CN116698585A - In-situ test device and method for mechanical properties of composite material in seawater environment - Google Patents
In-situ test device and method for mechanical properties of composite material in seawater environment Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 172
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011066 ex-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
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Abstract
The application relates to a manufacturing and detecting technology of marine pressure equipment, and aims to provide an in-situ testing device and method for mechanical properties of a composite material in a seawater environment. The device comprises a seawater preparation system, a pretreatment system, a test system, a conveying and circulating system, a heating system and a control system; a plurality of groups of traction tools are arranged in a water bath box of the pretreatment system and are used for continuously applying stress when the sample is pretreated; the test system comprises a tensile test system and an environment box, wherein the environment box is arranged between two traction mechanisms of the tensile test system; the conveying and circulating system comprises a pipeline for connecting each container device and is used for conveying the circularly used seawater. According to the application, the composite material laminated plate sample is always soaked in a seawater environment from the installation to the final fracture and damage, so that the problem of in-situ test of the mechanical property of the composite material in the seawater environment is solved. The device has simple structure and convenient installation, and can be used for testing the performance of the composite material under the seawater environment with different temperatures and different salinity.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a manufacturing and detecting technology of ocean pressure equipment, in particular to an in-situ testing device and method for mechanical properties of a composite material in a seawater environment.
Background
With the increasing prominence of the problems of shortage of materials and environmental pollution, the ocean plays an increasingly important role in the progress of social development due to the abundant resources. The composite material has the characteristics of high specific strength and specific rigidity, designable performance, simple manufacturing process and the like, and the application of the composite material in the ocean field is rapidly developed. Compared with the air environment, the ocean has the characteristics of high humidity and high salt, and each component of the composite material is easy to absorb moisture, corrode and age, so that the performance is deteriorated or even destroyed. Studies have shown that the moisture absorption aging of the test specimens is more severe when the specimens are subjected to stress. Therefore, to ensure long-term, safe and reliable application of the composite material in the marine environment, it is necessary to evaluate and test the mechanical properties of the composite material in the marine environment.
To study the influence of the marine environment on the mechanical properties of the composite material, the mechanical property test of the composite material in the marine environment needs to be carried out. At present, research work mainly extends around material modification, seawater salinity, ambient temperature, soaking time and other influencing factors. The mechanical property test is usually carried out by an ex-situ presoaking method, namely a method of firstly immersing a sample in a seawater solution for a period of time, then taking out the sample, and then carrying out the mechanical property test in an air environment.
Compared with an ex-situ test, the in-situ test is developed under the condition that the sample is completely soaked in the seawater environment, so that the mechanical property of the material in the seawater environment can be reflected more truly. In recent years, researchers have successively developed a marine in-situ test apparatus and a test method. For example, chinese application CN201910695976.8 proposes a method for processing seabed in-situ test data, and chinese application CN202010644965.X proposes a carrying-type multifunctional submarine rock-soil in-situ tester. These devices are primarily directed to rock-soil or sediment analysis at subsea detection, rather than to conducting relevant in situ mechanical property tests with composite materials for marine environments. In the aspect of an in-situ mechanical property testing device, chinese application application CN202110266968.9 proposes an in-situ mechanical property testing device used in a lead-bismuth environment, wherein a testing system of the device adopts a horizontal structure, the occupied space is large, and the sealing structure is complex; the Chinese patent application CN202210715775.1 discloses a humidity-controllable or liquid environment in-situ mechanical experiment device, a system and a detection method, wherein the device does not consider the control of liquid salinity and temperature, can not provide a seawater environment with specific salinity and temperature, adopts a low-stress clamping mode, and is easy to pull out when a composite material is tested.
Besides the technical characteristics mentioned in the above documents, the existing test equipment has the problems that necessary test conditions cannot be provided, and the test sample cannot be completely soaked in a seawater environment and continuously stressed before the mechanical property test is carried out, so that the continuous stress process and the mechanical property change of the composite material under the actual application scene cannot be truly reflected in the subsequent test process. For this reason, some technicians propose to apply continuous stress to the test specimen for a long time directly by using a test system, and then to perform mechanical property test. The problem with this approach is that the pre-stretch pretreatment process takes up the test system for a long time and the equipment utilization is low. In addition, when the test sample is replaced, the prior test system needs to drain the liquid used in the previous test in the environment box, and the operation process also reduces the test efficiency in batch test.
In view of the lack of in-situ mechanical property testing devices and methods in a seawater environment at present, the application aims to provide a solution and provides a new solution for testing the performance of a composite material in the seawater environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to solve the key problem of overcoming the defects of the prior art and providing an in-situ test device and method for the mechanical properties of a composite material in a seawater environment.
