CN116749093B - Preparation process of magnetic grinding tool and slender tube internal polishing device based on magnetic grinding tool - Google Patents
Preparation process of magnetic grinding tool and slender tube internal polishing device based on magnetic grinding tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN116749093B CN116749093B CN202311010234.XA CN202311010234A CN116749093B CN 116749093 B CN116749093 B CN 116749093B CN 202311010234 A CN202311010234 A CN 202311010234A CN 116749093 B CN116749093 B CN 116749093B
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- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
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- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 15
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- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002173 cutting fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009694 cold isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
- B24D18/0009—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for using moulds or presses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
- B24B41/067—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies radially supporting workpieces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
- B24B47/20—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor relating to feed movement
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B5/36—Single-purpose machines or devices
- B24B5/40—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding tubes internally
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
- B24D18/0018—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for by electrolytic deposition
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
- B24D18/0054—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for by impressing abrasive powder in a matrix
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
- B24D3/06—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic metallic or mixture of metals with ceramic materials, e.g. hard metals, "cermets", cements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
- B24D3/342—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of machine tools, devices or processes for grinding or polishing, in particular to a preparation process of a magnetic grinding tool and an in-slender tube polishing device based on the magnetic grinding tool, which solve the technical problems in the background art. The magnetic grinding tool obtained through the preparation process of the magnetic grinding tool is matched with the polishing device in the slender pipe, and the inner surface of the slender pipe can be subjected to efficient polishing operation. An elongated in-tube polishing apparatus based on a magnetic grinder includes a magnetic grinder mounted to an inside of an elongated tube to be polished, a feed assembly, and a polishing assembly. The preparation process flow is simple, the polishing and grinding acting force of the magnetic grinding tool on the inner surface of the slender pipe workpiece is superior to that of other types of grinding materials, and the polishing and grinding tool has good polishing and machining effects; meanwhile, the device has the advantages of simple structure, easy operation, high automation degree, no need of manual participation in the polishing process, high polishing efficiency and capability of simultaneously processing a plurality of slender pipes; has better adaptability to rigidity, length and the like of the slender tube.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a machine tool, a device or a process for grinding or polishing, in particular to a preparation process of a magnetic grinding tool and an in-slender tube polishing device based on the magnetic grinding tool.
Background
The slender pipe fitting is widely applied to the fields of aviation, medical equipment, ultra-high pressure conveying and the like; the surface quality of the inner wall of the elongated tube plays an important role in the service performance of the tube during transport of the medium. Because the inner surface of the pipeline is in direct contact with the fluid, if the surface quality is poor, the original defect can not only cause the vortex phenomenon of the fluid, but also increase the on-way resistance of the fluid and the erosion phenomenon of the fluid, thereby accelerating the damage and corrosion of the slender pipe; meanwhile, burrs and scraps on the inner wall of the slender tube fall off due to the erosion effect, and the purity of the fluid is also affected.
The polishing medium must be extremely fine because the pore size of the elongated tube is too small and the pore depth is too long, which limits the cutting force and grinding ability, and makes it difficult to effectively remove coarse grains and raised particles in a relatively narrow and elongated space. At the same time, the slender tube has low rigidity and is easy to bend, so that many typical polishing techniques cannot meet the processing requirements of the workpiece. The polishing of the inner surface of the elongated tube is only possible in individual countries around the world, and most of the elongated tubes currently used by domestic enterprises come from importation or are directly treated with the tubes whose inner surfaces are untreated. Aiming at the existing polishing technology of the slender tube, the manual and mechanical polishing is only applicable to the tube with larger inner diameter, and the processing capability of the slender tube is slightly insufficient; the electrolytic polishing capability range is limited, and the electrolytic polishing capability is only suitable for removing tiny particles and grains on the surface and increasing the brightness of a mirror surface, but the removing amount of the pipe fitting with a rough inner wall is not large, and the service performance after processing is still less than the use requirement; the abrasive flow polishing technology is a polishing technology which is suitable for an elongated tube at present, but the processing time is too long, the efficiency is low, and meanwhile, for a tube with the length of 6m or more, the abrasive flow polishing technology cannot be processed; this is because the hydraulic cylinder must provide enough pressure to push the abrasive, which tends to clog the abrasive inside the tube and is not easily found, thereby increasing the internal pressure of the machine tool, and in severe cases even exceeding the rated pressure of the machine tool, causing unrecoverable damage to the machine tool. Therefore, there is a need to develop a grinding tool and a polishing device based on the grinding tool, which meet the requirements, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the polishing quality of the inner surface of the slender tube and simultaneously achieve higher efficiency and economy.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical defects of difficult polishing of the inner surface of the slender pipe, low quality of the polished inner surface, low processing efficiency and the like in the conventional polishing technology, the invention provides a preparation process of a magnetic grinding tool and a slender pipe inner polishing device based on the magnetic grinding tool.
The invention provides a preparation process of a magnetic grinding tool, which comprises the following steps:
step one, mixing: uniformly mixing neodymium iron boron alloy powder;
step two, smelting cast ingots: smelting the mixed raw materials in the first step to obtain a rapid hardening sheet alloy;
step three, crushing and pulverizing; loading the rapid hardening sheet alloy into a rotary hydrogen crushing furnace, and vacuumizing to 10 -2 Hydrogen crushing below Pa and dehydrogenation temperature set at 550-60 deg.c0℃；
Fourthly, magnetic field orientation molding: adopting a hydrogen crushing and pulverizing process to keep the size of the magnetic powder particles obtained in the step three within 3-4 mu m;
step five, cold isostatic pressing: weighing a proper amount of mixed powder treated in the fourth step, loading the mixed powder into a grinding tool, carrying out orientation compression, wherein the magnetic field direction is vertical to the compression direction, the magnetic field size is 1.5T, compressing for 15s under the pressure of 15MPa, and then raising the pressure to 90MPa and compressing for 15s so as to further remove air hole defects in the blank;
Step six, sintering heat treatment and tempering heat treatment: vacuum sintering the pressed compact at 1020-1080 ℃, performing primary aging at 900 ℃ and secondary aging at 500 ℃, and performing air cooling to obtain a sintered magnetic grinding tool semi-finished product;
step seven, wire electric discharge cutting and surface treatment: performing wire-cut electrical discharge machining on the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool, wherein the direction of a wire-moving path is perpendicular to the cold isostatic pressing direction, a cylindrical substrate is obtained, a plurality of axially arranged convex strips are uniformly distributed on the outer circular surface of the cylindrical substrate along the circumferential direction, the thickness of all the convex strips along the radial direction of the cylindrical substrate is equal, the thickness of the convex strips which are added with two times of the diameter of the cylindrical substrate is D1, the thickness of the D1 is smaller than the inner diameter of an elongated pipe to be machined by 1mm, and the ratio of the width of the convex strips to the D1 is 1:8;
step eight, preprocessing a semi-finished magnetic grinding tool substrate and preparing CBN abrasive particles: polishing and removing the surface molten layer and the microprotrusion part of the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool treated in the seventh step by using sand paper, performing weak acid activation treatment after ultrasonic cleaning, and finally placing the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool in a plating bath after washing; in the preparation step of the CBN abrasive particles, the CBN abrasive particles with the particle size of 80-120 meshes are firstly selected, then the CBN abrasive particles are put into acetone solution, ultrasonic cleaning is adopted, and then 50% HNO is put 3 +50%H 2 SO 4 Boiling, and washing with water;
step nine, sanding and electroplating: the outer surface of the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool treated in the step eight is pre-plated with a nickel layer, wherein the thickness of the nickel layer is 0.015-0.020mm, and the anti-corrosion effect is mainly achieved; then, the CBN abrasive particles are implanted on the nickel layer by a sand burying method, and the nickel layer is thickened to 0.04-0.05mm continuously, so that an abrasive layer consisting of the nickel layer and the CBN abrasive particles is formed on the outer surface of the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool from inside to outside;
step ten, magnetizing: and D, magnetizing the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool treated in the step nine to finally obtain a finished product of the magnetic grinding tool.
