CN116707808B - Frame synchronization method for passive continuous variable quantum key distribution system - Google Patents
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- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
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- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of secret communication, and discloses a frame synchronization method for a passive continuous variable quantum key distribution system. Compared with the prior art, the invention has higher synchronization success rate under the conditions of extremely low signal-to-noise ratio and random phase drift, can overcome the frequency bias and rapid phase change between two independent lasers at a receiving and transmitting end, does not need to additionally increase a modulation device, and is suitable for a continuous variable quantum key distribution system prepared by a momentum sub-state.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of secret communication, in particular to a frame synchronization method for a passive continuous variable quantum key distribution system.
Background
The quantum key distribution can provide information theory security for both communication parties, and has a great practical prospect. Compared with the discrete variable quantum key distribution technology, continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution (CVQKD) can more efficiently carry out communication, can be realized by using a traditional optical communication device and is integrated into a traditional optical communication system. In the continuous variable quantum key distribution process, the post-processing processes of key negotiation, secret amplification and the like are received from the quantum state, and correct frame synchronization is needed, otherwise, the correct key is difficult to ensure to be acquired, so that the frame synchronization process is extremely important. The quantum state has relatively slow phase drift in the process of transmission in a channel, so that nonlinear noise is increased in a detection result, and the frame synchronization difficulty is increased. For the traditional CVQKD system based on the active modulation quantum state, a method of inserting a preset synchronous frame is generally adopted, namely a section of modulated special junction frame synchronous signal is added before the quantum signal, such as the patent CN112491539A and the patent CN115643010A, and the influence of slow phase drift can be overcome. However, the CVQKD system with actively modulated quantum states needs to randomly modulate the signal, and the corresponding frame synchronization module needs to additionally modulate the optical signal, which increases the complexity of the system.
In order to reduce the complexity of the system, researchers propose a passive CVQKD scheme, a sending end adopts a thermal light source, modulation is not needed, the thermal light source is only required to be divided into two paths, one path carries out local heterodyne detection, and the other path is used as a quantum state to be sent to a receiving end for detection. In this scheme, since the transmitting end has no modulation module, the conventional modulation-based frame synchronization method is not applicable. Thus, methods of frame synchronization using transmitted quantum states, such as the CN110213034B and CN116112164B patents, do not require additional modulation, can be adapted to passive CVQKD schemes, and can overcome the effects of slow phase drift. However, these frame synchronization methods are only suitable for passive CVQKD schemes with the same source of local oscillation light at the transmitting and receiving end, that is, after the transmitting end adopts a coherent light source to generate local oscillation light and split beams, one path of local oscillation light source is used for heterodyne detection, and the other path of local oscillation light source is transmitted to the receiving end through a channel for coherent detection of the thermal oscillation light source received by the receiving end. However, after the local oscillation light is transmitted through the channel, the problems of intensity attenuation, photon leakage, security loopholes and the like exist. The problems can be solved by adopting independent lasers to generate local oscillation light at the transmitting end and the receiving end respectively, however, because the phases of the two lasers are completely random, the inherent frequency bias and the rapid phase drift exist, the detection results of the two sides have deviation, and the correlation between the transmitted and received data is greatly reduced, so that the schemes are not applicable. For the local oscillation optical scheme, patent CN113660075a discloses a frame synchronization scheme based on a constant-envelope zero autocorrelation sequence, which can effectively overcome rapid phase drift and frequency offset between two independent lasers, however, the scheme still needs to additionally modulate a synchronization frame with a special structure and cannot be used for a passive CVQKD scheme before the synchronization frame is inserted into quantum state data.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a frame synchronization method for a passive continuous variable quantum key distribution system.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a frame synchronization method for a passive continuous variable quantum key distribution system, comprising the steps of:
