CN116742362B - Broadband high-power capacity dual-polarized antenna array - Google Patents
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- CN116742362B CN116742362B CN202311032110.1A CN202311032110A CN116742362B CN 116742362 B CN116742362 B CN 116742362B CN 202311032110 A CN202311032110 A CN 202311032110A CN 116742362 B CN116742362 B CN 116742362B
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
- H01Q5/55—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation for horn or waveguide antennas
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The application discloses a broadband high-power capacity dual-polarized antenna array, which comprises a plurality of rows of antenna groups, wherein the antenna groups in adjacent rows are alternately arranged to form a two-dimensional array, each antenna group comprises a first antenna group and a second antenna group, each of the first antenna group and the second antenna group comprises a plurality of antenna units, the openings of the antenna units are upward, and the main body part of each antenna unit is inserted into the antenna array; the waveguide opening of each antenna unit of the first antenna group extends along a first straight line, the whole first antenna group extends along a third straight line, and the included angle between the first straight line and the third straight line is 45 degrees; the waveguide opening long edge of each antenna unit of the second antenna group extends along a second straight line, and the whole second antenna group extends along a third straight line; the included angle between the second straight line and the third straight line is 45 degrees, and the first straight line and the second straight line are mutually perpendicular; the application has the advantages of broadband, miniaturization, high power capacity, dual polarization and realization of dual polarization scanning, and can meet the requirement of K-band work.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a broadband high-power capacity dual-polarized antenna array.
Background
In the fields of EMC, electromagnetic detection, interference resistance and the like, the requirements of wide bandwidth, large power capacity, high antenna efficiency and dual-polarization operation are provided for an antenna array. Especially in the K wave band, because the loss of coaxial line transmission line is great, usually use the open waveguide antenna based on rectangular waveguide to constitute the antenna array, open waveguide antenna has small, compact structure, mechanical strength is good, the reliability is high, power capacity is big characteristics, but antenna bore and rectangular waveguide's cut-off wavelength direct correlation, when requiring antenna dual polarization work, has certain design difficulty.
There are generally three types of conventional dual polarization implementations: the first implementation mode is that the dual-polarized antenna unit array is directly formed, and in the K wave band, the dual-polarized antenna feed design or the design of a broadband miniaturized orthogonal mode coupler without grating lobes in the array is difficult to realize; the second implementation mode is that two single-pole units are orthogonally distributed, and one set of power amplification modules are switched through a waveguide switch or two sets of power amplification are respectively fed, wherein the former introduces additional cost and waveguide switch loss, and the latter requires two sets of power amplification modules, so that the cost is greatly increased; the third implementation mode is that the monopole antenna array realizes dual polarization through mechanical rotation, but the mode is difficult to realize when facing to a large array application scene.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to: aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the application provides a broadband high-power capacity dual-polarized antenna array with small energy loss, high heat conduction performance and high aperture utilization rate.
The technical scheme is as follows: a broadband high-power capacity dual-polarized antenna array comprises a plurality of rows of antenna groups, wherein the antenna groups of adjacent rows are alternately arranged to form a two-dimensional array, and the two-dimensional array comprises an X direction and a Y direction; the alternately arranged antenna groups comprise a first antenna group and a second antenna group, each of the first antenna group and the second antenna group comprises a plurality of antenna units, each of the antenna units adopts a rectangular open waveguide antenna, and the opening of each antenna unit is upwards, and the main body part of each antenna unit is inserted and arranged perpendicular to the X direction and the Y direction;
the waveguide opening length of each antenna unit of the first antenna group extends along a first linear direction, the whole first antenna group extends along a third linear direction, and an included angle between the first linear direction and the third linear direction is 45 degrees;
the waveguide opening length of each antenna unit of the second antenna group extends along a second linear direction, and the whole second antenna group also extends along a third linear direction; the included angle between the second linear direction and the third linear direction is 45 degrees, and the first linear direction and the second linear direction are mutually perpendicular.