In the preparation process, the neodymium iron boron alloy powder in the first step can be consistent with the raw materials of the conventional neodymium iron boron. In the third step, a hydrogen pulverizing process is used to obtain a well-oriented magnet. In the seventh step, the size of the wire cutting processing can be properly adjusted according to the inner surfaces of the pipe fittings with different diameters, and the pipe fittings are washed and dried for standby after the wire cutting processing is completed; in the ninth step, a layer of nickel is preplating to mainly play a role in corrosion resistance, and the thickness of the CBN particles embedded into the nickel layer is about 30% of the particle size of the CBN particles; the parameters of the sand feeding electroplating are as follows: the plating solution is conventional composite plating solution with pH of 4.5-5, temperature of 45-60deg.C and current density of 2-3A/dm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the After electroplating is finished, washing the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool to remove surface electroplating liquid residues, and finally transferring the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool into an electrothermal blowing drying oven to keep the temperature at 150 ℃ for 30min. The structure of the finished magnetic grinding tool product finally obtained by the preparation process comprises a cylindrical matrix, wherein a plurality of axially arranged convex strips are uniformly distributed on the outer circular surface of the cylindrical matrix along the circumferential direction, the convex strips and the cylindrical matrix are integrally formed into a grinding tool matrix, the grinding tool matrix is a neodymium-iron-boron magnet, and a nickel layer and an abrasive layer are attached to the outer wall of the grinding tool matrix from inside to outside. The preparation process flow of the magnetic grinding tool is simple.
Preferably, the neodymium iron boron alloy powder in the first step comprises 32 mass percent of Nd powder, 64 mass percent of Fe powder, 1 mass percent of B powder, 0.1 to 0.6 mass percent of Tb powder, 0.6 to 1.2 mass percent of Dy powder, 1.2 mass percent of Co powder, 0.3 to 0.5 mass percent of Al powder and 0.05 to 0.15 mass percent of Cu powder, all the powdery components are added into a mixer for mixing for 2 hours, and argon is filled in the mixing process for protection; in the second step, the smelting temperature is set to 1045+/-5 ℃ and the smelting time is set to 30min.
Preferably, the orientation profiling is performed by placing the mixed powder into a pulsed magnetic field forming machine.
Preferably, the magnetizing step in the step ten is to place the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool processed in the step nine in magnetizing equipment, pre-magnetize the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool, magnetize for 5s under the magnetic field intensity of 0.5T, and enable the magnetic moments of the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool to start to be arranged towards the same direction, wherein the magnetizing direction is radial, and the magnetizing mode is pulse magnetizing; then the intensity of the magnetic field is increased to 1.5T, and the magnetizing time is 5s, so that the magnetic moments inside the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool are gradually arranged towards the same direction until the required magnetic performance is achieved; and finally, performing stabilization treatment on the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool, and keeping the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool for 5s under a magnetic field of 0.5T so as to ensure the stability of the magnetic performance of the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool.
The invention also provides a polishing device in the slender tube based on the magnetic grinding tool, which comprises the magnetic grinding tool obtained by the preparation process of the magnetic grinding tool, wherein the magnetic grinding tool is positioned in the slender tube and used for polishing the inner surface of the slender tube; further comprising a feed assembly and a polishing assembly;
the feeding assembly comprises a base, a ball screw pair, a first stepping motor, a polishing movable support, a first fixed support and a second fixed support, wherein the first fixed support and the second fixed support are respectively and fixedly connected to the front end part and the rear end part of the base;
The polishing assembly comprises an inner gear ring, an outer gear ring, a second supporting plate, a spoke type straight-tooth cylindrical gear, a sun gear, a plurality of planetary gears and a second stepping motor, wherein the sun gear, the planetary gears and the second stepping motor are meshed, the second supporting plate is perpendicular to a screw rod and fixedly connected with a polishing movable support, the sun gear and the planetary gears are respectively installed on the front side wall of the second supporting plate through a nylon hollow shaft, the nylon hollow shaft penetrates through the second supporting plate, the axial rear end face of the nylon hollow shaft is coplanar with the rear side wall of the second supporting plate and is fixed in a cementing mode, and a limiting shaft shoulder is arranged at the position, which is attached to the front side wall of the second supporting plate, of the nylon hollow shaft; the sun gear and the plurality of planetary gears are positioned at the inner side of the annular gear, the annular gear is meshed with all the planetary gears, the inner ring of the outer annular gear is fixedly attached to the outer ring of the annular gear, the spoke type straight-tooth cylindrical gear is mounted on the front side wall of the second supporting plate, the second stepping motor is positioned on the rear side wall of the second supporting plate, the output shaft of the second stepping motor is in transmission connection with the spoke type straight-tooth cylindrical gear, the spoke type straight-tooth cylindrical gear is meshed with the outer annular gear, and the second supporting plate is also connected with a gear box cover for covering all gears; the sun gear and the planetary gear have consistent structures and comprise magnetic guide rings and two external magnetic poles with opposite magnetic poles, wherein the external magnetic poles are symmetrically arranged along the radial direction of the nylon hollow shaft; an electromagnetic clamping device connected to the rear side wall of the second supporting plate is arranged at the rear port of each nylon hollow shaft, and comprises two clamping blocks which are respectively positioned at the left side and the right side of the nylon hollow shaft and used for clamping an elongated tube to be polished;
The first support plate and the third support plate are respectively provided with a plurality of through holes which are equal to the nylon hollow shafts in number and horizontally correspond to the nylon hollow shafts in position and are used for penetrating the to-be-polished elongated tubes, the first support plate is fixedly connected with a head end limiting sensor, and the third support plate is fixedly connected with a tail end limiting sensor; the polishing assembly further comprises a cutting fluid container, a termination sensor and a central processing unit, wherein the termination sensor is fixed to the tail of the slender tube to be polished, the cutting fluid container is connected with a valve plate through a hose, the valve plate is connected to the head end of the slender tube to be polished, and the termination sensor, the head end limit sensor, the tail end limit sensor, the first stepping motor, the second stepping motor and the electromagnetic clamping device are all electrically connected with the central processing unit.
