CN116723500A - Feedback method, device and system for channel state information based on reconfigurable refractive super surface - Google Patents

Feedback method, device and system for channel state information based on reconfigurable refractive super surface Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116723500A
CN116723500A CN202210105576.9A CN202210105576A CN116723500A CN 116723500 A CN116723500 A CN 116723500A CN 202210105576 A CN202210105576 A CN 202210105576A CN 116723500 A CN116723500 A CN 116723500A
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base station
channel
reconfigurable
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rate
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曾书豪
张泓亮
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Hangzhou Feifei Technology Co ltd
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Hangzhou Feifei Technology Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00—Network data management
    • H04W8/22—Processing or transfer of terminal data, e.g. status or physical capabilities
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a feedback method, a device and a system of channel state information based on a reconfigurable refractive super surface, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the user receives a data packet sent by the base station, wherein the data packet contains pilot frequency data; estimating the latest channel information from the base station to the user according to the pilot frequency data; compressing the latest channel information to obtain latest channel compressed information; respectively calculating a first rate of the next data packet transmission of the base station under the condition that the latest channel compression information is not fed back to the base station, and a second rate of the next data packet transmission of the base station under the condition that the latest channel compression information is fed back to the base station; if the first rate is better than the second rate, the latest channel information is not fed back to the base station; otherwise, feeding back the latest channel information to the base station. The invention can reach the tradeoff between the accuracy of the channel state information and the occupied time of the channel information transmission, thereby maximizing the data transmission rate of the base station to the user.

Description

Feedback method, device and system for channel state information based on reconfigurable refractive super surface
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electronics, in particular to a feedback method, a device and a system for channel state information based on a reconfigurable refractive super surface.
Background
Massive MIMO is an important component of future wireless communications. Conventional phased array antennas are used in existing massive MIMO systems to implement beamforming. However, the conventional phased array has the disadvantages of high power consumption and high manufacturing cost. In order to solve this problem, recently, reconfigurable reflective super-surface antennas have been proposed. However, this antenna has the following disadvantages: the feed source can produce a certain shielding effect on reflected waves, so that the antenna has low radiation efficiency. For this purpose, reconfigurable refractive ultra-surface (denoted RRS) antennas have been proposed. The radiation efficiency of the reconfigurable refractive super-surface antenna is higher than that of the traditional reconfigurable reflective super-surface antenna because the reconfigurable refractive super-surface has no feed source shielding problem. However, there are studies on reconfigurable refractive ultra-surface antennas, which are basically under study on how to design the antennas so as to optimize the metrics related to the antennas, such as bandwidth, loss, etc., without considering the RRS antenna-based communication system.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems, the invention discloses a feedback method, a device and a system for channel state information based on a reconfigurable refraction super surface.
The technical scheme of the invention comprises the following steps:
the channel state information feedback method based on the reconfigurable refraction super surface is suitable for a communication system formed by a base station using a reconfigurable refraction super surface antenna and a user using a single antenna, wherein the reconfigurable refraction super surface antenna consists of a feed source and the reconfigurable refraction super surface, and the method comprises the following steps of:
the user receives a data packet sent by the base station, wherein the data packet contains pilot frequency data;
estimating the latest channel information from the base station to the user according to the pilot frequency data;
compressing the latest channel information to obtain latest channel compressed information;
respectively calculating a first rate of the next data packet transmission of the base station under the condition that the latest channel compression information is not fed back to the base station, and a second rate of the next data packet transmission of the base station under the condition that the latest channel compression information is fed back to the base station;
if the first rate is better than the second rate, the latest channel information is not fed back to the base station; otherwise, feeding back the latest channel information to the base station.
Further, the cells in the reconfigurable refractive supersurface are configured by:
1) Constructing a first optimization problem, wherein an objective function is a communication rate, and an optimization variable is the number of units contained in a subarray of the reconfigurable refraction super-surface, wherein the subarray consists of a plurality of units, the number of units contained in each subarray is the same, and the states of the units in the subarray are the same;
2) Solving the first optimization problem to obtain the optimal unit number contained in the subarrays;
3) And carrying out subarray arrangement by using the optimal number of cells contained in the subarray so as to configure the cells in the reconfigurable refraction super surface.