Further, the antenna unit comprises a rectangular open waveguide antenna and a dielectric segment; the rectangular opening waveguide antenna comprises a radio frequency connector and a feed section, wherein a metal matching ladder is arranged in a waveguide cavity of the feed section, the central line of the metal matching ladder is overlapped with the central line of the waveguide cavity and is connected with the long edge of the inner wall of the waveguide, and a metal probe of the radio frequency connector is connected with the metal matching ladder; the medium section is inserted and embedded at the outlet end of the feed section, one end of the medium section is of a dovetail structure, and the middle part of the medium section is of a cuboid structure with the same inner diameter size as the feed section. Furthermore, the opening of the cuboid structure of the medium section extends out of the caliber surface and expands along the long side direction of the waveguide opening to form a boss.
Aiming at the K-band working requirement, the dovetail structure length of the medium segment is 1.48 lambda 0 The length of the middle part of the medium section is 1.48 lambda 0 The opening of the medium section extends out of the caliber surface by 0.07 lambda 0 Length and extend along the direction of the long side of the waveguide opening by 0.03lambda 0 . The distance between the metal matching terrace and the end face of the inner wall of the waveguide is 0.075 lambda 0 Width 0.3λ 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The metal matching bench comprises a first step, a second step and a third step which are sequentially connected, wherein the height of the first step is 0.15lambda 0 The second step height is 0.13 lambda 0 The third step height is 0.09 lambda 0 ，λ 0 Is the center frequency wavelength.
Further, the antenna also comprises a matching pin which is cylindrical and is arranged at the center of the square grid surrounded by the four adjacent antenna units and does not interfere with the opening surface of the antenna.
Aiming at the working requirement of K wave band, the radius of the matching pin is 0.14lambda 0 Height of 0.2λ 0 。
Preferably, adjacent two antenna elements share an outer wall.
Aiming at the K-band working requirement, the inner caliber of the antenna unit is 0.66 lambda 0 ×0.22λ 0 Length is greater than 5.18lambda 0 . On the plane of the antenna array, the geometric center-to-center distance between two adjacent antenna units is 0.51λ 0 。
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
1. the antenna array is compact in arrangement mode, caliber can be utilized to the greatest extent, and the whole product has the advantage of miniaturization and is convenient for integration application.
2. The input energy can be maximally utilized by forming dual polarized electromagnetic waves by means of spatial energy synthesis. Compared with a dual polarized antenna which is horizontally and vertically arranged, the energy loss and the system cost are obviously reduced.
3. The medium loading smooth transition waveguide equivalent impedance is adopted, the waveguide impedance and the free space impedance can be well matched through the transition of the medium section, the dual-polarized working mode with high power capacity can be realized, and the method is particularly suitable for the use under the condition that the space size of an antenna array is limited.
4. The dual-polarization scanning device has the advantages of broadband, high power capacity, dual polarization and capability of realizing dual-polarization scanning, and can meet the requirement of K-band operation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the application;
fig. 2 is a top view of the antenna array of fig. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a monopole antenna assembly of the present application implementing horizontal polarization and vertical polarization;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 5 is a top view of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of the media segment of FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of the E-plane and H-plane of the upper side of a 10×10 antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of the E-plane and H-plane directions of the intermediate frequency of a 10×10 antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 9 is a diagram of the E-plane and H-plane of the lower side frequency of a 10×10 antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application.
Description of the embodiments
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the application will be readily understood, a more particular description of the application will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. The present application may be embodied in many other forms than described herein and similarly modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the application, whereby the application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
In the description of the present application, it should be understood that terms such as "center," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like, when used in terms of orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present application and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, if any, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, the terms "plurality" and "a plurality" if any, mean at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present application, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly. For example, the two parts can be fixedly connected, detachably connected or integrated; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the meaning of a first feature being "on" or "off" a second feature, and the like, is that the first and second features are either in direct contact or in indirect contact through an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
It will be understood that if an element is referred to as being "fixed" or "disposed" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. If an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like as used herein, if any, are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent a unique embodiment.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a broadband high-power capacity dual polarized antenna array includes a plurality of rows of alternately arranged antenna groups, and the antenna groups are divided into a first antenna group a and a second antenna group B according to different antenna arrangement angles.