In the slender pipe internal polishing device based on the magnetic grinding tool, the magnetic grinding tool is positioned in the slender pipe and is coaxially arranged; the first stepping motor is fixed on the first supporting plate through a screw, an output shaft of the first stepping motor penetrates through the first supporting plate, the first stepping motor is fixedly connected with the end part of a screw rod of the ball screw pair through a plum blossom coupler, a sliding nut of the ball screw pair is fixedly connected to the side face of the polishing movable support through a flange and a screw, and under the rotation action of the first stepping motor, the polishing movable support can reciprocate back and forth along the screw rod through the special running mode of the sliding nut of the ball screw pair. In the polishing assembly, the second stepping motor is fixed on the second supporting plate through a screw, an output shaft of the second stepping motor penetrates through the second supporting plate and is fixedly connected with the spoke type straight-tooth cylindrical gear, the spoke type straight-tooth cylindrical gear and the outer tooth ring form a pair of meshing pairs, and because the outer tooth ring is fixedly connected with the inner tooth ring, when the second stepping motor drives the spoke type straight-tooth cylindrical gear to rotate, the spoke type straight-tooth cylindrical gear drives the outer tooth ring to rotate, then the inner tooth ring synchronously rotates along with the outer tooth ring, and the inner tooth ring drives the sun gear and the plurality of planetary gears to rotate. The gear box cover is fixed on the second supporting plate through bolts, and the gear box cover is arranged to prevent dust and dirt from invading the moving part, so that normal operation of all gears is ensured, and stable connection of the gears is ensured. The sun gear and the plurality of planetary gears comprise magnetic conducting rings and external magnetic poles with opposite magnetic poles, a magnetic field can be formed at two ends of the nylon hollow shaft under the structure, and a closed magnetic loop is formed through the magnetic conducting rings so as to prevent magnetic leakage. The electromagnetic clamping device generates different magnetic fields by connecting currents in different directions, and two clamping blocks are relatively close by means of attractive force between opposite magnetic poles, so that an elongated tube to be polished is clamped, and when the electromagnetic clamping device is powered off, attractive force of the two clamping blocks disappears, and the elongated tube cannot be polished. The device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, high automation degree, no need of manual participation in the polishing process, high polishing efficiency, capability of simultaneously processing a plurality of slender pipes, and capability of processing the slender pipes, wherein the specific dimension of the slender pipes is that the outer diameter is 8mm less than or equal to 10mm, the inner diameter is 2mm less than or equal to 6mm, and the length L is more than or equal to 5000mm; has better adaptability to rigidity, length and the like of the slender tube.
When the slender tube to be polished is honed, the slender tube to be polished sequentially penetrates through the through hole of the first supporting plate, the nylon hollow shaft of the second supporting plate and the through hole of the third supporting plate, and the magnetic grinding tool is placed inside the slender tube to be polished and is positioned between the two outer magnetic poles; under the drive of the gear, the outer magnetic pole follows to perform rotary motion, a rotary magnetic field is formed inside the slender tube to be polished, so that the magnetic grinding tool is driven to perform rotary motion inside the slender tube to be polished, and simultaneously, the final motion mode of the magnetic grinding tool is spiral advance under the feed motion of the sliding nut of the ball screw pair, so that the aim of polishing the inner surface of the slender tube workpiece is fulfilled; in the polishing process, the cutting fluid is pumped out from the cutting fluid container and flows into the inlet end of the valve plate through the hose, a plurality of outlet ends of the valve plate are just embedded into ports of the equal number of slender pipes to be polished, and meanwhile, the cutting fluid is distributed into the five slender pipes to be polished, so that chips generated in the polishing process are taken away, and meanwhile, the functions of cooling and lubricating are achieved.
In the whole polishing process, the processing period is divided into two strokes, namely a polishing stroke when the second supporting plate moves from the first supporting plate to the third supporting plate and a feeding stroke when the second supporting plate moves from the third supporting plate to the first supporting plate; the head end limit sensor is arranged on the first supporting plate and is positioned at the right lower end of the ball screw, the tail end limit sensor is arranged on the third supporting plate and is positioned at the right lower end of the ball screw, when the polishing movable support is positioned at the starting position of the polishing stroke, the head end limit sensor transmits an electric signal to the central processing unit, the central processing unit sends a corresponding signal to control the electromagnetic clamping device to be not electrified, meanwhile, the first stepping motor and the second stepping motor are controlled to rotate positively, the screw rotates to drive the polishing movable support to move towards the third supporting plate along the screw, and the magnetic grinding tool moves forwards along with the second supporting plate and polishes the inner surface of the slender pipe workpiece under the driving action of an external magnetic field; when the polishing movable support moves to the third support plate, the tail end limiting sensor detects a signal and transmits the signal to the central processing unit, the central processing unit sends a corresponding signal to control the electromagnetic clamping device to be electrified, the two clamping blocks move relatively to clamp the slender tube to be polished after the electromagnetic clamping device is electrified, meanwhile, the first stepping motor is controlled to rotate reversely, the screw rod rotates reversely to drive the polishing movable support to move towards the first support plate along the screw rod, at the moment, the second support plate and the slender tube to be polished move synchronously forwards relatively to rest, when the polishing movable support moves to the first support plate, the head end limiting sensor receives a corresponding signal again, so that the slender tube workpiece is continuously polished, the device can automatically polish the inner surface of the whole slender tube, in the last processing period of the polishing process, after the end sensor at the tail end of the slender tube to be polished transmits the signal to the central processing unit, the first stepping motor and the second stepping motor stop rotating, the whole device is powered off, the slender tube workpiece is taken out and cleaned, and the processing process is finished. In the specific process, the rotating speed of the first stepping motor is 5r/min in the polishing stroke, the rotating speed of the second stepping motor is 150r/min in the feeding stroke.
Preferably, the sun gear and the planetary gear are divided into three layers from outside to inside, namely a nylon outer ring, a magnetic conduction ring and a nylon inner ring, wherein the three layers are fixed in a cementing mode, straight teeth are uniformly arranged on the nylon outer ring along the circumference, a mounting hole is formed in the center of the nylon inner ring and is coaxially arranged with a nylon hollow shaft, two through grooves for embedding an outer magnetic pole are symmetrically formed in the nylon inner ring along 180 DEG, the outer end of the outer magnetic pole is connected with the magnetic conduction ring, and the inner end of the outer magnetic pole is attached to the nylon hollow shaft. After the three layers are fixed through cementing, the whole structure is coated to reduce abrasion and corrosion, the magnetic conducting ring is made of No. 45 steel, and the magnetic conducting ring and the two outer magnetic poles form a closed magnetic loop.
Preferably, the clamping block in the electromagnetic clamping device comprises a fixed block, a locking block, a rubber cushion block, a winding element and a reset compression spring, wherein the fixed block is fixedly connected with the second supporting plate, a horizontal sliding groove is formed in the fixed block, a baffle plate integrally formed with the fixed block is arranged at the end part of the horizontal sliding groove, which is close to the nylon hollow shaft, a mounting boss is arranged on the baffle plate, a limit sliding block matched with the horizontal sliding groove is integrally formed at the bottom of the locking block, the reset compression spring is arranged between the limit sliding block and the mounting boss, a mounting cavity for fixing the winding element is formed in the locking block, the rubber cushion block is fixedly connected to the end part of the locking block, which is close to the nylon hollow shaft, and the end part of the rubber cushion block, which is used for contacting the elongated pipe to be polished, is arranged as a concave surface, and a certain number of turns of coils are wound on the winding element; the winding elements of the two clamping blocks in the same electromagnetic clamping device are connected with currents in different directions and are used for generating different magnetic poles so as to clamp the to-be-polished slender tube. The fixed block is transversely arranged on two sides of the nylon hollow shaft, the horizontal sliding groove is consistent with the length direction of the fixed block, and the reset compression spring can push the locking block to the original position under the condition that the winding element is not electrified.
