CN116735722A - Rayleigh wave unidirectional point focusing electromagnetic ultrasonic nondestructive testing device based on Huygens principle - Google Patents
Rayleigh wave unidirectional point focusing electromagnetic ultrasonic nondestructive testing device based on Huygens principle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Huygen principle-based Rayleigh wave unidirectional point focusing electromagnetic ultrasonic nondestructive testing device, which comprises nonlinear high-energy ultrasonic testing equipment and unidirectional point focusing transducers, wherein the nonlinear high-energy ultrasonic testing equipment is connected with the unidirectional point focusing transducers; the unidirectional point focusing type transducer comprises a permanent magnet, a coil A and a coil B, wherein the coil A and the coil B are in fan-shaped reverse folding, a coil reverse folding area of the coil A and the coil B is in a circular arc shape, the coil A and the coil B are in fan-shaped and co-circular centers after being staggered and overlapped, exciting current phase difference of the coil A and the coil B is 90 degrees, the amplitude is the same, the permanent magnet is arranged right above the coil A and the coil B, and a measured aluminum plate is arranged below the coil A and the coil B. The invention ensures that limited ultrasonic energy focuses signals through the simple internal structure design of the unidirectional point focusing transducer, and improves the strength and detection precision of the signals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nondestructive testing, in particular to a Rayleigh wave unidirectional point focusing electromagnetic ultrasonic nondestructive testing device based on a Huygens principle.
Background
The nondestructive testing refers to a method for checking and testing the structure, state and type, quantity, shape, property, position, size, distribution and variation of defects in a test piece by using a physical or chemical method as a means and by means of modern technology and equipment under the premise that the use performance of a detected object is not damaged or affected in a mechanical material and the internal tissue of the detected object is not damaged by utilizing the variation of reactions such as heat, sound, light, electricity, magnetism and the like caused by the abnormality or the defect of the internal structure of the material.
Electromagnetic ultrasonic technology has many advantages as a non-contact nondestructive testing method, such as no influence of surface roughness, no need of coupling agent, etc. However, the conventional electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer has room for improvement in focusing performance and detection effect. Therefore, a new electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer needs to be studied to improve focusing performance and detection effect.
The on-line detection method of the industrial metal plate mainly comprises eddy current detection, magnetic leakage detection, ultrasonic detection and the like. Due to the principle characteristics of eddy current detection and magnetic leakage detection, the microcrack inside the material is difficult to effectively detect; the ultrasonic detection technology has the advantages of strong penetrating power, high defect positioning accuracy, high sensitivity, high detection speed and the like.
Chinese patent CN115210016a discloses that a defect detection and repair system can be used to detect and repair subsurface defects in cast metal during the continuous casting stage. The system may include: a detection device having one or more detection units to detect defects within the cast metal using ultrasonic waves; and a repair device having one or more repair units to repair the defect detected by the detection device in a target area of the cast metal containing the detected defect.
The detection and repair of subsurface defects of the metal plate are realized, and the detection and repair functions are doubled, but the problems that the conversion efficiency of the electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer in the detection of the defects of the aluminum plate is low, the amplitude of the received ultrasonic signal is small and the like are also solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a Rayleigh wave unidirectional point focusing electromagnetic ultrasonic nondestructive testing device based on a Huygens principle, which is used for solving the problems of low conversion efficiency of an electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer and small amplitude of a received Rayleigh wave signal in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a Huygen principle-based Rayleigh wave unidirectional point focusing electromagnetic ultrasonic nondestructive testing device comprises nonlinear high-energy ultrasonic testing equipment and unidirectional point focusing energy converter; the nonlinear high-energy ultrasonic testing equipment is connected with a unidirectional point focusing transducer;
the unidirectional point focusing type transducer comprises a permanent magnet, a coil A and a coil B, wherein the coil A and the coil B are in a fan-shaped reverse folding area, the coil reverse folding area of the coil A and the coil B is in a circular arc shape, the coil A and the coil B are in a fan-shaped common circle center after being staggered and overlapped, the reverse folding arcs of the coil A and the coil B are sequentially arranged and respectively pass through the circle centers of reverse folding radius R1 of the opposite coil, the exciting current phase difference of the coil A and the coil B is 90 degrees, the amplitude is the same, the permanent magnet is arranged right above the coil A and the coil B, the measured aluminum plate is arranged below the coil A and the coil B, the projection of the common circle center position on the surface of the measured aluminum plate after the coil A and the coil B are staggered and overlapped is the position of Rayleigh wave unidirectional point focusing, the distance from the nearest circular arc of the coil A and the coil B to the circle center is the focus radius, and the focus radius of the coil A and the coil B is the preset value with different magnitudes.
