CN116714956A - Large-span self-adaptive downward extending slope lifting system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a large-span self-adaptive downward extending slope lifting system and a method, wherein the system comprises a self-adaptive downward extending slope guiding platform, a self-adaptive downward extending lifting system, a self-adaptive downward extending loading platform provided with a carrying container and an unloading platform; the self-adaptive downward extending slope guiding platform is fixed on the slope of the pit and used for transporting the carrying container, the self-adaptive downward extending lifting system is arranged for providing driving force for lifting the carrying container, the self-adaptive downward extending loading platform is used for loading materials to the carrying container, and the unloading platform is used for unloading and transporting the materials in the carrying container; the invention adopts the steel wire rope to pull the carrying container to move, and has the advantages of small friction, small loss and long service life. The double-rail overhead device can effectively increase the carrying efficiency and ensure the safety. The larger the overall height difference of the system is, the larger the transport capacity and the velocity are, and the energy consumption of carrying can be effectively reduced. The novel rail frame and vehicle supporting mode is adopted, the occupied area is small, and the transportation density can be greatly improved.

Description

Large-span self-adaptive downward extending slope lifting system and method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of surface mine exploitation and transportation, in particular to a large-span self-adaptive downward extending slope lifting system and method.

Background

With the expansion of the mining scale and the deepening of the mining depth of the strip mine, the climbing efficiency of the mine retainer ring is lower and lower, and most of energy consumption is consumed for overcoming the dead weight. The existing lifting technology has a plurality of defects that the chain is easy to wear, the carrying efficiency is low and the safety is poor when the slope chain is lifted. For slope belt lifting, the problem of easy belt abrasion exists, and in addition, the requirement on the friction coefficient of materials is very high, and the problem of low safety exists. Railway lifting has the problems of high construction cost, large steering radius and large occupied area. The single (dual) barrel incline shaft lift has the following problems: the lifting distance is short, the single track is overhead, and the transportation amount is small.

The patent application of China with publication number of CN101020554A discloses a self-driven whole car lifting device for an open-pit mine car, which utilizes the driving force of an engine of the car to lift a heavy-duty car from a mine site to the ground surface. However, the device needs to be modified into a special automobile hub, and the stability and the reliability are insufficient only by means of engine driving.

The whole-car vertical lifting and transporting system of the mining car for the strip mine realizes the vertical lifting of the whole car of the mining car, but the efficiency is required to be improved; only the hydraulic rail clamping device brakes the parking platform under the rope breaking condition, so that the control difficulty is high, and the safety is required to be improved; the vertical lifting system needs to excavate a large number of mountain bodies, and the construction engineering amount is large.

The Chinese patent application with publication number of CN103334755A discloses a slope lifting and crushing system for deep open pit mine, which realizes slope lifting and crushing, but the guide rail of the slope system is not extended, and is relatively complex in deep well part mining and transportation, and cannot meet the actual requirements of open pit mining.

The ramp-up system takes over the lifting tasks of coal, personnel and material, but the lifting load and operating conditions under which it is located may vary. In strip mines, a fixed ramp-up system cannot meet the actual needs of strip mining. As strip mining proceeds, other transportation means are required to transport the material to the fixed ramp system, which not only violates the original purpose of facilitating mining, but also makes the material transportation more time-consuming and labor-consuming.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical defects, the invention aims to provide a large-span self-adaptive downward extending slope lifting system and a large-span self-adaptive downward extending slope lifting method, which adopt a steel wire rope to pull a carrying container to move and have the advantages of small friction, small loss and long service life. The double-rail overhead device can effectively increase the carrying efficiency and ensure the safety. The larger the overall height difference of the system is, the larger the transport capacity and the velocity are, and the energy consumption of carrying can be effectively reduced. The novel rail frame and vehicle supporting mode is adopted, the occupied area is small, and the transportation density can be greatly improved.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a large-span self-adaptive downward extending slope lifting system and a method, comprising a self-adaptive downward extending slope guiding platform, a self-adaptive downward extending lifting system, a self-adaptive downward extending loading platform provided with a carrying container and an unloading platform; the self-adaptive downward extending slope guiding platform is fixed on the slope of the pit and used for transporting the carrying container, the self-adaptive downward extending lifting system is placed on the ground and provides driving force for lifting the carrying container, the self-adaptive downward extending loading platform is arranged at the bottom of the pit and used for loading materials to the carrying container, and the unloading platform is positioned at the top end of the self-adaptive downward extending slope guiding platform and used for unloading and transporting the materials in the carrying container.

