CN116706559A - Frequency reconfigurable double-slit antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide - Google Patents
Frequency reconfigurable double-slit antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide Download PDFInfo
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- CN116706559A CN116706559A CN202310730979.7A CN202310730979A CN116706559A CN 116706559 A CN116706559 A CN 116706559A CN 202310730979 A CN202310730979 A CN 202310730979A CN 116706559 A CN116706559 A CN 116706559A
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
- H01Q15/002—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices being reconfigurable or tunable, e.g. using switches or diodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
- H01Q5/28—Arrangements for establishing polarisation or beam width over two or more different wavebands
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention relates to a frequency reconfigurable double-slot antenna based on a substrate integrated waveguide. The antenna comprises a top surface radiation metal layer, a middle dielectric layer and a bottom surface metal layer which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, wherein the top surface radiation metal layer is etched with a first gap and a second gap, the top surface radiation metal layer is also etched with a third gap for embedding a patch penetrating through the first gap and the second gap, the patch is connected with the top surface radiation metal layer at the second gap through a PIN diode, the top surface radiation metal layer is connected with a feeder line structure, and the antenna is provided with a plurality of through holes penetrating through the top surface radiation metal layer, the middle dielectric layer and the bottom surface metal layer. The dual-slit antenna is simple in structure, and has high gain and radiation efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless broadband communication, and particularly relates to a frequency reconfigurable double-slit antenna based on a substrate integrated waveguide.
Background
With the rapid development of 5G communication technology, more and more application scenarios including large-scale internet of things, smart cities, automatic driving and the like emerge, the demand for spectrum resources is also higher and higher, and how to better utilize spectrum resources becomes one of the important challenges faced by 5G communication technology.
In a 5G mobile communication system, an antenna is an important component of the communication system, the performance of the antenna is directly related to the performance of the whole communication system, the conventional antenna is difficult to adapt to the requirements of different frequency bands in practical application due to the characteristic of fixed frequency, and for the communication system needing to perform working switching in multiple frequency bands, multiple antennas need to be loaded, which increases the cost and complexity of the system.
The substrate integrated waveguide technology is to combine the characteristics of a microstrip line and a patch waveguide to manufacture a novel waveguide structure. Compared with the traditional microstrip line, the substrate integrated waveguide has lower loss, higher quality factor and better integration level. The 5G system requires a lower cost, smaller size and higher integration of the antenna to meet the demands of the terminal device.
Frequency reconfigurable technology refers to the ability to operate at multiple frequencies by changing parameters or structures of an antenna circuit. In a wireless communication system, the frequency reconfigurable technology can realize the functions of multi-band coverage, frequency hopping and the like, can effectively utilize spectrum resources, improves the utilization rate of the spectrum resources, meets the requirements of the 5G communication technology on the spectrum resources, and has high application value.
Antennas are core components in wireless communication systems, whose performance has a decisive influence on the overall performance of the system. Furthermore, the frequency reconfigurable antenna may reduce complexity and cost of the system. In the existing communication system, different frequency bands need to be transmitted by using different antennas, which increases the structure and cost of the system, and the frequency reconfigurable antenna can realize multi-band communication by changing the structure or electromagnetic parameters thereof, thereby greatly simplifying the structure and cost of the system. The demands of 5G mobile communication for frequency reconfigurable antennas mainly include wider band coverage, higher frequency reconfigurable performance, more accurate directional communication, and smaller size and higher integration. These needs may be met by employing advanced frequency reconfigurable technology and substrate integrated waveguide technology.
Aiming at the problems, the Chinese patent application No. CN202011060201.2 discloses a frequency reconfigurable antenna based on a substrate integrated waveguide and a preparation method thereof, wherein the antenna is etched with a rectangular ring groove and a long seam on the top surface, an additional metal through hole is inserted, twelve PIN diodes are symmetrically arranged along the rectangular ring groove so as to connect a patch to the top surface, and the frequency reconfigurability of the antenna in an S band and a C band is realized by switching the conducting state of the PIN. Although the invention can realize frequency reconstruction on two frequency bands, the volume of the antenna is relatively large, and the number of PIN diodes is too large, so that the cost is increased, and the problems of large volume and high cost exist. In addition, the bandwidth of the antenna is only 18 MHz in the S-frequency low-frequency mode, and is only 322MHz in the C-frequency high-frequency mode, so that the problem of narrow bandwidth exists.
