CN1167399C - Multifunctional equipment for supporting patient with burn - Google Patents
Multifunctional equipment for supporting patient with burn Download PDFInfo
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- CN1167399C CN1167399C CNB991080270A CN99108027A CN1167399C CN 1167399 C CN1167399 C CN 1167399C CN B991080270 A CNB991080270 A CN B991080270A CN 99108027 A CN99108027 A CN 99108027A CN 1167399 C CN1167399 C CN 1167399C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a multifunctional turning over device which comprises a controller, a driving mechanism, a lifting frame, a suspension cope group, a suspension net group, a weight suspension fitting part and a vibrator. The controller is used for setting the running time, the running speed and the reversing stay time of the multifunctional turning over device and for regulating the high and lower positions of the lifting frame. The displacement of the driving mechanism is used, at the same time, one side of the suspension cope group which is tied to the driving mechanism is tensioned, and the other side of the suspension cope group is loosened to pull suspension net laid on a sickbed, which enables the suspension net to be lifted up or fallen down. Thus, a patient who lies on the suspension net can be driven to turn over along with the suspension net, and the patient can turn over left and right and positioned in a side body state. The driving mechanism can also be additionally provided with the vibrator to pull the other group of suspension copes with high frequency, which enables the suspension net to generate dithering action.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to a kind of multifunctional equipment for supporting patient with burn that stands up and take exercise usefulness for the bed patient.
[background technology]
In the age of marching toward the aging of population, prolonged illness such as many apoplexy or paralysis lie on a bed for a long time for want of to stand up at personage's health of bed and cause living decubital ulcer, or the shortage activity dedicate one's life to heart is dispirited, must rely on the nurse personnel to take care of for a long time, or the help of dependence automatic machinery is stood up the problem of clapping the back of the body and extremity rehabilitation to solve it.The habit formula has the sick bed of the function of standing up, mostly be that the both sides inclination bed surface of the fluctuating patient's body that overturns drives about driving with electro-motor or oil gear, in the process of standing up, because of the inclination bed surface still with patient be close to airtight, so its effect that prevents decubital ulcer is limited, tuning bed again complex structure, cost an arm and a leg, real non-general patient can afford, and only can be suitable for for indivedual sick beds on the structural design, can not motor-drivenly be shifted, can't meet the demand of many uses of existing convalescence center.
The flat 6-209970A of TOHKEMY of Japan discloses a kind of nursing elevator, can make by part or all untrammeled lifting of care-giver's health or becomes desirable state.This nursing elevator is that portion is provided with the leading truck that direction is to the left and right extended on one's sick bed, movably locomotive is set on leading truck, but locomotive suspends the halliard that independence and freedom is rolled comfortablely, emitted downwards in midair, a mesh bag is hung in the halliard lower end, halliard is arranged to can roll individually or simultaneously, put down, also be provided with the drive source of locomotive and halliard, and the control device of drive source.But the said apparatus structure is too complicated.
[summary of the invention]
The present invention's main purpose is to provide a kind of multifunctional equipment for supporting patient with burn, can motor-driven displacement for many uses, and have concurrently stand up, multiple function such as rehabilitation, lift heavy, movable back.
The present invention's secondary objective is to provide a kind of multifunctional equipment for supporting patient with burn, has two different type of machines of loading type and lightweight, uses for you to choose.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of multifunctional equipment for supporting patient with burn, comprise a crane, establish a driving mechanism on it, this driving mechanism is by a controller, one motor, one change speed gear box, one driven group of institute forms, its middle controller instruction motor directly turns driven group after change speed gear box slows down, the terminal on these driven group of both sides respectively is to have the lifting rope group to hook to connect cat net, dynamically displacement by crane height location and driving mechanism, can affect lifting rope to draw high, lower, adjust the crane height by driven group lift heavy hook and lift heavy band, it is characterized in that: the vibrator high frequency by the driving mechanism below draws to be put lifting rope and makes cat net produce the shake effect, and place, the right position of driven group of relative travel is provided with a left side, in, right three position-sensing switches.