Preferably, the self-adaptive downward extending slope guiding platform comprises a plurality of spliced supporting tables which are spliced and fixed together, and a guide rail for transporting the carrying container is arranged on the table top of the spliced supporting tables; the bottom surface of the spliced supporting table top is fixed on an annular step of the pit through a vertical supporting truss.

Preferably, the front and back sides of the spliced supporting table board are provided with thin plates and are provided with threaded holes so as to realize splicing, and the outermost sides of the two ends of the guide rail arranged on the spliced supporting table board are provided with threaded holes so as to correct the positions of the guide rail.

Preferably, the self-extending support mechanism is detachably and fixedly connected with the bottom-most section of the spliced support table top, and comprises a plurality of hydraulic supports which are arranged on the bottom surface of the spliced support table top and play a role in supporting the spliced support table top.

Preferably, the self-adaptive downward extending lifting system comprises a self-adaptive winding type lifting machine fixed on the ground or at the top of the self-adaptive downward extending slope guiding platform, the self-adaptive winding type lifting machine comprises a motor, a winding drum is arranged on a main shaft of the motor, the winding drum is connected with a traveling winding drum through a clutch mechanism, and the winding drum and the traveling winding drum are respectively wound with a traction rope with opposite winding directions and are used for being connected with a carrying container; the clutch mechanism is opened to enable the winding drum and the swimming winding drum to rotate relatively, and the traction rope is self-adaptively extended.

Preferably, the traction mode of the self-adaptive winding type elevator in the self-adaptive lower extension lifting system comprises single-rope double-drum traction, single-drum independent traction, double-rope Brinell lifting winding and guiding wheel matching winding drum.

Preferably, the self-adaptive lower extension loading platform comprises transportation equipment and storage equipment which are arranged in a pit, wherein the transportation equipment comprises a belt conveyor for feeding a carrying container, a mining electric shovel, a mining dump truck and a crusher, and the belt conveyor is positioned above the carrying container for feeding; the storage equipment comprises a plurality of groups of carrying containers which are matched with the guide rails.

Preferably, the unloading system comprises an unloading platform, a large bin, a belt conveyor, a small bin and a mine truck which are arranged on the ground, wherein the unloading platform is positioned at the end point of the self-adaptive lower extension lifting system and is provided with a discharge opening; the large bin is positioned below the unloading platform and is used for receiving and storing the materials unloaded from the unloading opening; the belt conveyor is connected with the large material box and the small material box and is used for conveying and sorting materials from the large material box to the small material box; a small bin receives the material conveyed from the belt conveyor; the ore card finally conveys the materials in the small material box out; another loading method of the ore card is to directly load the materials in the large bin; the unloading mode of the unloading system comprises two modes of lower unloading and lateral unloading;

preferably, the inside charge mouth and the gate mechanism that unloads that is equipped with of carrier container, the charge mouth is located carrier container top, and gate mechanism that unloads is located carrier container side and below, and the gyro wheel is installed to carrier container bottom, and carrier container passes through anchor plate subassembly, the haulage rope in the self-adaptation downwardly extending lifting system of bolt assembly connection.

The invention also provides a material lifting method of the large-span self-adaptive downward extending slope lifting system, which comprises the following steps:

firstly, a large-span self-adaptive downward extending slope lifting system is installed, and the height of two groups of hydraulic supports of a self-extending supporting mechanism is respectively adjusted to ensure the flatness of an integral transportation slope;

when the materials are transported, the mining electric shovel shovels the extracted coal mine into a mining dump truck, then the mining dump truck unloads the coal mine into a crusher to crush the coal mine into smaller particle coal mines, and then the crushed coal mines are transported into a carrying container by a belt conveyor;

after the material is filled, the self-adaptive winding type lifting machine drives the traction rope to lift the carrying container for loading the coal mine from the underground along the self-adaptive downward extending slope guiding platform to the horizontal supporting platform on the ground;

