CN116699923A - Liquid crystal microlens array and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents
Liquid crystal microlens array and method for manufacturing the same Download PDFInfo
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- CN116699923A CN116699923A CN202310789633.4A CN202310789633A CN116699923A CN 116699923 A CN116699923 A CN 116699923A CN 202310789633 A CN202310789633 A CN 202310789633A CN 116699923 A CN116699923 A CN 116699923A
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 137
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002858 crystal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
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Abstract
The invention provides a liquid crystal microlens array and a manufacturing method thereof. A liquid crystal microlens array comprising: a first substrate; the second substrate is arranged opposite to the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a first electrode layer disposed between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer, the first electrode layer including a plurality of electrode units having the same polygonal shape and arranged in an array; the electrode unit comprises a central electrode, a plurality of first ring electrodes and a plurality of discontinuous electrodes which are sequentially arranged at intervals from inside to outside; and a second electrode layer disposed between the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer. The liquid crystal micro-lens array has simple manufacturing process, can modulate most of incident light passing through the liquid crystal micro-lens array, and has high light utilization rate; the size and the appearance of the liquid crystal microlens array are not limited, and the smaller electrode unit size can be set according to the required short focal length, so that the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is reduced, and the response time is shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of liquid crystal lenses, in particular to a liquid crystal micro lens array and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
For a general liquid crystal lens (refractive liquid crystal lens), the relationship between the optical path difference and the focal length satisfies Δnd=r 2 And/(2 f), wherein Δn is the refractive index anisotropy value of the liquid crystal material, d is the cell thickness of the liquid crystal lens, r is the radius of the liquid crystal lens, and f is the focal length of the liquid crystal lens. As is clear from the relation between the optical path difference and the focal length, for a large-sized and small-focal-length liquid crystal lens, the product (Δnd) of the refractive index anisotropy value and the cell thickness must be large, wherein the refractive index anisotropy value is limited by the characteristics of the liquid crystal material itself, so that a large cell thickness is required. However, an excessively large thickness of the liquid crystal cell causes problems of difficult processing of the liquid crystal lens and long response time. Although the thickness of the liquid crystal cell can be reduced and the response time can be shortened by using the fresnel liquid crystal lens, the line width (width of the electrode) of the fresnel liquid crystal lens becomes narrower as the size increases, and there is a limitation in large-size processing. Meanwhile, for a larger-sized liquid crystal lens (single lens), the farther the light is off-axis, the larger the aberration and chromatic aberration are caused.
The liquid crystal microlens and the liquid crystal microlens array formed by the liquid crystal microlens can solve the problems to a great extent. The liquid crystal micro lens can be a refractive lens or a diffractive lens, can be set to be smaller according to the required short focal length, has smaller thickness of a liquid crystal box, can greatly improve response time, and meanwhile, the liquid crystal micro lens array formed by the liquid crystal micro lenses is not limited by the size of the external dimension.
Currently, forming a liquid crystal microlens (array) mostly requires forming a predetermined surface shape, such as a spherical surface, a cylindrical surface, a curved surface, etc., on one substrate by a light-transmitting material, and forming a microcavity between the two substrates, the liquid crystal material being disposed within the microcavity. The liquid crystal micro lens (array) is prefabricated into a required surface shape, the surface shape is usually formed by adopting a nano imprinting technology, a photoresist melting technology, a reactive ion beam etching technology and the like, the process is complex, and meanwhile, the refractive index of a light-transmitting material for forming the prefabricated surface shape is matched with the refractive index of the liquid crystal material.
The matters in the background section are only those known to the inventors and do not, of course, represent prior art in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of one or more of the drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention provides a liquid crystal microlens array, comprising:
a first substrate;
a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate;
a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate;
a first electrode layer disposed between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer, the first electrode layer including a plurality of electrode units having the same polygonal shape and disposed in an array; the electrode unit comprises a central electrode, a plurality of first ring electrodes and a plurality of discontinuous electrodes which are sequentially arranged at intervals from inside to outside, wherein the plurality of first ring electrodes are arranged at intervals in a concentric ring shape by taking the central electrode as the center; the plurality of discontinuous electrodes are distributed in a plurality of circular ring areas taking the central electrode as the center, and the discontinuous electrodes in the same circular ring area are arranged at intervals; wherein, between adjacent electrode units, the first ring electrodes of the outermost peripheries which are close to each other are electrically connected with each other, and the discontinuous electrodes which are close to each other are electrically connected with each other to form a closed electrode ring; and
and a second electrode layer disposed between the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer.
According to one aspect of the invention, the geometry of the central electrode is circular, the geometry of the first ring electrode is circular or part circular, and the geometry of the discontinuous electrode is circular segment.
According to one aspect of the invention, the geometry of the electrode units is equilateral triangle, square or regular hexagon, wherein the edges of adjacent electrode units are aligned, and the discontinuous electrodes in the same annular region are arranged at equal intervals.