Preferably, the frequency of the nonlinear high-energy ultrasonic testing device is set to be 0.5-2MHz, the amplitude of an excitation signal is 2A, the number of pulses is set to be 6, the pulse width is set to be 4.1125, the pulse delay is set to be 2.0, and the gain level is set to be 70.
Preferably, the nonlinear high-energy ultrasonic testing equipment is respectively connected with a control end and an oscilloscope, the nonlinear high-energy ultrasonic testing equipment is respectively connected with a coil A and a coil B of the unidirectional point focusing transducer, a first impedance matching and a bidirectional device are sequentially connected between the nonlinear high-energy ultrasonic testing equipment and the coil A, and a second impedance matching is connected between the nonlinear high-energy ultrasonic testing equipment and the coil B; the nonlinear high-energy ultrasonic testing equipment is connected with a pre-expander, the pre-expander is connected with a receiver, and the receiver is placed above the tested aluminum plate.
Preferably, the coil folding radius R1 of the coil a and the coil B is 0.1-2mm, the R1 value of the distance between adjacent folding arc lines of the coil a and the coil B is 2 times, the number of coil folding turns of the coil a and the coil B is a predetermined value with unequal magnitudes, and the central angle of the coil a and the coil B is a predetermined value with unequal magnitudes.
Preferably, the measured aluminum plate is separated from the middle of the coil A and the coil B by insulating materials or air.
Preferably, NS poles of magnetic induction lines generated by the permanent magnets are arranged along the normal direction of the measured aluminum plate.
Preferably, the thickness of the measured aluminum plate is uniform, and the aluminum plate is fixed on a horizontal plane.
Preferably, the resistance of the first impedance match and the second impedance match is 150Ω.
Preferably, the unidirectional point focusing transducer is externally sleeved with a Faraday cage.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the invention, through the double-fan-shaped reverse-folded structure design of the coil A and the coil B, which are overlapped in a staggered way and are co-centered, the amplitude of the surface wave signal is greatly enhanced, and the unique unidirectional structure is adopted, so that the interference of end surface echoes from other directions can be greatly restrained on a small part, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal is greatly improved as a whole; meanwhile, under the setting of nonlinear high-energy ultrasonic testing equipment, the unidirectional point focusing technology of Rayleigh waves is realized, the energy conversion efficiency of the transducer, the strength and the detection precision of signals are greatly improved, the detection result is enhanced by 3 times compared with the surface wave signals of the detection result of the traditional transducer, and the method has higher focusing performance and sensitivity when detecting the surface defects of materials, and can analyze and evaluate the surface and internal quality of the aluminum plate more accurately.