step S1: the transmitting end splits the filtered thermal light source into local mode pulses and transmission mode pulses, and splits light generated by a first local oscillator light laser into first local oscillator pulses and phase reference pulses; performing heterodyne detection on local mode pulses by using first local oscillator optical pulses, generating a random sequence of a transmitting end, multiplexing the attenuated transmission mode pulses and phase reference pulses to a quantum channel in a preset multiplexing mode, and transmitting the quantum channel to a receiving end;
step S2: the receiving end demultiplexes the received signals to obtain phase reference pulses and transmission mode pulses, and splits the light generated by the second local oscillator laser into second local oscillator pulses and third local oscillator pulses; heterodyne detection is carried out on the phase reference pulse by using the second local oscillation pulse to obtain a reference detection sequenceAnd calculate the reference phase sequenceThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Heterodyne detection is carried out on the transmission mode pulse by using the third local oscillation pulse, so that a detection sequence is obtained>；
Step S3: the transmitting end randomly selects a subsequence with a preset length L from the random sequence of the transmitting end as a synchronous frame sequenceAnd by classical letterThe channel is published to a receiving end;
step S4: from which the receiving end detects the sequenceAnd reference phase sequence->L elements are selected from the ith bit of (1) to form the sequence +.>And->Subsequently using the reference phase sequence +.>For synchronization sequences->Phase rotation is performed to obtain a modified synchronization sequence +.>；
Step S5: the receiving end will correct the synchronization sequenceRespectively>Performing correlation operation on every two to obtain 4 correlation operation results;
step S6: the receiving end willAnd->Moving backwards bit by bit, repeating the step S4 and the step S5 to obtain 4 related result sequences, wherein at least one related result sequence comprises a peak value and a noise floor;
step S7: the receiving end compares the absolute values of the peak values of the 4 correlation result sequences, compares the maximum value of the four peak values with a preset threshold value, and judges that frame synchronization is completed when the preset threshold value is exceeded, so that the transmitting and receiving data are aligned; otherwise, the frame synchronization fails.
Preferably, the average photon number per pulse after the thermal light source is filtered in the step S1 is not less than 500.
Preferably, in the step S1, an asymmetric beam splitter is used to split the thermal light source and attenuate the transmission mode pulse.
Preferably, in the step S1, a symmetrical beam splitter is used to split the thermal light source, and an optical attenuator is used to attenuate the transmission mode pulse.
Preferably, the average photons per pulse of the reference pulse sequence in the step S1 is 1000.
Preferably, the predetermined multiplexing manner in the step S1 is polarization and time multiplexing.
Preferably, the correlation operation in the step S5 is a correction of the synchronization sequenceWith the probe sequenceA mathematical cross-correlation operation is performed.
Preferably, the predetermined threshold in the step S6 is 3 times standard deviation of the noise floor of the correlation result sequence.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a frame synchronization method for a passive continuous variable quantum key distribution system, wherein a small amount of random bit sequences are randomly selected from a random sequence of a transmitting end obtained by local measurement by the transmitting end and are published to a receiving end as synchronous frame sequences, the receiving end performs phase rotation on the random bit sequences by using measured reference phases and performs cross correlation operation with quantum state detection sequences, so that frame synchronization can be completed according to obtained correlation peaks, the frame synchronization method has higher synchronization success rate under the conditions of extremely low signal-to-noise ratio and random phase drift, frequency bias and rapid phase change between two independent lasers of the transmitting end can be overcome, no additional modulation device is required, and the method is suitable for the continuous variable quantum key distribution system prepared by a momentum sub-state.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the present invention for a passive continuous variable quantum key distribution system;
fig. 2 is a signal processing flow chart of a frame synchronization method for a passive continuous variable quantum key distribution system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the invention are shown.