According to one aspect of the invention, the inner edge of the outermost first ring electrode is circular, and the outer edge of the outermost first ring electrode is formed by a plurality of straight line segments and a plurality of circular arc segments alternately, and the straight line segments coincide with the geometric boundary of the electrode unit.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a ratio of a minimum width of the outermost first ring electrode to a maximum width of the first ring electrode is greater than or equal to 0.5.
According to one aspect of the invention, the liquid crystal microlens array forms a refractive liquid crystal lens.
According to one aspect of the present invention, the liquid crystal microlens array forms a diffractive liquid crystal lens;
in the electrode unit, the center electrode and the plurality of first ring electrodes are configured to be driven by a first set of voltages, and the plurality of discontinuous electrodes are configured to be driven by a second set of voltages, wherein the driving voltage of the first ring electrodes is greater than that of the center electrode, and the driving voltage of the first ring electrodes farther from the center electrode is greater; the drive voltage of the discontinuous electrode is greater the farther from the center electrode.
According to one aspect of the invention, the maximum differential pressure of the first set of voltages is greater than the maximum differential pressure of the second set of voltages.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the first electrode layer is a single-layer structure, and the center electrode, the first ring electrode, and the discontinuous electrode are disposed on the same layer; or alternatively, the process may be performed,
the first electrode layer is of a multi-layer structure, and the central electrode, the plurality of first ring electrodes and the plurality of discontinuous electrodes in the electrode unit are alternately arranged in two layers.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a first alignment layer is disposed between the first electrode layer and the liquid crystal layer, and a second alignment layer is disposed between the second electrode layer and the liquid crystal layer, wherein the alignment directions of the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer are opposite and antiparallel.
The invention also provides a manufacturing method of the liquid crystal micro lens array, which comprises the following steps:
forming a first electrode layer on a first substrate, wherein the first electrode layer includes a plurality of electrode units having the same polygonal shape and arranged in an array; the electrode unit comprises a central electrode, a plurality of first ring electrodes and a plurality of discontinuous electrodes which are sequentially arranged at intervals from inside to outside, wherein the plurality of first ring electrodes are arranged at intervals in a concentric ring shape by taking the central electrode as the center; the plurality of discontinuous electrodes are distributed in a plurality of circular ring areas taking the central electrode as the center, and the discontinuous electrodes in the same circular ring area are arranged at intervals; wherein, between adjacent electrode units, the first ring electrodes of the outermost peripheries which are close to each other are electrically connected with each other, and the discontinuous electrodes which are close to each other are electrically connected with each other to form a closed electrode ring;
forming a second electrode layer on a second substrate; and
a liquid crystal layer is formed between the first substrate and the second substrate.
According to one aspect of the invention, the geometry of the central electrode is circular, the geometry of the first ring electrode is circular or part circular, and the geometry of the discontinuous electrode is circular segment.
According to one aspect of the invention, the electrode units have the same geometry, the geometry of the electrode units being equilateral triangles, squares or regular hexagons, wherein the edges of adjacent electrode units are aligned.
According to one aspect of the invention, the inner edge of the outermost first ring electrode is circular, and the outer edge of the outermost first ring electrode is formed by a plurality of straight line segments and a plurality of circular arc segments alternately, and the straight line segments coincide with the geometric boundary of the electrode unit.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a ratio of a minimum width of the outermost first ring electrode to a maximum width of the first ring electrode is 0.5 or more.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the first electrode layer is a single-layer structure, and the center electrode, the first ring electrode, and the discontinuous electrode are disposed on the same layer; or alternatively, the process may be performed,
the first electrode layer is of a multi-layer structure, and the central electrode, the plurality of first ring electrodes and the plurality of discontinuous electrodes in the electrode unit are alternately arranged in two layers.
According to one aspect of the invention, the manufacturing method further comprises:
a first orientation layer is arranged on the surface of the first electrode layer;
and a second orientation layer is arranged on the surface of the second electrode layer, wherein the orientation directions of the first orientation layer and the second orientation layer are opposite and antiparallel.
