CN116716201A - 一株粪肠球菌y3及其益生菌制剂和应用 - Google Patents
一株粪肠球菌y3及其益生菌制剂和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了提高猪免疫力、抑制病菌、预防或治疗猪呼吸道疾病和/或消化道疾病和/或预防或治疗猪瘟疾病的粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)Y3及含有该粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)Y3的益生菌制剂。本发明还公开了所述粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)Y3和益生菌制剂的应用。本发明还公开了一种提高免疫力或抑制病菌的药物。本发明还公开了一种提高猪免疫力的方法,所述方法包括给猪喂养所述粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)Y3和益生菌制剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一株菌及其应用,尤其涉及一种粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)Y3及其益生菌制剂和应用,属于畜牧业领域。
背景技术
冬季寒冷条件下,集约化养殖存在环境通风和保温这一矛盾点。为了保障猪舍温度,较少通风换气。由于饲养密度过大,猪舍内粉尘较多,较大粉尘密度给猪呼吸道带来严重负担;同时粉尘中存有病原体,易发猪呼吸道疾病;此外不良通风引起氨气浓度过大,刺激仔猪呼吸道黏膜,加剧了仔猪呼吸道疾病的发生,并继发脑膜炎、消化道疾病。仔猪表现为:体温升高、食欲不振或废绝、精神沉郁、喘气、咳嗽、腹式呼吸、呼吸困难、被毛粗乱、生长不良、鼻眼有分泌物。目前,冬季呼吸道疾病已成为困扰仔猪养殖的主要因素。
目前,预防呼吸道疾病的主要做法是:1.增强饲养管理。猪舍建筑结构需冬暖夏凉,满足自然通风的要求,避免人工操作的随意性;根据不同猪只饲养阶段的要求,合理安排饲养密度;及时清粪,减少猪舍中氨气含量,减少对猪呼吸道黏膜损伤,降低感染风险。2.提高机体免疫功能。疫苗、兽药预防。易发呼吸道疾病的病原有:蓝耳病、传染性胸膜肺炎、猪肺疫、支原体肺炎、副猪嗜血杆菌、传染性萎缩性鼻炎。针对病原,进行合理的疫苗注射。另外,在饲料和饮水中添加预防剂量的兽药和中药,提高仔猪免疫力。但是,频繁注射疫苗会造成较大应激反应,同时国家提倡无抗养殖,减少抗生素的预防使用,这使得抗生素在养猪生产上的使用受到限制。
益生菌是一类对机体有益的微生物,通过定殖在动物体内,改变宿主某一部位菌群组成。通过调节宿主黏膜与系统免疫功能或通过调节肠道内菌群平衡,促进营养吸收保持肠道健康的作用,从而产生有利于健康作用的单微生物或组成明确的混合微生物。
益生菌已在农业、医疗卫生、工业领域取得一定发展,但目前我国益生菌产品参差不齐,仍存在较多弊端。1、益生菌菌株的使用未考虑到使用动物的同源性。猪用益生菌多来自于植物、土壤、异种动物体内分离得到;且菌株多引自国外,如乳双歧杆菌多被用于治疗呼吸道疾病,但乳双歧杆菌来源于人类粪便,且常与其他益生菌或中药组合使用,制备步骤繁杂(专利申请号:2012800285062、2017104275011、2020100928167)。2、益生特性评价欠缺,尚未明确是否具有提高免疫功能、抑制病原菌等功效,即应用于临床使用。3、菌株活力和活菌数量不足,难以保证益生菌的正常功效。4、益生菌受库存时间影响,活菌数量迅速下降,缺乏保护剂。5、益生菌在使用时添加不当,起不到添加的效果。
现有技术中,崔玉革等人(复合益生菌与黄芪多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫功能、血清生化指标及腹泻率的影响,2022)、黄敏(益生菌对仔猪肠道菌群及生长性能的影响,2021)、陈宝剑等人(饮水中添加复合益生菌对仔猪生长性能及免疫指标的影响,2020)、陆克文(新型猪用复合益生菌制剂的研制与开发,2011)说明益生菌可以整体免疫,但没有提到对呼吸道是否起保护作用。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供提高猪免疫力、抑制病菌、预防或治疗猪呼吸道或/和消化道疾病和/或预防或治疗猪瘟的粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)Y3及含有该粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)Y3的益生菌制剂。
本发明还要解决的技术问题是提供所述粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)Y3和益生菌制剂的应用。
本发明还所要解决的技术问题是提供一种提高免疫力或抑制病菌的药物。