In order to solve the key problems, the application adopts the following solutions:
the in-situ test device for the mechanical properties of the composite material in the seawater environment comprises: the system comprises a seawater preparation system, a pretreatment system, a test system, a conveying and circulating system, a heating system and a control system; wherein,,
the seawater preparation and storage system comprises a seawater tank, a distilled water tank, a seawater premixing tank and a seawater recovery tank, wherein stirring paddles are arranged in the seawater premixing tank;
the pretreatment system comprises a water bath box, wherein a plurality of groups of traction tools are arranged in the water bath box and are used for continuously applying stress when a sample is pretreated;
the test system comprises a tensile test system and an environment box; the environment box is arranged between two traction mechanisms of the tensile test system, an extensometer and two loading heads which are oppositely arranged are arranged in the environment box, and the loading heads are respectively connected to the corresponding traction mechanisms through traction shafts;
the heating system comprises heating elements arranged in an environment tank and a water bath tank;
the conveying and circulating system comprises a pipeline for connecting each container device, and two water pumps and a plurality of valves are arranged on the pipeline; the seawater tank and the distilled water tank are connected to the top of the seawater premixing tank through pipelines; the bottom outlet of the seawater premixing tank is connected with a first water pump, and the outlet of the first water pump is respectively connected to the top of the seawater premixing tank, the inlet of the water bath tank and the inlet of the environmental tank through pipelines; the bottom outlet of the environment tank is connected to the top of the seawater recovery tank through a pipeline, the bottom outlet of the seawater recovery tank is connected with a second water pump, and the outlet of the second water pump is connected to the inlet of the environment tank through a pipeline;
the control system comprises an upper industrial personal computer, and is respectively connected with a sensing device and power equipment in each system through signal wires.
As the preferable scheme of the application, the traction tool comprises an upper chuck and a lower chuck which are arranged in parallel, and the upper chuck and the lower chuck are connected by at least two groups of traction screw rods; the two chucks are composed of two clamping pieces which are spliced in pairs, and the end part of a sample to be tested is positioned between the clamping pieces and is fastened and installed by fastening screws; the traction tool is also provided with a load sensor and is connected to the upper computer through a signal wire for monitoring the traction force applied to the sample.
As a preferable scheme of the application, the extensometer is fixed in the environment box through an extensometer bracket; sealing components are respectively arranged between the traction shaft and the environment box body and between the extensometer bracket and the environment box body.
As the preferable scheme of the application, on-line salinity detectors are respectively arranged in the seawater tank, the seawater premixing tank and the environmental tank; liquid level meters are respectively arranged in the seawater premixing tank, the environmental tank and the seawater recovery tank; the on-line salinity detector and the liquid level meter are connected to the upper computer through signal lines.
As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the heating element is an electric heater; alternatively, the heating system further comprises a heating unit, the heating element is a heating coil, and a circulation loop of the heating medium is formed between the heating unit and the heating coil through a pipeline.
As a preferable mode of the application, a flow control valve or a gate valve is arranged on a pipeline connecting each container device; a flow control valve is arranged on a pipeline of the water pump outlet; a filter is arranged on a pipeline at the inlet of the seawater recovery tank; and the bottoms of the water bath tank and the seawater recovery tank are respectively provided with a vent valve.
As a preferable scheme of the application, a door on the front surface of the environmental box is provided with a manual operation window and a glass observation window, and the manual operation window is positioned at the middle upper part of the door; and the top parts of the environment box and the seawater premixing tank are provided with ventilation ports for balancing the pressure.
As a preferred embodiment of the application, a horizontally oriented rail is provided in the tensile test system, and the bottom of the environmental chamber is movably fitted on the rail.
The application further provides a method for testing the mechanical properties of the composite material in the seawater environment by using the in-situ testing device, which comprises the following steps:
s1, adding real seawater into a seawater tank, and adding distilled water into a distilled water tank; introducing seawater into the seawater premix tank, or adding distilled water to control salinity according to a test scheme; starting a first water pump to perform self circulation, and starting a stirring paddle to uniformly mix seawater;
s2, fixing the sample to be tested on a traction tool, adjusting the traction force to a preset range, and fixing the sample in a water bath tank;
s3, injecting seawater into the water bath box by using a first water pump; according to the test scheme, controlling the heating conditions in the water bath box, so that the sample to be tested is pretreated under the seawater full immersion environment according to the preset conditions;
s4, installing two loading heads in the environment box, closing the box door after compacting the sealing part, and fixing a traction shaft connected with the loading heads on a tensile test system;
s5, wearing heat-insulating anti-corrosion gloves by test operators, and taking out the pretreated test sample from the water bath tank; clamping a sample on a loading head from a manual operation window, and closing the window;
s6, injecting seawater into the environment box by using a first water pump, and monitoring the liquid level until the liquid level meets the test requirement; controlling the internal temperature of the environment box by using a heating system, keeping the internal temperature within the range of +/-0.1 ℃ of the set temperature, and preserving the heat for at least 20 minutes;
s7, after parameters of sample width, sample thickness and test speed are input on the industrial personal computer, starting a tensile test system to load the sample until the sample breaks; recording force-displacement and stress-strain curves in the test process in real time, and calculating the elastic modulus of the sample;
s8, after the test is finished, closing the internal heating of the environment box, and discharging the liquid in the environment box into a recovery tank;
s9, opening a box door of the environment box, taking out the broken sample, and cleaning the interior of the environment box.