Further, the latest channel information is compressed using an optimal quantization bit number a, wherein the optimal quantization bit number a is obtained by:
1) Constructing a second optimization problem, wherein the objective function is the optimal second rate, and the optimization variable is the quantized bit number A;
2) And optimizing the quantized bit number A by adopting a mathematical method to obtain the optimal quantized bit number A.
Further, the data packet further includes: and the transmission matrix T and the beam forming matrix W of the reconfigurable refraction super surface respectively represent the results of re-optimizing the transmission matrix and the beam forming matrix according to the latest channel compression information fed back by the user by the base station.
Further, the first rate is calculated by:
1) Reading a channel from memory at the n-th carrier frequency of the reconfigurable refractive subsurface to the userAnd calculate outReconfigurable refractive subsurface to channel +.>Wherein t is 0 T is the time of last feedback of the latest channel compression information for the user 1 A time of receiving the data packet for the user;
2) Channel-basedChannel->Channel +.f. of transmission matrix T, feed to n-th carrier frequency of reconfigurable refractive supersurface>The wave beam forming matrix W calculates the noise power P caused by different channels h ；
3) According to noise power P h Noise power P of user received signal v Power P of useful signal in received signal s Calculating the signal to noise ratio gamma i ；
4) Based on signal-to-noise ratio gamma i And a channel bandwidth B of the reconfigurable refractive subsurface to the user, a first rate is calculated.
Further, the second rate is calculated by:
1) Calculating a channel from the reconfigurable refractive subsurface to the nth carrier frequency of the user based on the latest channel information and the latest channel compression information, respectivelyAnd channel->Wherein t is 1 A time of receiving the data packet for the user;
2) According to the channelChannel->Transmission matrix T', channel of feed source to n-th carrier frequency of reconfigurable refractive supersurface +.>The wave beam forming matrix W ' calculates the noise power P ' caused by different channels ' h The transmission matrix T 'and the beam forming matrix W' respectively represent the re-optimized results of the transmission matrix and the beam forming matrix according to the latest channel compression information by the base station;
3) Based on noise power P' h Noise power P of user received signal v Power P of useful signal in received signal s Calculating the signal to noise ratio gamma' i ；
4) By means of signal-to-noise ratio gamma' i Calculating a communication rate C' i;
5) According to the communication rate C' i And feeding back the average time interval of the latest channel compressed information and the time occupied by the latest channel compressed information twice to obtain the second rate.
Further, a termination feedback mark is fed back under the condition that the latest channel information is not fed back to the base station; and under the condition of feeding back the latest channel information to the base station, feeding back a continuous feedback identification.
A storage medium having a computer program stored therein, wherein the computer program is arranged to perform any of the methods described above when run.
An electronic device comprising a memory having a computer program stored therein and a processor arranged to run the computer program to perform any of the methods described above.
A feedback system based on channel state information of a reconfigurable refractive subsurface, comprising:
a base station using a reconfigurable refractive subsurface antenna for transmitting data packets, wherein the data packets contain pilot data, and the reconfigurable refractive subsurface antenna is composed of a feed source and a reconfigurable refractive subsurface;
a user using a single antenna for estimating the latest channel information from the base station to the user based on the pilot data; compressing the latest channel information to obtain latest channel compressed information; respectively calculating a first rate of the next data packet transmission of the base station under the condition that the latest channel compression information is not fed back to the base station, and a second rate of the next data packet transmission of the base station under the condition that the latest channel compression information is fed back to the base station; if the first rate is better than the second rate, the latest channel information is not fed back to the base station; otherwise, feeding back the latest channel information to the base station.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can reach the tradeoff between the accuracy of the channel state information and the occupied time of the channel information transmission, thereby maximizing the data transmission rate of the base station to the user.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a reconfigurable refractive subsurface antenna.
Fig. 2 is a communication system based on a reconfigurable refractive ultra-surface antenna.
Fig. 3 signal transmission protocol between base station and user.
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing simulation results of the present invention with those of the prior art.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
1. Reconfigurable refractive ultra-surface (RRS) antenna
The reconfigurable refractive subsurface antenna is composed of multiple feeds and a refractive subsurface. As shown in fig. 1, a refractive supersurface is an array of multiple sub-wavelength units. Each cell has a PIN diode which can be switched ON and OFF by adjusting the bias voltage across the diode. After the signals are incident on the individual cells, refraction occurs. By adjusting the state of the diode on the cell, the phase of the refracted wave can be changed.