after the carrying container reaches the unloading platform, opening a discharging gate below the carrying container, and discharging materials from the carrying container into a large material box below through a discharging opening of the unloading platform; conveying and sorting materials in the large material box to the small material box through a belt conveyor; the materials in the small material box are finally transported away by the ore card. Another loading method of the ore card is to directly load the materials in the large bin;

when the pit is excavated obliquely downwards, the system starts to adaptively extend, two groups of hydraulic supports of the self-extending supporting mechanism arranged on the bottommost surface are adjusted in height according to the excavation depth, when the pit is excavated obliquely downwards, the system starts to adaptively extend, a spliced supporting table surface with the self-extending supporting mechanism is newly and complementarily arranged at the lowest position after excavation, the two groups of hydraulic supports of the original self-extending supporting mechanism are replaced by vertical truss, and the newly added spliced supporting table surface is fixedly connected with the spliced supporting table surface adjacent to the last section; simultaneously, two adjacent guide rails are connected through bolts and the positions of the guide rails are corrected;

the carrier is fixed at the bottom of self-adaptation guiding mechanism and descends gradually along with the increase of exploitation depth, plays the effect of transportation removal self-adaptation, starts clutch, and reel and the reel of moving about do relative rotation, and haulage rope self-adaptation extends to suitable position.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. to carrying inefficiency, the poor scheduling problem of security that slope chain promoted to exist, this patent is through setting up single rope double drum traction, double rope bull promotes winding and leading wheel cooperation winding cylinder, realizes that the efficiency of promotion is maximized under the super large span and overall structure weight is minimum, reduces construction and running cost.

2. To the slope chain promote and slope belt promote the easy wearing and tearing problem of material that exists, this patent adopts the light haulage rope of high strength, realizes the large-span suspension cable structure that light in weight, intensity are big, enlarges the operation scope.

3. The problem that there is no way to extend to the guide rail that the broken system exists is promoted to the strip mine slope, and this patent adopts wire rope to pull the carrying container and removes, adjusts the span in real time according to the transportation requirement, realizes the transportation in different scope and space, enlarges the suitability of slope lift system.

4. To the limited carrying capacity that exists in the middle of mining car self-driven promotes and the vertical promotion of whole car, the great problem of automobile body self-weight, this patent adopts the carrier to replace whole car to promote, has solved the shortcoming of whole car promotion transportation technology.

5. To the problem that present opencut stope degree of depth descends gradually, the collection face becomes dark, this patent adopts self-extension supporting mechanism and self-adaptation to extend slope guide platform down, realizes that the working face extends along with the stope, furthest utilizes and places the space.

6. To the problem that the power consumption is big, the security is low that exists in vertical promotion and the whole car promotes, this patent is through utilizing the span difference that gravity effect produced when the slope promotes, effectively reduces the energy consumption of carrying, increases carrying capacity and carrying speed to compare in vertical promotion security and improve greatly.

7. To the complex, the delivery position change scheduling problem of opencut exploitation in-process environment, this patent is through the design that adopts movable transportation, effectively changes conveyer's working position, realizes that the working face moves forward along with the stope, improves conveying efficiency and operating efficiency by a wide margin.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a large-span adaptive downward-extending ramp-up system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a spliced supporting table board according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic connection diagram of a self-extending support mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an adaptive downward extension process according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a block diagram of a single rope double roller traction type self-adaptive winding elevator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a block diagram of a double-rope brayer hoisting winding type self-adaptive winding type elevator provided by the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a single drum independent traction type adaptive winding elevator provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a structural diagram of a self-adaptive winding elevator in a mode that a guide wheel is matched with a winding drum provided by an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an adaptive lower extension loading platform according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a lower unloading mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a side discharge mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a diagram of unloading in a direct loading mode according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an adaptive extension mining process according to an embodiment of the present invention

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of an adaptive downward extending ramp guide platform arrangement along the diameter of a round pit provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of an adaptive downward extending ramp guide platform according to an embodiment of the present invention disposed along a minor diameter of an elliptical pit;