本发明还所要解决的技术问题是提供一种提高猪免疫力的方法,所述方法包括给猪饲喂所述粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)Y3和益生菌制剂。
技术方案:为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供如下技术方案:
本发明提供一株粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)Y3,所述粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)Y3于2022年6月10日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(CGMCC),保藏地址为:中国北京,保藏编号为CGMCCNO.25043。
本发明还提供了含有所述粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)Y3的益生菌制剂。
其中,所述益生菌制剂包括液态制剂、粉末剂、胶囊剂、片剂中的一种或几种。
本发明还提供了所述粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)Y3或益生菌制剂在制备提高免疫力和/或制备预防或治疗猪呼吸道和/或消化道疾病和/或预防或治疗猪瘟的药物中的应用。
本发明还提供了所述粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)Y3或益生菌制剂在制备抑制病菌的药物中的应用。
其中,所述病菌包括大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌或葡萄球菌中的一种或几种。
本发明还提供了一种提高免疫力药物,包括所述粪肠球菌(Enterococcusfaecalis)Y3或所述益生菌制剂。
本发明还提供了一种抑制病菌的药物,包括所述粪肠球菌(Enterococcusfaecalis)Y3或所述益生菌制剂。
其中,所述病菌包括大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌或葡萄球菌中的一种或几种。
本发明还提供了一种提高猪免疫力的方法,所述方法包括给猪喂养所述的粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)Y3或益生菌制剂。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下显著优点:
1、本发明首次获得了一种能够提高猪免疫力、抑制病菌、预防或治疗猪呼吸道和/或消化道疾病和/或预防或治疗猪瘟的粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)Y3。从微生物专业角度结合动物营养,开展同源靶向筛选,和定向饲喂,克服了菌株的来源多引自国外,突破技术壁垒,自主研发功能益生菌制剂,保障益生菌活菌数量和仓储货架活菌数量,采用合理的添加方式,在断奶仔猪饮水中直接添加,操作便捷。本发明运用于冬季仔猪养猪生产,提高仔猪免疫抗病力,缓解呼吸道疾病这一难题。同时在给保育猪添加益生菌28天后,可显著提高保育猪生产性能。益生菌E.faecalis Y3液体制剂作为一种绿色、无污染的微生态制剂优于其他同类产品,可应用于冬季仔猪生产。
2、本发明开发的益生菌制剂分离来自梅山猪,为江苏地方优质黑猪品种,食性接近野猪,肠道菌群更丰富。获得的益生菌菌种后,开发成液体制剂再给猪添加,符合同源性。同时,活菌数量达到我国饲料微生物活菌含量106CFU/g。在货架时间达到90天,活菌数量仍达到109CFU/g。活菌数量受仓储时间影响微小。本发明的制剂添加至饮水中,保育猪经消化道饮用28天后,可显著提高保育猪生产性能。对免疫功能的影响:不仅改善血液免疫球蛋白G、M、A和猪瘟抗体水平,还可提高肺部黏膜免疫因子IFN-a、β-PBD1和TNF-a的表达水平和IgA蛋白水平,对呼吸道起到保护作用。
综上,本发明将E.faecalis Y3制成液体制剂,运用于冬季仔猪养猪生产中,可提高生长性能、改善仔猪免疫抗病力,缓解冬季呼吸道疾病这一难题。
附图说明
图1为不同组别的保育猪终末体重;
图2为不同组别的保育猪平均日增重;
图3为不同组别的保育猪料肉比;
图4为不同组别的保育猪肺组织免疫因子mRNA表达水平(IFN-a);
图5为不同组别的保育猪肺组织免疫因子mRNA表达水平(β-PBD1);
图6为不同组别的保育猪肺组织免疫因子mRNA表达水平(TNF-a);
图7为不同组别的保育猪呼吸道、消化道疾病发病率与死淘率情况。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案作进一步说明。
