CN116699101A - Water burst prevention test device and test method for communication channel - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a device and a method for testing water burst prevention of a connecting channel, wherein the device comprises a test box, a main tunnel model, a connecting channel model, a grouting hole, a loading system, a water inlet system and a sensing system; a soil layer accommodating space is arranged in the test box; the grouting holes are respectively arranged on the main tunnel model and the communication channel model and are used for connecting a grouting system and simulating grouting control when gushing water occurs; the loading system, the water inlet system and the sensing system are all arranged on the test box, and the loading system is used for compacting soil layers in the test box and applying surrounding rock pressure; the sensing system is used for detecting water level conditions, water pressure, surrounding rock pressure, water seepage conditions of the main tunnel model and the communication channel model and a diffusion path of injected slurry in the test box. The utility model can synthesize various complex conditions such as stratum conditions, buried depth, water level, surrounding rock pressure and the like, simulate the water inrush condition of a main tunnel and a communication channel, and simulate post-disaster prevention and control of the communication channel.

Description

Water burst prevention test device and test method for communication channel

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of control of communication channels, in particular to a device and a method for testing water burst prevention of a communication channel.

Background

The communication channel serves as a part of the tunnel and plays the roles of pipeline connection and escape channel. In the construction process of the connecting channel, especially in the case of a water-rich sand layer, engineering problems such as collapse, water burst, mud burst and the like sometimes occur, so that the engineering difficulty and cost are greatly increased, the construction period is increased, and even casualties are caused. And (3) carrying out a model test to study the crossing of the water-rich fault by the communication channel, thereby being beneficial to the deep understanding of the disaster-causing mechanism and rule of the water-rich fault and providing guidance for the safe construction of the communication channel. However, the existing test device is too single in terms of different soil layer conditions, different burial depths, different water levels, different surrounding rock pressures and the like, cannot accurately control variables, further cannot study quantitative relationships between tunnel stability and various factors, and the measured results often have deviation which is difficult to adapt in practical application and are not representative, so that the test device is difficult to flexibly adapt to changeable engineering practical geological conditions. Meanwhile, the test device for the water inrush condition of the communication channel is deficient, and particularly, the test device for post-disaster prevention and control is deficient.

The utility model of the prior publication number CN211505504U discloses a test device for simulating water gushing of a tunnel crossing a water-rich fault, which comprises: the hydraulic system comprises a model test box, a top load control system, a hydraulic loading device, a fault structure, data acquisition monitoring equipment, video recording equipment and a gushing water mixture collecting device; a tunnel section is arranged on one side surface of the model test box; the fault structure comprises a breaking belt and surrounding rock similar materials which are arranged in the model test box, and a force transmission plate is arranged at the top of the surrounding rock similar materials; the crushing belt is obliquely arranged, and a tunnel excavated along the section of the tunnel can pass through the inclined surface of the crushing belt; the force transmission plate is formed by hinging a plurality of short steel plates through a hinging device; the top load control system is used for applying downward pressure load to the force transfer plate; the hydraulic loading device is used for quantitatively injecting water into the crushing belt; the data acquisition monitoring equipment is buried in the similar materials of the broken belt and the surrounding rock; the surge water mixture collecting device is used for collecting the surge water mixture flowing out of the section of the tunnel; the video recording device is used for recording the tunnel gushing water generation process. The test device is used for simulating the condition that the tunnel passes through the water-rich fault under different conditions to generate water burst, but does not simulate post-disaster prevention and control after the water burst.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model mainly aims to provide a device and a method for testing water burst prevention of a communication channel, which can synthesize various complex conditions such as different stratum conditions, different burial depths, different water levels, different surrounding rock pressures and the like, simulate water burst conditions of the communication channel and simulate post-disaster prevention of the communication channel.

In order to achieve the aim, the utility model provides an anti-burst water test device for a communication channel, which comprises a test box, a main tunnel model, a communication channel model, a grouting hole, a loading system, a water inlet system and a sensing system; a soil layer accommodating space is arranged in the test box; the main tunnel model and the communication channel model are both arranged in the soil layer accommodating space, and the communication channel model is communicated with the main tunnel model; the grouting holes are respectively arranged on the main tunnel model and the connecting channel model and are used for connecting a grouting system and simulating grouting control when gushing water occurs;

the loading system, the water inlet system and the sensing system are all arranged on the test box, and the loading system is used for compacting soil layers in the test box and applying surrounding rock pressure; the sensing system is used for detecting water level conditions, water pressure, surrounding rock pressure, water seepage conditions of the main tunnel model and the communication channel model and a diffusion path of injected slurry in the test box.