According to one aspect of the invention, the manufacturing method further comprises:
arranging a spacer on the first substrate or the second substrate;
forming a rubber frame on the first substrate or the second substrate; and
and combining the first substrate with the second substrate and curing the rubber frame.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides the liquid crystal micro-lens array, which has simple manufacturing process, is compatible with the traditional LCD (liquid crystal display, liquir Crystal Display) process, can modulate most of incident light passing through the liquid crystal micro-lens array, and has high light utilization rate.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the embodiments of the invention, serve to explain the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal microlens array 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 shows a schematic view of a liquid crystal microlens array 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 shows a schematic view of an electrode unit of a liquid crystal microlens array 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a liquid crystal microlens array according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of a first electrode layer according to a first embodiment of the invention
Fig. 6 shows a schematic view of a first electrode layer according to another embodiment of the invention;
fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram of a liquid crystal microlens array 200 according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 shows a schematic diagram of an electrode unit of a liquid crystal microlens array 200 according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 shows a schematic diagram of a liquid crystal microlens array 300 according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 shows a schematic diagram of an electrode unit of a liquid crystal microlens array 300 according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 shows a schematic view of the spatial distribution of the optical path difference formed after the liquid crystal microlens array 100 is driven in accordance with the positive refractive type liquid crystal lens;
FIG. 12 shows a liquid crystal microlens A of FIG. 11 1 Schematic of the optical path difference in the spatial distribution;
fig. 13 shows the liquid crystal microlens a of fig. 12 1 An optical path difference graph at a plurality of sections;
FIG. 14 shows a liquid crystal microlens A of a regular hexagonal shape for driving electrodes in the related art 2 Schematic of (2);
fig. 15 shows the liquid crystal microlens a of fig. 14 2 Is a schematic diagram of the optical path difference spatial distribution;
fig. 16 shows the liquid crystal microlens a of fig. 14 2 An optical path difference graph at a plurality of sections;
FIG. 17 schematically shows a liquid crystal microlens A 1 、A 2 A focal length variation map in the range of 0-180 DEG cross section;
FIG. 18 shows a schematic view of an electrode unit according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 19 shows a partial schematic view of a liquid crystal microlens array 400 having three electrode units;
FIGS. 20 and 21 show an optical path difference layout and an optical path difference curve distribution diagram of a C-C' section of a liquid crystal microlens array, respectively;
fig. 22 shows a flowchart of a method 500 of manufacturing a liquid crystal microlens array according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As will be recognized by those of skill in the pertinent art, the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, and may be mechanically connected, electrically connected, or may communicate with each other, for example; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may include both the first and second features being in direct contact, as well as the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other through additional features therebetween. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the invention. In order to simplify the present disclosure, components and arrangements of specific examples are described below. They are, of course, merely examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the present invention may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples, which are for the purpose of brevity and clarity, and which do not themselves indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and/or arrangements discussed. In addition, the present invention provides examples of various specific processes and materials, but one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize the application of other processes and/or the use of other materials.
The embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation of the present invention only, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal microlens array 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention, fig. 2 shows a schematic view of the liquid crystal microlens array 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, fig. 3 shows a schematic view of an electrode unit 141 of the liquid crystal microlens array 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and the detailed description will be made below with reference to fig. 1 to 3.
As shown in fig. 1, the liquid crystal microlens array 100 includes a first substrate 110, a second substrate 120, a liquid crystal layer 130, a first electrode layer 140, and a second electrode layer 150, wherein the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120 may be transparent glass substrates, the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120 are disposed opposite to each other, the liquid crystal layer 130 is disposed between the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120, the first electrode layer 140 is disposed between the first substrate 110 and the liquid crystal layer 130, the second electrode layer 150 is disposed between the second substrate 120 and the liquid crystal layer 130, the second electrode layer 150 may serve as a common electrode, and the common electrode may be a full-face ITO (Inrium Tin Oxires) electrode or a transparent electrode, for example. As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the first electrode layer 140 includes a plurality of electrode units 141, the plurality of electrode units 141 having the same polygonal shape and being arranged in an array (for example, as shown in fig. 3, the geometry of the electrode units 141 is a regular hexagon). The electrode unit 141 includes a central electrode 142, a plurality of first ring electrodes 143, and a plurality of discontinuous electrodes 144 sequentially disposed at intervals from inside to outside, wherein the central electrode 142 may be disposed at a central position of the electrode unit 141, the plurality of first ring electrodes 143 may be different in size, the plurality of first ring electrodes 143 are disposed at intervals in a concentric ring shape with the central electrode 142 as a center, the plurality of discontinuous electrodes 144 are distributed in a plurality of ring areas with the central electrode 142 as a center, wherein there may be a plurality of discontinuous electrodes 144 in each ring area (for example, six discontinuous electrodes 144 are distributed in each ring area as shown in fig. 3), and the discontinuous electrodes 144 in the same ring area are disposed at intervals along a circumferential direction of the ring area, preferably at equal intervals. As shown in fig. 2, the first ring electrodes 143 at the outermost peripheries of adjacent electrode units 141, which are adjacent to each other, are electrically connected to each other to form one electrode (or referred to as a large electrode), and the discontinuous electrodes 144, which are adjacent to each other, are electrically connected to each other to form closed ring electrodes (e.g., D1, D2).
The second electrode layer 150 may be formed of a plurality of electrode units having the same polygonal shape and arranged in an array, like the first electrode layer. And will not be described in detail herein.
In the embodiment of fig. 2 and 3, the plurality of electrode units 141 have the same structure, having a center electrode 142, a first ring electrode 143, and a discontinuous electrode 144, respectively, from inside to outside, and the first ring electrodes 143 contacting each other between adjacent electrode units 141 are both outermost first ring electrodes 143 on the surface thereof, and are the same in size. The same is true for the discontinuous electrode 144.