本发明从健康江苏地方猪(梅山猪)肠道内分离多株益生菌,后经过产消化酶评价、耐胃酸、胆盐、热的环境评价,得到1株益生芽孢杆菌,为粪肠球菌Y3(Enterococcusfaecalis,E.faecalis)Y3,于2022年6月10日于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心保藏,保藏地址为中国北京,保藏编号为CGMCCNO.25043,其分类命名为粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis),来源于猪。
病原菌指示菌分别为:大肠杆菌(保藏编号为CCTCC25922)购自中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,猪源沙门氏菌(保藏编号为CVCC1880,沙门氏菌)和金黄色葡萄球菌(保藏编号为CVCC1882,葡萄球菌),分别购自中国兽医微生物菌种保藏管理中心。
制备液态营养琼脂培养基,分别将粪肠球菌Y3、大肠杆菌、猪源沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌接种至液态营养琼脂培养基(在1000毫升水中含:牛肉膏3g,蛋白胨10g,氯化钠5g,琼脂3g)中活化培养16h,备用。
将猪粪肠球菌Y3分别与大肠杆菌CCTCC25922、猪源沙门氏菌CVCC1880和金黄色葡萄球菌CVCC1882共培养。分别取0.2mL大肠杆菌CCTCC25922、猪源沙门氏菌CVCC1880和金黄色葡萄球菌CVCC1882至5mL液态营养琼脂培养基中,后分别再接种0.2mL猪粪肠球菌Y3;分别在0h、12h、24、36h进行活菌计数。同时,将大肠杆菌CCTCC25922、猪源沙门氏菌CVCC1880和金黄色葡萄球菌CVCC1882单独放于营养琼脂培养液(1000毫升含:牛肉膏3g,蛋白胨10g,氯化钠5g,琼脂3g)中培养,并计数,作为对照。比较混合培养组和3种病原菌对照组活菌数量,判断猪粪肠球菌(E.faecalis)Y3有无抑制大肠杆菌的能力。
表1
表注:同一行肩标不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01),下同。
结果见表1,猪粪肠球菌(E.faecalis)Y3与沙门氏菌CVCC1880共培养12h后,沙门氏菌CVCC1880活菌数量降低到4.51×104CFU/mL,至24h后,培养液中的沙门氏菌CVCC1880活菌数量降低到0CFU/mL,至36h未检出沙门氏菌,均极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。E.faecalis Y3与金黄色葡萄球菌CVCC1882共培养12h后,金黄色葡萄球菌CVCC1882活菌数量降低到5.63×104CFU/mL,至24h后,培养液中的金黄色葡萄球菌CVCC1882活菌数量降低至0CFU/mL,至36h未检出金黄色葡萄球菌CVCC1882。E.faecalis Y3与大肠杆菌CCTCC25922共培养12h后,其中的大肠杆菌CCTCC25922数量从对照组的1×109CFU/mL降低到1.82×103CFU/mL,至24h后,培养液中的大肠杆菌CCTCC25922数量降低到0CFU/mL,36h培养液中检测不出大肠杆菌数。
实施例2液态益生菌制剂的制备
1)菌种
选择中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心保藏的粪肠球菌Y3(Enterococcus faecalis,E.faecium Y3),保藏日期为2022年6月10日,保藏编号为CGMCCNO.25043。
2)菌种的活化与种子液的获得
将保存在4℃的E.faecalis Y3按1%的接种量,接种于MRS液体培养基上,37℃培养12h,如此连续活化2次后,得到菌种子液。
3)生产
将E.faecalis Y3种子液按1%的接种量,接种于特定培养基中。特定培养基的组分及百分含量:饲料级糖蜜8%,尿素5%,红糖1%,搅拌混合均匀后,置于100L发酵罐高压灭菌,冷却至室温。然后,按体积比2%接种E.faecium Y3,培养18h,后收集液态菌液,即得益生菌制剂,活菌数量为4.2±0.3×109CFU/g。放于4℃冰箱中,备用。
4)产品活菌数
用选择性计数培养基,采用平板计数法,检测发酵液中E.faecalis Y3的活菌数量,达到8.5x109活菌单位每毫升(CFU/mL)。
5)货架时间
将密封好的益生菌制剂放在室温下保存,分别于30天、60天、90天后,按上步方法,检测其中E.faecalis Y3活菌数量。结果表明:30天后活菌数为2.3±0.2×109CFU/g,60天后活菌数为1.6±0.2×109CFU/g,90天后活菌数为1.4±0.3×109CFU/g。数量均超过国家饲用微生态添加剂活菌含量要求(>108CFU/g)。
实施例3益生菌制剂改善保育猪免疫和生长
1)试验动物及分组