Optionally, the sensing system further comprises a temperature-sensitive sensing system, wherein the temperature-sensitive sensing system is arranged on the communication channel model and is used for detecting a diffusion path of injected slurry.

Optionally, the temperature-sensitive sensing system is uniformly distributed outside the communication channel model in a circumferential direction.

Optionally, the loading system comprises a vertical loading system and a transverse loading system, wherein the vertical loading system is connected with the top of the test box, and the transverse loading system is connected with the side wall of the test box.

Optionally, the water inlet system comprises a first water inlet channel and a second water inlet channel, the first water inlet channel is arranged on the test box, and the second water inlet channel is arranged on the transverse loading system.

Optionally, the test device further comprises a sleeve model disposed within the main tunnel model and connected to the communication channel model.

Optionally, the sensing system further comprises a water pressure sensing system, and the water pressure sensing system is arranged at the joint of the main tunnel model and the communication channel model and used for detecting the water seepage and water leakage condition of the joint.

Optionally, the sensing system comprises a water seepage detection system arranged in the test box and is used for monitoring the water level condition, the water pressure and the surrounding rock pressure in the test box in real time.

Optionally, the sensing system further comprises a soil pressure sensing system arranged at the bottom of the test chamber and used for detecting the total pressure in the test chamber.

The test method based on the test device comprises the following steps:

s1, acquiring parameters of surrounding rock materials and broken belt materials of different soil layers, and preparing a simulated soil layer according to the parameters;

s2, adding the simulated soil layer prepared in the step S1 into the test box, compacting the added simulated soil layer through a loading system, and applying surrounding rock pressure to the simulated soil layer through the loading system;

s3, starting a water inlet system, and monitoring the water level condition, the water pressure and the surrounding rock pressure in the test box in real time by a sensing system;

s4, monitoring a main tunnel model and a communication channel model through a sensing system, and determining the condition of water burst;

s5, grouting is carried out through the grouting holes, and the diffusion path of the slurry is detected through the sensing system, and the repairing conditions of the main tunnel model and the communication channel model after grouting are observed.

The beneficial effects are that:

1. according to the utility model, the main tunnel model and the communication channel model are arranged in the soil layer accommodating space of the test box by arranging the test box with the soil layer accommodating space, and the soil layer conditions and the burial depth around the main tunnel model and the communication channel model can be changed by changing the material and the depth of the simulated soil layer placed in the test box. The loading system is arranged for loading the simulated soil layer material in the test box, so that the surrounding rock pressure of soil layers around the main tunnel model and the connecting channel model can be changed, the water level condition in the test box can be changed through the water inlet system, and the simulation test of the connecting channel gushing water under various complex conditions such as different soil layer conditions, different burial depths, different water levels, different surrounding rock pressures and the like can be met.

2. According to the utility model, parameters of surrounding rock materials and broken belt materials of different soil layers can be obtained through tests such as uniaxial and triaxial compression, brazilian split, density test and the like, and surrounding rock similar materials and broken belt similar materials are prepared according to similar proportions, so that soil layer conditions placed in a test box are changed.

3. According to the utility model, by arranging the sensing system, the water seepage conditions of the water level condition, the water pressure, the surrounding rock pressure and the main tunnel model and the communication channel model in the test box can be detected, so that the simulation effect can be realized more accurately.

4. According to the utility model, the grouting holes are arranged, and grouting liquid is injected through the grouting holes to simulate post-disaster grouting control. And the sensing system is used for detecting the diffusion path of injected slurry, so that the space shape of the slurry can be obtained more clearly and accurately, and the method plays an important role in subsequent development of research on slurry diffusion and post-disaster prevention.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the utility model, and that other drawings may be obtained from the structures shown in these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a water burst prevention test device for a communication channel according to the present utility model;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the disclosed communication channel gushing water prevention test device;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a loading system in the communication channel water burst prevention test device disclosed by the utility model;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of spatial distribution of a water inlet system in the communication channel water burst prevention test device disclosed by the utility model.

