CN116437431A - Cellular communication power distribution method based on reconfigurable refractive super surface - Google Patents

Cellular communication power distribution method based on reconfigurable refractive super surface Download PDF

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CN116437431A
CN116437431A CN202210001725.7A CN202210001725A CN116437431A CN 116437431 A CN116437431 A CN 116437431A CN 202210001725 A CN202210001725 A CN 202210001725A CN 116437431 A CN116437431 A CN 116437431A
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refractive
channel
reconfigurable
base station
cellular
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宋令阳
邸博雅
曾书豪
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Peking University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/06—TPC algorithms
    • H04W52/14—Separate analysis of uplink or downlink
    • H04W52/143—Downlink power control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0426—Power distribution
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
    • H04W52/24—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
    • H04W52/241—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters taking into account channel quality metrics, e.g. SIR, SNR, CIR, Eb/lo
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
    • H04W52/24—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
    • H04W52/242—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters taking into account path loss
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/04—TPC
    • H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
    • H04W52/26—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using transmission rate or quality of service QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W52/265—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using transmission rate or quality of service QoS [Quality of Service] taking into account the quality of service QoS
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a cellular communication power distribution method based on a reconfigurable refractive super surface, which comprises the following steps: acquiring communication system parameters, the communication system parameters comprising: the total transmitting power of the base station and the channel parameters between the feed source and the cellular user; calculating the proportion of the power distributed by the base station to each cellular user to the total transmitting power according to the communication system parameters so as to maximize the channel capacity; the base station allocates total transmit power to each cellular user based on the corresponding said ratio that maximizes the channel capacity. The invention can send data to a plurality of users at the same time, improves the system performance, and maximizes the channel capacity by optimizing the cellular communication power distribution.

Description

Cellular communication power distribution method based on reconfigurable refractive super surface
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electronics, in particular to a cellular communication power distribution method based on a reconfigurable refractive super surface.
Background
Massive MIMO is an important component of future wireless communications. Conventional phased array antennas are used in existing massive MIMO systems to implement beamforming. However, the conventional phased array has the disadvantages of high power consumption and high manufacturing cost. In order to solve this problem, recently, reconfigurable reflective super-surface antennas have been proposed. However, this antenna has the following disadvantages: the feed source can produce a certain shielding effect on reflected waves, so that the antenna has low radiation efficiency. For this purpose, reconfigurable refractive ultra-surface (denoted RRS) antennas have been proposed. The radiation efficiency of the reconfigurable refractive super-surface antenna is higher than that of the traditional reconfigurable reflective super-surface antenna because the reconfigurable refractive super-surface has no feed source shielding problem. However, there are studies on reconfigurable refractive ultra-surface antennas, which are basically under study on how to design the antennas so as to optimize the metrics related to the antennas, such as bandwidth, loss, etc., without considering the RRS antenna-based communication system. Moreover, the existing reconfigurable refractive super surface antennas which only comprise a single feed source are researched, so that the reconfigurable refractive super surface antennas cannot be used in a multi-user system.
The studies in the prior literature B.Di.Et.al., "Hybrid Beamforming for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface based Multi-user Communications: achievable Rates with Limited Discrete Phase Shifts", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications (Volume: 38, issue:8, aug.2020) have been done: in a reflective subsurface assisted multi-user MIMO wireless communication system, how to distribute power among users is done to maximize user rate. In this document, however, a reflective supersurface is used and each transmitting antenna (feed) of the base station is located in the far field of the supersurface. The power allocation method mentioned in this document cannot be directly used to solve the RRS-based cellular communication power allocation problem we consider.