The reconfigurable refractive ultra-surface antenna performs the beamforming process: after the signals emitted by the feed source are incident on each unit, refraction can occur, and the super-surface units can apply certain phase shift to the signals in the refraction process. By adjusting the bias voltage on the diode, the refractive phase shift of the cell is reasonably set, thereby realizing beamforming.
2. Communication system based on reconfigurable refractive ultra-surface antenna
As shown in fig. 2, the system includes a base station using RRS antennas and a user using a single antenna. Let RRS have K feeds, M radiating elements, and the transmitted signal contains N carriers. The refractive amplitude and phase shift of the (m, n) th element are denoted as A respectively m,n Andthe refractive index of the cell can be written +.>When the state of the cell changes, the phase shift of the cell may vary within a range of (0, 2 pi). The base station communicates with the user in the form of data packets. The transmission signal of a data packet on the nth carrier can be written as a K x L dimensional matrix S n Where the kth line represents the transmission signal of the kth feed and L represents the length of one packet. The received signal of the user at the nth carrier frequency can be expressed as:
wherein the method comprises the steps ofRepresenting the channel at the nth carrier frequency from RRS to user, T represents the transmission matrix of RRS with diagonal elements being the transmission coefficients of each cell of RRS, the remaining elements being 0, (-)>Representing the channel from the feed to the nth carrier frequency of the RRS, W has K x K dimensions and is a digital beamforming matrix. v is noise of the receiving end, and the noise power is P v 。
3. Design of subarrays of reconfigurable refractive supersurfaces
The subarray of the subsurface is composed of a plurality of units in the array of the subsurface, and the unit requirements in one subarray are equal. The larger the subarray, the smaller the amount of channel state information, but at the same time the lower the communication rate. The communication rate R is ensured while compressing the channel state information by reasonably designing the size of the subarrays of the reconfigurable refractive super surface. To solve this problem, we model the problem as an optimization problem. The objective function of the optimization problem is the size of the super-surface subarray, and the optimization variable is the size of the super-surface subarray. Can be written specifically as
s.t.C≥C thr
Wherein C is the maximum communication rate obtained by optimizing the state of each subarray in the array when the size of the ultra-surface subarray is M, C thr Refers to a threshold value of the communication rate.
4. Feedback method, device and system for channel state information
First, a signal transmission protocol between a base station and a user in the system will be described. As shown in fig. 3, the boxes in the figure represent one packet, and the lengths of different packets are different. First, the base station transmits a Request signal (Request) to the user, and then the user estimates the channel dataTo a base station (CSI). The base station then optimizes the transmission matrix T and the digital beamforming matrix W using the channel information H to maximize the transmission rate, and then transmits a Data packet (Data) to the user according to the optimized T and W, with pilot Data in the Data packet (Data).
After each time a user receives a data packet, the user first estimates the latest channel data H by using the data packet, and then determines whether the latest channel data needs to be fed back to the base station (the determination method will be described in the following section). If not, the user will send an acknowledgement signal ACK0 to the base station, which will then continue the transmission of data packets. If the user considers that new channel data needs to be fed back to the base station, the user sends an acknowledgement signal ACK1 to the base station, then the base station sends a request signal, and the user sends the measured channel data to the base station.
Since the Request packet, ACK0 packet and ACK1 packet are very short in length, we assume that these packets occupy a time period of 0 when considering the problem. The length of the data packet is L bits. Assuming that the signal-to-noise ratio of the channel is gamma, the instantaneous transmission rate of the data packet is
C＝Blog 2 (1+γ),
Where B is the channel bandwidth. Thus, one packet occupies L/C.