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a chute in the communication channel water burst prevention test device disclosed by the utility model;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the spatial distribution of a water seepage detection system in the communication channel water burst prevention test device disclosed by the utility model;

FIG. 7 is a schematic distribution diagram of a water pressure sensing system in a communication channel gushing prevention test device according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 is a schematic distribution diagram of a temperature-sensitive sensing system in the communication channel water burst prevention test device disclosed by the utility model;

fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of slurry diffusion after grouting of the communication channel gushing water prevention test device disclosed by the utility model.

Reference numerals illustrate:

1, a test box; a top plate 11; 12 sliding grooves; 13 soil layers; 2, a main tunnel model; 21 grouting holes; 3, a communication channel model; 4, sleeve model; 5, loading a system; 51 a first vertical loader; 52 a second vertical loader; 53 a third vertical loader; 54 a first transverse loading member; a second transverse loading member 55; 61 a first water inlet channel; 62 a second water inlet passage; 71 a first detecting member; a second detecting member 72; 73 through holes; a 74 spring; 8, a water pressure sensing system; 9 a temperature sensitive sensing system.

The achievement of the object, functional features and advantages of the present utility model will be further described with reference to the drawings in connection with the embodiments.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the utility model. All other embodiments, based on the embodiments of the utility model, which are apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive faculty, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.

It should be noted that all directional indicators (such as upper and lower … …) in the embodiments of the present utility model are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement conditions, etc. between the components in a specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.

Furthermore, descriptions such as those referred to as "first," "second," and the like, are provided for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implying an order of magnitude of the indicated technical features in the present disclosure. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature.

Moreover, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to be based on the fact that those skilled in the art can implement the embodiments, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that the combination of the technical solutions does not exist, and is not within the scope of protection claimed by the present utility model.

Example 1:

referring to fig. 1-4, a communication channel water burst prevention test device according to an aspect of the present utility model includes a test chamber 1, a main tunnel model 2, a communication channel model 3, a grouting hole 21, a loading system, a water inlet system, and a sensing system; a soil layer accommodating space is arranged in the test box 1; the main tunnel model 2 and the communication channel model 3 are both arranged in the soil layer accommodating space, and the communication channel model 3 is communicated with the main tunnel model 2; the grouting holes 21 are respectively arranged on the main tunnel model 2 and the communication channel model 3 and are used for connecting a grouting system and simulating grouting control when gushing water occurs;

the loading system, the water inlet system and the sensing system are all arranged on the test box 1, and the loading system is used for compacting soil layers in the test box 1 and applying surrounding rock pressure; the sensing system is used for detecting water level conditions, water pressure, surrounding rock pressure, water seepage conditions of the main tunnel model 2 and the communication channel model 3 in the test box 1 and a diffusion path of injected slurry.

Specifically, rectangular openings are arranged on the side walls of the test box 1, and water gushing conditions on the main tunnel model 2 and the communication channel model 3 and repair conditions after slurry injection can be observed through the rectangular openings. By varying the material and depth of the simulated soil layer placed in the test chamber 1, the soil layer conditions and burial depths around the main tunnel model 2, the tie channel model 3 can be varied. Besides adjusting the burial depth by changing the simulated soil layer depth, the burial depths of the main tunnel model 2 and the communication channel model 3 can be adjusted by changing the setting positions of the main tunnel model 2 and the communication channel model 3 in different test boxes. The loading system loads the simulated soil layer materials in the test box 1, can change the surrounding rock pressure of soil layers around the main tunnel model 2 and the communication channel model 3, and can meet the simulation test of water burst of the main tunnel model 2 and the communication channel model 3 under various complex conditions such as different soil layer conditions, different burial depths, different water levels, different surrounding rock pressures and the like by changing the water level conditions in the water inlet system test box 1.

