CN116724448A - 圆筒形电池 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种圆筒形电池,在外装罐的开口端部具有外部端子,该外部端子具有与封口体不同的极性,并且与外部引线的连接容易。本公开的一方式的圆筒形电池(10)具备:包含正极(11)以及负极(12)的电极体(14);收容电极体(14)且与正极(11)以及负极(12)的任意一方连接的有底圆筒状的外装罐(16);和与正极(11)以及负极(12)的另一方连接的封口体(17),外装罐(16)具有凹槽部(23),且开口端部(16a)向径向外侧延伸出,封口体(17)隔着衬垫(18)铆接固定于与开口端部(16a)接合的按压构件(24)与凹槽部(23)之间。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及圆筒形电池。
背景技术
以往,广泛已知一种圆筒形电池,在有底圆筒状的外装罐中收容电极体,将外装罐的开口用封口体堵塞(例如,参照专利文献1、2)。一般而言,外装罐具有侧面的一部分向内侧伸出的凹槽部,外装罐的开口端部向内侧弯曲,通过将介于凹槽部与开口端部之间存在的衬垫在上下方向上进行压缩,来将封口体铆接固定。此外,从电极体中所含的正极和负极各自突出正极引线和负极引线,例如封口体与正极引线连接而成为正极外部端子,外装罐与负极引线连接而成为负极外部端子。
在先技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:JP特开2009-152031号公报
专利文献2:JP特表2010-512638号公报
发明内容
-发明所要解决的课题-
然而,在连接多个圆筒形电池来形成电池模块的情况下,在封口体和外装罐分别连接外部引线,通过外部引线来将多个圆筒形电池相互连接。为了缩短电池间的连接距离,外部引线有时与位于电池的封口体侧的外装罐的开口端部和相邻的电池的封口体连接。在现有的电池中,由于外装罐的开口端部短,因此,在开口端部连接外部引线时的作业性并不好。此外,若要延长开口端部来使作业性提升,则无法在开口端部均匀地压缩衬垫,会产生皱折、起伏而开口端部的平坦性变差,无法在作为外部端子的开口端部稳定地连接外部引线。
为此,本公开的目的在于,提供一种在外装罐的开口端部具有具有与封口体不同的极性且与外部引线的连接容易的外部端子的圆筒形电池。
-用于解决课题的手段-
本公开的一方式的圆筒形电池具备:电极体,其包含正极以及负极;外装罐,其收容电极体,与正极以及负极的任意一方连接,为有底圆筒状;和封口体,其与正极以及负极的另一方连接,外装罐具有凹槽部,且开口端部向径向外侧延伸出,封口体隔着衬垫铆接固定于与开口端部接合的按压构件与凹槽部之间。
-发明效果-
根据本公开的一方式的圆筒形电池,将开口端部向径向外侧延伸出,并在开口端部接合按压构件。通过将外部引线与按压构件或开口端部的平坦面连接,按压构件或开口端部作为具有与封口体不同的极性的外部端子发挥功能。本公开的一方式所涉及的按压构件以及开口端部由于与现有的圆筒形电池的外装罐的开口端部相比更容易确保平坦性、面积,因此,能在外装罐的开口端部形成具有与封口体不同的极性且外部引线的连接容易的外部端子。
附图说明
图1是实施方式的一例的圆筒形电池的纵向剖视图。
图2是将图1中的外装罐的上端的一部分放大后的图。
图3是实施方式的另一例中的与图2对应的图。
具体实施方式
以下,参照附图来详细说明本公开所涉及的圆筒形电池的实施方式的一例。图1是实施方式的一例的圆筒形电池10的纵向剖视图。
如图1所示那样,圆筒形电池10具备:电极体14;收容电极体14以及电解质(未图示)的有底圆筒状的外装罐16;和将外装罐16的开口隔着衬垫18堵塞的封口体17。电极体14包含正极11、负极12和分隔件13,具有正极11和负极12隔着分隔件13漩涡状卷绕的构造。另外,以下,为了方便说明,将沿着外装罐16的轴向的方向设为“纵向或上下方向”,将封口体17侧设为“上”,将外装罐16的底面侧设为“下”来进行说明。此外,将与外装罐16的轴向垂直的方向设为“水平方向或径向”,将外装罐16的径向内侧设为内侧,将径向外侧设为外侧来进行说明。
正极11具有:正极芯体;和形成于该芯体的至少一面的正极合剂层。正极芯体使用铝、铝合金等在正极11的电位范围内稳定的金属的箔、在表层配置该金属的薄膜等。正极合剂层包含正极活性物质、乙炔黑等导电剂、以及聚偏氟乙烯等粘合剂,优选形成在正极芯体的两面。正极活性物质例如使用锂过渡金属复合氧化物等。
负极12具有:负极芯体;和形成于该芯体的至少一面的负极合剂层。负极芯体能使用铜、铜合金等在负极12的电位范围内稳定的金属的箔、在表层配置该金属的薄膜等。负极合剂层包含负极活性物质、以及苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶(SBR)等粘合剂,优选形成于负极芯体的两面。负极活性物质例如使用石墨、含硅化合物等。