Although the prior literature zhendeng Li, wen Chen, sensor membrane, IEEE, and Huanqing Cao, "Beamforming Design and Power Allocation for Transmissive RMS-based Transmitter Architectures", https:// arxiv. Org/pdf/2107.11013.Pdf relates to RRS and proposes a solution to optimize multi-user power allocation, its subject is not the RRS antenna we consider here, so their proposed solution cannot be used in our scenario. Specifically, the document proposes to use RRS in combination with a feed source to form a transmitter, where the feed source directly transmits a single frequency signal that does not carry data, and the RRS completes both beamforming and digital carrier modulation functions. From this, the study object of this document is distinguished from the RRS antenna we studied in that: the RRS only completes the function of beamforming, the RRS antenna is provided with a plurality of feeds, and the signals transmitted by the feeds carry data.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a cellular communication power allocation method based on a reconfigurable refractive hypersurface, which maximizes the capacity of an additive white gaussian noise channel by optimizing the power allocated to each user.
The technical scheme of the invention comprises the following steps:
the method is suitable for a communication system consisting of a base station provided with a reconfigurable refractive super-surface antenna and S cellular users, wherein the reconfigurable refractive super-surface antenna consists of K feed sources and a reconfigurable refractive super-surface, and comprises the following steps:
acquiring communication system parameters, the communication system parameters comprising: the total transmitting power of the base station and the channel parameters between the feed source and the cellular user;
calculating the proportion of the power distributed by the base station to each cellular user to the total transmitting power according to the communication system parameters so as to maximize the channel capacity;
the base station allocates total transmit power to each cellular user based on the corresponding said ratio that maximizes the channel capacity.
Further, the channel parameters include: channel h between feed k and cellular subscriber s (s,k) And channel noise variance.
Further, channel h is obtained by the steps of (s,k) ：
1) Based on road loss
Figure BDA0003454787770000021
Small scale fading coefficient->
Figure BDA0003454787770000022
And refractive index Γ m,n Modeling (m, n) thChannel based on reconfigurable refractive supersurface>
Figure BDA0003454787770000023
Wherein m is the row number of the units in the reconfigurable refractive supersurface and n is the column number of the units in the reconfigurable refractive supersurface;
2) For each channel
Figure BDA0003454787770000024
Summing to obtain channel h (s,k) 。
Further, path loss
Figure BDA0003454787770000025
Where lambda represents the wavelength corresponding to the carrier frequency,
Figure BDA0003454787770000026
antenna gain product in the (m, n) direction of each element, l, representing the receiving antenna of feed k and user s M ×l N For unit size, G I Antenna gain representing a unit, +.>
Figure BDA0003454787770000027
Representing the spacing of feed k to element (m, n), a>
Figure BDA0003454787770000028
Representing the spacing of the user s from the cell (m, n), and α represents the path loss factor.
Further, the refractive index
Figure BDA0003454787770000029
Wherein A is m,n Representing refractive amplitude +.>
Figure BDA00034547877700000210
Representing the phase shift.
Further, the method for calculating the channel capacity comprises the following steps: based on the base station total transmit power, the channel parameters and the ratio.
Further, the corresponding said ratio maximizing the channel capacity is obtained by:
1) Constructing an optimization problem, wherein variables to be optimized comprise: the proportions, the targets to be optimized include: maximizing channel capacity;
2) And solving an optimization problem based on constraint conditions to obtain the corresponding proportion of the maximized channel capacity.
Further, the constraint includes: sigma (sigma) s Λ s =1, where Λ s The power allocated to the base station for the cellular subscriber s is proportional to the total transmit power.
A storage medium having a computer program stored therein, wherein the computer program is arranged to perform the above method when run.
An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a program for performing the above-described method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the reconfigurable refractive super-surface antenna comprises a plurality of feeds which can be used for simultaneously transmitting data to a plurality of users;
2. the reconfigurable refractive ultra-surface antenna is used in the cellular base station, so that the system performance is improved, for example, coverage is increased;
3. the invention maximizes channel capacity and rate by the cellular communication power allocation method.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a reconfigurable refractive subsurface antenna.
Figure 2 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a communication system based on a reconfigurable refractive ultra-surface antenna.
