According to the orthogonal test rule, the design of four-factor five-level test conditions is shown in the table 3, and 25 test conditions can contain NH 3 Concentration, SO 3 And the concentration, the fly ash concentration, the smoke exhaust temperature and other parameters at the level of 4 factors and 5 influence to obtain an ABS deposition rule in the smoke along-path heat exchange process in the long and narrow passage of the air preheater. And (3) selecting one typical working condition, and carrying out a time-dependent change rule test of ABS deposition under continuous operation for 4h, 8h, 24h, 48h and 72 h.
TABLE 3 Table 3
(3) During the test, the macroscopic blocking effect of the test is monitored by continuously recording the flue gas differential pressure of the flue gas sub-bin, and the ABS deposition rule is characterized and analyzed by the deposition amount and the deposition characteristics of the ABS ash and the dirt collected by the test fan block of the cold end element under each test working condition.
Specifically, after each test working condition is finished, taking out a detachable test fan block of the rotor, measuring the deposition position and thickness distribution of the ABS ash and dirt in the height direction, weighing the mass change of the test fan block, soaking the test fan block by aqueous solution, measuring the ABS deposition amount at a constant volume, recording the differential pressure change of the flue gas in bins, and analyzing the corresponding relation between the ABS deposition characteristics and flue gas parameters, the along-the-path flue gas temperature distribution and the running time;
(4) Before the ABS deposition test working condition is finished, the high-temperature air jet is put into operation, the rotor of the air preheater simulation device rotates for 1-2 circles completely, the ABS content change in the radial high-temperature air jet coverage area and deposited ash and dirt of other areas of the test fan is compared, and the influence rule of the temperature, flow and speed of the high-temperature air jet and the residence time of the cold end element in the purging area on ABS release is explored.
The foregoing description is only illustrative of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes or direct or indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The air preheater heat exchange ABS deposition simulation system is characterized by comprising a high-temperature flue gas preparation system and an air preheater simulation device;
the high-temperature flue gas preparation system comprises a combustor, a steam injector, a powder feeder, a denitration device and an ammonia injector which are connected through a high-temperature flue gas pipeline; the steam injector provides atomized steam, the powder feeder provides fly ash and ABS powder, the denitration device is provided with a denitration catalyst for denitration of flue gas, and the ammonia injector injects NH into the flue gas 3 ；
The air preheater simulation device is provided with a rotor, and is also provided with an air sub-bin and a flue gas sub-bin; the flue gas sub-bin of the air preheater simulation device is connected with the outlet of the high-temperature flue gas pipeline; the rotor is provided with a plurality of element sectors uniformly distributed on the circumference, wherein one element sector is a detachable test sector; the rotor sequentially passes through a flue gas bin and an air bin in the rotating process;
the outlet of the upper end of the air sub-bin of the air pre-heater simulation device and the inlet of the lower end of the air sub-bin of the air pre-heater simulation device are respectively provided with an air parameter measuring instrument, and the inlet of the upper end of the flue gas sub-bin of the air pre-heater simulation device and the outlet of the lower end of the flue gas sub-bin of the air pre-heater simulation device are respectively provided with a flue gas parameter measuring instrument.
2. The air preheater along Cheng Yanqi heat transfer ABS deposition modeling system of claim 1 wherein the burner is connected to a combiner that is connected to the outlet of the air compartment of the air preheater modeling device.
3. The air preheater edge Cheng Yanqi heat exchange ABS deposition simulation system of claim 2 wherein: an air inlet pipeline connected with an inlet at the lower end of an air sub-bin of the air preheater simulation device is connected with a blower, and the blower is also connected with a collector through a combustion air pipeline; and a low-temperature flue gas pipeline connected with an outlet at the lower end of the flue gas sub-bin of the air preheater simulation device is connected with the induced draft fan.