Preferably, the bottom of the polishing movable support is fixedly connected with a sliding piece matched with the sliding rail, and the sliding piece can move along the length direction of the sliding rail under the limiting effect. The sliding piece is fixedly connected to the bottom of the polishing movable support through a screw, and can only move along the length direction of the sliding rail under the limiting effect.
Preferably, the gear ratio of the spoke type straight-tooth cylindrical gear to the outer gear ring is 1:3, and the gear ratio of the sun gear to the planetary gear is 1:1. The arrangement structure is reasonable.
Preferably, the number of the planetary gears is four, and is uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction of the sun gear. The arrangement structure is reasonable.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following advantages: the preparation process flow of the magnetic grinding tool is simple, and the prepared magnetic grinding tool has good polishing effect; the polishing and grinding acting force on the inner surface of the slender pipe workpiece is superior to that of other types of abrasive materials, and the polishing and grinding device has good processing effect; meanwhile, the processing device has simple structure, easy operation and high automation degree, does not need manual participation in the polishing process, has high polishing efficiency, and can process a plurality of slender pipes simultaneously; has better adaptability to rigidity, length and the like of the slender tube.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic grinding tool finally obtained by the preparation process of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the path of the wire cut electrical discharge machining in the manufacturing process according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a magnetic abrasive article finally obtained by the manufacturing process of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the polishing device in an elongated tube based on a magnetic grinding tool after the elongated tube to be polished is installed;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the cooperation of all gears in the polishing device in an elongated tube based on a magnetic grinder according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of a sun gear or planetary gear according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the polishing device in an elongated tube based on a magnetic grinder according to the present invention when the elongated tube to be polished is not mounted;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the overall enlarged construction of the clamping block shown in section I of FIG. 7;
fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of fig. 8 taken along A-A.
In the figure: 1. a grinding tool matrix; 2. a nickel layer; 3. a grinding material layer; 4. a base; 5. a slide rail; 6. polishing the movable support; 7. a slider; 8. a slip nut; 9. a ball screw pair; 10. a first stepping motor; 11. a first support plate; 12. an elongated tube to be polished; 13. a gear box cover; 14. a second support plate; 15. a third support plate; 16. an outer ring gear; 17. an inner gear ring; 18. a planetary gear; 19. nylon hollow shaft; 20. an outer magnetic pole; 21. a sun gear; 22. a nylon outer ring; 23. a magnetic conductive ring; 24. a nylon inner ring; 25. spoke type straight tooth cylindrical gear; 26. plum blossom shaft coupling; 27. a second stepping motor; 28. a locking block; 29. a winding element; 30. a rubber cushion block; 31. a fixed block; 32. a return compression spring; 33. a tail end limit sensor; 34. terminating the sensor; 35. a head end limit sensor; 36. a cutting fluid container; 37. a hose; 38. a port plate.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, a further description of the invention will be made. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.
In the description, it should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. It should be noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the terms described above will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as the case may be.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced otherwise than as described herein; it will be apparent that the embodiments in the specification are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention.
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to fig. 1 to 9.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a process for preparing a magnetic abrasive article, comprising the steps of:
step one, mixing: uniformly mixing neodymium iron boron alloy powder;
step two, smelting cast ingots: smelting the mixed raw materials in the first step to obtain a rapid hardening sheet alloy;
step three, crushing and pulverizing; loading the rapid hardening sheet alloy into a rotary hydrogen crushing furnace, and vacuumizing to 10 -2 Hydrogen crushing is carried out after Pa is lower, the dehydrogenation temperature is set to 550-600 ℃ and the duration time is 5h;
fourthly, magnetic field orientation molding: adopting a hydrogen crushing and pulverizing process to keep the size of the magnetic powder particles obtained in the step three within 3-4 mu m;
step five, cold isostatic pressing: weighing a proper amount of mixed powder treated in the fourth step, loading the mixed powder into a grinding tool, carrying out orientation compression, wherein the magnetic field direction is vertical to the compression direction, the magnetic field size is 1.5T, compressing for 15s under the pressure of 15MPa, and then raising the pressure to 90MPa and compressing for 15s so as to further remove air hole defects in the blank;
step six, sintering heat treatment and tempering heat treatment: vacuum sintering the pressed compact for 5 hours at 1020-1080 ℃, then performing primary aging at 900 ℃ and secondary aging at 500 ℃, and air cooling to obtain a sintered magnetic grinding tool semi-finished product;
Step seven, wire electric discharge cutting and surface treatment: wire-electrode cutting is carried out on the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool, the direction of a wire moving path is perpendicular to the cold isostatic pressing direction, the wire moving path is shown in fig. 2, a cylindrical substrate is obtained, a plurality of axially arranged convex strips are circumferentially distributed on the outer circular surface of the cylindrical substrate, the thickness of the convex strips along the radial direction of the cylindrical substrate is equal, the thickness of the convex strips which are added with two times of the diameter of the cylindrical substrate is D1, D1 is smaller than the inner diameter of an elongated pipe to be processed by 1mm, and the ratio of the width of the convex strips to the D1 is 1:8; in a specific embodiment, the number of the raised strips can be set to 6 or 8;
step eight, preprocessing a semi-finished magnetic grinding tool substrate and preparing CBN abrasive particles: polishing with sand paper to remove the surface molten layer and the microprotrusion part of the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool treated in the seventh step, ultrasonically cleaning for 10min, then activating with weak acid, finally washing with water and then placing into a plating bath; in the preparation step of CBN abrasive particles, CBN abrasive particles with the particle size of 80-120 meshes are firstly selected, then the CBN abrasive particles are put into acetone solution and are cleaned by ultrasonic waves for 30min, and then 50% HNO is put into 3 +50%H 2 SO 4 Boiling for 30min, and washing with water;
step nine, sanding and electroplating: the outer surface of the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool treated in the step eight is pre-plated with a layer of nickel, and the thickness of the nickel layer 2 is 0.015-0.020mm, so that the anti-corrosion effect is mainly achieved; then, the CBN abrasive particles are implanted on the nickel layer 2 through a sand burying method, and then the nickel layer 2 is continuously thickened to 0.04-0.05mm, so that an abrasive layer 3 consisting of the nickel layer 2 and the CBN abrasive particles is formed on the outer surface of the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool from inside to outside, and the concrete is shown in figure 3;
Step ten, magnetizing: and D, magnetizing the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool treated in the step nine to finally obtain a finished product of the magnetic grinding tool.