Described multifunctional equipment for supporting patient with burn, it is characterized in that: this driven group is linear transmission, include a screw rod that is connected with in change speed gear box, tool one swivel nut is to fix a displacement axle that intersects vertically on this screw rod, this displacement axle is exposed at the outer both sides of driving mechanism with all vertical the passing of pulley yoke of front and back, and the axle head both sides are tied up for two lifting rope groups system and are pulled to the pulley yoke side, and the pulley that passes the pulley yoke two ends respectively hangs down to four corners, force displacement axle left and right sidesing shifting by rotating screw bolt.
Described multifunctional equipment for supporting patient with burn, it is characterized in that: driven group is around the property transmission, comprise that one is connected with promotion one push rod before and after the screw rod of change speed gear box rotating shaft makes with the swivel nut that drives its front end, this push rod root is connected with one around axle, should vertically pass the driving mechanism both sides around the axle two ends, and every limit axle head is provided with a horizontal distaff, establishes lifting hole(eyelet) on the arm of distaff two ends and hangs to hook cat net for the lifting rope group.
Described multifunctional equipment for supporting patient with burn is characterized in that: driven group for around the property transmission, is to rotate a standing screw to make before and after the swivel nut displacement and drive push rod and drive around axle and turn round via crank.
Described multifunctional equipment for supporting patient with burn is characterized in that: driven group is around the property transmission, is directly to turn around axle after change speed gear box slows down with the controller instruction motor.
Described multifunctional equipment for supporting patient with burn is characterized in that: driven group is around the property transmission, is to slow down after turned around axle by the driving chain group through change speed gear box with the controller instruction motor.
Described multifunctional equipment for supporting patient with burn, it is characterized in that: controller is the convert stroke of driven group of displacement of the length by the micro computer regulation and control motor running time, and make when whenever moving to the centre inductive switch, be the auto zero reclocking, with positioning function that replaces left and right position-sensing switch and the running distance of adjusting left and right displacement.
Multifunctional equipment for supporting patient with burn of the present invention, mainly comprise a crane, establish a driving mechanism on it, this driving mechanism is made up of a controller, a motor, a change speed gear box, one driven group and a vibrator that can add, wherein driven group both sides terminal respectively is provided with the lifting rope group, and place, the right position of relative travel is provided with position-sensing switch, cause when driving that the lifting rope group is drawn on can doing on one side and the limit action relatively of transferring in addition, the end of this lifting rope is provided with hook, so that cat net exercises patient to stand up or the usefulness of rehabilitation as hooking indirectly; Driven group of wherein loading type equipment for supporting patient with burn is linear start, include a screw rod that is connected with in change speed gear box, tool one swivel nut is to fix a displacement axle that intersects vertically on the bar, this axle is exposed at the driving mechanism both sides with all vertical the passing of pulley yoke of front and back, and the both sides, the left and right sides of two axial ends is tied up for two lifting ropes system and is pulled to two sides, respectively the pulley support by the pulley two ends hangs down to four corners, and between among the displacement axle stroke and both sides, the left and right sides is provided with position-sensing switch respectively, for its middle limit that playbacks and control two side's walkings; Another kind of lightweight equipment for supporting patient with burn is around the property start for its driven group, comprise that one is connected with displacement promotion one push rod before and after the swivel nut of change speed gear box makes with the screw rod (or rotating screw bolt driving swivel nut) that drives its front end, this push rod root is connected with one around axle, should vertically pass around the axle two ends and be exposed at the driving mechanism both sides, and the both sides axle head respectively is provided with horizontal distaff, lifting hole(eyelet) is respectively established for the lifting rope suspension in both sides on this distaff arm, and be provided with respectively on every side in swaying, in, following position-sensing switch, and touch with bead rotation set in the para-position of axle phase, in playback in the middle of being made for and control, the limit of following walking; Establish a vibrator again draws with high frequency and puts another group lifting rope and make cat net produce the shake effect in driving mechanism below; By the dynamically displacement of above-mentioned driving mechanism, see through the lifting rope group and affect the cat net that is layed in sick bed in advance to draw high to lower, can drive the patient that lies on the cat net with the cat net upset and the location of standing up about energy or lean to one side; Or hitch patient's trick by the lifting rope group and repeatedly draw high and lower, but rehabilitation patient extremity increase its mobility; Or prevent that by the movable patients back of the cat net of shake decubital ulcer from taking place.