FIG. 16 is a schematic view of an adaptive downward extending ramp guide platform according to an embodiment of the present invention disposed along the major diameter end of an elliptical pit;

fig. 17 is a schematic view of an adaptive downward extending ramp guide platform arrangement along a minor side of an irregular pit span provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numerals illustrate:

1. a self-adaptive downward extending ramp guide platform; 1-1, a guide rail; 1-2, a vertical support truss; 1-3, a spliced supporting table board; 5. a self-extending support mechanism; 5-1, a hydraulic bracket;

2. an adaptive lower extension lift system; 2-1, a self-adaptive winding type elevator; 2-1-1, a motor; 2-1-2, a main shaft; 2-1-3, winding drum; 2-1-4, a clutch mechanism; 2-1-5, a swimming reel; 2-2, a traction rope; 2-3, carrying container;

3. a self-adaptive lower extension loading platform; 3-1, a belt conveyor; 3-2, a mining electric shovel; 3-3, a dump truck; 3-4, a crusher.

4. Unloading the system; 4-1, unloading a platform; 4-2, a large bin; 4-3, a belt conveyor; 4-4, a small storage bin; 4-5, a mining transportation truck.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

As shown in fig. 1 to 9, a large-span adaptive downward extending slope lifting system comprises an adaptive downward extending slope guiding platform 1, an adaptive downward extending lifting system 2, an adaptive downward extending loading platform 3 provided with a carrying container 2-3 and an unloading platform 4; the self-adaptive downward extending slope guiding platform 1 is fixed on the slope of a pit and used for transporting the carrying container 2-3, the self-adaptive downward extending lifting system 2 is placed on the ground and provides driving force for lifting the carrying container, the self-adaptive downward extending loading platform 3 is arranged at the bottom of the pit and used for loading materials to the carrying container 2-3, and the unloading platform 4 is positioned at the top end of the self-adaptive downward extending slope guiding platform 1 and used for unloading and transporting the materials in the carrying container 2-3. Referring to fig. 14-17, the adaptive downward extending ramp guide platform 1 may be arranged along the round pit diameter, oval pit minor diameter, oval pit major diameter, irregular pit span minor side.

The self-adaptive downward extending slope guiding platform 1 comprises a plurality of spliced supporting table tops 1-3 which are spliced and fixed together, wherein guide rails 1-1 for transporting the carrying container 2-3 are arranged on the table tops of the spliced supporting table tops 1-3; the bottom surface of the spliced supporting table top 1-3 is fixed on an annular step of a pit through a vertical supporting truss 1-2.

The front side and the rear side of the spliced supporting table top 1-3 are provided with thin plates and are provided with threaded holes so as to facilitate splicing, and the outermost sides of the two ends of the guide rail 1-1 arranged on the spliced supporting table top 1-3 are provided with threaded holes so as to correct the position of the guide rail 1-1.

The large-span self-adaptive downward extending slope lifting system of the embodiment further comprises a self-extending supporting mechanism 5 which is detachably and fixedly connected with the bottommost section of the spliced supporting table top 1-3, wherein the self-extending supporting mechanism 5 comprises a plurality of hydraulic supports 5-1 which are arranged on the bottom surface of the spliced supporting table top 1-3 and play a supporting role on the spliced supporting table top.

The self-adaptive downward extending lifting system 2 comprises a self-adaptive winding type lifting machine 2-1 fixed on the ground or at the top of the self-adaptive downward extending slope guiding platform 1, the self-adaptive winding type lifting machine 2-1 comprises a motor 2-1-1, a winding drum 2-1-3 is arranged on a main shaft 2-1-2 of the motor 2-1-1, the winding drum 2-1-3 is connected with a traveling winding drum 2-1-5 through a clutch mechanism 2-1-4, and the winding drum 2-1-3 and the traveling winding drum 2-1-5 are respectively wound with a traction rope 2-2 with opposite winding directions and are used for connecting a carrying container 2-3; the clutch mechanism 2-1-4 is opened to enable the winding drum 2-1-3 and the swimming winding drum 2-1-5 to rotate relatively, and the traction rope 2-2 is self-adaptively extended.