The first antenna group A comprises a plurality of antenna units, each antenna unit adopts a rectangular open waveguide antenna 1, the rectangular open waveguide antenna 1 is of a cuboid structure, a waveguide cavity is arranged in the middle, the opening of the waveguide cavity is upward, and the main body part of the rectangular open waveguide antenna 1 is embedded in the antenna array along the direction vertical to the paper surface. The long side of the waveguide is defined as the side with longer side length of the rectangular waveguide opening, and the short side of the waveguide is defined as the side with shorter side length of the rectangular waveguide opening. The waveguide lengths of the antenna units of the first antenna group A are obliquely arranged along a first straight line direction, adjacent antennas of the same group are parallel to each other, the whole first antenna group A extends along a vertical direction (namely, the y direction), namely, a plurality of antenna units obliquely arranged to the left extend and are distributed along the vertical direction to form the first antenna group A, and an included angle between the first straight line direction and the vertical direction is 45 degrees.
The second antenna group B is also constituted by a plurality of antenna elements, and each antenna element has a rectangular parallelepiped structure. The waveguide length of each antenna unit of the second antenna group B is obliquely arranged along a second straight line direction, adjacent antennas of the same group are parallel to each other, the whole second antenna group B extends along the vertical direction, namely a plurality of antenna units obliquely arranged right extend along the vertical direction to form the second antenna group B, an included angle between the second straight line direction and the vertical direction is 45 degrees, and an included angle between the first straight line direction and the second straight line direction is 90 degrees.
The antenna array is formed by orthogonal arrangement of two antenna units in different directions, and horizontal polarization and vertical polarization are respectively realized through equal-amplitude in-phase feeding and equal-amplitude opposite-phase feeding, and the working principle of the antenna array is shown in figure 3. The two antenna units are respectively and vertically arranged according to angles of oblique-45 degrees and oblique +45 degrees by taking vertical lines as references, and the single-polarized antenna units form a pair of single-polarized antenna groups (namely a dual-polarized unit); the two antenna units respectively correspond to one port feed, vertical polarization is realized when the two units are in phase, horizontal polarization is realized when the two units are in phase opposition (one antenna is unchanged in phase, and the other antenna is shifted by 180 degrees), and therefore the working modes of horizontal polarization and vertical polarization are completed. On the basis of the dual-polarized working mode, due to the smaller size, dual-polarized scanning can be further realized, namely, about 10 degrees of scanning is realized, and grating lobes do not appear.
Compared with the common antenna, the dual-polarized antenna has the advantages that the overall performance of the dual-polarized antenna can be ensured by arranging twice the number of the antennas under the same area, and therefore, the requirement on the antenna spacing is required. In the embodiment shown in fig. 1 and 2, each antenna in the second antenna group B is directed to the antenna center of the first antenna group a, so as to achieve the most compact array distribution. The outer walls of the antenna elements are metal walls, and preferably, two adjacent antenna elements share one outer wall.