选择体重约6.8kg的断奶仔猪(杜长大商品猪)180头,随机分为3组,分别为对照组、E.faecalis Y3添加组、药物组。每组4个重复,每个重复15头仔猪,每个组饲喂对应的日粮。日粮为:基础日粮(营养水平达到断奶仔猪NRC标准);E.faecalis Y3添加剂量组,每吨饮水中添加2.5L E.faecalis Y3液体发酵产品,活菌数量为1.0±0.2×107CFU/g。自由饮水;药物组:每吨饲料添加400g黄霉素混匀,备用。实验保育猪正常饲喂与免疫。周期为35天。基础日粮配方如下表2所示。
表2
注:每公斤日粮所含的维生素和矿物质:VD3 13000IU,VE 200IU,VK3 20mg,VB130mg,VB2 50mg,VB6 50mg,VB12 0.2mg,VC 600mg,锰100mg,锌80mg,铁80mg,铜10mg,碘0.15mg,硒0.2mg,铬0.2mg。
2)饲养管理
每组单独饲喂对应配制的饲料,每天饮水槽消毒:上午、下午各一次。饲料每天添加4次:上午、下午各2次。
记录每个组饲料重量,试验结束后用磅秤称量每个组剩余的饲料量,35天后,称量每个组保育猪的体重,比较生长性能数据。记录每个组每天呼吸道疾病发病头数、其他病发病头数、治疗成本。
3)生长性能
试验35天后,三组仔猪的生长性能结果见表3所示。
表3
注:*表示差异显著,(P<0.05)。
如表3和图1所示,E.faecalis Y3组保育猪的终末体重为19.65kg,药物组保育猪的均重为19.62kg,无抗对照组保育猪的均重为18.01kg。E.faecalis Y3组与药物组保育猪的体重,均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而E.faecalis Y3组与药物组之间没有显著差异(P>0.05)。
如表3和图2所示,对照组、E.faecalis Y3组和药物组的平均日增重分别为318g、361g、360g,可见E.faecalis Y3组和药物组显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而E.faecalis Y3组和药物组之间没有显著差异(P>0.05)。
平均日采食量:三个组之间没有显著差异(P>0.05)。
如表3和图3所示,对照组、E.faecalis Y3组和药物组的料肉比分别为1.45、1.30、1.31。E.faecalis Y3组和药物组皆显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而E.faecalis Y3组和药物组之间没有显著差异(P>0.05)。
实施例4益生菌对猪肺部免疫因子RNA水平的影响
1、样本总RNA提取
采集三组(对照组、E.faecalis Y3组和药物组)的猪肺样品,用灭菌剪刀剪取约50mg组织样本于冻存管中,放入无RNase的2mL离心管中,加入2颗钢珠,再加入1000μL组织裂解液(Trizol,赛默飞公司,货号15596026),盖紧盖子,放入高通道组织匀浆机中,40Hz下运行180s,取出离心管,用无RNase的1mL吸头吸取匀浆液,于新的无RNase的1.5mL离心管中,4℃下12000rpm离心2min,吸取上清于新的无RNase的1.5mL离心管中,进行总RNA提取实验,提取方法参考《分子生物学实验手册》。
2、反转录体系及步骤
反转录体系与条件:20μL反转录体系:2×RT Buffer 10μL,RT/RI 1μL,gDNARemove 1μL,Random Primer(10μmol/L)1μL,RNA 1.5μL(约600ng),RNase free dH2O 7.5μL。将各组分混匀后置于42℃水浴锅中孵育1h,得到第一链cDNA,将逆转录后的cDNA用H2O 5倍稀释后,进行后续qPCR反应。
3、Real-Time PCR反应体系及步骤
采用SYBR Green I法实时荧光定量PCR(相对定量)进行干扰素a(IFN-a)、防御素β(β-PBD1)、肿瘤坏死因子a(TNF-a)的mRNA表达量分析;IFN-a、β-PBD1和TNF-a的引物如下表4所示,20μL反应体系优化方案如下:2×Top Green EX-Taq Mix 10μL,引物F(10μmol/L)0.5μL,引物R(10μmol/L)0.5μL,模板cDNA 2μL,RNase Free dH2O 7μL。
表4
采用2-△△Ct法进行相对表达量计算。
4、免疫因子RNA水平
保育猪饲喂益生菌后35天,猪肺组织的IFN-a、β-PBD1和TNF-a的mRNA基因表达如图4-6所示。TNF-a:E.faecalis Y3添加组肺组织TNF-a基因水平极显著高于对照组和药物组(P<0.01),药物组显著高于对照组(P<0.01);β-PBD1:E.faecalis Y3组极显著高于对照组和药物组(P<0.01),药物组和对照组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);IFN-a:E.faecalis Y3组极显著高于对照组和药物组(P<0.01),药物组和对照组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。
