CN116731253A - Insulating material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Insulating material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116731253A CN116731253A CN202210213730.4A CN202210213730A CN116731253A CN 116731253 A CN116731253 A CN 116731253A CN 202210213730 A CN202210213730 A CN 202210213730A CN 116731253 A CN116731253 A CN 116731253A
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- polypropylene
- insulating material
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- modified polypropylene
- isopropenyl
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- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- LPIQIQPLUVLISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazole Chemical class CC(=C)C1=NCCO1 LPIQIQPLUVLISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920005629 polypropylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- DXWNLYABXGUEIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-prop-1-en-2-yl-4,5-dihydroimidazole Chemical compound CC(=C)N1CCN=C1 DXWNLYABXGUEIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 9
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920003020 cross-linked polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004703 cross-linked polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decalin Chemical compound C1CCCC2CCCCC21 NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- PBKONEOXTCPAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1 PBKONEOXTCPAFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical compound [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002522 swelling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vertaline Natural products C1C2C=3C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=3OC(C=C3)=CC=C3CCC(=O)OC1CC1N2CCCC1 PXXNTAGJWPJAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QEQBMZQFDDDTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QEQBMZQFDDDTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lauroyl peroxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003849 aromatic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N caproic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCCCC(=O)OCC SHZIWNPUGXLXDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BLCKNMAZFRMCJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl cyclohexyloxycarbonyloxy carbonate Chemical compound C1CCCCC1OC(=O)OOC(=O)OC1CCCCC1 BLCKNMAZFRMCJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXKJFZQQPQGTFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydroxyacetone Chemical compound OCC(=O)CO RXKJFZQQPQGTFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BWJUFXUULUEGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl propan-2-yloxycarbonyloxy carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)OOC(=O)OC(C)C BWJUFXUULUEGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F255/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00
- C08F255/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00 on to polymers of olefins having two or three carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L51/06—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B19/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing insulators or insulating bodies
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
- H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an insulating material, a preparation method and application thereof. The insulating material modified polypropylene is polypropylene grafted and modified by isopropenyl oxazoline compounds; the molar content of isopropenyl oxazoline graft in the modified polypropylene is 2-20mol%. The insulating material can obviously improve the insulating property of the insulating material by comprising the polypropylene grafted and modified by isopropenyl oxazoline and controlling the molar content of a grafted object.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of materials, and relates to an insulating material, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The insulating material is the foundation and guarantee of the development of electrical products, and plays an important role in the development of the motor and the electrical industry. With the rapid development of the power industry, the power grid system advances towards higher voltage levels and larger power transmission capacity, and higher requirements are put on the performance of insulating materials. The main insulating material of the high-voltage direct current cable currently used is crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE), and the insulating effect of the crosslinked polyethylene is not ideal. With the improvement of the voltage class and the conveying capacity of a cable system, the insulating material is kept at a better insulating level mainly by increasing the thickness of the insulating material layer, but the heat dissipation capacity of the insulating material is weakened due to the increase of the thickness of the insulating material, so that the resistivity is further reduced, and the degree of improvement of the insulating level of the insulating material is limited. In addition, the crosslinked polyethylene belongs to a thermosetting material, cannot be recycled after the service life of the cable is over, and a large amount of crosslinked polyethylene waste is generated, so that the environment-friendly effect is not utilized.
As a novel thermoplastic insulating material, polypropylene has better environmental protection performance and electrical insulation performance compared with crosslinked polyethylene, and has received extensive attention in the insulated cable manufacturing industry. However, polypropylene still has a high current density when used as an insulated cable, and is not excellent enough in electrical insulation properties.
Therefore, it is important to develop an insulating material having excellent insulating properties.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an insulating material, which can have excellent insulating performance by making the insulating material comprise polypropylene grafted and modified by isopropenyl oxazoline compounds and controlling the molar content of a grafted object.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the insulating material, which has the advantages of easy operation and mild conditions.
The invention also provides an insulated cable comprising the insulating material, and the insulated cable has excellent insulating performance due to the excellent insulating performance of the insulating material.
The first aspect of the invention provides an insulating material, which comprises modified polypropylene, wherein the modified polypropylene is polypropylene grafted and modified by isopropenyl oxazoline compounds;
the molar content of isopropenyl oxazoline graft in the modified polypropylene is 2-20mol%.
The insulating material as described above, wherein the molar content of the isopropenyl imidazoline graft in the modified polypropylene is 2 to 7mol%.