This device and the auxilliary accessory of selecting for use that gives demand are used in the guidance that sees through medical practitioner on the practice again, adjust extremely suitably height of crane, have established the lifting rope group in suitable length, turn round through simple operations; Can reach following effect:
1, before patient lies on a bed, bed surface is laid good, the good cat net of changing clothes of breathability of flexibility that a long and shoulder is connected to the wide horizontal lid bed surface of buttocks in advance, each (serves as to cooperate the sick bed backrest with the Zhe plate for crimple place, cat net both sides, flat direction is bent) pass through fixing, the interval of Zhe plate centre, leave lifting rope clasp joint hole, utilize lifting rope to hook strip, when lifting rope affects with little radian (health can oneself just return), upset patient body or lean to one side the location and make the back side ventilative to reduce living decubital ulcer and the body movement chance is provided can repeat to change sides.
2, after the lifting rope group changed extension suspension rod accessory, patient lied on a bed and catches suspension rod, or hitches the foot knee joint, lowers when lifting rope affects suspension rod also to draw high up and down thereupon, can help rehabilitation patient's arm or foot knee joint by repeating motion.
3, the lifting rope group changes and hangs the holder accessory, can need need to raise for a long time the purposes that sufferer that limbs maintain static is done the traction location for fracture.
4, personnel slight of figure nurse the huge patient of body, cleaning back or changing babies' napkin, the thing of a difficulty is utilized equipment for supporting patient with burn often, manually turns over to the location of leaning to one side, standing up the nurse personnel that can help for twice (stands up and cleans buttocks once earlier after unclamping cat net for patient cleans back or changing babies' napkin for the first time, dirty diaper is taken away, and the new diaper that will be converted into half spread into, change sides to stand up for the second time and pave another half new diaper, clean buttocks more once, health returns just to be pasted new diaper and can finish).
5, the controller of this device is a micro computer automatization fixed cycle operator, when the duration of runs that configures reservation, running speed after leaning to one side to locate the time of staying, does not need manpower to look after on the side, patient body automatically can overturn, up to regularly removing, return bed flat position and stop automatically, the music bell ring rises, remind the nurse personnel, pass equipment for supporting patient with burn and change the bed operation.
6, use the self-timing control of this device, when two groups of lifting ropes are strained cat net simultaneously, can set whenever to stand up and promptly intert shake cat net several seconds several times, or stand up, shake speed governing out of the ordinary and regularly turn round, stand up effect ventilative and the activity patients back to take into account.
7, the vibrator by this device drives suspender belt with its high dither, can make patient reach the effect of motion head or extremity when entangling patient head or trick and the demand speed of adjustment.
8, for the patient that considers different weight with take the simplification of use into account, so the design of loading type, two kinds of equipment for supporting patient with burn of lightweight is arranged, but application lift heavy hook double as crane boom is sling patient unsettled conveniently to move, to clear up the usefulness of sick bed.
Form and start principle etc. for the structure that further specifies the present invention, lift preferred embodiment of the present invention now, and cooperate graphic being described in detail as follows:
[description of drawings]
Fig. 1 is the schematic perspective view of loading type equipment for supporting patient with burn of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the three-face view of linear driving mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic perspective view of lightweight equipment for supporting patient with burn of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the four sides view of the present invention around the property driving mechanism.
Fig. 5 is the schematic side view of crane of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the clinical implementation sketch map of loading type equipment for supporting patient with burn of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the clinical implementation sketch map of lightweight equipment for supporting patient with burn of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is an electric wiring control figure of the present invention.
[specific embodiment]
As shown in Figure 1, multifunctional equipment for supporting patient with burn for loading type of the present invention, its driving mechanism 1 is the top that is installed on crane 3, respectively there is the Zhe plate 11 of sagging lifting rope group 7 hook joint cat nets 9 both sides in 12 4 corners of pulley yoke on it, when adjusting the crane height, can make lifting rope group 7 that suitable elasticity is arranged, and utilize the lift heavy of pulley yoke 12 to collude 5 and the lift heavy band, it is unsettled patient can be sling.