电解质可以是水系电解质,也可以是非水电解质。此外,可以是液体电解质、固体电解质的任一者。在本实施方式中,使用非水电解质。非水电解质包含非水溶剂和溶解于非水溶剂的电解质盐。作为非水溶剂,例如能使用酯类、醚类、腈类、酰胺类以及这些的2种以上的混合溶剂。非水溶剂也可以含有将这些溶剂的氢的至少一部分用氟等卤素原子取代的卤素取代体。电解质盐例如使用LiPFb等锂盐。
圆筒形电池10具备分别配置于电极体14的上下的绝缘板19、20。外装罐16与正极11以及负极12的任意一方连接,封口体17与正极11以及负极12的另一方连接。在图1所示的示例中,与正极11连接的正极引线21经过绝缘板19的贯通孔而延伸到封口体17侧,与负极12连接的负极引线22经过绝缘板20的外侧而延伸到外装罐16的底面侧。正极引线21通过焊接等与封口体17的底板即内部端子板25连接,与内部端子板25电连接的封口体17的断裂板26成为正极外部端子。负极引线22通过焊接等与外装罐16的底面的内表面连接,外装罐16成为负极外部端子。另外,负极引线也可以与封口体17的内表面连接,正极引线与外装罐16的内表面连接。在该情况下,封口体17成为负极外部端子,外装罐16成为正极外部端子。
外装罐16是轴向一端(上端)开口的金属制容器,底面呈现圆板状,侧面沿着底面的外周缘形成为圆筒状。封口体17形成为与外装罐16的开口的形状对应的圆板状。衬垫18是树脂制的环状构件,确保电池内部的密闭性,并且确保外装罐16以及封口体17的电绝缘。
外装罐16具有侧面从外侧向内侧伸出的凹槽部23。凹槽部23通过来自侧面的外侧的旋压加工而沿着外装罐16的周向环状地形成。此外,外装罐16将开口的缘部向外侧弯折,开口端部16a向径向外侧延伸出。详细后述,但在开口端部16a接合按压构件24,在按压构件24与凹槽部23之间夹持封口体17。此外,在本实施方式中,按压构件24具有导电性。
封口体17是具备电流切断机构的圆板状的构件。封口体17具有从电极体14侧起依次层叠内部端子板25、绝缘板27以及断裂板26的构造。内部端子板25是包含连接正极引线21的环状部25a、以及在电池的内压超过给定的阈值时从环状部25a切离的薄壁的中央部25b的金属板。在环状部25a形成通气孔25c。
断裂板26夹着绝缘板27与内部端子板25对置配置。在绝缘板27,分别在径向中央部形成开口27a,在与内部端子板25的通气孔25c重叠的部分形成通气孔27b。断裂板26具有在电池的内压超过给定的阈值时断裂的阀部26a,阀部26a经过绝缘板27的开口27a通过焊接等与内部端子板25的中央部25b连接。绝缘板27将环状部25a和阀部26a的与中央部25b的连接部分以外的部分绝缘。
阀部26a在电池的内侧包含凸的下凸部以及形成于下凸部的周围的薄壁部,形成于断裂板26的径向中央部。在圆筒形电池10中,通过将连接正极引线21的内部端子板25和断裂板26电连接,来形成从电极体14连到断裂板26的电流路径。若在电池中发生异常而内压上升,则内部端子板25断裂,从而中央部25b从环状部25a切离,阀部26a凸向电池的上方地变形。由此,电流路径被切断。若电池的内压进一步上升,则阀部26a断裂,形成气体的排出口。
另外,封口体的构造并不限定于图1所示的构造。封口体也可以具有包含2片阀体的层叠构造,还可以具有覆盖阀体的凸状的封口体帽。
圆筒形电池10例如将多个串联连接来模块化。在包含本实施方式的圆筒形电池10的电池模块中,外部引线通过焊接等与导电性的按压构件24以及封口体17连接。通过将外部引线与按压构件24连接,和将外部引线与外装罐16的底面连接的情况相比,能缩短电池间的连接距离。
以下,参照图2来详细说明外装罐16的上端处的封口体17的铆接固定构造。图2是将图1中的外装罐的上端的一部分放大后的图。
如图2所示那样,凹槽部23具有截面大致U字形状,在其上表面支承封口体17。凹槽部23的长度L1例如为0.5~3mm。在此,所谓凹槽部23的长度L1,是指从侧面到凹槽部23的内端23a的沿着外装罐16的径向的长度。只要凹槽部23的长度L1为该范围内,则能确保外装罐16的机械强度的同时,稳定地支承封口体17。
开口端部16a将外装罐16的开口缘部(上端部)向外侧折弯而形成,向径向外侧大致水平地延伸出。开口端部16a的长度L2例如为0.5~3mm。在此,所谓开口端部16a的长度L2,是指从外装罐16的侧面到端部的沿着径向的长度。开口端部16a与凹槽部23同样地沿着外装罐16的周向形成为环状。