For CSI packets, his length is related to the data amount of channel data. It is assumed that the channel between a single radiating element and a user under a certain carrier is represented by a bit (a represents the degree of compression the smaller a, the higher the degree of compression the worse the quantization accuracy). Then one CSI packet has length L c =amn. In addition, assuming that the transmission rate of the CSI packet is R, the occupation duration of one CSI packet is L c /R。
The method for judging the channel feedback is described later. The channel may change over time. If the user returns the Data packet CSI containing the channel Data test result H to the base station every time the user receives a Data packet, the Data packet CSI takes a certain time, which results in a decrease in the communication rate, so that the frequency of channel Data feedback needs to be properly reduced. In addition, if the complete channel data H is transmitted, the time taken for the packet CSI is too long, which may result in a decrease in the communication rate. If the compression of the channel data H is too high, although the time taken by the data packet CSI decreases, the base station cannot obtain accurate channel data, which also causes a decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio γ and a decrease in the communication rate, so that a suitable channel data compression method needs to be selected.
Assume that the time t when the last user sends the CSI data packet to the base station is 0 The current time when the user receives the Data packet Data is t 1 The intermediate time interval Δt=t 1 -t 0 . For ease of analysis, assume that at t 0 And the time user sends accurate channel data to the base station. If the user does not send channel data to the base station, then at t 1 At this time, the base station will assume the current channel sum t 0 The channels at the time instants are equal. Then the noise power due to the different channels can be expressed as
Wherein,,and->Respectively, t measured by the user 0 Time and t 1 And the channel corresponding to the nth carrier from the RRS to the user at the moment.
So t 1 The signal-to-noise ratio at the moment is
Wherein P is s Is the power of the useful signal in the received signal.
The communication rate is
C 1 ＝Wlog 2 (1+γ 1 )
Conversely, if the user transmits channel data H' (t) with quantized bit number a 1 ) For the base station, then the corresponding noise power is
Wherein the channelIs H' (t) 1 ) In particular, the channel +.>After compression, the resulting channel.
So t 1 The signal-to-noise ratio at the moment is
The communication rate is
C′ 2 ＝Wlog 2 (1+γ′ 2 )
But takes additional time L due to the transmission of CSI packets c R, the actual communication rate will be lower than C' 2 . Let the average interval between two transmitted CSI packets be T, then the actual communication rate is
Note that C 'in the above formula' 2 And L c Are all related to a. By means of enumeration, the optimal A (optimal compression degree) can be found, so that the actual communication rate is maximized, which is recorded as
By comparison of C 1 Andit can be determined whether to feed back the CSI packet to the base station and the compression degree of the channel data in the CSI packet. Specifically, if->Then ACK0 is sent. Otherwise, ACK1 is sent.
Experimental data
The simulation environment of this experiment is as follows: the base station transmit power was set at 43dBm, the variance of additive white gaussian noise was set at-96 dBm, the operating frequency of the system was set at 26GHz, the spacing between the user and the super surface array (or phased array) was 200m, and the user used an omni-directional antenna for receiving the signal.
In this simulation environment, for the present invention, it is assumed that there are 4 feeds, each of which is an omni-directional antenna, and is spaced 0.1m from the super-surface array. Let the cell transmittance be 1 and the cell size beWhere λ is the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the system. For the conventional phased array, 4 small phased arrays are used as the base station antennas, the spacing between the antenna elements is set to half wavelength, and the antenna elements are assumed to be all omni-directional antennas.