4. The air preheater edge Cheng Yanqi heat exchange ABS deposition simulation system of claim 3 wherein: the system also comprises a flue gas waste heat utilization system, wherein the flue gas waste heat utilization system comprises a flue gas-water medium heat exchanger, a water medium-air heat exchanger and a water medium-combustion air heat exchanger; the flue gas-water medium heat exchanger is arranged on the low-temperature flue gas pipeline, and a flue gas inlet of the flue gas-water medium heat exchanger is connected with an outlet of a flue gas sub-bin of the air preheater simulation device; the water outlet of the flue gas-water medium heat exchanger is connected with the water inlet of the water medium-combustion air heat exchanger and the water inlet of the water medium-air heat exchanger; the water medium-air heat exchanger is arranged on the air inlet pipeline, and the water medium-combustion air heat exchanger is arranged on the combustion air pipeline; the combustion air outlet of the water medium-combustion air heat exchanger is connected with the burner, and the air outlet of the water medium-air heat exchanger is connected with the inlet of the air sub-bin of the air preheater simulation device.
5. The air preheater edge Cheng Yanqi heat transfer ABS deposition simulation system of claim 3 further comprising a flue gas contaminant removal system disposed on the low temperature flue gas line, the flue gas contaminant removal system comprising a bag-type dust collector and an alkaline deacidification tower connected.
6. The air preheater edge Cheng Yanqi heat transfer ABS deposition modeling system of claim 1 wherein the rotor of the air preheater modeling device is disposed in the insulated housing, the rotor being mounted to a center sleeve located at the center of the insulated housing; the element sector of the rotor is provided with a heat exchange element, and the heat exchange element comprises a hot end element positioned at the upper part and a cold end element positioned at the lower part; the rotor is driven by a drive motor.
7. The air preheater edge Cheng Yanqi heat transfer ABS deposition modeling system of claim 6, wherein two sealing blocks are provided in both the upper and lower ends of the thermal insulation housing, the sealing blocks forming a flue gas compartment and an air compartment across the thermal insulation housing by separating the upper and lower ends of the thermal insulation housing.
8. The air preheater edge Cheng Yanqi heat transfer ABS deposition modeling system of claim 4 wherein the water outlet of the water-air heat exchanger and the water outlet of the water-combustion air heat exchanger are both connected to an electric water heater, the water outlet of which is connected to the water inlet of the flue gas-water heat exchanger.
9. The air preheater edge Cheng Yanqi heat transfer ABS deposition modeling system of claim 6, wherein a high temperature air jet nozzle is provided at the inlet of the air compartment of the air preheater modeling device; the high temperature air jet ejected by the high temperature air jet nozzle covers 25% of the area of the lower surface of the cold end element in the radial direction.
10. An air preheater heat exchange ABS deposition simulation method along Cheng Yanqi is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) The method comprises the steps of utilizing a smoke parameter measuring instrument to monitor smoke operation parameters on line, and utilizing an air parameter measuring instrument to monitor air operation parameters on line;
(2) Based on NH in flue gas 3 Concentration, SO 3 Performing four-factor five-level orthogonal combination ABS deposition simulation test on four factors of concentration, fly ash mass concentration and smoke discharge temperature at a smoke separation outlet;
(3) And after each test working condition is finished, taking out a detachable test fan block of the rotor, measuring the ABS ash deposition position and thickness distribution in the height direction, weighing the mass change of the test fan block, soaking the test fan block by using aqueous solution, measuring the ABS deposition amount by constant volume, recording the differential pressure change of the flue gas sub-bin, and analyzing the corresponding relation between the ABS deposition characteristics and the flue gas parameters, the along-path flue gas temperature distribution and the running time.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311001502.1A CN116754447B (en) | 2023-08-10 | 2023-08-10 | Air preheater heat exchange ABS deposition simulation system and method along Cheng Yanqi |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311001502.1A CN116754447B (en) | 2023-08-10 | 2023-08-10 | Air preheater heat exchange ABS deposition simulation system and method along Cheng Yanqi |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116754447A true CN116754447A (en) | 2023-09-15 |