按压构件24是平坦的板。按压构件24的厚度例如为0.05~0.5mm。按压构件24的一端侧与开口端部16a接合,按压构件24的另一端侧隔着衬垫18从上方按压封口体17的周缘部。封口体17使下部被凹槽部23支承,铆接固定于按压构件24与凹槽部23之间。通过作为按压构件24而使用平坦性高且面积大的板,在将圆筒形电池10模块化时,容易在作为外部端子的按压构件24连接外部引线。由此,外装罐16与外部引线之间的连接的稳定性和作业性提升。
按压构件24的外端24a的位置并没有特别限定,例如可以如图2所示那样,外装罐16的上端与外端24a大致对齐。此外,通过使外端24a位于比外装罐16的上端更靠外侧,按压构件24的面积变大,外装罐16与外部引线之间的连接的稳定性和作业性更加提升。另外,在外端24a位于外装罐16的侧面附近、开口端部16a的上表面露出的情况下,能将外部引线与开口端部16a连接。
关于按压构件24的内端24b的位置,只要按压构件24隔着衬垫18以合适的压力从上方按压封口体17,则没有特别限定,例如,也可以如图2所示那样,是比凹槽部23的内端23a更靠外侧。
按压构件24优选为金属制。由此,按压构件24具有良好的导电性且能以合适的压力从上方按压封口体。
按压构件24也可以是环形状的板构件。由此,能沿着外装罐16的周向大致均匀地从上方按压封口体17。按压构件24的外形例如外径为30mm,中空钻孔为
按压构件24与开口端部16a的接合方法例如能使用焊接方法以及粘接方法等。作为焊接方法,能举出激光焊接以及电阻焊接等,优选激光焊接。作为粘接方法,能举出使用粘接剂、焊料的方法。作为粘接剂,优选具有导电性的粘接剂。也可以加大按压构件24的表面粗糙度来使焊接性提升。
按压构件24的材质优选与外装罐16的材质的主要成分相同。由此,按压构件24与开口端部16a容易通过激光焊接进行接合。例如,按压构件24以及开口端部16a的材质可以是钢板材料。此外,该钢板材料的表面例如也可以进行镍等的镀覆处理。
此外,如图3所示那样,按压构件24也可以具有弯曲部24c。图3是实施方式的另一例中的与图2对应的图。由此,由于能增大按压构件24按压封口体17的压力,因此,电池内部的密闭性更加提升。另外,在图3中,外部引线可以与开口端部16a的上表面露出的部分连接,也可以与按压构件24的表面连接。
接下来,参照图1来说明圆筒形电池10的制造方法的一例。首先,以在包含钢板材料的有底圆筒状的外装罐16的上端附近形成90°的折弯部的状态来进行压制加工,将上端修剪,来在径向外侧形成长度0.5~3mm的开口端部16a。接下来,在电极体14的上下分别配置绝缘板19、20,并收容到外装罐16中。将负极引线22焊接在外装罐16的底部,在外装罐16的侧面通过压制来形成凹槽部23。之后,在正极引线21焊接封口体17,对外装罐16的内部注液适量的非水电解质。注液后,在凹槽部23的上部收容衬垫18和封口体17,用环形状的按压构件24的内端侧将衬垫18压缩,并且将按压构件24和开口端部16a进行激光焊接,由此能制作圆筒形电池。
如以上那样,在圆筒形电池10中,外装罐16的开口端部16a向径向外侧延伸出,封口体17隔着衬垫18铆接固定于与开口端部16a接合的按压构件24与凹槽部23之间。根据圆筒形电池10,由于能充分确保按压构件24或开口端部16a中的外部引线的连接面积,因此,在将圆筒形电池10模块化时,外装罐与外部引线之间的连接的稳定性和作业性提升。
-符号说明-
10:圆筒形电池、11:正极、12:负极、13:分隔件、14:电极体、16:外装罐、16a:开口端部、17:封口体、18:衬垫、19、20:绝缘板、21:正极引线、22:负极引线、23:凹槽部、23a:内端、24:按压构件、24a:外端、24b:内端、24c:弯曲部、25:内部端子板、25a:环状部、25b:中央部、25c:通气孔、26:断裂板、26a:阀部、27:绝缘板、27a:开口、27b:通气孔。
Claims (4)
1.一种圆筒形电池,具备:
电极体,其包含正极以及负极;
外装罐,其收容所述电极体,与所述正极以及所述负极的任意一方连接,为有底圆筒状;和
封口体,其与所述正极以及所述负极的另一方连接,
所述外装罐具有凹槽部,且开口端部向径向外侧延伸出,
所述封口体隔着衬垫铆接固定于与所述开口端部接合的按压构件与所述凹槽部之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的圆筒形电池,其中,
所述按压构件是金属制。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的圆筒形电池,其中,
所述按压构件是环形状的板构件。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的圆筒形电池,其中,
所述按压构件的材质与所述外装罐的材质的主要成分相同。
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