The first electrode layer 140 and the second electrode layer 150 may be used to apply a driving voltage to the liquid crystal layer 130, so that the liquid crystal layer 130 forms a plurality of liquid crystal microlenses (each electrode unit 141 forms one liquid crystal microlens, respectively), as shown in fig. 3, the size of the formed liquid crystal microlenses is related to (may be substantially the same as) the size of the electrode units 141, so that the formed liquid crystal microlenses may have different radii (distances between center points and edges) in different cross-sectional directions, and when the electrode units 141 of the regular hexagon shown in fig. 3 are taken as an example, the x-axis is a direction connecting two opposite angles of the regular hexagon, and the included angle between the cross-section a-a' and the x-axis is n×60 ° (N is an integer), the electrode units 141 (and the corresponding liquid crystal microlenses) have the maximum radius r max The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The cross section a-a' has a minimum radius r at an angle (2N+1) x 30 DEG to the x axis min . In the liquid crystal microlens array 100, the center distance l=2r between any two adjacent liquid crystal microlenses (electrode units 141) min . Although in the embodiment shown in fig. 3, the maximum radius direction of the liquid crystal microlens is located in the direction having an angle n×60° with respect to the x-axis, in other embodiments, the liquid crystal microlens (electrode unit 141) may be rotated by 0 ° to 60 ° as needed, and fig. 4 shows a liquid crystal microlens array formed by rotating the liquid crystal microlens (electrode unit 141) by 30 °.
Since the first ring electrodes 143 at the outermost peripheries close to each other are electrically connected to each other to form one large electrode, the liquid crystal microlens array 100 can modulate (e.g., converge, diverge, collimate, etc.) all incident light, and the light utilization efficiency is high. The size and the shape of the liquid crystal microlens array 100 are not limited, and can be set according to actual requirements, and the size of the smaller electrode unit 141 (the size of the electrode unit 141 corresponds to the size of the liquid crystal microlens) can be set according to the required short focal length, so that the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 130 is reduced, and the response time is shortened.
According to the first embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, in the same electrode unit 141, the center electrode 142, the first ring electrode 143, and the discontinuous electrode 144 are substantially concentric (the centers of circles substantially overlap). The geometry of the center electrode 142 is circular, the geometry of the first ring electrode 143 is circular or a partial circular ring (the partial circular ring is a closed ring, which is understood to be a shape formed by cutting a part or parts of the circular ring from the outer edge), and the geometry of the discontinuous electrode 144 is a circular ring segment (which is understood to be a shape formed by cutting the circular ring). By the arrangement, the corresponding liquid crystal micro lenses can have the same focal length in all section directions, and space light can be well focused or dispersed.
According to the first embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, in the same electrode unit 141, the geometry of the outermost first ring electrode 143 is the partial circular ring shape, and the geometry of the other first ring electrodes 143 is circular ring shape. Specifically, the inner edge of the outermost first ring electrode 143 is circular, and the outer edge is formed by alternately connecting a plurality of straight line segments and a plurality of circular arc segments (the number of straight line segments and circular arc segments is related to the geometry of the electrode unit 141, for example, in this embodiment, the outer edge is formed by six straight line segments and six circular arc segments), wherein the straight line segments coincide with the geometric boundary of the electrode unit 141. Preferably, the ratio of the minimum width w' of the outermost first ring electrode 143 to the maximum width w″ of the first ring electrode 143 is greater than or equal to 0.5. More preferably, the ratio of the minimum width w' of the outermost first ring electrode 143 to the maximum width w″ of the first ring electrode 143 is equal to 0.5. Because the two adjacent electrode units 141 are connected through the first ring electrode 143 at the outermost periphery, the ratio is set to 0.5, so that the first ring electrode at the outermost periphery of each electrode unit 141 is equivalent to a complete ring electrode, and the voltage setting and the voltage driving are convenient to form focal lengths with equal size.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic view of the first electrode layer 140 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 5, the first electrode layer 140 has a single-layer structure. In the first electrode layer 140, the center electrode 142, the first ring electrode 143, and the discontinuous electrode 144 are disposed on the same layer, and adjacent electrodes are spaced apart at a certain interval. In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the first electrode layer 140 may also be a multi-layer structure; wherein the center electrode 142, the plurality of first ring electrodes 143, and the plurality of discontinuous electrodes 144 are alternately arranged in two layers, and a dielectric layer may be disposed between the two layers to separate and insulate the electrodes in the two layers.
According to the first embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, a first alignment layer 160 may be disposed between a first electrode layer 140 and a liquid crystal layer 130, a second alignment layer 170 may be disposed between a second electrode layer 150 and the liquid crystal layer 130, the alignment directions of the first alignment layer 160 and the second alignment layer 170 are opposite and antiparallel, and the first alignment layer 160 and the second alignment layer 170 may be aligned by means of rubbing alignment.
Fig. 7 shows a schematic view of a liquid crystal microlens array 200 according to a second embodiment of the present invention, fig. 8 shows a schematic view of an electrode unit 141 of the liquid crystal microlens array 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention, and the detailed description will be made with reference to fig. 7 and 8.