In the preparation process, the neodymium iron boron alloy powder in the first step can be consistent with the raw materials of the conventional neodymium iron boron. In the third step, a hydrogen pulverizing process is used to obtain a well-oriented magnet. In the seventh step, the size of the wire cutting processing can be properly adjusted according to the inner surfaces of the pipe fittings with different diameters, and the pipe fittings are washed and dried for standby after the wire cutting processing is completed; in the step nine, a layer of nickel is preplating, which mainly plays a role in corrosion resistance, and the thickness of the CBN particles embedded into the nickel layer 2 is about 30 percent of the particle size of the CBN particles; the parameters of the sand feeding electroplating are as follows: the plating solution is conventional composite plating solution with pH of 4.5-5, temperature of 45-60deg.C and current density of 2-3A/dm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the After electroplating is finished, washing the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool to remove surface electroplating liquid residues, and finally transferring the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool into an electrothermal blowing drying oven to keep the temperature at 150 ℃ for 30min. The structure of the finished magnetic grinding tool product finally obtained by the preparation process comprises a cylindrical matrix, wherein a plurality of axially arranged convex strips are uniformly distributed on the outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical matrix along the circumferential direction, the convex strips and the cylindrical matrix are integrally formed into a grinding tool matrix 1, the grinding tool matrix 1 is a neodymium-iron-boron magnet, and a nickel layer 2 and an abrasive layer 3 are attached to the outer wall of the grinding tool matrix 1 from inside to outside. The preparation process flow of the magnetic grinding tool is simple.
Based on the above embodiment, in a preferred embodiment, the neodymium iron boron alloy powder in the first step includes, by mass, 32% of Nd powder, 64% of Fe powder, 1% of B powder, 0.1 to 0.6% of Tb powder, 0.6 to 1.2% of Dy powder, 1.2% of Co powder, 0.3 to 0.5% of Al powder and 0.05 to 0.15% of cu powder, mixing the powder components in a mixer for 2 hours, and filling argon gas for protection during the mixing process; in the second step, the smelting temperature is set to 1045+/-5 ℃ and the smelting time is set to 30min.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in a preferred embodiment, the orientation profiling is performed by placing the mixed powder into a pulsed magnetic field forming machine.
Based on the above embodiment, in a preferred embodiment, the magnetizing step in step ten is to place the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool processed in step nine in a magnetizing apparatus, perform pre-magnetizing treatment on the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool, magnetize for 5s under a magnetic field strength of 0.5T, so that magnetic moments of the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool begin to be arranged towards the same direction, the magnetizing direction is radial, and the magnetizing mode is pulse magnetizing; then the intensity of the magnetic field is increased to 1.5T, and the magnetizing time is 5s, so that the magnetic moments inside the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool are gradually arranged towards the same direction until the required magnetic performance is achieved; and finally, performing stabilization treatment on the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool, and keeping the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool for 5s under a magnetic field of 0.5T so as to ensure the stability of the magnetic performance of the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool.
In a certain embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4 to 7, there is further provided an in-elongated tube polishing device based on a magnetic grinding tool, where the magnetic grinding tool is obtained by the preparation process of the magnetic grinding tool according to the present invention, and the magnetic grinding tool is located inside the elongated tube to polish the inner surface of the elongated tube; further comprising a feed assembly and a polishing assembly;
the feeding assembly comprises a base 4, a ball screw pair 9, a first stepping motor 10, a polishing movable support 6, a first fixed support and a second fixed support, wherein the first fixed support and the second fixed support are respectively and fixedly connected to the front end and the rear end of the base 4, two sliding rails 5 which are arranged along the front and the rear directions of the base 4 are arranged on the base 4 between the first fixed support and the second fixed support, a first supporting plate 11 and a third supporting plate 15 which are perpendicular to the sliding rails 5 are respectively and fixedly connected to the first fixed support and the second fixed support, a screw rod of the ball screw pair 9 is parallel to the sliding rails 5, two ends of the screw rod are respectively and rotatably connected with the first supporting plate 11 and the third supporting plate 15, the polishing movable support 6 is positioned between the two fixed supports and is in sliding fit with the sliding rails 5, the polishing movable support 6 is fixedly connected with a sliding nut 8 of the ball screw pair 9, and the first stepping motor 10 is connected with a screw rod of the ball screw pair 9 to drive the screw rod to rotate;
The polishing assembly comprises an inner gear ring 17, an outer gear ring 16, a second supporting plate 14, a spoke type straight-tooth cylindrical gear 25, a sun gear 21, a plurality of planetary gears 18 and a second stepping motor 27 which are meshed, wherein the second supporting plate 14 is perpendicular to a lead screw and is fixedly connected with a polishing movable support 6, the sun gear 21 and the plurality of planetary gears 18 are respectively installed on the front side wall of the second supporting plate 14 through a nylon hollow shaft 19, the nylon hollow shaft 19 penetrates through the second supporting plate 14, the axial rear end face of the nylon hollow shaft 19 is coplanar with the rear side wall of the second supporting plate 14 and is fixed in a cementing mode, and a limiting shaft shoulder is arranged at the front side wall of the nylon hollow shaft 19, which is attached to the second supporting plate 14; the sun gear 21 and the plurality of planet gears 18 are positioned on the inner side of the annular gear 17, the annular gear 17 is meshed with all the planet gears 18, the inner ring of the outer ring gear 16 is fixedly attached to the outer ring of the annular gear 17, a spoke type straight-tooth cylindrical gear 25 is mounted on the front side wall of the second supporting plate 14, a second stepping motor 27 is positioned on the rear side wall of the second supporting plate 14, an output shaft of the second stepping motor 27 is in transmission connection with the spoke type straight-tooth cylindrical gear 25, the spoke type straight-tooth cylindrical gear 25 is meshed with the outer ring gear 16, and a gear box cover 13 for arranging all gear covers inside is also connected on the second supporting plate 14; the sun gear 21 and the planetary gear 18 are consistent in structure and comprise a magnetic conduction ring 23 and two external magnetic poles 20 with opposite magnetic poles, which are symmetrically arranged along the radial direction of the nylon hollow shaft 19; an electromagnetic clamping device connected to the rear side wall of the second supporting plate 14 is arranged at the rear port of each nylon hollow shaft 19, and comprises two clamping blocks which are respectively positioned at the left side and the right side of the nylon hollow shaft 19 and used for clamping the to-be-polished slender tube 12;
The first support plate 11 and the third support plate 15 are respectively provided with a plurality of through holes which are equal to the nylon hollow shafts 19 in number and horizontally correspond to the nylon hollow shafts in position and are used for penetrating the to-be-polished slender tube 12, the first support plate 11 is fixedly connected with a head end limit sensor 35, and the third support plate 15 is fixedly connected with a tail end limit sensor 33; the polishing assembly further comprises a cutting fluid container 36, a termination sensor 34 and a central processing unit, wherein the termination sensor 34 is fixed to the tail of the slender tube 12 to be polished, the cutting fluid container 36 is connected with a valve plate 38 through a hose 37, the valve plate 38 is connected to the head end of the slender tube 12 to be polished, and the termination sensor 34, the head end limit sensor 35, the tail end limit sensor 33, the first stepping motor 10, the second stepping motor 27 and the electromagnetic clamping device are all electrically connected with the central processing unit.