As shown in fig. 1, a frame synchronization method for a passive continuous variable quantum key distribution system includes the steps of:
step S1: the transmitting end splits the filtered thermal light source into local mode pulses and transmission mode pulses, and splits light generated by a first local oscillator light laser into first local oscillator pulses and phase reference pulses; performing heterodyne detection on local mode pulses by using first local oscillator optical pulses, generating a random sequence of a transmitting end, multiplexing the attenuated transmission mode pulses and phase reference pulses to a quantum channel in a preset multiplexing mode, and transmitting the quantum channel to a receiving end;
step S2: the receiving end demultiplexes the received signals to obtain phase reference pulses and transmission mode pulses, and splits the light generated by the second local oscillator laser into second local oscillator pulses and third local oscillator pulses; heterodyne detection is carried out on the phase reference pulse by using the second local oscillation pulse to obtain a reference detection sequenceAnd calculate the reference phase sequenceThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Heterodyne detection is carried out on the transmission mode pulse by using the third local oscillation pulse, so that a detection sequence is obtained>；
Step S3: transmitting end slave transmitterRandomly selecting a subsequence with a preset length L from the random sequence of the transmitting end as a synchronous frame sequenceAnd published to a receiving end through a classical channel;
step S4: from which the receiving end detects the sequenceAnd reference phase sequence->L elements are selected from the ith bit of (1) to form the sequence +.>And->Subsequently using the reference phase sequence +.>For synchronization sequences->Phase rotation is performed to obtain a modified synchronization sequence +.>；
Step S5: the receiving end will correct the synchronization sequenceRespectively>Performing correlation operation on every two to obtain 4 correlation operation results;
step S6: the receiving end willAnd->Moving backward bit by bit, repeating step S4 and stepS5, obtaining 4 related result sequences, wherein at least one related result sequence comprises a peak value and a noise floor;
step S7: the receiving end compares the absolute values of the peak values of the 4 correlation result sequences, compares the maximum value of the four peak values with a preset threshold value, and judges that frame synchronization is completed when the preset threshold value is exceeded, so that the transmitting and receiving data are aligned; otherwise, the frame synchronization fails.
The specific working principle is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, at a transmitting end, a thermal light source is split into local mode pulses and transmission mode pulses after being filtered, and light generated by a first local oscillator light laser is split into a first local oscillator pulse and a phase reference pulse; the local mode pulse performs heterodyne detection through a first local oscillation optical pulse pair to generate a random sequence of a transmitting end; the transmission mode pulse is attenuated by the attenuator and then is transmitted to the receiving end together with the phase reference pulse through polarization and time multiplexing to the quantum channel.
The receiving end demultiplexes the received signals to obtain phase reference pulses and transmission mode pulses, and splits the light generated by the second local oscillator laser into second local oscillator pulses and third local oscillator pulses; heterodyne detection is carried out on the phase reference pulse by using the second local oscillation pulse, a reference detection sequence is obtained, and a reference phase sequence is calculated; heterodyne detection is carried out on the transmission mode pulse by using the third local oscillation pulse, and a detection sequence is obtained.
The transmitting end randomly selects a subsequence with a preset length from the random sequence of the transmitting end as a synchronous frame sequence and publishes the subsequence to the receiving end through a classical channel; the receiving end selects L elements from the detection sequence and the reference phase sequence respectively, and then phase rotation is carried out on the synchronous sequence by using the reference phase sequence to obtain a corrected synchronous sequence; the receiving end carries out correlation operation on the correction synchronization sequence and the detection sequence respectively; finally, carrying out peak value judgment, comparing the obtained cross-correlation peak value with a preset threshold value, and judging that frame synchronization is completed when the cross-correlation peak value exceeds the preset threshold value so as to align the transmitted and received data; otherwise, the frame synchronization fails.
The signal flow of the invention is shown in FIG. 2, assuming that the X component of the thermal light source isThe X-component before the transmission mode pulse enters the quantum channel and the X-component after heterodyning of the local mode pulse (P-component alike) can be written separately as
，
Wherein,,for the transmission of the attenuator, +.>The efficiency of heterodyne detection at the transmitting end and the electrical noise are respectively,are all vacuum noise. The detection result of the X component and the P component obtained after heterodyne detection of the local mode pulse is the random sequence of the transmitting end.