As shown in Figure 2, the driving mechanism 1 of loading type equipment for supporting patient with burn comprises by its linear driven group 19 of the transmission after change speed gear box 17 slows down of controller 13 control motors 15, this driven group 19 has a screw rod 20, tool one swivel nut 21 is to fix a displacement axle 23 that intersects vertically on the screw rod 20, this displacement axle 23 is exposed at driving mechanism 1 shell both sides with all vertical the passing of pulley yoke 12 of front and back, and the both sides, the left and right sides of two axial ends is to tie up to pull to two sides for two lifting rope groups 7, respectively hang down to four corners by pulley 27 supports at pulley yoke 12 two ends, or without the pulley 27 of pulley yoke 12, directly left and right sidesing shifting changes cat net 9 to collude, and place, displacement axle 23 stroke right positions establishes a left side, in, right three position- sensing switches 24,25,26, for its middle limit that playbacks and control two side's walkings.
As shown in Figure 3, be the lightweight equipment for supporting patient with burn, its driving mechanism 31 is installed on the top of crane 3, it is around distaff 37 each two the sagging lifting rope groups 7 on axle 35 both sides, hook 39 symmetries by distaff 37 articulate, can adjust the width that it articulates cat net 9, and utilize lift heavy in the distaff 37 to collude 5 and the lift heavy band, it is unsettled patient can be sling.
Shown in Fig. 4 A-D, the driving mechanism 31 of lightweight equipment for supporting patient with burn is directly or through 98 transmissions of chain group to turn one around axle 35 or promote one indirectly around driven group 48 of property by controller 41 control motors 45 through change speed gear box 47 back of slowing down, should be for driven group 48 to rotate a swivel nut 49 to drive a screw rod 51 (or rotating screw bolt driving swivel nut) forward-reverse around property, force the displacement of push rod 53 front and back, because of having sliding ditch 57 its accent of confession to move former can the drive around axle 35 in gap, link joint head 55 turns round in last, in, following three position- sensing switches 24,25, in 26 the range of activity, and then drive in the distaff 37 turning down and affect the lifting rope group to draw high to lower.
Shown in Fig. 4 E, 4F, the driving mechanism 31 of lightweight equipment for supporting patient with burn makes the displacement of swivel nut 49 front and back for controller 41 instruction motors 45 rotation one standing screw 51 after change speed gear box 47 slows down and sees through crank 100 driving push rods 53 and drives around axle 35 revolutions, the place, stroke right position of its swivel nut 49 establishes left, center, right three position- sensing switches 24,25,26, turns round in range of activity around axle 35 with control.
As shown in Figure 5, crane 3 is shifted up and down for public shell 65 packs into female shell 63; Drive change speed gear box 71 after slowing down by motor 69, rotate the screw rod 77 in the crane 3, force the outer swivel nut of screw rod 75 to be passed up and down, and then drive public shell 65 jackings or decline; Its understructure is that the crossbeam 79 that a longeron 81 links two scalable joints is the combination of Contraband type, and this longeron 81 is equipped with return pulley 83 with crossbeam 79 tail ends; In addition the driving mechanism 1 of loading type equipment for supporting patient with burn use that 87 on revolution ratchet 85 and interlocking screw can be that not time spent of 90 ° is pulled down harvesting with crane 3 or when using interlocking fix.
As shown in Figure 6, patient lies in before the sick bed 89, lays one on the bed surface in advance and can change clothes cat net 9, utilize lifting rope group 7 hook joint flaps 11, adjust crane 3 height again, make lifting rope group 7 be in suitable elasticity, to loosen the invalid size that affects the gap to decide to stand up radian; When depressing firing switch, then displacement axle 23 will be from middle position-sensing switch 25 toward moving to right, directly running into right qualifying bit switch 26 commutations moves to left, running into left qualifying bit switch 24 commutations again moves to right, up to regularly removing, automatically stop after returning interfix switch 25, the speed of displacement therebetween and commutation time out all can be set adjustment; Or can add a vibrator 91 in driving mechanism 1 below, by asymmetric eccentric 93 about the two ends, revolution axle center, drive clasp 95 quick rotary oscillations up and down, also high frequency draws and puts another lifting rope group 97 that is connected in clasp 95, drive the cat net 9 of lifting rope group 97 ends or suspender belt again with its high dither, and patient is reached stand up the effect of ventilative, movable back and motion extremity; Loading type equipment for supporting patient with burn can be to be used to support heavier load with manual adjustment and crane 3 synchronous altitude locking positionings in the auxiliary frame 99 of driving mechanism 1 terminal additional one a scalable joint in addition.