(2) According to the invention, the Faraday cage is sleeved outside the unidirectional point focusing type transducer, so that the influence of external electromagnetic interference on a detection result is effectively reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a Huygen principle-based Rayleigh wave unidirectional point focusing electromagnetic ultrasonic nondestructive testing device after a coil A and a coil B are staggered and overlapped;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall device structure of a Huygens principle-based Rayleigh wave unidirectional point focusing electromagnetic ultrasonic nondestructive testing device;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a Huygens principle of a Rayleigh wave unidirectional point focusing electromagnetic ultrasonic nondestructive testing device based on the Huygens principle;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a mechanism of the unidirectional point focusing transducer transduction based on Lorentz force for the Rayleigh wave unidirectional point focusing electromagnetic ultrasonic nondestructive testing device based on the Huygens principle;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the comparison of the results of the excitation efficiency of surface waves on an actual aluminum plate by adopting the conventional EMAT and the Rayleigh wave unidirectional point focusing electromagnetic ultrasonic nondestructive testing device based on the huyghen principle.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification, it being understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only, and not for limitation of the present invention, and embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1
A Huygen principle-based Rayleigh wave unidirectional point focusing electromagnetic ultrasonic nondestructive testing device comprises nonlinear high-energy ultrasonic testing equipment and unidirectional point focusing energy converter; the nonlinear high-energy ultrasonic testing equipment is connected with a unidirectional point focusing transducer;
the unidirectional point focusing type transducer comprises a permanent magnet, a coil A and a coil B, wherein the coil A and the coil B are in a fan-shaped reverse folding mode, a coil reverse folding area of the coil A and the coil B is in a circular arc shape, the coil A and the coil B are in a fan-shaped and co-circular center after being staggered and overlapped, the coil A and the coil B are in a staggered structure, reverse folding arcs of the coil A and the coil B are sequentially arranged and respectively pass through the circle center of a reverse folding radius R1 of the opposite coil, the exciting current phase difference of the coil A and the coil B is 90 degrees, the amplitude is the same, the permanent magnet is arranged right above the coil A and the coil B, the permanent magnet is a periodic magnet, the size is 14mm x 25mm x 30mm, a measured aluminum plate is arranged below the coil A and the coil B, and the projection of the co-circular center position on the surface of the measured aluminum plate after the coil A and the coil B are staggered and overlapped is the position of Rayleigh wave unidirectional point focusing.
In this embodiment, the frequency of the nonlinear high-energy ultrasonic testing device is set to 1.462MHz, the excitation signal amplitude is 2A, the number of pulses is set to 6, the pulse width is set to 4.1125, the pulse delay is set to 2.0, and the gain level is set to 70.
In this embodiment, the nonlinear high-energy ultrasonic testing device is connected with a control end and an oscilloscope respectively, the nonlinear high-energy ultrasonic testing device is connected with a coil A and a coil B of the unidirectional point focusing transducer respectively, a first impedance matching and a bidirectional device are sequentially connected between the nonlinear high-energy ultrasonic testing device and the coil A, and a second impedance matching is connected between the nonlinear high-energy ultrasonic testing device and the coil B; the nonlinear high-energy ultrasonic testing equipment is connected with a pre-expander, the pre-expander is connected with a receiver, and the receiver is placed above the tested aluminum plate.
In this embodiment, a coil inflection radius R1 of the coil a and the coil B is 0.5mm, a distance between adjacent inflection arc lines of the coil a and the coil B is 1mm, a coil inflection number of the coil a and the coil B is 12, a central angle 30 ° of the coil a and the coil B is concentric, a distance from a circular arc closest to the center of the circle of the coil a and the coil B is a focal radius, and a focal radius of the coil a and the coil B is 80mm.
In this embodiment, the aluminum plate to be measured is separated from the coil a and the coil B by an insulating material or air.
In this embodiment, NS poles of the magnetic induction lines generated by the permanent magnets are arranged along the normal direction of the measured aluminum plate.
In this example, the measured aluminum plates were 200mm x 100mm x 1mm in size and uniform in thickness, and the aluminum plates were fixed on a horizontal plane.
In this embodiment, the receiver is placed on the surface of the aluminum plate to be measured, and the distance between the receiver and the unidirectional point focusing transducer is 80mm.
In this embodiment, the resistance of the first impedance match and the second impedance match is 150Ω.