The traction mode of the self-adaptive winding type lifting machine 2-1 in the self-adaptive lower extension lifting system 2 comprises single-rope double-roller traction, single-roller independent traction, double-rope Brinell lifting winding and guiding wheel matching winding rollers.

The self-adaptive downward-extending loading platform 3 comprises a conveying device and a storage device which are arranged in a pit, wherein the conveying device comprises a belt conveyor 3-1 for feeding a carrying container 2-3, a mining electric shovel 3-2, a mining dump truck 3-3 and a crusher 3-4, and the belt conveyor 3-1 is positioned above the carrying container 2-3 for feeding; the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The storage arrangement comprises a plurality of sets of carriers 2-3 adapted to the guide rails 1-1.

The unloading system 4 comprises an unloading platform 4-1, a large material box 4-2, a belt conveyor 4-3, a small material box 4-4 and a mine card 4-5 which are arranged on the ground, wherein the unloading platform 4-1 is positioned at the end point of the self-adaptive lower extension lifting system 2 and is provided with a discharge opening; the large material box 4-2 is positioned below the unloading platform 4-1 and is used for receiving and storing materials unloaded from the unloading opening; the belt conveyor 4-3 is connected with the large material box 4-2 and the small material box 4-4 and is used for conveying and sorting materials from the large material box 4-2 to the small material box 4-4; the small bin 4-4 receives the material conveyed from the belt conveyor 4-3; the ore clamps 4-5 are used for finally transporting the materials in the small material boxes 4-4; another loading method of the ore card 4-5 is to directly load the materials in the large material box 4-2; 10-11, the unloading mode of the unloading system 4 comprises two modes of lower unloading and side unloading, and the direct loading mode is shown in FIG. 12.

The inside of the carrying container 2-3 is provided with a charging port and a gate unloading mechanism, the charging port is positioned above the carrying container 2-3, the gate unloading mechanism is positioned at the side and the lower side of the carrying container 2-3, the bottom of the carrying container 2-3 is provided with rollers, and the carrying container 2-3 is connected with a traction rope 2-2 in the self-adaptive downward extending lifting system 2 through an anchor plate assembly and a bolt assembly.

The use principle is as follows:

firstly, a large-span self-adaptive downward extending slope lifting system is installed, and the height of two groups of hydraulic supports 5-1 of a self-extending supporting mechanism 5 is respectively adjusted to ensure the flatness of an integral transportation slope;

when the materials are transported, the mining electric shovel 3-2 shovels the extracted coal mine into the mining dump truck 3-3, then the mining dump truck 3-3 unloads the coal mine into the crusher 3-4 to crush the coal mine into small-particle coal mine, and then the crushed coal mine is transported into the carrying container 2-3 by the belt conveyor 3-1;

after the material is filled, the self-adaptive winding type lifting machine 2-1 drives the traction rope 2-2 to lift the carrying container 2-3 for loading the coal mine from the underground along the self-adaptive downward extending slope guiding platform 1 to the horizontal supporting platform on the ground;

after the carrying container 2-3 reaches the unloading platform 4-1, opening a unloading gate below the carrying container 2-3, and unloading materials from the carrying container 2-3 into a large material box 4-2 below through a discharge opening of the unloading platform 4-1; the materials in the large material box 4-2 are conveyed and sorted to the small material box 4-4 through the belt conveyor 4-3; the material in the small material box 4-4 is finally transported away by the mine truck 4-5. Another loading method of the ore card 4-5 is to directly load the materials in the large material box 4-2;

when the pit is excavated obliquely downwards, the system starts to adaptively extend, the height of the two groups of hydraulic supports 5-1 of the self-extending supporting mechanism 5 arranged at the bottommost surface is adjusted according to the excavation depth, when the pit is excavated obliquely downwards, the system starts to adaptively extend, the spliced supporting table top 1-3 with the self-extending supporting mechanism 5 is newly and additionally arranged at the lowest position after excavation, the two groups of hydraulic supports 5-1 of the original self-extending supporting mechanism 5 are replaced by the vertical truss 1-2, and the newly added spliced supporting table top 1-3 is fixedly connected with the spliced supporting table top 1-3 adjacent to the previous section; simultaneously, two adjacent guide rails 1-1 are connected through bolts and the positions of the guide rails 1-1 are corrected;

the carrying container 2-3 is fixed at the bottom of the self-adaptive guiding mechanism 1 and gradually descends along with the increase of mining depth, so that the self-adaptive guiding mechanism plays a role in self-adaptation of transportation movement, the clutch mechanism 2-1-4 is started, the winding drum 2-1-3 and the swimming winding drum 2-1-5 relatively rotate, and the traction rope 2-2 self-adaptively extends to a proper position.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.