As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the method further comprises:
(1) When continuous testing is required to be carried out on batch samples, a plurality of samples are preprocessed simultaneously in the step S2;
(2) After the step S7 is finished, heating the interior of the environmental box is not closed, the seawater is discharged into the seawater recovery tank, and the liquid level is controlled to be lower than the lower edge of the manual operation window; starting a second water pump after replacing the sample, and delivering the recovered seawater into an environment box; and supplementing a proper amount of new seawater by utilizing the seawater tank, the distilled water tank and the seawater premixing tank according to the liquid level reduction condition in the environmental tank and the monitoring data of the online salinity detector.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the application, when the mechanical property test is carried out on the composite material laminated plate sample, the sample is always soaked in the seawater environment from the installation to the final fracture and damage, so that the problem of in-situ test of the mechanical property of the composite material in the seawater environment is solved.
(2) The application can meet the mechanical property test requirements of the composite material under various test conditions in seawater environment; the real sea water or artificial sea water with different salinity can be selected to be used; the long-time temperature and salinity regulation of the environment box are realized through the heating unit and the on-line salinity detector on the environment box.
(3) According to the application, the seawater soaking pretreatment of the sample under the action of the stress is realized through the traction tool applying the continuous stress, and the sample can be replaced under the condition that the seawater in the environmental tank is not exhausted through the circulation of the environmental tank and the seawater recovery tank, so that the test cost is reduced, and the test efficiency is improved.
(4) The application has simple structure and convenient installation, and can be used for rapidly screening the performances of the composite materials under the conditions of high temperature and different salinity seawater environments.
(5) The components of the equipment, the pipeline, the valve instrument and the like are all made of corrosion-resistant stainless steel (such as S31603 austenite), so that the corrosion problem under the seawater experimental condition with changeable temperature can be avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a general schematic of the apparatus of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an environmental chamber in three dimensions (left), top (middle) and bottom (right);
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a traction tool;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the traction tool of FIG. 3;
fig. 5 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the traction tool of fig. 3.
The reference numerals in the figures are: 1, an industrial personal computer; 2 a first online salinity detector; 3, a sea water tank; 4, a distilled water tank; 5 seawater premixing tank; 6 a heating unit; 7, an environment box; 8 heating coil pipes; 9 a third online salinity detector; 10 a tensile test system; 11 loading heads; 12, testing a composite material laminated plate sample; 13 extensometer; 14 a seawater recovery tank; 15 a second water pump; 16 water bath boxes; 17, pulling a tool; 18 a first water pump; 19 stirring paddles; a second online salinity detector 20; a 21 glass viewing window; 22 human hand operated window; 23 a first sealing member; 24 ventilation openings; 25 a second sealing member; a third sealing member 26; 27, pulling a lead screw; 28 upper clamping heads; 29 tightening a screw; 30, a sample to be tested; 31 fastening a screw; 32 lower chucks; 33 load cell.
Detailed Description
The numbering of the components itself, e.g. "first", "second", etc., in the present application is used only to distinguish between the described objects and does not have any sequential or technical meaning. The term "coupled" as used herein includes both direct and indirect coupling (coupling), unless otherwise indicated. In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element in question must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application.
In the present application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" a second feature may be the first and second features in direct contact, or the first and second features in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
An implementation of the application is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, the in-situ test device for mechanical properties of a composite material in a seawater environment in the application comprises: the system comprises a seawater preparation system, a pretreatment system, a test system, a conveying and circulating system, a heating system and a control system; wherein,,
the seawater preparation and storage system comprises a seawater tank 3, a distilled water tank 4, a seawater premixing tank 5 and a seawater recovery tank 14. A seawater tank 3 and a distilled water tank 4 are used for providing high salinity seawater and distilled water, respectively; the seawater premixing tank 5 is internally provided with a stirring paddle 19 for evenly mixing when preparing seawater for testing.