In this embodiment, a faraday cage is sleeved outside the unidirectional point focusing transducer.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 in particular in that:
the coil is a straight-line reverse-folded coil, the number of the coils is only one, the reverse-folded number of the coils is 12, the reverse-folded width is 21mm of the central line width of the coils, and the distance between adjacent reverse-folded coils is 2mm.
The same aluminum sheet was tested by the apparatus used in example 1 and comparative example 1, and the test results are shown in fig. 5;
the invention detects the detected aluminum plate based on the Huygens principle;
as shown in FIG. 3, it is assumed that there are two coherent wave sources O, as known by the Huygens principle 1 And O 2 The wave functions are respectively:
∈ 1 ＝A 1 cos(ωt+θ 1 )#(1)
∈ 2 ＝A 2 cos(ωt+θ 2 )#(2)
then O 1 ，O 1 The vibrations induced at point P are respectively:
the expression of the resultant vibration at point P is:
∈ P ＝∈ P1 +∈ P2 ＝A cos(ωt+θ) #(5)
wherein the method comprises the steps of
The ultrasonic amplitude in the test piece meets the Huygens superposition principle. Each wire in the unidirectional point focusing transducer is equivalent to a point sound source, when the phase difference of two lines of waves with the same frequency and the same vibration direction is constant, vibration of certain points in the synthesized wave field can be always enhanced, and the vibration of certain points is always weakened (or completely disappeared).
The transducer mainly comprises a permanent magnet, a coil and a test piece to be tested. The transduction mechanism of the material can be divided into 3 forms of Lorentz force, magnetizing force and magnetostriction force according to the physical properties of the material. According to the electromagnetic principle, the unidirectional point focusing transducer transduction mechanism based on Lorentz force is shown as figure 4, when a signal source is used for introducing high-frequency alternating current with phase difference of pi/2 (current density of J) into two designed fan-shaped reverse coils 0 ) The near surface of the test piece generates vortex density J with the same frequency and opposite phases E And alternating magnetic field B d . Density of vortex J E Will be respectively associated with alternating magnetic fields B d Static magnetic field B provided by permanent magnet s Interaction to generate Lorentz force f of alternating magnetic field d And a lorentz force f of the static magnetic field s . The two lorentz forces drive the test piece particles below the turns of the wires of the zigzag coil to vibrate at high frequency.
B d ＝μ m H d # (8)
J E ＝γE E # (10)
f L ＝f s +f d ＝J E ×B s +J E ×B d # (11)
Wherein: h d Is the magnetic field strength of the alternating magnetic field; mu (mu) m And gamma is the relative permeability and conductivity of the aluminum plate, respectively; e (E) E Is the strength of the electric field generated by the eddy current; f (f) d And f s The Lorentz force density generated by the alternating magnetic field and the static magnetic field and the vortex respectively; f (f) L Is f d And f s Is a combined force density of (2); f (F) L Is the lorentz force within a given volume V.
The invention relates to a Huygen principle-based Rayleigh wave unidirectional point focusing electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer excitation principle, which comprises the following steps:
the excitation principle of the unidirectional point focusing transducer is shown in fig. 4, and high-frequency pulse current with the same frequency and amplitude and 90-degree phase difference is introduced into the coil A, B. At time t=nt (T is the period of the surface wave), the particles directly under coil B start to generate ultrasonic waves; at time t=nt+t/4, the particles directly under coil a start generating ultrasound. At this time, the ultrasonic wave generated by the coil B has propagated λ/4 (λ is the wavelength) along the propagation direction, so that the coil A, B is staggered by λ/4, and then the phases of the ultrasonic waves generated by the excitation of the coil A, B are the same, and the combined displacement is 2 times that of the ultrasonic wave generated by the coil a or B alone, i.e. the left side of the center of the coil is the enhancement side; the ultrasonic displacement generated by the excitation of the two coils is opposite in phase, the ultrasonic waves cancel each other, and the resultant displacement is 0, namely the right side of the coil center is a weakening side. And then according to the convergence effect of the fan-shaped reverse-folded coil on the ultrasonic waves, the unidirectional enhanced transducer with the point focusing effect can be obtained. From the above analysis, it is clear that when the current phase in coil a lags behind the current phase in coil B, the ultrasonic energy will be focused on a region on the left side of the coil, i.e., the center of the circle corresponding to the arc. Thus, the single point focusing transducer can be utilized to detect the tiny defects in the focusing area by utilizing the high-amplitude sound waves of the focusing area.