In the slender pipe internal polishing device based on the magnetic grinding tool, the magnetic grinding tool is positioned in the slender pipe and is coaxially arranged; the first stepping motor 10 is fixed on the first supporting plate 11 through a screw, an output shaft of the first stepping motor penetrates through the first supporting plate 11, the first stepping motor is fixedly connected with the screw end of the ball screw pair 9 through a plum blossom coupler 26, the sliding nut 8 of the ball screw pair 9 is fixedly connected to the side face of the polishing movable support 6 through a flange and a screw, and under the rotation effect of the first stepping motor 10, the polishing movable support 6 can reciprocate back and forth along the screw through the special running mode of the sliding nut 8 of the ball screw pair 9. In the polishing assembly, the second stepper motor 27 is fixed on the second support plate 14 through a screw, and an output shaft of the second stepper motor penetrates through the second support plate 14 and is fixedly connected with the spoke-type straight-tooth cylindrical gear 25, the spoke-type straight-tooth cylindrical gear 25 and the outer gear ring 16 form a pair of meshing pairs, and because the outer gear ring 16 is fixedly connected with the inner gear ring 17, when the second stepper motor 27 drives the spoke-type straight-tooth cylindrical gear 25 to rotate, the spoke-type straight-tooth cylindrical gear 25 drives the outer gear ring 16 to rotate, and then the inner gear ring 17 synchronously rotates along with the outer gear ring 16, and the inner gear ring 17 drives the sun gear 21 and the plurality of planet gears 18 to rotate. The gear box cover 13 is fixed on the second supporting plate 14 through bolts, and the gear box cover 13 is arranged to prevent dust and dirt from invading the moving part, ensure normal operation of all gears and ensure stable connection of the gears. The sun gear 21 and the plurality of planetary gears 18 respectively comprise a magnetic conduction ring 23 and two external magnetic poles 20 with opposite magnetic poles, and a magnetic field can be formed at two ends of the nylon hollow shaft 19 under the structure, and a closed magnetic loop is formed through the magnetic conduction ring 23 to prevent magnetic leakage. The electromagnetic clamping device generates different magnetic fields by connecting currents in different directions, and the two clamping blocks are relatively close by virtue of attractive force between opposite magnetic poles, so that the to-be-polished slender tube 12 is clamped, and when the electromagnetic clamping device is powered off, the attractive force of the two clamping blocks disappears, and the to-be-polished slender tube 12 cannot be clamped. The device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, high automation degree, no need of manual participation in the polishing process, high polishing efficiency, capability of simultaneously processing a plurality of slender pipes, and capability of processing the slender pipes, wherein the specific dimension of the slender pipes is that the outer diameter is 8mm less than or equal to 10mm, the inner diameter is 2mm less than or equal to 6mm, and the length L is more than or equal to 5000mm; has better adaptability to rigidity, length and the like of the slender tube.
When honing the to-be-polished slender tube 12, sequentially penetrating the to-be-polished slender tube 12 through the through hole of the first supporting plate 11, the nylon hollow shaft 19 of the second supporting plate 14 and the through hole of the third supporting plate 15, and placing a magnetic grinding tool inside the to-be-polished slender tube 12 and between the two outer magnetic poles 20; under the drive of the gear, the outer magnetic pole 20 rotates to form a rotating magnetic field in the slender tube 12 to be polished, so that the magnetic grinding tool is driven to rotate in the slender tube 12 to be polished, and simultaneously, the final movement form of the magnetic grinding tool is spiral advance under the feeding movement of the sliding nut 8 of the ball screw pair 9, so that the aim of polishing the inner surface of the slender tube workpiece is fulfilled; in the polishing process, the cutting fluid is pumped out of the cutting fluid container 36 and flows into the inlet end of the valve plate 38 through the hose 37, a plurality of outlet ends of the valve plate 38 are just embedded into the ports of the equal number of the slender tubes 12 to be polished, and meanwhile, the cutting fluid is distributed into the five slender tubes 12 to be polished so as to take away scraps generated in the polishing process, and meanwhile, the functions of cooling and lubricating are achieved.
In the whole polishing process, the process cycle is divided into two strokes, namely a polishing stroke when the second supporting plate 14 moves from the first supporting plate 11 to the third supporting plate 15 and a feeding stroke when the second supporting plate 14 moves from the third supporting plate 15 to the first supporting plate 11; the head end limit sensor 35 is arranged on the first supporting plate 11 and is positioned at the right lower end of the ball screw, the tail end limit sensor 39 is arranged on the third supporting plate 15 and is positioned at the right lower end of the ball screw, when the polishing movable support 6 is positioned at the starting position of the polishing stroke, the head end limit sensor 35 transmits an electric signal to the central processing unit, the central processing unit sends a corresponding signal to control the electromagnetic clamping device to be not electrified, and simultaneously controls the first stepping motor 10 and the second stepping motor 27 to rotate positively, the screw rotates to drive the polishing movable support 6 to move towards the third supporting plate 15 along the screw, and the magnetic grinding tool moves forwards along with the second supporting plate 14 under the drive of an external magnetic field and polishes the inner surface of the slender pipe workpiece; when the polishing movable support 6 moves to the third support plate 15, the tail end limit sensor 39 detects a signal and transmits the signal to the central processing unit, at this time, the central processing unit sends a corresponding signal to control the electromagnetic clamping device to be electrified, the two clamping blocks move relatively to clamp the slender tube 12 to be polished after the electromagnetic clamping device is electrified, meanwhile, the first stepping motor 10 is controlled to rotate reversely, the screw rod rotates reversely to drive the polishing movable support 6 to move along the screw rod to the first support plate 11, at this time, the second support plate 14 and the slender tube 12 to be polished move relatively synchronously forwards relative to each other, when the polishing movable support 6 moves to the first support plate 11, the head end limit sensor 35 receives a corresponding signal again, so that the slender tube workpiece continues to be polished, and the device can automatically polish the inner surface of the whole slender tube. In a specific process, the rotation speed of the first stepping motor 10 during the polishing stroke is 5r/min, the rotation speed during the feeding stroke is 150r/min, and the rotation speed of the second stepping motor 27 is 150r/min.