The invention patent of China with the application number of CN201210268491.9 discloses a slot antenna with adjustable frequency of a substrate integrated waveguide, which adopts a double-slot structure, a metal radiation patch is led out on a metal layer, two PIN diodes are loaded between the metal layer and the metal radiation patch, and the frequency reconfiguration of the antenna is realized by switching the conduction state of the PIN diodes. The reconfigurable antenna is realized by adopting the principle that the diode is used as a radiating unit for double slits when the diode is cut off, and is used as a radiating unit for a metal radiating patch when the diode is conducted, so that the complexity of the antenna is increased. When the diode is conducted, the antenna is switched from a directional antenna to an omnidirectional antenna, the radiation efficiency diverges, and the gain is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the frequency reconfigurable double-slot antenna based on the substrate integrated waveguide, which has the advantages of simple structure, higher gain and radiation efficiency.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a frequency reconfigurable double slit antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide, includes top surface radiation metal layer, middle dielectric layer, the bottom surface metal layer that from top to bottom connects gradually, top surface radiation metal layer sculpture has first gap, second gap, still the sculpture has the third gap that is used for inlaying the paster of establishing first gap, second gap on the top surface radiation metal layer, the paster passes through the PIN diode and is connected with top surface radiation metal layer in second gap department, top surface radiation metal layer is connected with feeder line structure, and the antenna is equipped with a plurality of through-holes that run through top surface radiation metal layer, middle dielectric layer, bottom surface metal layer.
Preferably, the first slit and the second slit are arranged in parallel.
Preferably, the second slit is a rectangular slit, and the first slit is in a shape with a narrow middle and wide two sides.
Preferably, the width of the second gap ranges from 0.8mm to 1mm.
As a preferable scheme, the width range of the first gap is 0.7 mm-3.4 mm.
Preferably, the lengths of the first gap and the second gap are equal.
Preferably, the lengths of the first slot and the second slot are half of the corresponding working wavelength of the antenna center working frequency.
As a preferable scheme, a plurality of through holes which are uniformly distributed are arranged at the periphery of the antenna.
Preferably, the patch is disposed on the intermediate dielectric layer.
Preferably, the patch is connected with the top surface radiation metal layer only at the second gap through the PIN diode, and the rest positions of the patch are not contacted with the top surface radiation metal layer.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the antenna is designed by combining the substrate integrated waveguide technology and the frequency reconfigurable technology, firstly, aiming at the substrate integrated waveguide technology, the antenna has the advantages of wide bandwidth, high precision, small volume, light weight, low loss, high Q value, good gain and radiation efficiency, simple structure, simple process implementation, easy integration with a planar circuit and suitability for a wireless broadband communication system; secondly, aiming at the frequency reconfigurable technology, the antenna is loaded with a PIN diode, so that the current distribution of the surface of the antenna can be changed, and in the invention, the high-order electric field mode (TE 320 mode) of the antenna is specifically moved to Gao Jiefang, so that the working frequency band of the antenna can be reconfigured, finally, the antenna can realize the frequency reconfiguration of n257 and n258 on the 5G high frequency band, the problem of the frequency reconfiguration on the 5G high frequency band is solved, the effective utilization of spectrum resources is realized, and the cost and the complexity of a communication system are also reduced. The concrete steps are as follows: when the PIN diode is cut off, the antenna works in an n257 frequency band of 5G mobile communication, the working bandwidth is 24.78-25.96 GHz, when the PIN diode is switched on, the surface current distribution of the antenna is changed, the frequency of a high-order electric field mode in the cavity of the antenna moves towards a high frequency direction, the antenna works in an n258 frequency band of 5G mobile communication, and the working bandwidth is 26.43-26.92GHz.
The radiating unit is of a double-slit structure formed by the first slit and the second slit, the antenna is simple in structure, and loss caused by change of the radiating unit can be avoided. When the diode is cut off, the highest gain is 8.96 dBi, the radiation efficiency is more than 80.2 percent, and when the diode is conducted, the highest gain is 7.11dBi, the radiation efficiency is more than 74.1 percent, and the antenna has the advantages of simple composition structure and higher gain and radiation efficiency.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a frequency reconfigurable dual slot antenna based on a substrate integrated waveguide according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the arrangement structure of the patch.
Fig. 3 is a side view of a frequency reconfigurable dual slot antenna based on a substrate integrated waveguide in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a simulated return loss plot for the PIN diode in the off and on states.
Fig. 5 is a graph of the real part of the input impedance in the PIN diode off and on states.
Fig. 6 is a gain plot for the n257 operating frequency band with the PIN diode off.
Fig. 7 is a graph of radiation efficiency at the n257 operating frequency bands with the PIN diode off.