The invention relates to a Rayleigh wave unidirectional point focusing electromagnetic ultrasonic nondestructive testing device based on a Huygens principle, which has the following working principle:
placing a unidirectional point focusing type transducer and a receiver above an aluminum plate, starting equipment, adjusting nonlinear high-energy electromagnetic ultrasonic testing equipment by a control end, sending ultrasonic signal excitation sources to the unidirectional point focusing type transducer through the nonlinear high-energy ultrasonic testing equipment to excite high-frequency ultrasonic signals, wherein the excitation signals adopt sine wave pulse trains with equal amplitude and equal interval, alternating current is generated between the nonlinear high-energy ultrasonic testing equipment and the receiver, the nonlinear high-energy ultrasonic testing equipment is connected with a coil through a first impedance matching and a second impedance matching stabilizing circuit, and when the alternating current passes through a magnetic field, an alternating magnetic field is generated, so that Rayleigh waves are excited, the interaction between the alternating magnetic field and a magnetic field of a permanent magnet is further excited, and the excited Rayleigh waves propagate in the aluminum plate to be tested; the ultrasonic energy is received as an inverse process of emission, when the focused Rayleigh wave encounters a defect, a propagation path is changed and diverges to the periphery to generate a reflected wave of the defect, when the reflected wave energy propagates along the surface and passes through the receiving coil, material lattices under the receiving coil are deformed, an electric vortex is generated under the action of an externally-applied magnetic field of a permanent magnet, induced voltage is generated in the receiving coil to be used as an echo signal to be received, and the echo signal received by a receiver is transmitted to an oscilloscope for display through a preamplifier and a nonlinear high-energy ultrasonic test, so that the quality of the surface and the inside of an aluminum plate is analyzed and evaluated, and necessary measures are timely taken to prevent potential equipment faults and accidents.
While the basic concepts have been described above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the foregoing detailed disclosure is by way of example only and is not intended to be limiting. Although not explicitly described herein, various modifications, improvements, and offsets may occur to those skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains. Such modifications, improvements, and offset processing are suggested in this specification and, therefore, remain within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of this specification.
Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the various aspects of the specification can be illustrated and described in terms of several patentable categories or circumstances, including any novel and useful procedures, machines, products, or combinations of materials, or any novel and useful modifications thereof. Accordingly, aspects of the present description may be performed entirely by hardware, entirely by software, including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc., or by a combination of hardware and software. The above hardware or software may be referred to as a "data block," module, "" engine, "" unit, "" component, "or" system. Furthermore, aspects of the specification may take the form of a computer product, comprising computer-readable program code, embodied in one or more computer-readable media.
It is noted that, if the description, definition, and/or use of a term in an attached material in this specification does not conform to or conflict with what is described in this specification, the description, definition, and/or use of the term in this specification controls.
Finally, it should be understood that the embodiments described in this specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the embodiments of this specification. Other variations are possible within the scope of this description. Thus, by way of example, and not limitation, alternative configurations of embodiments of the present specification may be considered as consistent with the teachings of the present specification. Accordingly, the embodiments of the present specification are not limited to the implementations explicitly described and depicted in this specification.