As shown in fig. 3, 7 and 8, the liquid crystal microlens array 200 is different from the liquid crystal microlens array 100 in that: in the liquid crystal microlens array 200, the electrode units 141 have a square geometry, and the plurality of electrode units 141 in the first electrode layer 140 may be arranged in a rectangular array. The first electrode layer 140 and the second electrode layer 150 may be used to apply a driving voltage to the liquid crystal layer 130, so that the liquid crystal layer 130 forms a plurality of liquid crystal microlenses, as shown in fig. 8, the formed liquid crystal microlenses may have radii different in different cross-sectional directions, the x-axis is a direction parallel to one side of the positive direction, and the cross-section b-b 'has a minimum radius r when the included angle between the x-axis and the cross-section b-b' is n×90° min The cross section b-b 'has the maximum radius r when the included angle between the cross section b-b' and the x axis is (2N+1) 45 DEG max 。
Fig. 9 shows a schematic view of a liquid crystal microlens array 300 according to a third embodiment of the present invention, fig. 10 shows a schematic view of an electrode unit 141 of the liquid crystal microlens array 300 according to a second embodiment of the present invention, and the detailed description will be made with reference to fig. 9 and 10.
As shown in fig. 3, 9 and 10, the liquid crystal microlens array 300 is different from the liquid crystal microlens array 100 in that: in the liquid crystal microlens array 300, the electrode units 141 have regular triangles in geometry, and each six electrode units 141 are arranged to form an electrode group having regular hexagons in geometry, and the electrode groups are further expanded, for example, arranged in a hexagonal array.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal microlens array may be driven to form a refractive liquid crystal lens. For example, in driving, in each electrode unit, the driving voltages of the center electrode, the first ring electrode, and the discontinuous electrode monotonically increase (form a positive liquid crystal lens) or monotonically decrease (form a negative liquid crystal lens) from the center to the edge of the electrode unit.
In order to intuitively embody the effect of the liquid crystal microlens array disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention, the following is exemplified in connection with the related art.
Taking the liquid crystal microlens array 100 as an example, the liquid crystal layer 130 can be formed into a plurality of liquid crystal microlenses a by applying a driving voltage to the liquid crystal layer 130 through the first electrode layer 140 and the second electrode layer 150 1 . Set up liquid crystal microlens A 1 Is 5 μm thick (i.e., the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 130 is 5 μm), the maximum radius r of the liquid crystal microlens max Is 0.1515mm (i.e., the maximum radius of the electrode unit 141 is 0.1515 mm) and the maximum diopter is 7R (reference wavelength 543.5 nm).
FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing the spatial distribution of the optical path difference formed by the liquid crystal microlens array 100 after driving the liquid crystal microlens array according to positive refraction type, and FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing one liquid crystal microlens A in FIG. 11 1 In the spatial distribution diagram, the same color (gray scale) has the same optical path difference. As shown in fig. 11 and 12, the liquid crystal microlens array 100 has a fill factor close to 100%, and can efficiently utilize and modulate incident light to reduce the liquid crystal microlens a 1 The effect of stray light.
The filling factor of the liquid crystal micro lens array refers to the ratio of the effective light passing area to the total area of the liquid crystal micro lens array, the filling factor determines the convergence and divergence capacity of the liquid crystal micro lens array to light, the high and low of the filling factor reflects the utilization rate of the liquid crystal micro lens array to incident light, and the higher the value of the filling factor is, the higher the transmittance of the liquid crystal micro lens array is, the more light energy reaches an image surface, and the smaller the loss is. The filling factor is related to the shape and arrangement of the liquid crystal microlens array, for example, the filling factor of the conventional orthorhombic microlens array is 78.5% at maximum by using a circular aperture, and the filling factor of the hexagonal microlens array can reach 90% or more.
Fig. 13 shows the liquid crystal microlens a of fig. 12 1 Optical path difference graphs at a plurality of cross sections (angles of the cross sections are 0 °,10 °,20 °, 30 °, 40 °, 50 °, 60 °, respectively), and in fig. 13, the abscissa indicates the liquid crystal microlens a 1 And the ordinate is the optical path difference (nm). As shown in fig. 13, when the angle of the two sections satisfies |θ a -30°|＝|θ b At 30 ° | (where θa+.60 °, θb+.60 °, θa+. # θb; e.g., 0 ° and 60 °,10 ° and 50 °,20 ° and 40 °), there are identical path difference curves (with equal magnitude of phase delay, equal magnitude of radius), and at other angles (e.g., 0 ° and 20 °) there are similar path difference distribution curves (partial path difference curves overlap, different magnitude of phase delay, and different magnitude of radius). In the liquid crystal microlens array 100, each liquid crystal microlens a is formed 1 Although the electrodes may have different radii in different directions, the electrode arrangement (center electrode, first ring electrode, discontinuous electrode) and the adaptive driving voltage of the present invention may also provide different optical path differences, thereby making the corresponding liquid crystal microlens A 1 The focal length of the lens has the same size in all cross section directions, so that the lens can focus or diverge the space light better.