Based on the above embodiment, in a preferred embodiment, the sun gear 21 and the planetary gear 18 are divided into three layers from outside to inside, namely, a nylon outer ring 22, a magnetic conducting ring 23 and a nylon inner ring 24, the three layers are fixed in a cementing manner, straight teeth are uniformly arranged on the periphery of the nylon outer ring 22, a mounting hole is arranged in the center of the nylon inner ring 24 and is coaxially mounted with the nylon hollow shaft 19, two through grooves for embedding the outer magnetic pole 20 are symmetrically processed on the nylon inner ring 24 along 180 degrees, the outer end of the outer magnetic pole 20 is connected with the magnetic conducting ring 23, and the inner end is bonded with the nylon hollow shaft 19. After the three layers are fixed by cementing, the whole structure is coated to reduce abrasion and corrosion, the magnetic conducting ring 23 is made of No. 45 steel, and the magnetic conducting ring 23 and the two outer magnetic poles 20 form a closed magnetic loop.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 8 to 9, the clamping block in the electromagnetic clamping device comprises a fixed block 31, a locking block 28, a rubber cushion block 30, a winding element 29 and a return compression spring 32, wherein the fixed block 31 is fixedly connected with the second supporting plate 14, a horizontal sliding groove is formed on the fixed block 31, a baffle plate integrally formed with the fixed block 31 is arranged at the end part of the horizontal sliding groove, which is close to the nylon hollow shaft 19, a mounting boss is arranged on the baffle plate, a limit slider matched with the horizontal sliding groove is integrally formed at the bottom of the locking block 28, the return compression spring 32 is arranged between the limit slider and the mounting boss, a mounting cavity for fixing the winding element 29 is formed in the locking block 28, the rubber cushion block 30 is fixedly connected to the end part of the locking block 28, which is close to the nylon hollow shaft 19, the end part of the rubber cushion block 30, which is used for contacting the slender tube 12 to be polished, is arranged as a concave surface, and a coil with a certain number of turns is wound on the winding element 29; the winding elements 29 of the two clamping blocks in the same electromagnetic clamping device can be connected with currents in different directions under the control of the central controller for generating different magnetic poles so as to clamp the elongated tube 12 to be polished. The fixing blocks 31 are transversely arranged on two sides of the nylon hollow shaft 19, the horizontal sliding grooves are consistent with the length direction of the fixing blocks 31, and the restoring compression springs 32 can push the locking blocks 28 to the original positions under the condition that the winding elements 29 are not electrified.
On the basis of the above embodiment, in a preferred embodiment, the bottom of the polishing movable support 6 is fixedly connected with a sliding member 7 adapted to the slide rail 5, and the sliding member 7 can move along the length direction of the slide rail 5 under the limiting action. The sliding piece 7 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the polishing movable support 6 through a screw, and under the limiting effect, the sliding piece 7 can only move along the length direction of the sliding rail 5.
Based on the above embodiment, in a preferred embodiment, the ratio of the number of teeth of the spoke-type spur gear 25 to the outer ring gear 16 is 1:3, and the ratio of the number of teeth of the sun gear 21 to the planet gears 18 is 1:1. The arrangement structure is reasonable.
On the basis of the above-described embodiment, in a preferred embodiment, the number of the planetary gears 18 is four and is uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction of the sun gear 21. The arrangement structure is reasonable.
The foregoing is only a specific embodiment of the invention to enable those skilled in the art to understand or practice the invention. Although described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the embodiments, and they should be construed as covering the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation process of the magnetic grinding tool is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, mixing: uniformly mixing neodymium iron boron alloy powder;
step two, smelting cast ingots: smelting the mixed raw materials in the first step to obtain a rapid hardening sheet alloy;
step three, crushing and pulverizing; loading the rapid hardening sheet alloy into a rotary hydrogen crushing furnace, and vacuumizing to 10 -2 Hydrogen crushing is carried out after Pa is lower, and the dehydrogenation temperature is set to 550-600 ℃;
fourthly, magnetic field orientation molding: adopting a hydrogen crushing and pulverizing process to keep the size of the magnetic powder particles obtained in the step three within 3-4 mu m;
step five, cold isostatic pressing: weighing a proper amount of mixed powder treated in the fourth step, loading the mixed powder into a grinding tool, carrying out orientation compression, wherein the magnetic field direction is vertical to the compression direction, the magnetic field size is 1.5T, compressing for 15s under the pressure of 15MPa, and then raising the pressure to 90MPa and compressing for 15s so as to further remove air hole defects in the blank;
step six, sintering heat treatment and tempering heat treatment: vacuum sintering the pressed compact at 1020-1080 ℃, performing primary aging at 900 ℃ and secondary aging at 500 ℃, and performing air cooling to obtain a sintered magnetic grinding tool semi-finished product;
step seven, wire electric discharge cutting and surface treatment: performing wire-cut electrical discharge machining on the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool, wherein the direction of a wire-moving path is perpendicular to the cold isostatic pressing direction, a cylindrical substrate is obtained, a plurality of axially arranged convex strips are uniformly distributed on the outer circular surface of the cylindrical substrate along the circumferential direction, the thickness of all the convex strips along the radial direction of the cylindrical substrate is equal, the thickness of the convex strips which are added with two times of the diameter of the cylindrical substrate is D1, the thickness of the D1 is smaller than the inner diameter of an elongated pipe to be machined by 1mm, and the ratio of the width of the convex strips to the D1 is 1:8;
Step eight, preprocessing a semi-finished magnetic grinding tool substrate and preparing CBN abrasive particles: polishing and removing the surface molten layer and the microprotrusion part of the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool treated in the seventh step by using sand paper, performing weak acid activation treatment after ultrasonic cleaning, and finally placing the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool in a plating bath after washing; in the preparation step of the CBN abrasive particles, the CBN abrasive particles with the particle size of 80-120 meshes are firstly selected, then the CBN abrasive particles are put into acetone solution, ultrasonic cleaning is adopted, and then 50% HNO is put 3 +50%H 2 SO 4 Boiling in the mixed solution of (2), and finally washing with water;
step nine, sanding and electroplating: pre-plating a layer of nickel on the outer surface of the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool treated in the step eight, wherein the thickness of the nickel layer (2) is 0.015-0.020mm; then, the CBN abrasive particles are implanted on the nickel layer (2) through a sand burying method, and then the nickel layer (2) is continuously thickened to 0.04-0.05mm, so that an abrasive layer (3) consisting of the nickel layer (2) and the CBN abrasive particles is formed on the outer surface of the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool from inside to outside;
step ten, magnetizing: and D, magnetizing the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool treated in the step nine to finally obtain a finished product of the magnetic grinding tool.
2. The process for preparing a magnetic grinding tool according to claim 1, wherein the neodymium-iron-boron alloy powder in the first step comprises the following steps of adding, by mass, 32% of Nd powder, 64% of Fe powder, 1% of B powder, 0.1-0.6% of Tb powder, 0.6-1.2% of Dy powder, 1.2% of Co powder, 0.3-0.5% of Al powder and 0.05-0.15% of Cu powder, mixing the powder components in a mixer for 2 hours, and filling argon gas for protection in the mixing process; in the second step, the smelting temperature is set to 1045+/-5 ℃ and the smelting time is set to 30min.
3. The process for producing a magnetic grinding tool according to claim 2, wherein in the fifth step, the orientation pressing is performed by placing the mixed powder into a pulsed magnetic field forming machine.
4. The process for preparing a magnetic grinding tool according to claim 3, wherein the magnetizing step in step ten is that the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool processed in step nine is placed in magnetizing equipment, pre-magnetizing treatment is carried out on the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool, magnetizing is carried out for 5s under the magnetic field intensity of 0.5T, the magnetic moments of the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool are arranged towards the same direction, the magnetizing direction is radial, and the magnetizing mode is pulse magnetizing; then the intensity of the magnetic field is increased to 1.5T, and the magnetizing time is 5s, so that the magnetic moments inside the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool are gradually arranged towards the same direction until the required magnetic performance is achieved; and finally, performing stabilization treatment on the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool, and keeping the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool for 5s under a magnetic field of 0.5T so as to ensure the stability of the magnetic performance of the semi-finished product of the magnetic grinding tool.