Claims (9)
1. A Rayleigh wave unidirectional point focusing type electromagnetic ultrasonic nondestructive testing device based on a Huygens principle comprises nonlinear high-energy ultrasonic testing equipment and a unidirectional point focusing type transducer, and is characterized in that: the nonlinear high-energy ultrasonic testing equipment is connected with a unidirectional point focusing transducer;
the unidirectional point focusing type transducer comprises a permanent magnet, a coil A and a coil B, wherein the coil A and the coil B are in a fan-shaped reverse folding area, the coil reverse folding area of the coil A and the coil B is in a circular arc shape, the coil A and the coil B are in a fan-shaped common circle center after being staggered and overlapped, the reverse folding arcs of the coil A and the coil B are sequentially arranged and respectively pass through the circle centers of reverse folding radius R1 of the opposite coil, the exciting current phase difference of the coil A and the coil B is 90 degrees, the amplitude is the same, the permanent magnet is arranged right above the coil A and the coil B, the measured aluminum plate is arranged below the coil A and the coil B, the projection of the common circle center position on the surface of the measured aluminum plate after the coil A and the coil B are staggered and overlapped is the position of Rayleigh wave unidirectional point focusing, the distance from the nearest circular arc of the coil A and the coil B to the circle center is the focus radius, and the focus radius of the coil A and the coil B is the preset value with different magnitudes.
2. The Huygen principle-based Rayleigh wave unidirectional point focusing electromagnetic ultrasonic nondestructive testing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the device is characterized in that: the nonlinear high-energy ultrasonic testing equipment frequency is set to 0.5-2MHz, the excitation signal amplitude is 2A, the number of pulses is set to 6, the pulse width is set to 4.1125, the pulse delay is set to 2.0, and the gain level is set to 70.
3. The Huygen principle-based Rayleigh wave unidirectional point focusing electromagnetic ultrasonic nondestructive testing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the device is characterized in that: the nonlinear high-energy ultrasonic testing device is respectively connected with a control end and an oscilloscope, the nonlinear high-energy ultrasonic testing device is respectively connected with a coil A and a coil B of the unidirectional point focusing transducer, a first impedance matching device and a bidirectional device are sequentially connected between the nonlinear high-energy ultrasonic testing device and the coil A, and a second impedance matching device is connected between the nonlinear high-energy ultrasonic testing device and the coil B; the nonlinear high-energy ultrasonic testing equipment is connected with a pre-expander, the pre-expander is connected with a receiver, and the receiver is placed above the tested aluminum plate.
4. The Huygen principle-based Rayleigh wave unidirectional point focusing electromagnetic ultrasonic nondestructive testing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the device is characterized in that: the coil folding radius R1 of the coil A and the coil B is 0.1-2mm, the R1 value of the distance between adjacent folding arc lines of the coil A and the coil B is 2 times, the coil folding turns of the coil A and the coil B are preset values with different sizes, and the central angles of the centers of the coil A and the coil B are preset values with different sizes.
5. The Huygen principle-based Rayleigh wave unidirectional point focusing electromagnetic ultrasonic nondestructive testing device is characterized in that: the measured aluminum plate is separated from the coil A and the coil B by insulating materials or air.
6. The Huygen principle-based Rayleigh wave unidirectional point focusing electromagnetic ultrasonic nondestructive testing device is characterized in that: and NS poles of magnetic induction lines generated by the permanent magnets are arranged along the normal direction of the measured aluminum plate.
7. The Huygen principle-based Rayleigh wave unidirectional point focusing electromagnetic ultrasonic nondestructive testing device is characterized in that: the thickness of the measured aluminum plate is uniform, and the aluminum plate is fixed on a horizontal plane.
8. A Rayleigh wave unidirectional point focusing electromagnetic ultrasonic nondestructive testing device based on huyghen principle according to claim 3, wherein: the resistance of the first impedance match and the second impedance match is 150Ω.
9. The Huygen principle-based Rayleigh wave unidirectional point focusing electromagnetic ultrasonic nondestructive testing device is characterized in that: and a Faraday cage is sleeved outside the unidirectional point focusing transducer.
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