In this embodiment, a plurality of grouting holes 21 are provided and are respectively distributed on the main tunnel model 2 and the connecting channel model 3, and a part of grouting holes 21 surrounds the connection part of the main tunnel model 2 and the connecting channel model 3 and is uniformly distributed on the main tunnel model 2; the rest part is uniformly distributed at one end of the connecting channel model 3 adjacent to the main tunnel model 2 in the circumferential direction, so that the slurry can be uniformly injected into and repaired at the damaged parts of the main tunnel and the connecting channel, and the method plays an important role in the research of slurry diffusion and post-disaster prevention and treatment for subsequent expansion.

Referring to fig. 8, in some embodiments of the utility model, the sensing system includes a temperature sensitive sensing system 9, the temperature sensitive sensing system 9 being disposed on the communication channel model 3 for detecting the diffusion path of the injected slurry. A schematic of the slurry diffusion after grouting is shown in fig. 9.

Referring to fig. 8, in some embodiments of the present utility model, the temperature sensitive sensing systems 9 are circumferentially evenly distributed outside the communication channel model 3. The temperature-sensitive sensing system 9 comprises a plurality of sensing units which are uniformly distributed outside the communication channel model 3 in the circumferential direction.

Referring to fig. 1-3 and 5, in some embodiments of the present utility model, the loading system 5 comprises a vertical loading system connected to the top of the test chamber 1 and a lateral loading system connected to the side walls of the test chamber 1.

In this embodiment, both the vertical loading system and the lateral pressurization system are driven by a hydraulic machine. The vertical loading system comprises a first vertical loading piece 51, a second vertical loading piece 52 and a third vertical loading piece 53 which are arranged on the top plate 11 so as to compact soil layers in the test box 1 in the vertical direction and apply surrounding rock pressure. The test box 1 comprises a top plate 11, a sliding groove 12 is formed in the inner wall of the top plate 11, the sliding groove 12 is L-shaped, a first vertical loading piece 51 and a third vertical loading piece 53 can move in the test box 1 along the sliding groove 12, and a second vertical loading piece 52 is fixedly arranged on the top plate 11 and can only move up and down.

The transverse loading system comprises a first transverse loading member 54 and a second transverse loading member 55 which are arranged on the side walls of the test box 1 at two sides of the communication channel model 3 so as to compact soil layers in the test box 1 in the horizontal direction and apply surrounding rock pressure. Each vertical loading piece consists of one jack and one jack platform, and each horizontal loading piece consists of two jacks and one jack platform.

Referring to fig. 1 and 4, in some embodiments of the present utility model, the water intake system includes a first water intake channel 61, a second water intake channel 62, the first water intake channel 61 being provided on the test chamber 1, and the second water intake channel 62 being provided on the lateral loading system.

In this embodiment, the first water inlet channel 61 is a transverse water inlet channel which is embedded and fixed on the test chamber 1. The second water inlet channel 62 is a vertical water inlet channel, which is embedded and fixed on the transverse loading system and can move along with the transverse loading system. The first water inlet channel 61 and the second water inlet channel 62 are respectively provided with 4 water inlet channels, so that water can fully enter the test box 1 to better simulate the water burst occurrence of the main tunnel model 2 and the connecting channel model 3.

Referring to fig. 1 and 8, in some embodiments of the utility model, the test device further comprises a sleeve model 4, the sleeve model 4 being arranged within the main tunnel model 2 and being connected to the communication channel model 3.

Referring to fig. 7, in some embodiments of the present utility model, the sensing system includes a water pressure sensing system 8, where the water pressure sensing system 8 is disposed at the junction of the main tunnel model 2 and the sleeve model 4, and the water pressure sensing systems 8 are uniformly and circumferentially disposed along the junction of the main tunnel model 2 and the sleeve model 4, and 8 are disposed in total, for detecting the water leakage condition of the junction.

Referring to fig. 1-3 and 6, in some embodiments of the present utility model, the sensing system includes a water seepage detection system disposed within the test chamber 1 for monitoring water level conditions, water pressure, and surrounding rock pressure within the test chamber 1 in real time.