Claims (10)

1. A large span adaptive downstretched ramp-up system, characterized by: the self-adaptive downward extending slope guiding platform comprises a self-adaptive downward extending slope guiding platform (1), a self-adaptive downward extending lifting system (2), a self-adaptive downward extending loading platform (3) provided with a carrying container (2-3) and an unloading platform (4); the self-adaptive downward extending slope guiding platform (1) is fixed on a slope of a pit and used for transporting the carrying container (2-3), the self-adaptive downward extending lifting system (2) is placed on the ground and provides driving force for lifting the carrying container, the self-adaptive downward extending loading platform (3) is arranged at the bottom of the pit and used for loading materials to the carrying container (2-3), and the unloading platform (4) is positioned at the top end of the self-adaptive downward extending slope guiding platform (1) and used for unloading and transporting the materials in the carrying container (2-3).

2. A large span adaptive downward extending ramp-up system according to claim 1, wherein: the self-adaptive downward extending slope guiding platform (1) comprises a plurality of spliced supporting tables (1-3) which are spliced and fixed together, wherein guide rails (1-1) for transporting the carrying container (2-3) are arranged on the tables of the spliced supporting tables (1-3); the bottom surface of the spliced supporting table top (1-3) is fixed on an annular step of the pit through a vertical supporting truss (1-2).

3. A large span adaptive downward extending ramp-up system according to claim 2, wherein: the front side and the rear side of the spliced supporting table top (1-3) are provided with thin plates and are provided with threaded holes so as to facilitate splicing, and the outermost sides of the two ends of a guide rail (1-1) arranged on the spliced supporting table top (1-3) are provided with threaded holes so as to correct the position of the guide rail (1-1).

4. A large span adaptive downward extending ramp-up system according to claim 2, wherein: the self-extending support mechanism (5) is detachably and fixedly connected with the bottom-most section of the spliced support table top (1-3), and the self-extending support mechanism (5) comprises a plurality of hydraulic supports (5-1) which are arranged on the bottom surface of the spliced support table top (1-3) and play a role in supporting the spliced support table top.

5. The large-span adaptive downward extending ramp-up system of claim 4, wherein: the self-adaptive downward extending lifting system (2) comprises a self-adaptive winding type lifting machine (2-1) fixed on the ground or at the top of the self-adaptive downward extending slope guiding platform (1), the self-adaptive winding type lifting machine (2-1) comprises a motor (2-1-1), a winding drum (2-1-3) is arranged on a main shaft (2-1-2) of the motor (2-1-1), the winding drum (2-1-3) is connected with a traveling winding drum (2-1-5) through a clutch mechanism (2-1-4), and the winding drum (2-1-3) and the traveling winding drum (2-1-5) are respectively wound with a traction rope (2-2) with opposite winding directions and are used for connecting a carrying container (2-3); the clutch mechanism (2-1-4) is opened to enable the winding drum (2-1-3) and the swimming winding drum (2-1-5) to rotate relatively, and the traction rope (2-2) is self-adaptively extended.

6. The large-span adaptive downward extending ramp-up system of claim 5, wherein: the traction mode of the self-adaptive winding type elevator (2-1) in the self-adaptive lower extension lifting system (2) comprises single-rope double-roller traction, single-roller independent traction, double-rope Brinell lifting winding and guiding wheel matching winding rollers.

7. The large-span adaptive downward extending ramp-up system of claim 6, wherein: the self-adaptive downward-extending loading platform (3) comprises a conveying device and a storage device which are arranged in a pit, wherein the conveying device comprises a belt conveyor (3-1) for feeding a carrying container (2-3), a mining electric shovel (3-2), a mining dump truck (3-3) and a crusher (3-4), and the belt conveyor (3-1) is positioned above the carrying container (2-3) for feeding; the storage arrangement comprises a plurality of sets of carrying containers (2-3) adapted to the guide rail (1-1).