Fig. 8 is a gain plot for the n258 operating band with the PIN diode off.
Fig. 9 is a graph of radiation efficiency at the n258 operating band with the PIN diode off.
Fig. 10 is a graph of the antenna surface current profile at the n257 operating frequency bands with the PIN diode off.
Fig. 11 is a graph of the antenna surface current profile at the n258 operating band with the PIN diode on.
In the figure: 1. a top radiation metal layer; 2. an intermediate dielectric layer; 3. a bottom metal layer; 4. a feeder line structure; 5. a through hole; 7. a first slit; 8. a second slit; 9. a cavity; 10. a PIN diode; 11. i-shaped paster; 12. and a third slit.
Detailed Description
The following specific examples are presented to illustrate the present invention, and those skilled in the art will readily appreciate the additional advantages and capabilities of the present invention as disclosed herein. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the embodiment provides a frequency reconfigurable dual-slit antenna based on a substrate integrated waveguide, which comprises a top surface radiation metal layer 1, a middle dielectric layer 2 and a bottom surface metal layer 3 sequentially connected from top to bottom, wherein the three layers are tightly attached to form the whole antenna, and the whole size of the antenna is 17.8mm by 13.8mm by 1mm.
The intermediate dielectric layer 2 is made of Rogers RT5580 material with low loss characteristic, is a plane plate and is used for propagating electric field modes and supporting.
The bottom metal layer 3 is a metal plate without any circuit structure for reflecting internal electromagnetic waves.
The top surface radiation metal layer 1 is etched with a first gap 7 and a second gap 8, the top surface radiation metal layer 1 is also etched with a third gap 12 for embedding a patch 11 penetrating through the first gap 7 and the second gap 8, and the patch 11 is connected with the top surface radiation metal layer 1 at the second gap 8 through a PIN diode 10.
In this embodiment, the patch 11 is an "i" patch, and the "i" patch traverses the first slit 7 and the second slit 8, but is not directly connected to the top radiation metal layer 1, and is connected to the top radiation metal layer 1 only at the second slit 8 through the PIN diode 10. And the third slit 12 is arranged as narrow as possible. The I-shaped patch is not directly connected with the top surface radiation metal layer 1, so that the voltage drop of the PIN diode 10 is conveniently given to the antenna during operation, and the switching of the on-state and the off-state of the PIN diode 10 is realized. And the third gap 12 is as narrow as possible, that is, the distance between the I-shaped patch and the top radiation metal layer 1 is as narrow as possible, which is beneficial to reducing the loss caused by wave leakage.
The first gap 7 and the second gap 8 are arranged in parallel, and the lengths of the first gap and the second gap are equal, and are half of the corresponding working wavelength of the antenna center working frequency. The second gap 8 is a rectangular gap, and the width range of the gap is 0.8 mm-1 mm. The first gap 7 is in a shape with a narrow middle and wide two sides, and the width range of the gap is 0.7 mm-3.4 mm.
The top radiation metal layer 1 is connected with a feeder structure 4, and the characteristic impedance of the feeder structure 4 is 50 ohms.
The antenna is equipped with a plurality of through-holes 5 that run through top surface radiation metal layer 1, intermediate dielectric layer 2, bottom surface metal layer 3 along the array all around, and a plurality of through-holes 5 constitute the cavity 9 of antenna for the radiation electromagnetic energy is stored in cavity 9, has reduced the loss, makes TE mode can transmit in intermediate dielectric layer 2 simultaneously, and restricts the transmission of TM mode.
The invention combines the substrate integrated waveguide technology and the frequency reconfigurable technology to design an antenna, firstly, aiming at the substrate integrated waveguide technology, the antenna has wide bandwidth, high precision, small volume, light weight, low loss and high Q value, has better gain and radiation efficiency, has simple structure, simple process realization and easy integration with a planar circuit, and can be suitable for a wireless broadband communication system; secondly, for the frequency reconfigurable technology, the antenna is loaded with a PIN diode, so that the current distribution of the surface of the antenna can be changed, and in the invention, the antenna is specifically operated in a high-order electric field mode (TE 320 Mode) to Gao Jiefang, so that the operating band of the antenna can be reconfigured, as shown in fig. 5. Finally, the antenna can realize the frequency reconfiguration of n257 and n258 on the 5G high frequency band, solves the problem of the frequency reconfiguration on the 5G high frequency band, realizes the effective utilization of spectrum resources, and reduces the cost and complexity of a communication system.