FIG. 14 shows a liquid crystal microlens A of a regular hexagonal shape for driving electrodes in the related art 2 Fig. 15 shows a schematic view of the liquid crystal microlens a of fig. 14 2 Is a schematic diagram showing the spatial distribution of the optical path difference, FIG. 16 shows the liquid crystal microlens A of FIG. 14 2 Optical path difference graphs at a plurality of cross sections (angles of the cross sections are 0 °,10 °,20 °, 30 °, 40 °, 50 °, 60 °, respectively), and in fig. 16, the abscissa indicates the liquid crystal microlens a 2 And the ordinate is the optical path difference (nm). As shown in fig. 16, when the angle of the two sections is 0 ° to 60 °, orThe same path difference profile (with the same magnitude of phase delay, the same magnitude of radius) is also present at 10 ° and 50 °, or 20 ° and 40 °, while at other angles (e.g., 0 ° and 20 °) there is a different path difference profile (with the same magnitude of phase delay and different magnitude of radius). Liquid crystal microlens A 2 From 0-60 deg. the focal length is firstly gradually reduced and then gradually increased (focal length is gradually reduced at 0-30 deg. and gradually increased at 30-60 deg.), i.e. liquid crystal microlens A 2 The focal lengths in the different cross-sectional directions are different, and the imaging effect is poor. In contrast, FIG. 17 schematically shows a liquid crystal microlens A 1 、A 2 The focal length change chart in the cross section range of 0-180 degrees can be intuitively obtained from the chart: the liquid crystal microlens A provided in this embodiment 1 The focal length of the lens has the same size in all section directions, so that the lens can focus or diverge the space light well; whereas the liquid crystal microlens a in the related art 2 The focal lengths in the different cross-sectional directions are different, and the imaging effect is poor.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the liquid crystal microlens array may form a diffraction type liquid crystal lens, and particularly may be driven in a manner of driving the fresnel liquid crystal lens to form a diffraction type liquid crystal lens. When in driving, the central electrode and the first ring electrode can be used as a main area of the Fresnel liquid crystal lens after being driven, and the discontinuous electrode can be used as a side lobe of the Fresnel liquid crystal lens after being driven. Taking a positive lens as an example, in each electrode unit, a center electrode and a plurality of first ring electrodes are configured to be driven by a first set of voltages, and a plurality of discontinuous electrodes are configured to be driven by a second set of voltages, wherein the driving voltage of the first ring electrodes is greater than that of the center electrode, and the driving voltage of the first ring electrodes farther from the center electrode is greater, and the driving voltage of the discontinuous electrodes farther from the center electrode is greater. Preferably, the maximum voltage difference of the first set of voltages is greater than the maximum voltage difference of the second set of voltages. For example, as shown in FIG. 18, the center electrode C 1 And a first ring electrode C 2 ～C 8 Respectively from a first set of voltages V 1 ～V 8 Driven, discontinuous electrode C 9 ～C 14 From voltage V 9 (second set of voltages) drive, unconnectedContinuous electrode C 15 ～C 20 From voltage V 10 (second set of voltages) drive, wherein the voltage V 1 ～V 8 Gradually increase the voltage V 9 ～V 10 Is also gradually increased due to the central electrode C 1 And a first ring electrode C 2 ～C 8 Occupies most of the size of the electrode unit, and thus the voltage V 1 ～V 8 Is greater than voltage V 9 ～V 10 Maximum differential pressure (i.e. V 8 -V 1 ＞V 10 -V 9 ) But the voltage V 8 And voltage V 10 May be the same or close together.
Fig. 19 shows a partial schematic view of a liquid crystal microlens array 400 having three electrode units, which is driven in accordance with the driving manner of the fresnel liquid crystal lens, and fig. 20 and 21 show an optical path difference distribution diagram of the liquid crystal microlens array and an optical path difference distribution diagram of a C-C' section, respectively. As shown in fig. 20, the liquid crystal microlens array 400 can form three first liquid crystal microlenses a when driven 3 And a second liquid crystal microlens A 4 Wherein, the second liquid crystal micro lens A 4 Located at three first liquid crystal microlenses A 3 The central electrode and the plurality of first ring electrodes in the liquid crystal micro lens are driven to form a first liquid crystal micro lens A 3 The discontinuous electrodes which are close to each other are electrically connected with each other to form a closed-loop electrode for driving to form a second liquid crystal micro lens A 4 And a second liquid crystal microlens A 4 Is smaller than the first liquid crystal microlens A 3 Is a size of (c) a. As shown in fig. 21, for the first liquid crystal microlens a 3 And a second liquid crystal microlens A 4 Due to the maximum driving voltage (e.g. V 8 And V is equal to 10 ) Near or the same, the two have the smallest optical path difference, but because the smallest driving voltages are different (e.g. V 9 ＞V 1 ) So the first liquid crystal microlens A 3 With a larger phase retardation, and a second liquid crystal microlens A 4 Has smaller phase delay, and can lead the first liquid crystal micro lens A to be realized by reasonably adjusting the driving voltage 3 And a second liquid crystal microlens A 4 Still having the same focal length in the C-C' cross-sectional direction.