As shown in Figure 7, lightweight equipment for supporting patient with burn nationality distaff 37 angles of revolution affect lifting rope group 7 to draw high and lower, and then drive the patient lie on the sick bed 89 with cat net 9 upsets and stand up about energy, or can movable back with cat net 9 high dithers, the embodiment that it is clinical and Fig. 7 repeat no more in this together.
As shown in Figure 8, be the electric wiring control figure of this utility model equipment for supporting patient with burn, power supply also can be adopted the accumulator cell charging and discharging mode and supply, and it is to comprise that its circuit is formed:
S2: the manual selector switch b of console switch a is not subjected to the centre position limit switch when manual.
S1: on and off switch
U: right lateral switch relay
S3: left lateral limit switch
D: left lateral switch relay
S6: manual configuration switch (right lateral)
L: motor throw over relay
S8: right lateral limit switch
M: music bell relay
S11: manual configuration switch (left lateral)
TD: suspend relay
S12: adjusting microinching switch
TDA: time switch
S14: rate selection switch
The excitatory self-holding switch of L1:L
24,26,25: left and right, middle position-sensing switch
M1: motor main coil
M2: motor actuating coil
TDB: intermediate suspension
Can select automatic or manual during start:
1, manually control: console switch S2 cuts to M, press configuration switch S6 and select right lateral, or configuration switch S11 selects left lateral, and the selector switch S14 that regulates the speed again selects after institute's speed of wanting by adjusting microinching switch S 12, can make equipment for supporting patient with burn comply with required speed and direction and make adjusting microinching and be shifted.
2, control automatically: console switch S2 is cut to A, displacement axle 23 will be parked in the centre position automatically, switch its rate selection switch S14 setting speed, adjust and suspend electric post TD setting commutation time out, adjust time switch TDA and set movement time, then equipment for supporting patient with burn can be automatically from backhauling commentaries on classics between left lateral limit switch S3 and right lateral limit switch S8, up to regularly removing, automatic homing is in centre position switch S17, and displacement axle 23 will stop the centre position, and the music bell ring is risen.
3, controller also can be designed to by the micro computer length of regulation and control motor running time in addition, the distance of the driving mechanism that converts displacement, make auto zero reclocking when whenever moving to the centre inductive switch, with positioning function that replaces left and right proximity switch and the running distance of adjusting left and right sidesing shifting.
Moreover, before lying, the included patients of the present invention is laid on the cat net 9 of bed surface in advance, it is good with flexibility, the good material of changing clothes of breathability is made, crease place, cat net 9 both sides each pass through fixingly with flap 11, flap 11 intermediary intervals are left lifting rope group 7 ditches and connect hole 10 and can change patient to collude indirectly for the hook joint of lifting rope group 7; Another suspension rod group 14, but holding rod of generally grabbing or grommet for hands, its two ends and lifting rope group 7 are to connect, and patient is caught or entangle the foot knee joint to do rehabilitation; And can pass through a fracture fixing apparatus accessory, and combining with lifting rope group 7 can be for fracture traction location, and it is unsettled that one group of lift heavy accessory can be sling patient, one group of vibration movable patient head of suspender belt or extremity.