The insulating material as described above, wherein the modified polypropylene has a weight average molecular weight of 300000 ～ 700000g/mol.
The insulating material as described above, wherein the modified polypropylene is a modified homo-polypropylene.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned insulating material, the method comprising: and (3) enabling the polypropylene and the isopropenyl oxazoline compound to undergo a grafting reaction to obtain the modified polypropylene.
The preparation method as described above, wherein the grafting reaction comprises a process of reacting the reaction system at 45 to 135 ℃;
the reaction system is obtained by adding a mixture of a radical initiator and the isopropenyloxy oxazoline compound to the polypropylene.
The preparation method comprises the step of preparing the reaction system, wherein the reaction system further comprises an interfacial agent and a dispersing agent.
The preparation method comprises the step of using 0.01-5 mol% of the free radical initiator.
The preparation method comprises the step of using 0.1-3 mol% of the free radical initiator.
A third aspect of the invention provides an insulated cable comprising the insulating material provided in the first aspect of the invention.
According to the modified polypropylene in the insulating material, the polypropylene is grafted and modified by adopting the isopropenyl oxazoline compound, and the molar content of a graft in the modified polypropylene is controlled, so that on one hand, heterogeneous nucleation of the modified polypropylene can be promoted, the number of crystal nuclei is increased, the size of the crystal nuclei is reduced, a breakdown channel of current in high-voltage breakdown is prolonged, the breakdown field intensity is increased, on the other hand, a large amount of deep charge trap energy levels can be introduced, carriers are effectively captured, the carrier mobility is reduced, and further injection and accumulation of space charges are inhibited. Through the functions of the two aspects, the improvement of the insulation performance of the insulation material is realized.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the insulating material, which has the advantages of easy operation and mild condition.
The invention also provides an insulated cable, which comprises the insulating material, and the insulating material is used as an insulating layer material of the insulated cable, so that the insulating performance of the insulated cable can be obviously improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a crystalline morphology diagram of the isopropenyloxy oxazoline graft modified homo-polypropylene of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a crystalline morphology of the unmodified homo-polypropylene of comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in the following in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The first aspect of the invention provides an insulating material, which comprises modified polypropylene, wherein the modified polypropylene is polypropylene grafted and modified by isopropenyl oxazoline compounds, and the molar content of isopropenyl oxazoline grafts in the modified polypropylene is 2-20mol%.
The modified polypropylene can be directly used as an insulating material, and can also be blended with other polymers to form a composition to be used as the insulating material.
The chemical structural formula of the isopropenyl oxazoline compound is shown as formula 1:
in formula 1The symbols represent: hydrogen and C1-C6 alkane are connected at the position.
The isopropenyloxy oxazoline compound may be a single molecule compound represented by formula 1 or may be an oligomer of a compound represented by formula 1.
The isopropenyloxy oxazoline graft of the invention refers to a grafting part except a polypropylene main chain unit in modified polypropylene.
The inventor researches find that the polypropylene is modified by adopting the isopropenyl oxazoline graft with the specific molar content, the obtained modified polypropylene is easy to nucleate out of phase, and meanwhile, the modified polypropylene has more crystal nucleus number and smaller crystal nucleus size, so that a breakdown channel of current is prolonged during high-voltage breakdown, and the breakdown field strength is increased; in addition, the grafting group introduces a large number of deep charge trap energy levels, so that carriers can be effectively captured, carrier mobility is reduced, and further injection and accumulation of space charges are inhibited. Through the two functions, the electric insulation performance of the insulation material is improved.
Furthermore, when the molar content of the isopropenyl imidazoline graft in the modified polypropylene is preferably 2 to 7mol%, the insulating property of the insulating material can be further improved.
It is worth mentioning that the weight average molecular weight of the modified polypropylene is also an important factor affecting the insulation properties of the insulation material. When the weight average molecular weight of the modified polypropylene is controlled to 300000 ～ 700000g/mol, the insulating property of the insulating material can be further improved.
The weight average molecular weight of the modified polypropylene of the invention is measured by high temperature GPC, and specifically comprises the following steps: the modified polypropylene was prepared into a sample by PL-GPC 220 type gel permeation chromatography of Polymer Laboratory company, the sample was dissolved in 1,2, 4-trichlorobenzene at a concentration of 1.0mg/ml, the test temperature was 150℃and the solution flow rate was 1.0ml/min. The standard curve was specified using the molecular weight of polystyrene as an internal standard, and the weight average molecular weight of the sample was calculated from the run-out time.