When the maximum power consumption of the antenna is 30W, the speed of the invention and the traditional phased array is simulated to change along with the coherence time of a channel. From the simulation results of fig. 4, it can be seen that the reconfigurable refractive super surface antenna can bring about a greater rate than the conventional phased array.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The channel state information feedback method based on the reconfigurable refraction super surface is suitable for a communication system formed by a base station using a reconfigurable refraction super surface antenna and a user using a single antenna, wherein the reconfigurable refraction super surface antenna consists of a feed source and the reconfigurable refraction super surface, and the method comprises the following steps of:
the user receives a data packet sent by the base station, wherein the data packet contains pilot frequency data;
estimating the latest channel information from the base station to the user according to the pilot frequency data;
compressing the latest channel information to obtain latest channel compressed information;
respectively calculating a first rate of the next data packet transmission of the base station under the condition that the latest channel compression information is not fed back to the base station, and a second rate of the next data packet transmission of the base station under the condition that the latest channel compression information is fed back to the base station;
if the first rate is better than the second rate, the latest channel information is not fed back to the base station; otherwise, feeding back the latest channel information to the base station.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the cells in the reconfigurable refractive subsurface are configured by:
1) Constructing a first optimization problem, wherein an objective function is a communication rate, and an optimization variable is the number of units contained in a subarray of the reconfigurable refraction super-surface, wherein the subarray consists of a plurality of units, the number of units contained in each subarray is the same, and the states of the units in the subarray are the same;
2) Solving the first optimization problem to obtain the optimal unit number contained in the subarrays;
3) And carrying out subarray arrangement by using the optimal number of cells contained in the subarray so as to configure the cells in the reconfigurable refraction super surface.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the latest channel information is compressed using an optimal quantization bit number a, wherein the optimal quantization bit number a is determined by:
1) Constructing a second optimization problem, wherein the objective function is the optimal second rate, and the optimization variable is the quantized bit number A;
2) And optimizing the quantized bit number A by adopting a mathematical method to obtain the optimal quantized bit number A.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the data packet further comprises: and the transmission matrix T and the beam forming matrix W of the reconfigurable refraction super surface respectively represent the results of re-optimizing the transmission matrix and the beam forming matrix according to the latest channel compression information fed back by the user by the base station.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the first rate is calculated by:
1) Reading a channel from memory at the n-th carrier frequency of the reconfigurable refractive subsurface to the userAnd calculates the channel +.f. of the reconfigurable refractive subsurface to the nth carrier frequency of the user>Wherein t is 0 T is the time of last feedback of the latest channel compression information for the user 1 A time of receiving the data packet for the user;
2) Channel-basedChannel->Channel +.f. of transmission matrix T, feed to n-th carrier frequency of reconfigurable refractive supersurface>Beam forming matrix W, calculating different channel leadsNoise power P of the light h ；
3) According to noise power P h Noise power P of user received signal v Power P of useful signal in received signal s Calculating the signal to noise ratio gamma i ；
4) Based on signal-to-noise ratio gamma i And a channel bandwidth B of the reconfigurable refractive subsurface to the user, a first rate is calculated.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the second rate is calculated by:
1) Calculating a channel from the reconfigurable refractive subsurface to the nth carrier frequency of the user based on the latest channel information and the latest channel compression information, respectivelyAnd channel->Wherein t is 1 A time of receiving the data packet for the user;
2) According to the channelChannel->Transmission matrix T', channel of feed source to n-th carrier frequency of reconfigurable refractive supersurface +.>The wave beam forming matrix W ' calculates the noise power P ' caused by different channels ' h The transmission matrix T 'and the beam forming matrix W' respectively represent the re-optimized results of the transmission matrix and the beam forming matrix according to the latest channel compression information by the base station;
3) Based on noise power P' h Noise power P of user received signal v Power P of useful signal in received signal s Calculating the signal to noise ratio gamma' i ；
4) By means of signal-to-noise ratio gamma' i Calculating a communication rate C' i ；
5) According to the communication rate C' i And feeding back the average time interval of the latest channel compressed information and the time occupied by the latest channel compressed information twice to obtain the second rate.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein a termination feedback flag is fed back without feeding back the latest channel information to a base station; and under the condition of feeding back the latest channel information to the base station, feeding back a continuous feedback identification.
8. A storage medium having a computer program stored therein, wherein the computer program is arranged to perform the method of any of claims 1-7 when run.
9. An electronic device comprising a memory, in which a computer program is stored, and a processor arranged to run the computer program to perform the method of any of claims 1-7.
10. A feedback system based on channel state information of a reconfigurable refractive subsurface, comprising:
a base station using a reconfigurable refractive subsurface antenna for transmitting data packets, wherein the data packets contain pilot data, and the reconfigurable refractive subsurface antenna is composed of a feed source and a reconfigurable refractive subsurface;
a user using a single antenna for estimating the latest channel information from the base station to the user based on the pilot data; compressing the latest channel information to obtain latest channel compressed information; respectively calculating a first rate of the next data packet transmission of the base station under the condition that the latest channel compression information is not fed back to the base station, and a second rate of the next data packet transmission of the base station under the condition that the latest channel compression information is fed back to the base station; if the first rate is better than the second rate, the latest channel information is not fed back to the base station; otherwise, feeding back the latest channel information to the base station.
CN202210105576.9A 2022-01-28 2022-01-28 Feedback method, device and system for channel state information based on reconfigurable refractive super surface Pending CN116723500A (en)

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