The receiving end demultiplexes the received signals to obtain phase reference pulses and transmission mode pulses, and splits the light generated by the second local oscillator laser into second local oscillator pulses and third local oscillator pulses; heterodyne detection is carried out on the phase reference pulse by using the second local oscillation pulse to obtain a reference detection sequenceAnd calculate the reference phase sequenceThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Heterodyning the transmit mode pulse using the third local oscillator pulse to obtain the X-component (P-component alike) of the transmit mode pulse as
，
Wherein,,for the transmittance of the quantum channel, +.>Efficiency and electrical noise of heterodyne detection of transmission mode pulses at the receiving end, respectively, +.>Are all vacuum noise. The result of the detection of the transmission mode pulse by the receiving end is the detection sequence +.>。
The transmitting end randomly selects subsequences with the length L from the random sequences of the transmitting end to be respectively used as synchronous sequencesAnd published to the sender over the classical channel.
Receiving end slave reference phase sequenceL elements are selected starting from the ith bit of (2) to obtain the sequence +.>According to each element in the sequence +.>Each element of (2) is phase rotated to obtain a corrected synchronization sequence：
，
Subsequently from the probe sequenceL elements are selected starting from the ith bit of (2) to obtain the sequence +.>And willRespectively with the sequence->And carrying out correlation operation on the two pairs to obtain 4 cross-correlation operation results.
The receiving end then performs shift operations, i.e. from the sequences respectively、 />L elements are selected starting from position i+1 of (2), the corresponding sequence +.>、 />、 />And according to->Is +.>Phase rotation is performed on each element of (1) to obtain a corrected synchronization sequence +.>Respectively with、 />And performing cross-correlation operation. The receiving end repeats the operation to obtain 4 groups of cross-correlation operation result sequences, wherein at least one group of the 4 groups of cross-correlation operation result sequences comprises obvious peaks, and the rest of the 4 groups of cross-correlation operation result sequences are noise bottoms which are expected to be 0.
When the received and transmitted data are not synchronous, namely the noise bottom of the cross-correlation operation result sequence in the shifting process, because different quantum states are mutually irrelevant, the cross-correlation between the quantum states is 0, and the covariance can be used for representing the cross-correlation
，
When the receiving and transmitting data are synchronous, namely shifting to obtain peak value of cross-correlation operation result sequence, the cross-correlation is
，
Wherein,,an average photon number for the thermal light source; />Is the relative phase shift between the two first local oscillation optical lasers and the second local oscillation optical lasers. It can be seen that when the synchronization is successful, one of the 4 cross-correlation operation results is not 0, and the maximum value of the absolute values is taken to obtain a peak value which is not 0 under any phase drift.
The receiving end sets a threshold valueComparing the absolute values of the peaks of the obtained 4 cross-correlation operation result sequences, and taking the larger one as +.>It is combined with a set threshold value +.>And comparing, judging that the synchronization is successful when the synchronization is larger than a threshold value, otherwise, judging that the synchronization is failed.
As can be seen from various embodiments of the present invention, the present invention provides a frame synchronization method for a passive continuous variable quantum key distribution system, where a transmitting end randomly selects a small number of random bit sequences from a random sequence of the transmitting end obtained by local measurement and publishes the random bit sequences to a receiving end as a synchronization frame sequence, the receiving end performs phase rotation on the random bit sequences by using a measured reference phase and performs cross correlation operation with a quantum state detection sequence, so that frame synchronization can be completed according to an obtained correlation peak, and the frame synchronization method has a higher synchronization success rate under the conditions of extremely low signal-to-noise ratio and any phase drift, can overcome frequency bias and rapid phase change between two independent lasers at a receiving end, does not need to additionally increase a modulation device, and is suitable for a continuous variable quantum key distribution system prepared by a momentum sub-state.