8. The large-span adaptive downward extending ramp-up system of claim 7, wherein: the unloading system (4) comprises an unloading platform (4-1), a large material box (4-2), a belt conveyor (4-3), a small material box (4-4) and a mine card (4-5) which are arranged on the ground, wherein the unloading platform (4-1) is positioned at the end point of the self-adaptive downward extending lifting system (2) and is provided with a discharge opening; the large material box (4-2) is positioned below the unloading platform (4-1) and is used for receiving and storing materials unloaded from the unloading opening; the belt conveyor (4-3) is connected with the large material box (4-2) and the small material box (4-4) and is used for conveying and sorting materials from the large material box (4-2) to the small material box (4-4); a small bin (4-4) receives the material conveyed from the belt conveyor (4-3); the ore card (4-5) is used for finally transporting the materials in the small material box (4-4); another loading method of the ore card (4-5) is to directly load the material in the large bin (4-2).

9. The large-span adaptive downward extending ramp-up system of claim 8, wherein: the self-adaptive lower extension lifting system is characterized in that a loading port and a discharge gate mechanism are arranged in the carrying container (2-3), the loading port is located above the carrying container (2-3), the discharge gate mechanism is located on the side and the lower side of the carrying container (2-3), rollers are mounted at the bottom of the carrying container (2-3), and the carrying container (2-3) is connected with a traction rope (2-2) in the self-adaptive lower extension lifting system (2) through an anchor plate assembly and a bolt assembly.

10. A material lifting method based on the large-span adaptive downward extending ramp-up system of claim 9, characterized in that:

firstly, a large-span self-adaptive downward extending slope lifting system is installed, and the height of two groups of hydraulic supports (5-1) of a self-extending supporting mechanism (5) is respectively adjusted to ensure the flatness of an integral transportation slope;

when the materials are transported, the mining electric shovel (3-2) shovels the extracted coal mine into the mining dump truck (3-3), then the mining dump truck (3-3) unloads the coal mine into the crusher (3-4) to crush the coal mine into smaller particle coal mines, and then the crushed coal mines are transported into the carrying container (2-3) by the belt conveyor (3-1);

after the material is filled, the self-adaptive winding type lifting machine (2-1) drives the traction rope (2-2) to lift the carrying container (2-3) for loading the coal mine from the underground along the self-adaptive downward extending slope guiding platform (1) to the horizontal supporting platform on the ground;

after the carrying container (2-3) reaches the unloading platform (4-1), opening a discharging gate below the carrying container (2-3), and discharging materials from the carrying container (2-3) into a large material box (4-2) below through a discharging opening of the unloading platform (4-1); the materials in the big material box (4-2) are conveyed and sorted to the small material box (4-4) through the belt conveyor (4-3); the materials in the small material box (4-4) are finally transported away by the ore card (4-5). Another loading method of the ore card (4-5) is to directly load the materials in the large material box (4-2);

when the pit is excavated obliquely downwards, the system starts to adaptively extend, two groups of hydraulic supports (5-1) of a self-extending supporting mechanism (5) arranged on the bottommost surface are adjusted in height according to the excavation depth, a spliced supporting table board (1-3) with the self-extending supporting mechanism (5) is additionally arranged at the lowest position after excavation, the two groups of hydraulic supports (5-1) of the original self-extending supporting mechanism (5) are replaced by vertical truss frames (1-2), and the newly added spliced supporting table board (1-3) is fixedly connected with the spliced supporting table board (1-3) adjacent to the previous section; simultaneously, two adjacent guide rails (1-1) are connected through bolts and the positions of the guide rails (1-1) are corrected;

the carrying container (2-3) is fixed at the bottom of the self-adaptive guiding mechanism (1) and gradually descends along with the increase of the mining depth, the self-adaptive function of transportation and movement is achieved, the clutch mechanism (2-1-4) is started, the winding drum (2-1-3) and the swimming winding drum (2-1-5) relatively rotate, and the traction rope (2-2) self-adaptively extends to a proper position.