The antenna unit of the present application, which is shown in fig. 4-6 as a structure under different viewing angles, comprises a rectangular open waveguide antenna 1 and a dielectric segment 2 filled in the rectangular open waveguide antenna 1. Specifically, the rectangular open waveguide antenna 1 includes a radio frequency connector 11 and a feed section 12, a metal matching ladder table 121 is disposed in a waveguide cavity of the feed section 12, and a center line of the metal matching ladder table 121 is overlapped with a center line of the waveguide cavity and connected with a long side of an inner wall of the waveguide. The metal probes of the rf connector 11 are connected to a metal matching landing 121. The outlet end of the feed section 12 is provided with a dielectric section 2, the dielectric section 2 is a solid dielectric plate, the dielectric section 2 is wholly wrapped by the outer wall of the antenna after being embedded into the tail end of the feed section 12, the opening of the feed section 12 is flush with the end of the dielectric section 2, in fig. 1, the reference numeral 1 refers to the position of the antenna unit (namely, the position of the rectangular open waveguide antenna), and the reference numeral 2 refers to the end face of the dielectric section 2. Further, the medium section 2 is of a dovetail structure formed by cutting off a triangular structure on the inward side, the middle part of the medium section 2 is of a cuboid structure with the same inner diameter size as the feeding section 12, the right end of the cuboid structure extends out of the caliber surface and extends along the long side direction of the waveguide opening to form a boss to serve as a clamping piece, and the medium section 2 is fixed in a gluing mode.
Under the condition that space size allows, the prior art generally expands the opening surface of the waveguide opening antenna outwards to form a pyramid horn antenna so as to obtain good impedance matching transition, but under the condition of a compactly arranged antenna array, no space is provided for the caliber of the waveguide opening antenna to expand outwards, and in order to smooth transition waveguide equivalent impedance, the application changes the impedance at the opening surface of the waveguide antenna by loading a medium, and the waveguide opening antenna and the free space can be well matched through verification.
Furthermore, in order to improve the active standing wave of the antenna unit, cylindrical matching pins 3 can be added, and the position of each matching pin 3 is the center of a space square surrounded by four adjacent antenna units and does not interfere with the antenna port surface; the number of the matching pins 3 is determined by the array surface scale, the number of the matching pins is slightly more than that of the monopole antenna units, the matching pins 3 and the medium act together, the waveguide opening antenna can be better matched with the free space, and the processing mode is a solid structural member.
Based on the above, an antenna array working in K-band 18-26.5GHz is designed, and the center frequency wavelength lambda 0 =13.5mm。
The antenna array is formed by a plurality of rows of antenna groups which are obliquely and orthogonally arranged at 45 degrees, and the rectangular open-ended waveguide antenna 1 comprises a radio frequency connector 11 and a feed section 12; the medium section 2 is filled at the outlet of the feeding section 12 and can be fixed on the inner wall of the open waveguide through clamping and gluing; the antenna array is added with a plurality of antenna arrays with radius of 0.14lambda 0 A height of 0.2lambda 0 Is matched with the pin 3; on the plane of antenna distribution, two adjacent antenna units share an outer wall, the outer wall adopts a metal wall, and the geometric center distance of the antenna units is 0.51lambda 0 The inner caliber is 0.66 lambda 0 ×0.22λ 0 The length is greater than 5.18λ 0 . Alternatively, for the K-band working requirement, the dielectric segment 2 can be a dielectric plate with a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a thickness of 3 mm.
The first step end of the metal matching step 121 is 0.075 lambda from the waveguide inner wall end face 0 Width 0.3λ 0 The first step height is 0.15λ 0 The second step height is 0.13 lambda 0 The third step has a height of 0.09 lambda 0 . The 2 ports of the medium section extend outwards from the mouth surface by 0.07 lambda 0 Length and extend along the long side direction by 0.03 lambda 0 As a buckle fixing structure, the inner diameter of the middle part is the same as that of the open waveguide, and the length is 1.48 lambda 0 Dovetail structure length of 1.48 lambda 0 。
The E-plane and H-plane patterns of the upper, intermediate and lower side frequencies of the antenna array are shown in fig. 7-9, respectively.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concept and features of the present application, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present application and to implement the same according to the present application, not to limit the scope of the present application. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the present application, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the application.