Claims (8)
1. A frame synchronization method for a passive continuous variable quantum key distribution system, comprising the steps of:
step S1: the transmitting end splits the filtered thermal light source into local mode pulses and transmission mode pulses, and splits light generated by a first local oscillator light laser into first local oscillator pulses and phase reference pulses; performing heterodyne detection on the local mode pulse by using a first local oscillator pulse, generating a random sequence of a transmitting end, multiplexing the attenuated transmission mode pulse and a phase reference pulse to a quantum channel in a preset multiplexing mode, and transmitting the quantum channel to a receiving end;
step S2: the receiving end demultiplexes the received signals to obtain phase reference pulses and transmission mode pulses, and splits the light generated by the second local oscillator laser into second local oscillator pulses and third local oscillator pulses; heterodyne detection is carried out on the phase reference pulse by using the second local oscillation pulse to obtain a reference detection sequenceAnd calculate the reference phase sequenceThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Heterodyne detection is carried out on the transmission mode pulse by using the third local oscillation pulse, so that a detection sequence is obtained>；
Step S3: transmitting end slaveRandomly selecting a subsequence with a preset length L from a random sequence of a transmitting end as a synchronous frame sequenceAnd published to a receiving end through a classical channel;
step S4: from which the receiving end detects the sequenceAnd reference phase sequence->L elements are selected from the ith bit of (1) to form the sequence +.>And->Subsequently using the reference phase sequence +.>For synchronization sequences->Phase rotation is performed to obtain a modified synchronization sequence +.>；
Step S5: the receiving end will correct the synchronization sequenceRespectively>Performing correlation operation on every two to obtain 4 correlation operation results;
step S6: the receiving end willAnd->Moving backwards bit by bit, repeating the step S4 and the step S5 to obtain 4 related result sequences, wherein at least one related result sequence comprises a peak value and a noise floor;
step S7: the receiving end compares the absolute values of the peak values of the 4 correlation result sequences, compares the maximum value of the four peak values with a preset threshold value, and judges that frame synchronization is completed when the preset threshold value is exceeded, so that the transmitting and receiving data are aligned; otherwise, the frame synchronization fails.
2. The frame synchronization method for a passive continuously variable quantum key distribution system according to claim 1, wherein the average photon number per pulse after the thermal light source is filtered in step S1 is not less than 500.
3. The frame synchronization method for a passive continuously variable quantum key distribution system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step S1, an asymmetric beam splitter is used to split the thermal light source and attenuate the transmission mode pulse.
4. The frame synchronization method for a passive continuous variable quantum key distribution system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the step S1 uses a symmetrical beam splitter to split the thermal light source and an optical attenuator to attenuate the transmission mode pulse.
5. The frame synchronization method for a passive continuously variable quantum key distribution system according to claim 4, wherein the average photons per pulse of the reference pulse sequence in step S1 is 1000.
6. The frame synchronization method for a passive continuous variable quantum key distribution system according to claim 5, wherein the predetermined multiplexing mode in step S1 is polarization and time double multiplexing.
7. The frame synchronization method for a passive continuous variable quantum key distribution system according to claim 6, wherein the correlation operation in step S5 is a modified synchronization sequenceAnd detection sequence->A mathematical cross-correlation operation is performed.
8. The frame synchronization method for a passive continuous variable quantum key distribution system according to claim 7, wherein the predetermined threshold in step S7 is 3 times standard deviation of the noise floor of the correlation result sequence.
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| CN109889274A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-06-14 | 中南大学 | New type of continuous variable quantum key distribution system and its phase estimation and compensation method |
| CN113141253A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-07-20 | 上海循态信息科技有限公司 | Continuous variable quantum key distribution method and system based on thermal state source |
| CN113660075A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2021-11-16 | 上海循态量子科技有限公司 | Method and system for synchronizing distribution bit frames of non-homologous local oscillator optical continuous variable quantum key |
| CN115834033A (en) * | 2022-10-20 | 2023-03-21 | 国科量子通信网络有限公司 | Dynamic password authentication system based on quantum key |
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| JP4632652B2 (en) * | 2003-10-10 | 2011-02-16 | 日本電気株式会社 | Quantum cryptographic key distribution system and synchronization method used therefor |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109889274A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-06-14 | 中南大学 | New type of continuous variable quantum key distribution system and its phase estimation and compensation method |
| CN113141253A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-07-20 | 上海循态信息科技有限公司 | Continuous variable quantum key distribution method and system based on thermal state source |
| CN113660075A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2021-11-16 | 上海循态量子科技有限公司 | Method and system for synchronizing distribution bit frames of non-homologous local oscillator optical continuous variable quantum key |
| CN115834033A (en) * | 2022-10-20 | 2023-03-21 | 国科量子通信网络有限公司 | Dynamic password authentication system based on quantum key |
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