Further, the modified polypropylene of the present invention is a modified homo-polypropylene. Compared with the polypropylene (PP-B), the polypropylene (PP-H) has excellent melting property, tensile property and electrical property, and the melting property, tensile property and electrical property of the polypropylene (PP-H) are equivalent to those of the polypropylene (PP-R), but the cost is lower. Therefore, the insulating material has excellent insulating performance and considerable economic benefit by modifying the insulating material based on the homopolymerized polypropylene.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the insulating material provided in the first aspect, the method comprising: and (3) enabling the polypropylene and the isopropenyl oxazoline compound to undergo a grafting reaction to obtain the modified polypropylene.
It is understood that a free radical initiator is required to be added in the grafting reaction to promote the polypropylene and isopropenyloxy oxazoline compounds to form free radicals so as to carry out the grafting reaction.
The dosages of polypropylene, isopropenyl oxazoline compounds and free radical initiators are important factors influencing the grafting reaction, the dosages of the compounds can change to cause the change of the grafting content, and the change of the grafting content can directly influence the performance of the polypropylene after grafting modification.
Further, the content of the polypropylene to be added is 0.1 to 25mol%, preferably 3 to 20mol%; the content of the isopropenyloxy oxazoline compound to be added is 2 to 20mol%, preferably 2 to 7mol%. Wherein, the contents of the polypropylene and the isopropenyl oxazoline compounds are based on all substances in the whole reaction system.
Further, the grafting reaction comprises a process of reacting the reaction system at 45-135 ℃; wherein the reaction system is obtained by adding a mixture of a free radical initiator and an isopropenyloxy oxazoline compound into polypropylene.
The free radical initiator can initiate the isopropenyloxy oxazoline compound to form free radicals, and can also initiate the polypropylene to form free radicals to form active grafting points, so that the isopropenyloxy oxazoline compound in the free radical form is grafted on the active grafting points of the polypropylene, and the modified polypropylene is obtained.
The kind of the radical initiator is not particularly limited in the present invention, and radical initiators commonly used in the art, such as peroxide radical initiators, may be selected.
Specifically, the peroxide radical initiator may be at least one selected from dibenzoyl peroxide, dicumyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, t-butyl peroxybenzoate, diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, t-butyl peroxy (2-ethylhexanoate) and dicyclohexyl peroxydicarbonate.
Further, the peroxide-based radical initiator is preferably benzoic acid peroxide.
The amount of the radical initiator used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and when the amount of the radical initiator is 0.01 to 5mol%, more preferably 0.1 to 3mol%, the grafting reaction efficiency is higher. Wherein the dosage of the free radical initiator is based on all substances in the whole reaction system.
In addition, the proper amount of the free radical initiator can ensure that the polypropylene, the isopropenyloxy oxazoline compound and the free radical initiator fully participate in the reaction, thereby reducing the generation of impurities as much as possible.
Taking isopropenyloxy oxazolines selected from isopropenyloxy oxazolines as examples, the grafting reaction of the present invention can be represented by the following reaction process:
in the reaction formula 1), isopropenyl oxazoline forms isopropenyl oxazoline free radical under the action of a free radical initiator;
in reaction formula 2), polypropylene forms polypropylene in free radical form under the action of a free radical initiator;
in the reaction formula 3), the polypropylene in the free radical form obtained in the reaction formula 2) and the isopropenyl oxazoline free radical obtained in the reaction formula 1) undergo a grafting reaction to obtain the polypropylene grafted and modified by the isopropenyl oxazoline.
Furthermore, the interfacial agent and the dispersing agent are added into the reaction system, so that the grafting reaction can be smoothly carried out.
The interfacial agent has swelling effect on polypropylene, so that the polypropylene has a larger reaction area; the dispersing agent can also uniformly disperse reactants, increase the contact area of the reactants, and can more easily obtain the modified polypropylene in a powdery form.
The interfacial agent is an organic solvent having a swelling effect on polypropylene, and can be specifically selected from at least one of an ether solvent, a ketone solvent, an aromatic solvent and an alkane solvent.
The interfacial agent of the present invention is preferably at least one of benzene chloride, polychlorinated benzene, alkane or cycloalkane having 6 or more carbon atoms, benzene, alkyl-substituted benzene having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, aliphatic ether having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, aliphatic ketone having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, decalin, and heptane.