| CN116754447B CN116754447B (en) | 2023-11-03 |
Family
ID=87953555
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311001502.1A Active CN116754447B (en) | 2023-08-10 | 2023-08-10 | Air preheater heat exchange ABS deposition simulation system and method along Cheng Yanqi |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116754447B (en) |
Citations (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09313891A (en) * | 1996-05-29 | 1997-12-09 | Babcock Hitachi Kk | Ammonia injection device for waste gas denitrification device |
| JPH11300164A (en) * | 1998-04-20 | 1999-11-02 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Boiler plant having denitration device, and denitration method |
| CN107191963A (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2017-09-22 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | A kind of method that rotary regenerative air preheater and the anti-ammonium hydrogen sulfate of the rotary regenerative air preheater are blocked |
| CN206560788U (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-10-17 | 麦克罗特技术无锡有限公司 | Selective sour gas control system |
| CN207440029U (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2018-06-01 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Denitrating catalyst device for evaluating performance |
| CN207591613U (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2018-07-10 | 伟明环保设备有限公司 | A kind of regenerated SCR system of low-temperature SCR catalyst |
| CN207778489U (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2018-08-28 | 湖南省湘电试验研究院有限公司 | Station boiler rotary regenerative air preheater and flue gas-air heat-exchange system |
| CN109028137A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2018-12-18 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | A kind of tubular preheater and its control method preventing ammonium hydrogen sulfate deposition |
| CN110030573A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2019-07-19 | 国网湖南省电力有限公司 | A kind of system for preventing rotary regenerative air preheater dust stratification from staiing |
| CN110801723A (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2020-02-18 | 浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司 | Method for removing SO in coal-fired flue gas by base injection3Pilot test device and method |
| CN113426293A (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2021-09-24 | 苏州西热节能环保技术有限公司 | SCR denitration device operation method |
| CN113578210A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-11-02 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Experimental device and method for generation of ammonium bisulfate |
| CN114210199A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-22 | 中冶南方都市环保工程技术股份有限公司 | Flue gas treatment system of biomass power plant |
| CN114333535A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-04-12 | 苏州西热节能环保技术有限公司 | Deposition simulation device of fly ash and ammonium bisulfate in flue gas on air preheater |
| CN114360354A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-04-15 | 苏州西热节能环保技术有限公司 | Method for simulating deposition process of fly ash and ammonium bisulfate in flue gas on air preheater |
| CN217302867U (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-08-26 | 内蒙古电力(集团)有限责任公司内蒙古电力科学研究院分公司 | Air heater's grey system of blowing certainly |
-
2023
- 2023-08-10 CN CN202311001502.1A patent/CN116754447B/en active Active
Patent Citations (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09313891A (en) * | 1996-05-29 | 1997-12-09 | Babcock Hitachi Kk | Ammonia injection device for waste gas denitrification device |
| JPH11300164A (en) * | 1998-04-20 | 1999-11-02 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Boiler plant having denitration device, and denitration method |
| CN206560788U (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-10-17 | 麦克罗特技术无锡有限公司 | Selective sour gas control system |
| CN207591613U (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2018-07-10 | 伟明环保设备有限公司 | A kind of regenerated SCR system of low-temperature SCR catalyst |
| CN107191963A (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2017-09-22 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | A kind of method that rotary regenerative air preheater and the anti-ammonium hydrogen sulfate of the rotary regenerative air preheater are blocked |
| CN207440029U (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2018-06-01 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Denitrating catalyst device for evaluating performance |
| CN207778489U (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2018-08-28 | 湖南省湘电试验研究院有限公司 | Station boiler rotary regenerative air preheater and flue gas-air heat-exchange system |