5、保育猪肺部和血液免疫指标
在三组保育猪试验21日龄时,肌肉注射猪瘟疫苗,28天采集猪血液,检测血液中IgG、IgM和猪瘟抗体水平和肺组织分泌型IgA水平。猪免疫球蛋白G、M、A(IgG、IgM、IgA)酶联免疫吸附试剂盒,购自南京建成生物有限公司,猪瘟抗体试剂盒,购自美国爱德士IDEXX。在饲喂益生菌后35天,免疫指标结果见表5所示。
表5
E.faecalis Y3组保育猪肺组织分泌型IgA水平极显著高于对照组与药物组(P<0.01),药物组与对照组之间没有显著差异(P>0.05)。
仔猪21天免疫猪瘟疫苗后,28天采集血液检测猪瘟抗体滴度,结果表明:E.faecalis Y3组保育猪血液中猪瘟抗体水平极显著高于对照组和药物组(P<0.01),药物组极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。E.faecalis Y3组保育猪血液中IgM和IgG水平极显著高于对照组与药物组(P<0.01),药物组仔猪血液中IgG和IgM水平与对照组没有显著差异(P>0.05)。
6、保育猪呼吸道、消化道疾病与死淘率
在试验28天内,每天观察三组保育猪咳嗽、腹泻的发病数量和用药治疗的总数量,记录总死亡数量。保育猪呼吸道、消化道和死淘率见图7所示。呼吸道疾病发病率:E.faecalis Y3组保育猪显著低于对照组(P<0.01),与药物组差异不显著(P>0.05),对照组、E.faecalis Y3和药物组分别为28.89%、6.67%、7.89%。消化道疾病发病率:E.faecalis Y3组保育猪显著低于对照组(P<0.01),与药物组差异不显著(P>0.05),对照组、E.faecalis Y3和药物组分别为13.67%、4.76%、5.12%。死淘率:E.faecalis Y3组保育猪显著低于对照组与药物组(P<0.01),对照组、E.faecalis Y3和药物组分别为8.71%、3.21%、4.78%。
Claims (10)
1.一株粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)Y3,其特征在于,所述粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)Y3,保藏日期为2022年6月10日,保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(CGMCC),保藏编号为CGMCC NO. 25043。
2.含有权利要求1所述的粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)Y3的益生菌制剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的益生菌制剂,其特征在于,所述益生菌制剂包括液态制剂、粉末剂、胶囊剂、片剂中的一种或几种。
4.权利要求1所述的粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)Y3或权利要求2所述的益生菌制剂在制备提高免疫力或制备预防或/和治疗猪呼吸道疾病或/和消化道疾病和/或猪瘟疾病的药物中的应用。
5.权利要求1所述的粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)Y3或权利要求2所述的益生菌制剂在制备抑制病菌的药物中的应用。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述病菌包括大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌或葡萄球菌中的一种或几种。
7.一种提高免疫力的药物,其特征在于,包括权利要求1所述的粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)Y3或权利要求2所述的益生菌制剂。
8.一种抑制病菌的药物,其特征在于,包括权利要求1所述的粪肠球菌(Enterococcusfaecalis)Y3或权利要求2所述的益生菌制剂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的药物,其特征在于,所述病菌包括大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌或葡萄球菌中的一种或几种。
10.一种提高猪免疫力的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括给猪饲喂权利要求1所述的粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)Y3或权利要求2所述的益生菌制剂。
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