In this embodiment, the water seepage detection system includes a first detection member 71 and a second detection member 72, where the number of the first detection members 71 is 4, and all the first detection members are disposed on the transverse loading system and can move along with the transverse loading system; the upper half section of the second detecting member 72 is fixed to the upper side of the communication channel model 3, and the lower half section is fixed to the lower side of the communication channel model 3 and the inner side of the bottom of the model box. The jack platform of the second vertical loading piece 52 is provided with the through hole 73, when the second vertical loading piece 52 moves downwards, the upper half section of the second detection piece 72 can pass through the through hole 73, and the second detection piece 72 is prevented from being damaged in the moving process of the second vertical loading piece 52. The jack platform of the first vertical loader 51 is provided with a spring 74 on the side opposite to the jack platform of the third vertical loader 53, and the area where the spring 74 is provided is a compressible material. When the first vertical loading piece 51 and the third vertical loading piece 53 move towards each other, the spring 74 can protect the second detecting piece 72 from damaging the second detecting piece 72.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in some embodiments of the utility model, the sensing system includes a soil pressure sensing system disposed at the bottom of the test chamber 1 for detecting the total pressure within the test chamber 1. The soil pressure sensing system is evenly distributed at the bottom of the test box 1 and is used for detecting soil pressure in the whole test process, so that the loading system 5 can simulate different surrounding rock pressures more accurately. The number of soil pressure sensing systems may be adjusted as desired.

In some embodiments of the utility model, the parameters of the surrounding rock material and the crushed zone material can be obtained through tests such as uniaxial and triaxial compression, brazilian split, density test and the like, the similar surrounding rock material can be prepared by river sand, cement, fly ash and engine oil according to similar proportions, and the crushed zone similar material can be prepared by talcum powder, stones and sawdust.

Example 2:

referring to fig. 1-9, a test method based on the above test device according to another aspect of the present utility model includes the steps of:

s1, acquiring parameters of surrounding rock materials and broken belt materials of different soil layers, and preparing a simulated soil layer according to the parameters;

s2, adding the simulated soil layer prepared in the step S1 into the test box 1, compacting the added simulated soil layer through the loading system 5, and applying surrounding rock pressure to the simulated soil layer through the loading system 5;

s3, starting a water inlet system, and monitoring the water level condition, the water pressure and the surrounding rock pressure in the test box 1 in real time by a sensing system;

s4, monitoring the main tunnel model 2 and the communication channel model 3 through a sensing system, and determining the condition of water burst;

s5, grouting is carried out through the grouting holes 21, and the diffusion path of the slurry is detected through a sensing system, and the repairing conditions of the main tunnel model 2 and the connecting channel model 3 after grouting are observed.

Referring to fig. 1-3, in some embodiments of the present utility model, the specific steps of the loading system 5 for compacting the added simulated soil layer in step S2 are:

s21, compacting the soil below the communication channel model 3.

Adding simulated soil layer materials, moving the first vertical loading piece 51 and the third vertical loading piece 53 to the two sides of the communication channel model 3 through the sliding chute 12, and downwards moving to the lower part of the communication channel model 3, wherein the first vertical loading piece 51 and the third vertical loading piece 53 move in opposite directions until the two platforms are contacted; the first and second lateral loading members 54, 55 move toward each other until they come into contact with the first and third vertical loading members 51, 53; at this time, the first vertical loader 51 and the third vertical loader 53 are loaded downwards to perform soil compaction;

the first transverse loading piece 54 and the second transverse loading piece 55 return to the initial positions, and simulated soil layer materials are added into the model box; the first vertical loading piece 51 and the third vertical loading piece 53 move away from each other until contacting the first transverse loading piece 54 and the second transverse loading piece 55, at which time the first vertical loading piece 51 and the third vertical loading piece 53 are loaded downwards to perform soil compacting work.

S22, compacting the soil at the two sides of the connecting channel model 3 and the soil below the highest point of the main tunnel model 2.

The first vertical loading piece 51 and the third vertical loading piece 53 move upwards, and simulated soil layer materials are added; the first vertical loading piece 51 and the third vertical loading piece 53 move downwards until contacting the main tunnel model 2; the first vertical loading piece 51 and the third vertical loading piece 53 move downwards along the arc shape of the main tunnel model 2, so that the soil layer is compacted.

S23, compacting the soil above the highest point of the main tunnel model 2.

The first vertical loading piece 51 and the third vertical loading piece 53 move upwards to the initial positions, and simulated soil layer materials are added; the first vertical loading piece 51, the second vertical loading piece 52 and the third vertical loading piece 53 are downwards loaded to compact the soil layer.