| CN109028137A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2018-12-18 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | A kind of tubular preheater and its control method preventing ammonium hydrogen sulfate deposition |
| CN110030573A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2019-07-19 | 国网湖南省电力有限公司 | A kind of system for preventing rotary regenerative air preheater dust stratification from staiing |
| CN110801723A (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2020-02-18 | 浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司 | Method for removing SO in coal-fired flue gas by base injection3Pilot test device and method |
| CN113426293A (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2021-09-24 | 苏州西热节能环保技术有限公司 | SCR denitration device operation method |
| CN113578210A (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2021-11-02 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Experimental device and method for generation of ammonium bisulfate |
| CN114210199A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-22 | 中冶南方都市环保工程技术股份有限公司 | Flue gas treatment system of biomass power plant |
| CN114333535A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-04-12 | 苏州西热节能环保技术有限公司 | Deposition simulation device of fly ash and ammonium bisulfate in flue gas on air preheater |
| CN114360354A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-04-15 | 苏州西热节能环保技术有限公司 | Method for simulating deposition process of fly ash and ammonium bisulfate in flue gas on air preheater |
| CN217302867U (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-08-26 | 内蒙古电力(集团)有限责任公司内蒙古电力科学研究院分公司 | Air heater's grey system of blowing certainly |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| J. MENASHA等: ""Ammonium bisulfate formation temperature in a bench-scale single-channel air preheater"", 《FUEL》 * |
| 刘建民;陈国庆;黄启龙;蔡培;李永生;: "燃煤脱硝机组空气预热器蓄热片表面飞灰沉积板结机理研究", 中国电机工程学报, no. 1 * |
| 钟礼金;宋玉宝;: "锅炉SCR烟气脱硝空气预热器堵塞原因及其解决措施", 热力发电, no. 08 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN116754447B (en) | 2023-11-03 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106996702B (en) | A kind of agglomeration for iron mine flue gas segmentation enrichment and UTILIZATION OF VESIDUAL HEAT IN emission reduction SOxAnd NOxMethod | |
| CN204952337U (en) | Wet flue gas desulfurization heat pipe formula heat transfer defogging device | |
| CN116754447B (en) | Air preheater heat exchange ABS deposition simulation system and method along Cheng Yanqi | |
| CN113351005A (en) | Low-temperature flue gas dry desulfurization process for preheating desulfurizing agent | |
| CN209279727U (en) | A kind of waste heat of boiler tail gas heat-exchanger rig | |
| CN106925116A (en) | Low-temperature smoke air SCR denitrification apparatus | |
| CN110333326B (en) | Sintering circulation flue gas simulation system and experimental method | |
| CN105571337A (en) | Energy-saving industrial furnace adopting biomass gasification combustion power generation system | |
| CN203370558U (en) | Desulfurization and denitrification active coke regeneration device | |
| CN210322970U (en) | Sintering circulation flue gas simulation system | |
| CN216647646U (en) | Deposition simulation device of fly ash and ammonium bisulfate in flue gas on air preheater | |
| CN206736168U (en) | A kind of semi-coke process units | |
| CN113830791A (en) | Skid-mounted block device for preparing ammonia by hydrolyzing conventional urea | |
| CN209213922U (en) | A kind of synergy emission reduction device for the power station IGCC combustion engine | |
| CN112460627B (en) | Rotary air preheater with cleaning function and cleaning method thereof | |
| CN202860408U (en) | Integral preposed preheating SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) denitrating device | |
| CN208779872U (en) | A kind of system using coal-burning power plant's Secondary Air dried biomass | |
| CN114471136A (en) | Coke oven coal charging and coke discharging dust removal flue gas desulfurization system | |
| RU2145050C1 (en) | Gas air heater | |
| CN207302754U (en) | A kind of horizontal environmentally friendly enamelling machine | |
| CN215939566U (en) | Denitration flue gas heating and flow equalizing device of sintering machine | |
| CN106401677B (en) | One kind being based on supercritical CO2The coal-burning boiler electricity generation system of working medium | |
| CN104689735A (en) | Integral ammonia injection mixer applicable to smoke channel type denitrification reactor | |
| CN111380365A (en) | Heat energy recycling device of grate cooler | |
| CN220159625U (en) | Active burnt system denitration dilution wind attemperator |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |