CN116727809A - Heat input adjusting method for magnetic control plasma arc additive manufacturing - Google Patents
Heat input adjusting method for magnetic control plasma arc additive manufacturing Download PDFInfo
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- CN116727809A CN116727809A CN202310566155.0A CN202310566155A CN116727809A CN 116727809 A CN116727809 A CN 116727809A CN 202310566155 A CN202310566155 A CN 202310566155A CN 116727809 A CN116727809 A CN 116727809A
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- temperature
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/48—Thermography; Techniques using wholly visual means
- G01J5/485—Temperature profile
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/095—Monitoring or automatic control of welding parameters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/12—Automatic feeding or moving of electrodes or work for spot or seam welding or cutting
- B23K9/133—Means for feeding electrodes, e.g. drums, rolls, motors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/32—Accessories
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/20—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a heat input adjusting method and a system for magnetic control plasma arc additive manufacturing. Aiming at the problems of heat input accumulation, uneven temperature distribution, easy generation of hot cracks, incomplete melting, air holes and the like in the manufacturing of the plasma arc additive, the invention relates to a heat input adjusting method for the manufacturing of the magnetic control plasma arc additive. The method comprises the following steps: the plasma welding device mainly comprises a plasma welding gun, a magnetic control swing electric arc device, an infrared thermometer, an infrared thermal imager and a control processor system, and the technical scheme is characterized in that the infrared thermal imager scans the upper surface of a formed piece to obtain real-time temperature distribution of each layer of samples, the temperature information distribution is fed back to the control processor system to adjust exciting current, and the position and the shape of a plasma arc are controlled by utilizing a magnetic field; the infrared thermometer measures the temperature distribution of the molten pool in real time, feeds back the temperature information of the molten pool to the control processor system to adjust the wire feeding speed, adjusts the local heat input of the molten pool, and realizes the self-adaptive adjustment and uniform distribution of the heat input in the manufacturing process of magnetic control plasma arc additive.
Description
Technical Field
The invention particularly relates to a heat input adjusting method for magnetic control plasma arc additive manufacturing, which is used for controlling heat input and adjusting temperature distribution in the additive manufacturing process, reducing additive manufacturing defects and belongs to the field of plasma arc additive manufacturing.
Background
The structure, performance and availability of current high quality part Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) depends on various process parameters such as wire feed speed, wire diameter, travel speed and arc power. The higher metal deposition rates pave the way for achieving high performance and efficiency of the assembly, meaning that higher heat input adversely affects the WAAM process, heat input build-up causes uneven temperature distribution, defects such as hot cracking, incomplete melting, air holes, etc., and high quality production is limited.
Aiming at the heat input control and detection search of additive manufacturing, patent document CN113579253A discloses a device and a method for online monitoring of a multi-scale temperature field of additive manufacturing, from the temperature of a substrate, the temperature of a molten pool, the temperature of each layer of sample, and the defects of cracks, splashes, holes and geometric deformation of a formed part in the process of additive manufacturing are monitored online, and technological parameters are regulated and controlled in real time through temperature feedback, so that the printing quality can be improved. Patent document CN114083086a provides a control method and a device for stabilizing an arc additive manufacturing process, which are used for adjusting at least one of wire feeding speed and arc length, ensuring stable transition of a welding wire under the condition of large variation of technological parameters, reducing phenomena such as splashing and sticking in a forming process, and further improving accuracy of arc additive manufacturing. Patent document CN112059384a discloses a method for adaptively controlling the distance between a magnetic control plasma arc and the end and the molten pool of a wire, which mainly solves the key technical problems of adaptive control of the distance among the end, the molten pool and the plasma arc of the wire and local heat input adjustment of the molten pool in the process of manufacturing the additive of the magnetic control plasma arc.
The prior art solutions described above, while providing for additive manufacturing heat input control and detection, still suffer from the following drawbacks or deficiencies: firstly, regulating and controlling technological parameters in the additive manufacturing process from the temperature of a substrate, the temperature of a molten pool and the temperature of each layer of sample by three scales, wherein the technological process is complex and tedious and takes too long time; secondly, the regulation and control of wire feeding speed and arc length are realized by acquiring welding current and welding voltage in additive manufacturing, the regulation and control of wire feeding speed and arc length are easily influenced by various signal interference factors, and the heat distribution image and rule of a molten pool cannot be accurately acquired; finally, the distance control among the wire end, the molten pool and the plasma arc based on the magnetic control plasma only can solve the problems that the position relationship among the wire end, the molten pool and the plasma arc is in dynamic balance, and the problems of thermal accumulation and thermal distribution caused between continuous electric arc swing and wire feeding in the additive manufacturing process are not solved, so that the defects of hot crack, incomplete melting, air holes and the like are easily caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at least partially at the defects, and provides a heat input adjusting method for magnetic control plasma arc additive manufacturing, which aims at solving the technical problem of forming defects caused by abnormal temperature distribution in the plasma arc additive manufacturing by carrying out online temperature detection and heat input adjustment and control on an infrared thermal imager, an infrared thermometer and a magnetic control sensor and carrying out online detection on slice layer temperature and molten pool temperature in the forming process so as to carry out real-time adjustment and control on heat input and improve heat input accumulation.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided the following technical solution: the system consists of a plasma welding gun, a magnetic control swing arc device, a wire feeding device, an infrared thermometer, an infrared thermal imager and a control processor. The method is characterized in that: the temperature distribution of the slice layer is obtained in real time through the infrared thermal imager during operation, the temperature distribution is divided into three areas of left, middle and right temperature characteristics, temperature information is compared and analyzed and fed back to the control processor, the control processor adjusts exciting current according to the temperature distribution information of the slice layer, the direction and the size of a magnetic field are adjusted, the position and the shape of a plasma arc are changed, and the temperature is uniformly distributed; simultaneously, the temperature information of the molten pool is obtained in real time through an infrared thermometer, the analysis of the temperature of the molten pool compared with the temperature in the middle of the slicing layer is fed back to a control processor, the wire feeding speed of a wire feeding device is regulated, the problem of heat accumulation of the molten pool is changed, and the local heat input of the molten pool is regulated.
The infrared thermal imager acquires real-time temperature distribution of the slice layer, and regulates and controls printing parameters of the next layer in real time, so that the phenomenon that powder is over-burned or powder is not completely melted due to over-high temperature is prevented.
The temperature distribution of the molten pool obtained by the infrared thermometer carries out on-line monitoring on the temperature disturbance of the molten pool in the printing process, and the hole position and the size of the sample are pre-judged, so that the printing parameters are regulated and controlled in real time, and the abnormal temperature disturbance is eliminated.
The magnetic control plasma arc device can change the size and the direction of the magnetic field generated by the device according to the required magnetic field function, further can control the swing frequency and the swing amplitude of the plasma arc, and can directly control the position and shape change of the plasma arc.
The control processor can receive temperature information fed back by the thermometer, has data analysis capability, and can output control data to the wire feeding device and the magnetic control plasma arc device.
In general, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention, compared with the prior art, enable the following beneficial effects to be obtained: the invention provides a heat input adjusting method for magnetic control plasma arc additive manufacturing, which is used for carrying out temperature detection from multiple dimensions on various defects generated in the plasma arc additive manufacturing so as to regulate and control corresponding heat input.
(1) The invention generates a magnetic field through the magnetic control sensor, monitors the temperature of the slice layer in real time, feeds back to the control processor for temperature comparison, regulates and controls the exciting current to generate the magnetic field through the control processor, swings the electric arc by utilizing the Lorentz force generated by the electric arc under the transverse alternating magnetic field, and adjusts the temperature of the slice layer in real time, thereby realizing the approximately uniform distribution of the layer temperature and further improving the forming.
(2) According to the invention, the temperature of the molten pool is acquired in real time, and then is fed back to the control processor for temperature comparison, and the wire feeding speed is regulated and controlled by the control processor, so that the local heat input of the molten pool can be regulated, the occurrence of heat accumulation is avoided, and the self-adaptive regulation and stable performance of the heat input are realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a device, wherein 1 is a magnetic control plasma device, 2 is a wire feeder, 3 is an infrared thermometer, and 4 is an infrared thermal imager;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of adaptive control;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a temperature profile;
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples to facilitate understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art.
Example 1, plasma arc additive manufacturing slice layer temperature regulation was performed. Firstly, a temperature image of a slice layer is acquired in real time through an infrared thermal imager, temperature distribution is used as feedback to a control processor, the control processor sends an instruction to control the position state of a plasma arc by adjusting exciting current and utilizing a magnetic field, and the control processor adjusts the exciting current specifically as follows:
s1, acquiring real-time temperature distribution information of a slice layer through a thermal infrared imager, wherein the temperature of a central area of the slice layer is T m The temperature of the left area of the slice layer is recorded as T L The temperature of the right area of the slice layer is recorded as T R ；
S2, if T m Greater than T L Adjusting exciting current, and magnetically controlling the swing arc device to enable the arc to deviate left, if T m Greater than T R And adjusting exciting current, and enabling the arc to deflect right by the magnetic control swinging arc device.
The method realizes the approximately uniform distribution of the layer temperature of the plasma arc additive manufacturing, particularly has the defects of large temperature difference and uneven temperature distribution, and is easy to generate scenes such as hot cracks, incomplete melting, air holes and the like, the self-starting identification is realized according to the difference of the layer temperature, the layer temperature distribution is regulated and controlled in a self-adaptive manner, the defect generation is greatly reduced, and the stable deposition of the cladding of the next layer can be ensured.