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the experimental results of the present invention with the prior art.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
The reconfigurable refractive subsurface antenna is composed of multiple feeds and a refractive subsurface. As shown in fig. 1, a refractive supersurface is an array of multiple sub-wavelength units. Each cell has a PIN diode which can be switched ON and OFF by adjusting the bias voltage across the diode. After the signals are incident on the individual cells, refraction occurs. By adjusting the state of the diode on the cell, the phase of the refracted wave can be changed. The reconfigurable refractive ultra-surface antenna performs the beamforming process: after the signals emitted by the feed source are incident on each unit, refraction can occur, and the super-surface units can apply certain phase shift to the signals in the refraction process. By adjusting the bias voltage on the diode, the refractive phase shift of the cell is reasonably set, thereby realizing beamforming.
The reconfigurable refractive ultra-surface antenna is used on a cellular base station, and can be enabled to emit a beam with high gain through beamforming, and meanwhile, the beam can be enabled to rotate, so that system performance is improved, for example, coverage is increased.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, fig. 2 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention, and fig. 3 is a communication system based on a reconfigurable refractive ultra-surface antenna. Consider that the communication system is a narrowband downlink network comprising a plurality of users and a base station, the number of users being denoted S. For beamforming, the base station uses a reconfigurable refractive subsurface antenna to efficiently serve users in 120-degree sectors opposite the antenna. In order to be able to transmit data to a plurality of users simultaneously, the reconfigurable refractive ultra-surface antenna is provided with K t And a feed source.
Assuming that the refractive supersurface comprises M x N cells, each cell has a size of l M ×l N . The refractive amplitude and phase shift of the (m, n) th element are denoted as A respectively m,n And
Figure BDA0003454787770000041
the refractive index of the cell can be written +.>
Figure BDA0003454787770000042
Wherein the refractive amplitude A m,n Can be modeled as +.>
Figure BDA0003454787770000043
Representing the angle of incidence from the feed to the element (m, n). Meanwhile, we assume that the phase shift of a cell can be changed within a range of (0, 2 pi) when the state of the cell is changed, regardless of the incident angle.
It is assumed that the channel from the base station feed k to user s consists of mxn metasurface-based channels, where the (M, N) th channel represents the channel from the feed to the user via the (M, N) th metasurface element. We model the (m, n) th from the subsurface-based channel as the product of the path loss, fast fading, and response of the refractive subsurface, namely:
Figure BDA0003454787770000044
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
Figure BDA0003454787770000045
representing road loss; />
Figure BDA0003454787770000046
Represents a small-scale fading coefficient whose mean is 0 and variance is 1, and the corresponding small-scale fades of the respective units are assumed to be independent of each other. Here, the path loss is further modeled:
Figure BDA0003454787770000047
lambda represents a wavelength corresponding to the carrier frequency,
Figure BDA0003454787770000048
represents the product of the antenna gain in the direction of element (m, n) of the transmitting antenna k and the receiving antenna of user s, alpha represents the path loss factor,/>
Figure BDA0003454787770000049
And->
Figure BDA00034547877700000410
Representing the distance between the feed source k and the unit (m, n) and the distance between the user s and the unit (m, n), G I Representing the antenna gain of one radiating element.
To sum up, the channel from the feed source to the user can be written as
Figure BDA00034547877700000411
According to the prior art, an additive white gaussian noise channel capacity can be achieved by dirty paper coding, and this channel capacity can be expressed as
Figure BDA00034547877700000412
Wherein E (-) represents the desired, P T Sigma is the transmit power of the base station 2 Represents the noise variance, Λ s Representing the proportion of the power allocated to user s by the base station to the total transmit power, and has
Figure BDA0003454787770000051
Matrix [ HH ] H ] s,s The s-th row and s-th column elements of (a) are channel h (s,k) 。
Here we model the power allocation problem as an optimization problem: the capacity of the additive white gaussian noise channel is maximized by optimizing the power allocation. The problem can be written specifically as:
Figure BDA0003454787770000052
Figure BDA0003454787770000053
wherein s.t. represents the cause. We solve this problem by mathematical optimization methods.