5. An elongated in-tube polishing device based on a magnetic grinder, characterized by comprising a magnetic grinder obtained by the process for preparing a magnetic grinder according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the magnetic grinder being located inside an elongated tube for polishing an inner surface of the elongated tube; further comprising a feed assembly and a polishing assembly;
The feeding assembly comprises a base (4), a ball screw pair (9), a first stepping motor (10), a polishing movable support (6), a first fixed support and a second fixed support, wherein the first fixed support and the second fixed support are respectively and fixedly connected to the front end and the rear end of the base (4), two sliding rails (5) which are arranged along the front and the rear directions of the base (4) are arranged on the base (4) between the first fixed support and the second fixed support, a first supporting plate (11) and a third supporting plate (15) which are perpendicular to the sliding rails (5) are respectively and fixedly connected to the first fixed support and the second fixed support, a screw rod of the ball screw pair (9) is parallel to the sliding rails (5), two ends of the screw rod of the ball screw pair (9) are respectively and rotatably connected with the first supporting plate (11) and the third supporting plate (15), the polishing movable support (6) is positioned between the two fixed supports and is in sliding fit with the sliding rails (5), a sliding nut (8) of the ball screw pair (9) is fixedly connected to the polishing movable support (6), and the ball screw (9) is connected to the ball screw rod of the first stepping motor (10) for driving rotation;
the polishing assembly comprises an inner gear ring (17), an outer gear ring (16), a second supporting plate (14), a spoke type straight-tooth cylindrical gear (25), a sun gear (21), a plurality of planetary gears (18) and a second stepping motor (27), wherein the sun gear (21), the planetary gears (18) and the second stepping motor are meshed, the second supporting plate (14) is perpendicular to a screw rod and fixedly connected with a polishing movable support (6), the sun gear (21) and the plurality of planetary gears (18) are respectively installed on the front side wall of the second supporting plate (14) through nylon hollow shafts (19), the nylon hollow shafts (19) penetrate through the second supporting plate (14), and the axial rear end face of the nylon hollow shafts (19) is coplanar with the rear side wall of the second supporting plate (14) and fixed in a cementing mode, and limiting shaft shoulders are arranged at the positions, where the nylon hollow shafts (19) are attached to the front side walls of the second supporting plate (14). The sun gear (21) and the plurality of planet gears (18) are positioned on the inner side of the annular gear (17), the annular gear (17) is meshed with all the planet gears (18), the inner ring of the outer ring gear (16) is fixedly attached to the outer ring of the annular gear (17), the spoke type straight-tooth cylindrical gear (25) is mounted on the front side wall of the second supporting plate (14), the second stepping motor (27) is positioned on the rear side wall of the second supporting plate (14), the output shaft of the second stepping motor (27) is in transmission connection with the spoke type straight-tooth cylindrical gear (25), the spoke type straight-tooth cylindrical gear (25) is meshed with the outer ring gear (16), and the second supporting plate (14) is also connected with a gear box cover (13) for covering all gears; the sun gear (21) and the planetary gear (18) have the same structure and comprise magnetic conducting rings (23) and two external magnetic poles (20) with opposite magnetic poles, which are symmetrically arranged along the radial direction of the nylon hollow shaft (19); an electromagnetic clamping device connected to the rear side wall of the second supporting plate (14) is arranged at the rear port of each nylon hollow shaft (19), and comprises two clamping blocks which are respectively positioned at the left side and the right side of the nylon hollow shafts (19) and are used for clamping the to-be-polished slender tube (12);
The first support plate (11) and the third support plate (15) are respectively provided with a plurality of through holes which are equal to the nylon hollow shafts (19) in number and horizontally correspond to the nylon hollow shafts in position, the first support plate (11) is fixedly connected with a head end limit sensor (35), and the third support plate (15) is fixedly connected with a tail end limit sensor (33); the polishing assembly further comprises a cutting fluid container (36), a termination sensor (34) and a central processing unit, wherein the termination sensor (34) is fixed to the tail of the slender tube (12) to be polished, the cutting fluid container (36) is connected with a valve plate (38) through a hose (37), the valve plate (38) is connected to the head end of the slender tube (12) to be polished, and the termination sensor (34), the head end limit sensor (35), the tail end limit sensor (33), the first stepping motor (10), the second stepping motor (27) and the electromagnetic clamping device are all electrically connected with the central processing unit.
6. The slender tube polishing device based on the magnetic grinding tool according to claim 5, wherein the sun gear (21) and the planetary gear (18) are divided into three layers from outside to inside, namely a nylon outer ring (22), a magnetic conducting ring (23) and a nylon inner ring (24), the three layers are fixed in a cementing mode, straight teeth are uniformly arranged on the periphery of the nylon outer ring (22), a mounting hole is formed in the center of the nylon inner ring (24) and is coaxially mounted with the nylon hollow shaft (19), two through grooves for embedding an outer magnetic pole (20) are symmetrically machined on the nylon inner ring (24) along 180 degrees, the outer end of the outer magnetic pole (20) is connected with the magnetic conducting ring (23), and the inner end of the outer magnetic pole is attached to the nylon hollow shaft (19).
7. The slender tube polishing device based on the magnetic grinding tool according to claim 5, characterized in that the clamping block in the electromagnetic clamping device comprises a fixed block (31), a locking block (28), a rubber cushion block (30), a winding element (29) and a reset compression spring (32), the fixed block (31) is fixedly connected with the second supporting plate (14), a horizontal sliding groove is formed in the fixed block (31), a baffle integrally formed with the fixed block (31) is arranged at the end, close to a nylon hollow shaft (19), of the horizontal sliding groove, a mounting boss is arranged on the baffle, a limit slider matched with the horizontal sliding groove is integrally formed at the bottom of the locking block (28), a mounting cavity for fixing a winding element (29) is formed in the locking block (28), the rubber cushion block (30) is fixedly connected to the end, close to the nylon hollow shaft (19), a coil with a certain number of turns is wound on the winding element (29), and a baffle integrally formed on the end, close to the nylon hollow shaft (12) to the nylon hollow shaft; the winding elements (29) of the two clamping blocks in the same electromagnetic clamping device are connected with currents in different directions for generating different magnetic poles so as to clamp the slender tube (12) to be polished.
8. The polishing device in the slender tube based on the magnetic grinding tool according to claim 5, wherein the bottom of the polishing movable support (6) is fixedly connected with a sliding piece (7) matched with the sliding rail (5), and the sliding piece (7) can move along the length direction of the sliding rail (5) under the limiting effect.
9. The elongated in-tube polishing apparatus based on magnetic grinder according to claim 5, wherein the ratio of the number of teeth of the spoke-type spur gear (25) to the number of teeth of the outer gear (16) is 1:3, and the ratio of the number of teeth of the sun gear (21) to the number of teeth of the planetary gear (18) is 1:1.
10. The elongated in-tube polishing apparatus based on a magnetic grinder according to claim 5, wherein the number of the planetary gears (18) is four and is uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the sun gear (21).
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