Fig. 22 shows a flowchart of a method 500 for manufacturing a liquid crystal microlens array according to an embodiment of the present invention, the method 500 including the following steps, which are described in detail below, respectively.
In step S510, a first electrode layer is formed on a first substrate. The first electrode layer comprises a plurality of electrode units having the same polygonal shape and arranged in an array (the geometry of the electrode units may be e.g. equilateral triangle, square or regular hexagon, with the edges of adjacent electrode units aligned). The electrode unit comprises a central electrode, a plurality of first ring electrodes and a plurality of discontinuous electrodes which are sequentially arranged at intervals from inside to outside, wherein the central electrode can be arranged at the central position of the electrode unit, the plurality of first ring electrodes are different in size, the plurality of first ring electrodes are arranged at intervals in a concentric ring shape by taking the central electrode as the center, the plurality of discontinuous electrodes are distributed in a plurality of ring areas taking the central electrode as the center, a plurality of discontinuous electrodes can be arranged in each ring area, and the discontinuous electrodes in the same ring area are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the ring area, preferably at equal intervals. The first ring electrodes at the outermost peripheries of adjacent electrode units are electrically connected to each other to form one large electrode (or referred to as a large electrode), and the discontinuous electrodes adjacent to each other are electrically connected to each other to form a closed ring electrode.
In the same electrode unit, the center electrode, the first ring electrode, and the discontinuous electrode are substantially concentric (the centers of the circles substantially overlap). The geometry of the central electrode is circular, the geometry of the first ring electrode is circular or partial circular, and the geometry of the discontinuous electrode is circular segment. In the same electrode unit, the geometric shapes of the outermost first ring electrodes are the partial circular ring shapes, and the geometric shapes of other first ring electrodes are circular ring shapes. Specifically, the inner edge of the outermost first ring electrode is the center of a circle, and the outer edge is formed by alternately connecting a plurality of straight line segments and a plurality of circular arc segments (the number of the straight line segments and the circular arc segments is related to the geometry of the electrode unit, for example, in this embodiment, the outer edge is formed by six straight line segments and six circular arc segments), where the straight line segments coincide with the geometric boundary of the electrode unit. Preferably, the ratio of the minimum width w' of the outermost first ring electrode to the maximum width w″ of the first ring electrode is greater than or equal to 0.5.
The first electrode layer may be a single layer structure in which the center electrode, the first ring electrode, and the discontinuous electrode are disposed on the same layer, and adjacent electrodes are spaced apart at a certain interval. In another embodiment, the first electrode layer may also be a multi-layer structure in which a center electrode, a plurality of first ring electrodes, and a plurality of discontinuous electrodes are alternately disposed in two layers, and a dielectric layer may be disposed between the two layers to separate and insulate the electrodes in the two layers.
In step S520, a second electrode layer is formed on the second substrate. A common electrode may be provided in the second electrode layer, and the common electrode may be, for example, an entire ITO electrode or a transparent electrode.
In step S530, a liquid crystal layer is formed between the first substrate and the second substrate. Wherein, the spacer may be disposed on the first substrate or the second substrate, the liquid crystal layer is formed on one of the first substrate and the second substrate, the adhesive frame is formed on the other of the first substrate and the second substrate, and then the first substrate and the second substrate are combined and the adhesive frame is cured.
The manufacturing method 500 may further include step S540: a first orientation layer is arranged on the surface of the first electrode layer, and a second orientation layer is arranged on the surface of the second electrode layer, wherein the orientation directions of the first orientation layer and the second orientation layer are opposite and antiparallel; step S540 may be performed before step S530.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only illustrative of the present invention and is not intended to be limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing illustrative embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described above, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (18)
1. A liquid crystal microlens array comprising:
a first substrate;
a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate;
a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate;
a first electrode layer disposed between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer, the first electrode layer including a plurality of electrode units having the same polygonal shape and disposed in an array; the electrode unit comprises a central electrode, a plurality of first ring electrodes and a plurality of discontinuous electrodes which are sequentially arranged at intervals from inside to outside, wherein the plurality of first ring electrodes are arranged at intervals in a concentric ring shape by taking the central electrode as the center; the plurality of discontinuous electrodes are distributed in a plurality of circular ring areas taking the central electrode as the center, and the discontinuous electrodes in the same circular ring area are arranged at intervals; wherein, between adjacent electrode units, the first ring electrodes of the outermost peripheries which are close to each other are electrically connected with each other, and the discontinuous electrodes which are close to each other are electrically connected with each other to form a closed electrode ring; and
and a second electrode layer disposed between the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer.
2. The liquid crystal microlens array according to claim 1, wherein the geometry of the center electrode is circular, the geometry of the first ring electrode is circular or partially circular, and the geometry of the discontinuous electrode is circular segment.
3. The liquid crystal microlens array according to claim 1, wherein the geometry of the electrode units is equilateral triangle, square or regular hexagon, wherein the edges of adjacent electrode units are aligned and the discontinuous electrodes in the same circular ring region are arranged at equal intervals.