Example 2, plasma arc additive manufacturing molten pool heat input adaptive regulation was performed. Firstly, acquiring temperature information of a molten pool in real time through an infrared thermometer, taking analysis of the temperature of the molten pool compared with the temperature in the middle of a slicing layer as feedback to a control processor, changing the problem of heat accumulation of the molten pool by adjusting the wire feeding speed, adjusting the local heat input of the molten pool, and adjusting the wire feeding speed by the control processor specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring temperature information of a molten pool in real time through an infrared thermometer, and recording the temperature information as T P ；
S2, if T P Greater than T m Controlling the processor system to adjust the wire feeding structure to reduce the wire feeding speed, if T P Less than T m The control processor system adjusts the wire feed structure to increase the wire feed speed.
S3, real-time temperature information T of molten pool P And the temperature of the central area of the slice layer is T m The difference value between the two is calculated and regulated to be:
V w ′＝V w ±(T P -T m )K p
v in w ' is the regulated wire feed speed, V w To adjust the wire feed speed before K p Is a coefficient.
Through real-time monitoring of the temperature information parameters of the molten pool, the control processor rapidly processes, compares and analyzes and rapidly adjusts parameters such as wire feeding speed and the like, so that stable heat input in plasma arc additive manufacturing can be realized, the problem of heat accumulation of the molten pool is improved, the local heat input of the molten pool is regulated, heat accumulation is avoided, self-adaptive regulation and stable heat input are realized, the defects of hot crack generation, incomplete melting, air holes and the like are avoided, and high-quality production efficiency is improved.
Example 3, improved formation of the workpiece during additive manufacturing, reduced defects. It is known from the related literature and experiments that the arc stirs the molten pool to a certain extent to improve the forming of the workpiece, and the alternating magnetic field can stir the molten pool and refine grains to improve the mechanical property of the formed part. The invention obtains slice layer temperature distribution through a thermal imager, and a control processor transmits instructions to a magnetic control plasma arc device to change the shape and position of a plasma arc by adjusting the exciting current, controls the plasma arc to deflect in a certain radian and frequency, stirs a molten pool, obtains molten pool temperature information through a thermometer, and controls the processor to adjust the wire feeding speed of a wire feeding device, change the problem of thermal accumulation of the molten pool, adjust the local heat input of the molten pool, refine grains and improve the forming of a workpiece.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement or combination, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A heat input adjusting method for magnetic control plasma arc additive manufacturing comprises a plasma welding gun, a magnetic control swing electric arc device, an infrared thermometer, an infrared thermal imager and a control processor, and is characterized in that: the infrared thermal imager acquires temperature distribution of a slice layer in real time, is divided into left, middle and right temperature characteristics, and a control processor adjusts exciting current according to the temperature distribution information of the slice layer to change the position form of a plasma arc and adjust heat uniform distribution; in addition, the infrared thermometer acquires the temperature information of the molten pool in real time, the temperature analysis of the molten pool at the middle part of the comparison slice layer is fed back to the control processor, the wire feeding speed is regulated, the problem of heat accumulation of the molten pool is changed, and the local heat input of the molten pool is regulated.
2. The method for adjusting heat input in magnetron plasma arc additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the step of feeding back and adjusting temperature distribution information of the slice layer is as follows: s1, acquiring real-time temperature distribution information of a slice layer through a thermal infrared imager, wherein the temperature of a central area of the slice layer is T m The temperature of the left area of the slice layer is recorded as T L The temperature of the right area of the slice layer is recorded as T R The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the S2, if T m >T L Adjusting exciting current, and magnetically controlling the swing arc device to enable the arc to deviate left, if T m >T R And adjusting exciting current, and enabling the arc to deflect right by the magnetic control swinging arc device.
3. The method for adjusting the heat input in the magnetron plasma arc additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps of feeding back and adjusting the wire feeding speed by using the temperature information of the molten pool are as follows: s1, acquiring temperature information of a molten pool in real time through an infrared thermometer, and recordingIs T P The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the S2, if T P >T m Controlling the processor system to adjust the wire feeding structure to reduce the wire feeding speed, if T P <T m The control processor system adjusts the wire feed structure to increase the wire feed speed.
4. A method for adjusting heat input in magnetron plasma arc additive manufacturing according to claim 3, wherein the bath real-time temperature information T P And the temperature of the central area of the slice layer is T m The difference value between the two is calculated and regulated to be:
V w ′＝V w ±(T P -T m )K p
v in w ' is the regulated wire feed speed, V w To adjust the wire feed speed before K p Is a coefficient.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310566155.0A CN116727809A (en) | 2023-05-19 | 2023-05-19 | Heat input adjusting method for magnetic control plasma arc additive manufacturing |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310566155.0A CN116727809A (en) | 2023-05-19 | 2023-05-19 | Heat input adjusting method for magnetic control plasma arc additive manufacturing |
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| CN116727809A true CN116727809A (en) | 2023-09-12 |
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| CN202310566155.0A Pending CN116727809A (en) | 2023-05-19 | 2023-05-19 | Heat input adjusting method for magnetic control plasma arc additive manufacturing |
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| CN (1) | CN116727809A (en) |
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2023
- 2023-05-19 CN CN202310566155.0A patent/CN116727809A/en active Pending
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