Above disclosed explanation and graphic is only for the present invention embodiment partly, when not limiting protection scope of the present invention with this.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of multifunctional equipment for supporting patient with burn, comprise a crane, establish a driving mechanism on it, this driving mechanism is by a controller, one motor, one change speed gear box, one driven group of institute forms, its middle controller instruction motor directly turns driven group after change speed gear box slows down, the terminal on these driven group of both sides respectively is to have the lifting rope group to hook to connect cat net, dynamically displacement by crane height location and driving mechanism, can affect lifting rope to draw high, lower, adjust the crane height by driven group lift heavy hook and lift heavy band, it is characterized in that: the vibrator high frequency by the driving mechanism below draws to be put lifting rope and makes cat net produce the shake effect, and place, the right position of driven group of relative travel is provided with a left side, in, right three position-sensing switches.
2, multifunctional equipment for supporting patient with burn as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: this driven group is linear transmission, include a screw rod that is connected with in change speed gear box, tool one swivel nut is to fix a displacement axle that intersects vertically on this screw rod, this displacement axle is exposed at the outer both sides of driving mechanism with all vertical the passing of pulley yoke of front and back, and the axle head both sides are tied up for two lifting rope groups system and are pulled to the pulley yoke side, and the pulley that passes the pulley yoke two ends respectively hangs down to four corners, force displacement axle left and right sidesing shifting by rotating screw bolt.
3, multifunctional equipment for supporting patient with burn as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: driven group is around the property transmission, comprise that one is connected with promotion one push rod before and after the screw rod of change speed gear box rotating shaft makes with the swivel nut that drives its front end, this push rod root is connected with one around axle, should vertically pass the driving mechanism both sides around the axle two ends, and every limit axle head is provided with a horizontal distaff, establishes lifting hole(eyelet) on the arm of distaff two ends and hangs to hook cat net for the lifting rope group.
4, multifunctional equipment for supporting patient with burn as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: driven group for around the property transmission, is to rotate a standing screw to make before and after the swivel nut displacement and drive push rod and drive around axle and turn round via crank.
5, multifunctional equipment for supporting patient with burn as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: driven group is around the property transmission, is directly to turn around axle after change speed gear box slows down with the controller instruction motor.
6, multifunctional equipment for supporting patient with burn as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: driven group is around the property transmission, is to slow down after turned around axle by the driving chain group through change speed gear box with the controller instruction motor.
7, multifunctional equipment for supporting patient with burn as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: controller is the convert stroke of driven group of displacement of the length by the micro computer regulation and control motor running time, and make when whenever moving to the centre inductive switch, be the auto zero reclocking, with positioning function that replaces left and right position-sensing switch and the running distance of adjusting left and right displacement.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CNB991080270A CN1167399C (en) | 1999-06-08 | 1999-06-08 | Multifunctional equipment for supporting patient with burn |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CNB991080270A CN1167399C (en) | 1999-06-08 | 1999-06-08 | Multifunctional equipment for supporting patient with burn |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1276199A CN1276199A (en) | 2000-12-13 |
CN1167399C true CN1167399C (en) | 2004-09-22 |
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ID=5273084
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CNB991080270A Expired - Fee Related CN1167399C (en) | 1999-06-08 | 1999-06-08 | Multifunctional equipment for supporting patient with burn |
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CN (1) | CN1167399C (en) |
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CN104306123A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-01-28 | 河南科技大学第一附属医院 | Medical transfer device |
CN104546349B (en) * | 2015-01-13 | 2015-08-12 | 青岛大学附属医院 | The electronic care assistor of a kind of reversible |
CN104739607B (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2017-03-22 | 童春平 | Multifunctional critical care system |
CN107041819A (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2017-08-15 | 莱州科亿宏电动床有限公司 | Medical care turning over mechanism and the bathing device based on the mechanism |
CN107198620A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-09-26 | 钱诚 | Automatic turning of helping the disabled carries on the back bed |
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CN108186229A (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2018-06-22 | 施启远 | A kind of electric multifunctional nursing bed |
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TWI744951B (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2021-11-01 | 遠東科技大學 | Screw type lifting and turning machine |
CN115105322B (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2024-05-28 | 北京华商慧智居家养老服务有限公司 | Device and method for shifting, turning over and replacing bedding for disabled person |
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-
1999
- 1999-06-08 CN CNB991080270A patent/CN1167399C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CN1276199A (en) | 2000-12-13 |
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