4. A liquid crystal microlens array according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the inner edge of the outermost first ring electrode is circular, and the outer edge of the outermost first ring electrode is formed by a plurality of straight line segments and a plurality of circular arc segments alternately, the straight line segments coinciding with the geometric boundaries of the electrode units.
5. The liquid crystal microlens array according to claim 4, wherein a ratio of a minimum width of the outermost first ring electrode to a maximum width of the first ring electrode is greater than or equal to 0.5.
6. A liquid crystal microlens array according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the liquid crystal microlens array forms a refractive liquid crystal lens.
7. A liquid crystal microlens array according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the liquid crystal microlens array forms a diffractive liquid crystal lens;
in the electrode unit, the center electrode and the plurality of first ring electrodes are configured to be driven by a first set of voltages, and the plurality of discontinuous electrodes are configured to be driven by a second set of voltages, wherein the driving voltage of the first ring electrodes is greater than that of the center electrode, and the driving voltage of the first ring electrodes farther from the center electrode is greater; the drive voltage of the discontinuous electrode is greater the farther from the center electrode.
8. The liquid crystal microlens array of claim 7, wherein the maximum voltage differential of the first set of voltages is greater than the maximum voltage differential of the second set of voltages.
9. The liquid crystal microlens array according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first electrode layer is a single-layer structure, and the center electrode, the first ring electrode, and the discontinuous electrode are provided in the same layer; or alternatively, the process may be performed,
the first electrode layer is of a multi-layer structure, and the central electrode, the plurality of first ring electrodes and the plurality of discontinuous electrodes in the electrode unit are alternately arranged in two layers.
10. A liquid crystal microlens array according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a first alignment layer is provided between the first electrode layer and the liquid crystal layer, a second alignment layer is provided between the second electrode layer and the liquid crystal layer, and the alignment directions of the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer are opposite and antiparallel.
11. A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal microlens array, comprising:
forming a first electrode layer on a first substrate, wherein the first electrode layer includes a plurality of electrode units having the same polygonal shape and arranged in an array; the electrode unit comprises a central electrode, a plurality of first ring electrodes and a plurality of discontinuous electrodes which are sequentially arranged at intervals from inside to outside, wherein the plurality of first ring electrodes are arranged at intervals in a concentric ring shape by taking the central electrode as the center; the plurality of discontinuous electrodes are distributed in a plurality of circular ring areas taking the central electrode as the center, and the discontinuous electrodes in the same circular ring area are arranged at intervals; wherein, between adjacent electrode units, the first ring electrodes of the outermost peripheries which are close to each other are electrically connected with each other, and the discontinuous electrodes which are close to each other are electrically connected with each other to form a closed electrode ring;
forming a second electrode layer on a second substrate; and
a liquid crystal layer is formed between the first substrate and the second substrate.
12. The method of manufacturing of claim 11, wherein the geometry of the center electrode is circular, the geometry of the first ring electrode is circular or partially circular, and the geometry of the discontinuous electrode is circular segments.
13. The manufacturing method according to claim 11, wherein the electrode units have the same geometric shape, the geometric shape of the electrode units being an equilateral triangle, square, or regular hexagon, wherein edges of adjacent electrode units are aligned, and discontinuous electrodes in the same circular ring region are arranged at equal intervals.
14. The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein an inner edge of the outermost first ring electrode is circular, and an outer edge of the outermost first ring electrode is formed of a plurality of straight line segments and a plurality of circular arc segments alternately, the straight line segments coinciding with a geometric boundary of the electrode unit.
15. The manufacturing method according to claim 14, wherein a ratio of a minimum width of the outermost first ring electrode to a maximum width of the first ring electrode is 0.5 or more.
16. The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the first electrode layer is a single-layer structure, and the center electrode, the first ring electrode, and the discontinuous electrode are provided in the same layer; or alternatively, the process may be performed,
the first electrode layer is of a multi-layer structure, and the central electrode, the plurality of first ring electrodes and the plurality of discontinuous electrodes in the electrode unit are alternately arranged in two layers.
17. The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 11-13, further comprising:
a first orientation layer is arranged on the surface of the first electrode layer;
and a second orientation layer is arranged on the surface of the second electrode layer, wherein the orientation directions of the first orientation layer and the second orientation layer are opposite and antiparallel.
18. The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 11-13, further comprising:
arranging a spacer on the first substrate or the second substrate;
forming a rubber frame on the first substrate or the second substrate; and
and combining the first substrate with the second substrate and curing the rubber frame.
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| CN117555172A (en) * | 2024-01-13 | 2024-02-13 | 南昌虚拟现实研究院股份有限公司 | Method and device for correcting vision through VR display device to perform VR experience |
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| CN117555172A (en) * | 2024-01-13 | 2024-02-13 | 南昌虚拟现实研究院股份有限公司 | Method and device for correcting vision through VR display device to perform VR experience |
| CN117555172B (en) * | 2024-01-13 | 2024-05-28 | 南昌虚拟现实研究院股份有限公司 | Method and device for correcting vision through VR display device to perform VR experience |
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