Claims (9)
1. The broadband high-power capacity dual-polarized antenna array is characterized by comprising a plurality of rows of antenna groups, wherein the antenna groups in adjacent rows are alternately arranged to form a two-dimensional array, and the two-dimensional array comprises an X direction and a Y direction; the alternately arranged antenna groups comprise a first antenna group and a second antenna group, each of the first antenna group and the second antenna group comprises a plurality of antenna units, each of the antenna units adopts a rectangular open waveguide antenna, and the opening of each antenna unit is upwards, and the main body part of each antenna unit is inserted and arranged perpendicular to the X direction and the Y direction;
the waveguide opening length of each antenna unit of the first antenna group extends along a first linear direction, the whole first antenna group extends along a third linear direction, and an included angle between the first linear direction and the third linear direction is 45 degrees;
the waveguide opening length of each antenna unit of the second antenna group extends along a second linear direction, and the whole second antenna group also extends along a third linear direction; the included angle between the second linear direction and the third linear direction is 45 degrees, and the first linear direction and the second linear direction are mutually perpendicular;
the antenna unit comprises a rectangular open waveguide antenna (1) and a dielectric segment (2); the rectangular opening waveguide antenna (1) comprises a radio frequency connector (11) and a feed section (12), wherein a metal matching ladder (121) is arranged in a waveguide cavity of the feed section (12), the central line of the metal matching ladder (121) is overlapped with the central line of the waveguide cavity and is connected with the long edge of the inner wall of the waveguide, and a metal probe of the radio frequency connector (11) is connected with the metal matching ladder (121); the medium section (2) is inserted into the outlet end of the feeding section (12), one end of the medium section (2) is of a dovetail structure, and the middle part of the medium section (2) is of a cuboid structure with the same inner diameter size as the feeding section (12).
2. The broadband high-power capacity dual polarized antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the opening of the rectangular structure of the dielectric segment (2) extends out of the aperture plane and expands along the long side direction of the waveguide opening to form a boss.
3. A broadband high power capacity dual polarized antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that the dovetail structural length of the dielectric segment (2) is 1.48 λ 0 The medium section (2) has a middle part length of 1.48 lambda 0 The opening of the medium section (2) extends out of the caliber surface by 0.07 lambda 0 Length and extend along the direction of the long side of the waveguide opening by 0.03lambda 0 ，λ 0 Is the center frequency wavelength.
4. The broadband high-power capacity dual polarized antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the metal matching landing (121) is spaced from the inner wall end face of the waveguide by 0.075 λ 0 Width 0.3λ 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The metal matching stair platform (121) comprises a first step, a second step and a third step which are sequentially connected, wherein the height of the first step is 0.15lambda 0 The second step height is 0.13 lambda 0 The third step height is 0.09 lambda 0 ，λ 0 Is the center frequency wavelength.
5. The broadband high-power capacity dual polarized antenna array according to claim 1, comprising a matching pin (3), wherein the matching pin (3) is cylindrical, is arranged at the center of a square grid surrounded by four adjacent antenna units, and does not interfere with an antenna port surface.
6. A broadband high power capacity dual polarized antenna array according to claim 5, characterized in that the matching pin (3) has a radius of 0.14λ 0 Height of 0.2λ 0 ，λ 0 Is the center frequency wavelength.
7. The broadband high power capacity dual polarized antenna array according to claim 1, wherein adjacent two antenna elements share an outer wall.
8. The broadband high-power capacity dual polarized antenna array according to claim 7The array is characterized in that the inner caliber of the antenna unit is 0.66 lambda 0 ×0.22λ 0 Length is greater than 5.18lambda 0 ，λ 0 Is the center frequency wavelength.
9. The broadband high-power capacity dual polarized antenna array according to claim 7, wherein the geometric center-to-center spacing of two adjacent antenna elements is 0.51λ in the antenna array plane 0 ，λ 0 Is the center frequency wavelength.
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| CN113193378A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-07-30 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Ka full-band broadband circularly polarized antenna and array thereof |
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