In one embodiment, the simulation environment is as follows: the base station transmit power was set at 43dBm, the variance of additive white gaussian noise was set at-96 dBm, the operating frequency of the system was set at 26GHz, and assuming a number of users of 2, the two users and the super surface array (or phased array) were each 200m apart, each user employing an omni-directional antenna for receiving the signal. For a reconfigurable refractive metasurface antenna, it is assumed that there are 4 feeds. Each feed is an omni-directional antenna and is spaced 0.1m from the super-surface array. Let the cell transmittance be 1 and the cell size be
Figure BDA0003454787770000054
Where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the system. In contrast, consider the performance of the system when 4 small phased arrays are used as base station antennas. For each phased array antenna, the spacing between antenna elements is set to half a wavelength, and it is assumed that the antenna elements are all omni-directional antennas. As can be seen from fig. 4, the reconfigurable refractive super surface antenna can bring about a larger additive white gaussian noise channel capacity than a conventional phased array.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The method is suitable for a communication system consisting of a base station provided with a reconfigurable refractive super-surface antenna and S cellular users, wherein the reconfigurable refractive super-surface antenna consists of K feed sources and a reconfigurable refractive super-surface, and comprises the following steps:
acquiring communication system parameters, the communication system parameters comprising: the total transmitting power of the base station and the channel parameters between the feed source and the cellular user;
calculating the proportion of the power distributed by the base station to each cellular user to the total transmitting power according to the communication system parameters so as to maximize the channel capacity;
the base station allocates total transmit power to each cellular user based on the corresponding said ratio that maximizes the channel capacity.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the channel parameters comprise: channel h between feed k and cellular subscriber s (s，k) And channel noise variance.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein channel h is obtained by (s，k) ：
1) Based on road loss
Figure FDA0003454787760000011
Small scale fading coefficient->
Figure FDA0003454787760000012
And refractive index Γ m，n Modeling the (m, n) th reconfigurable refractive subsurface based channel ++>
Figure FDA0003454787760000013
Wherein m is the row number of the units in the reconfigurable refractive supersurface and n is the column number of the units in the reconfigurable refractive supersurface;
2) For each channel
Figure FDA0003454787760000014
Summing to obtain channel h (s，k) 。
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the path loss
Figure FDA0003454787760000015
Wherein λ represents a wavelength corresponding to the carrier frequency, +.>
Figure FDA0003454787760000016
Antenna gain product in the (m, n) direction of each element, l, representing the receiving antenna of feed k and user s M ×l N For unit size, G I Antenna gain representing a unit, +.>
Figure FDA0003454787760000017
Representing the spacing of feed k to element (m, n), a>
Figure FDA0003454787760000018
Representing the spacing of the user s from the cell (m, n), and α represents the path loss factor.
5. A method according to claim 3, wherein the refractive index
Figure FDA0003454787760000019
Wherein A is m，n Representing refractive amplitude +.>
Figure FDA00034547877600000110
Representing the phase shift.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method of calculating channel capacity comprises: based on the base station total transmit power, the channel parameters and the ratio.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the respective said ratio that maximizes channel capacity is obtained by:
1) Constructing an optimization problem, wherein variables to be optimized comprise: the proportions, the targets to be optimized include: maximizing channel capacity;
2) And solving an optimization problem based on constraint conditions to obtain the corresponding proportion of the maximized channel capacity.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the constraints comprise: sigma (sigma) s Λ s =1, where Λ s The power allocated to the base station for the cellular subscriber s is proportional to the total transmit power.
9. A storage medium having a computer program stored therein, wherein the computer program is arranged to perform the method of any of claims 1-8 when run.
10. An electronic device comprising a memory, in which a computer program is stored, and a processor arranged to run the computer program to perform the method of any of claims 1-8.
CN202210001725.7A 2022-01-04 2022-01-04 Cellular communication power distribution method based on reconfigurable refractive super surface Pending CN116437431A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117412267A (en) * 2023-12-12 2024-01-16 杭州牧星科技有限公司 Communication method of unmanned aerial vehicle cluster network

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117412267A (en) * 2023-12-12 2024-01-16 杭州牧星科技有限公司 Communication method of unmanned aerial vehicle cluster network
CN117412267B (en) * 2023-12-12 2024-03-01 杭州牧星科技有限公司 Communication method of unmanned aerial vehicle cluster network

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