Referring to fig. 1-2 and 8, in some embodiments of the present utility model, after step S2 is completed, the temperature-sensitive sensing system 9 is installed through the installation hole reserved in the communication channel model 3.

Referring to fig. 1-2 and 6, in some embodiments of the present utility model, step S3 monitors the water level condition, water pressure, and surrounding rock pressure in the test chamber 1 in real time by the water seepage detection system.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in some embodiments of the present utility model, step S2 detects the soil pressure during the whole test by the soil pressure sensing system, and by combining the water seepage detection system and the soil pressure sensing system, different surrounding rock pressures can be more accurately simulated.

Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 7, in some embodiments of the present utility model, step S4 monitors the main tunnel model 2, the communication channel model 3, and the water pressure sensing system 8 to determine that gushing water is occurring.

Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 8, in some embodiments of the present utility model, step S5 detects the diffusion path of the slurry through the temperature-sensitive sensing system 9 and observes the repair of the main tunnel model 2 and the communication channel model 3 after grouting.

In the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can use the prior art for software control, and the present utility model only protects the structure of the display device and the connection relationship with each other.

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present utility model should not be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model, but rather as utilizing equivalent structural changes made in the description of the present utility model and the accompanying drawings or directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields under the inventive concept of the present utility model.

Claims (10)

1. The device for testing the water burst prevention of the connecting channel is characterized by comprising a test box, a main tunnel model, a connecting channel model, a grouting hole, a loading system, a water inlet system and a sensing system; a soil layer accommodating space is arranged in the test box; the main tunnel model and the communication channel model are both arranged in the soil layer accommodating space, and the communication channel model is communicated with the main tunnel model; the grouting holes are respectively arranged on the main tunnel model and the connecting channel model and are used for connecting a grouting system and simulating grouting control when gushing water occurs;

the loading system, the water inlet system and the sensing system are all arranged on the test box, and the loading system is used for compacting soil layers in the test box and applying surrounding rock pressure; the sensing system is used for detecting water level conditions, water pressure, surrounding rock pressure, water seepage conditions of the main tunnel model and the communication channel model and a diffusion path of injected slurry in the test box.

2. The test device of claim 1, wherein the sensing system further comprises a temperature sensitive sensing system disposed on the communication channel model for detecting a diffusion path of the injected slurry.

3. The test device of claim 2, wherein the temperature sensitive sensing system is circumferentially and evenly distributed outside the communication channel model.

4. A test device according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the loading system comprises a vertical loading system connected to the top of the test chamber and a lateral loading system connected to the side walls of the test chamber.

5. The test device of claim 4, wherein the water inlet system comprises a first water inlet channel and a second water inlet channel, the first water inlet channel being disposed on the test chamber, the second water inlet channel being disposed on the lateral loading system.

6. A test device according to any one of claims 1-3, further comprising a sleeve model, which sleeve model is arranged within the main tunnel model and is connected to the communication channel model.

7. The test device of claim 6, wherein the sensing system further comprises a water pressure sensing system disposed at a junction of the primary tunnel model and the sleeve model for detecting water seepage and leakage at the junction.

8. A test device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the sensing system comprises a water penetration detection system provided within the test chamber for monitoring in real time water level conditions, water pressure, surrounding rock pressure within the test chamber.

9. A test device according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the sensing system further comprises a soil pressure sensing system arranged at the bottom of the test chamber for detecting the total pressure in the test chamber.

10. A test method based on the test device according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized by the steps of:

s1, acquiring parameters of surrounding rock materials and broken belt materials of different soil layers, and preparing a simulated soil layer according to the parameters;

s2, adding the simulated soil layer prepared in the step S1 into the test box, compacting the added simulated soil layer through a loading system, and applying surrounding rock pressure to the simulated soil layer through the loading system;

s3, starting a water inlet system, and monitoring the water level condition, the water pressure and the surrounding rock pressure in the test box in real time by a sensing system;

s4, monitoring a main tunnel model and a communication channel model through a sensing system, and determining the condition of water burst;

s5, grouting is carried out through the grouting holes, and the diffusion path of the slurry is detected through the sensing system, and the repairing conditions of the main tunnel model and the communication channel model after grouting are observed.