The interfacial agent of the present invention is further preferably at least one of benzene, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, acetone, hexane, cyclohexane, decalin, and heptane.
The mass of the interfacial agent is 1 to 50% of the mass of the homo-polypropylene, and more preferably 5 to 20%.
The dispersing agent of the invention is preferably water or aqueous solution of sodium chloride, and the mass of the dispersing agent is 50-400% of that of the homo-polypropylene.
A third aspect of the invention provides an insulated cable comprising the insulating material provided in the first aspect of the invention. In particular, the insulation material provided in the first aspect of the present invention may be used as an insulation layer material for insulated cables. Since the insulating material provided in the first aspect of the present invention has good insulating properties, an insulated cable comprising the insulating material also has good insulating properties.
The insulating material of the present invention and its properties will be specifically described below by way of specific embodiments.
Example 1
The insulating material of the embodiment is isopropenyloxy oxazoline grafted and modified homopolypropylene, wherein the model of the homopolypropylene is T30s, and the molar content of the isopropenyloxy oxazoline grafted in the modified homopolypropylene is 5mol%.
Comparative example 1
The insulating material of this comparative example was unmodified homo-polypropylene, wherein the model of homo-polypropylene was T30s.
Test examples
1. The polymerization crystal morphology of the isoprenoxyoxazoline-modified homo-polypropylene of example 1 and the non-modified homo-polypropylene of comparative example 1 was observed by using a polarizing microscope.
FIG. 1 is a crystal morphology diagram of the propylene oxide graft modified homo-polypropylene of example 1, and FIG. 2 is a crystal morphology diagram of the unmodified homo-polypropylene of comparative example 1. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the introduction of isopropenyloxy oxazoline grafts has little effect on the crystalline structure of the polypropylene matrix. However, as can be seen from FIG. 2, the unmodified T30 s-homo-polypropylene has a large crystal nucleus size and a small number of crystal nuclei, and as can be seen from FIG. 1, the T30 s-homo-polypropylene modified by isopropenyloxy oxazoline grafting has a small crystal nucleus size and a large number of crystal nuclei. The smaller crystal nucleus size and the larger crystal nucleus number can enable the breakdown channel of the current to be lengthened during high-voltage breakdown, the breakdown field intensity is increased, and therefore the insulation performance of the insulation material is improved. The insulating material of example 1 thus has more excellent insulating properties than the insulating material of comparative example 1.
2. The insulating materials of example 1 and comparative example 1 were sampled and tested for current density at electric field strengths of 5kV/mm, 10kV/mm, 15kV/mm, 20kV/mm, 25kV/mm, 30kV/mm, 35kV/mm, 40kV/mm, 45kV/mm, 50kV/mm, 55kV/mm, 60kV/mm, 65kV/mm, 70kV/mm, 75kV/mm, 80kV/mm, respectively, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the data in table 1, the current density of the insulating material of T30s homo-polypropylene modified by isopropenyl oxazoline grafting is smaller than that of the insulating material of unmodified T30s homo-polypropylene under different electric field intensities, so that it is demonstrated that the insulating material of T30s homo-polypropylene modified by isopropenyl oxazoline grafting has better insulating property.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The insulating material is characterized by comprising modified polypropylene, wherein the modified polypropylene is polypropylene grafted and modified by isopropenyl oxazoline compounds;
the molar content of isopropenyl oxazoline graft in the modified polypropylene is 2-20mol%.
2. The insulation material according to claim 1, wherein the molar content of the isopropenyl imidazoline graft in the modified polypropylene is 2 to 7mol%.
3. Insulation material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the modified polypropylene has a weight average molecular weight of 300000 ～ 700000g/mol.
4. An insulation material according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the modified polypropylene is a modified homo-polypropylene.
5. A method of producing the insulating material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising: and (3) enabling the polypropylene and the isopropenyl oxazoline compound to undergo a grafting reaction to obtain the modified polypropylene.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the grafting reaction comprises a process of reacting the reaction system at 45 to 135 ℃;
the reaction system is obtained by adding a mixture of a radical initiator and the isopropenyloxy oxazoline compound to the polypropylene.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the reaction system further comprises an interfacial agent and a dispersant.
8. The process according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the free radical initiator is used in an amount of 0.01 to 5mol%.
9. The process according to claim 8, wherein the free radical initiator is used in an amount of 0.1 to 3mol%.
10. An insulated cable comprising the insulation material of any one of claims 1-4.
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