The concrete steps are as follows: when the PIN diode is cut off, the antenna works in an n257 frequency band of 5G mobile communication, the working bandwidth is 24.78-25.96 GHz, when the PIN diode is switched on, the surface current distribution of the antenna is changed, the frequency of a high-order electric field mode in the cavity of the antenna moves towards a high frequency direction, the antenna works in an n258 frequency band of 5G mobile communication, and the working bandwidth is 26.43-26.92GHz.
And no matter the diode is switched on or off, the radiating unit has a double-slit structure consisting of a first slit and a second slit, and can be shown by referring to fig. 10 and 11. The antenna has a simple structure, and can avoid the problem of loss caused by the change of the radiating element, as shown in fig. 4. The invention uses the same radiation unit composed of double-slit structure in two switchable working frequency bands, simplifies the composition structure of the antenna and reduces the loss caused by wave leakage. When the diode is cut off, the highest gain is 8.96 dBi, the radiation efficiency is more than 80.2%, when the diode is conducted, the highest gain is 7.11dBi, the radiation efficiency is more than 74.1%, and the antenna is simple in composition structure and high in gain and radiation efficiency, as shown in fig. 6-9.
Referring to fig. 10 and 11, the surface current distribution of the diode is shown when the diode is turned on and off, and it can be seen that when the PIN diode is turned on, the surface current generated on the i-shaped patch is transmitted to the upper portion of the second slit, and the surface current distribution is changed. Regardless of whether the PIN diode is turned on or off, the surface current is always concentrated on the double slit structure, i.e., the double slit structure is always used as a radiating element. When the slots are switched to serve as the radiating units, the phenomenon that one slot does not work, electromagnetic waves leak or escape from a waveguide structure possibly is avoided, so that wave leakage loss is caused, and the radiation efficiency of the antenna is reduced due to the wave leakage loss.
The above examples are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a frequency reconfigurable double slit antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide, its characterized in that, includes top surface radiation metal layer, middle dielectric layer, the bottom surface metal layer that from top to bottom connects gradually, top surface radiation metal layer sculpture has first gap, second gap, still the sculpture has the third gap that is used for inlaying the paster of establishing running through first gap, second gap on the top surface radiation metal layer, the paster passes through the PIN diode and is connected with top surface radiation metal layer in second gap department, top surface radiation metal layer is connected with feeder line structure, and the antenna is equipped with a plurality of through-holes that run through top surface radiation metal layer, middle dielectric layer, bottom surface metal layer.
2. The frequency reconfigurable dual slot antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide of claim 1, wherein the first slot and the second slot are arranged in parallel.
3. The frequency reconfigurable dual slot antenna of claim 2, wherein the second slot is a rectangular slot and the first slot is in the shape of a middle narrow side width.
4. The frequency reconfigurable dual slot antenna of claim 3, wherein the width of the second slot ranges from 0.8mm to 1mm.
5. The frequency reconfigurable dual slot antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide of claim 4, wherein the width of the first slot ranges from 0.7mm to 3.4mm.
6. The frequency reconfigurable dual slot antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide of claim 2, wherein the first slot and the second slot are equal in length.
7. The dual slot antenna of claim 6, wherein the lengths of the first slot and the second slot are each one half of the operating wavelength corresponding to the central operating frequency of the antenna.
8. The frequency reconfigurable dual slot antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide of claim 1, wherein a plurality of evenly distributed through holes are arranged on the peripheral edge of the antenna.
9. The dual slot antenna of claim 1, wherein the patch is disposed on the intermediate dielectric layer.
10. The dual slot antenna of claim 9, wherein the patch is connected to the top radiating metal layer only at the second slot via a PIN diode, and the remainder of the patch is not in contact with the top radiating metal layer.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310730979.7A CN116706559A (en) | 2023-06-20 | 2023-06-20 | Frequency reconfigurable double-slit antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide |
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| CN202310730979.7A CN116706559A (en) | 2023-06-20 | 2023-06-20 | Frequency reconfigurable double-slit antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117559127A (en) * | 2024-01-12 | 2024-02-13 | 中国计量大学 | Single-double-frequency adjustable frequency reconfigurable vehicle-mounted antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide |
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2023
- 2023-06-20 CN CN202310730979.7A patent/CN116706559A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117559127A (en) * | 2024-01-12 | 2024-02-13 | 中国计量大学 | Single-double-frequency adjustable frequency reconfigurable vehicle-mounted antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide |
| CN117559127B (en) * | 2024-01-12 | 2024-03-29 | 中国计量大学 | Single-double-frequency adjustable frequency reconfigurable vehicle-mounted antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide |
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