The pretreatment system includes a water bath 16, the temperature of which is adjustable from room temperature to 100 ℃, for providing the high temperature seawater environment required for sample pretreatment. A plurality of groups of traction tools 17 are arranged in the water bath tank 16 and are used for continuously applying stress during pretreatment of the samples.
As shown in fig. 3, the traction fixture 17 comprises an upper chuck 28 and a lower chuck 32 which are arranged in parallel and are connected by at least two groups of traction screws 27. As shown in fig. 4, the two chucks are composed of two clamping pieces which are spliced in pairs, and each clamping piece is provided with two screw holes. The end of the sample 30 to be measured is positioned between the clamps, and the clamp is fastened by fastening screws 29, 31. Referring to fig. 5, the traction screw 27 passes through the screw hole of the upper chuck 28 and abuts against the lower chuck 32, and the rotation of the traction screw 27 can move the upper and lower chucks back to provide stress to the sample continuously. The whole traction tool 17 continuously provides stress for the clamped sample through four traction screw rods 27, is provided with a load sensor 33, and is connected to the upper computer 1 through a signal wire for monitoring traction force applied to the sample.
The test system comprises a tensile test system 10 and an environmental chamber 7. A horizontally oriented guide rail is provided between the two traction mechanisms of the tensile test system 10, and the bottom of the environmental chamber 7 is movably fitted on the guide rail. The arrangement of the guide rails allows the tensile test system 10 to switch between using the environmental chamber 7 or not, so that the control group data can be obtained through the test under the general air environment.
As shown in fig. 2, two loading heads 11 are arranged oppositely inside the environmental chamber 7, the loading heads 11 are respectively connected to the corresponding traction mechanisms through traction shafts, and sealing is realized between the traction shafts and the environmental chamber body through a first sealing part 23 and a third sealing part 26. The extensometer 13 is fixed inside the environmental tank 7 by means of an extensometer mount, and sealing is achieved between the extensometer mount and the environmental tank by means of a second sealing member 25. A manual window 22 (specification 150mm×150 mm) and a transparent colorless glass window 21 are provided on the front door of the environmental box 7. A manual window 22 is provided at the middle upper portion of the box door for a tester to install or replace a sample with closing the environmental box door. A ventilation port 24 is provided at the top of the environmental tank 7 and the seawater pre-mixing tank 5, respectively, for balancing the internal and external pressures. The temperature control range in the environment box is room temperature-100 ℃, and the temperature control precision is +/-0.1 ℃.
The heating system comprises heating elements, which are arranged in the environment box and the water bath box, and the heating elements can be electric heaters. Alternatively, the heating system may further comprise a heating unit 6, in which case the heating element is replaced by a heating coil 8, and a circulation loop of the heating medium is formed between the heating unit 6 and the heating coil 8 through a pipeline. The heating temperature of the heating system is not higher than 100 ℃, so that the seawater in the water bath tank and the environment tank can not be boiled in the whole test process, and the seawater is always in a liquid state.
The conveying and circulating system comprises a pipeline for connecting each container device, and two water pumps and a plurality of valves are arranged on the pipeline. The seawater tank 3 and the distilled water tank 4 are connected to the top of the seawater premixing tank 5 through pipelines; the bottom outlet of the seawater premixing tank 5 is connected with a first water pump 18, and the outlet of the first water pump 18 is respectively connected to the top of the seawater premixing tank 5, the inlet of the water bath tank 16 and the inlet of the environmental tank 7 through pipelines; the bottom outlet of the environment box 7 is connected to the top of the seawater recovery tank 14 through a pipeline, the bottom outlet of the seawater recovery tank 14 is connected with a second water pump 15, and the outlet of the second water pump 15 is connected to the inlet of the environment box 7 through a pipeline; a flow control valve or a gate valve is arranged on a pipeline connecting the container devices. A flow control valve is arranged on a pipeline of the outlet of the water pump so as to control the sea water conveying quantity; a filter is arranged on a pipeline at the inlet of the seawater recovery tank and is used for collecting sample slag; the bottoms of the water bath tank and the seawater recovery tank are respectively provided with a vent valve, so that the seawater can be discharged conveniently. A base is arranged at the bottom of the seawater premixing tank 5.
The control system comprises an upper industrial personal computer 1, and is respectively connected with a sensing device and power equipment which are arranged in each system through signal wires. For example, an online salinity detector 2 is respectively arranged in the seawater tank 3, the seawater premixing tank 5 and the environmental tank 7, a liquid level meter is respectively arranged in the seawater premixing tank 5, the environmental tank 7 and the seawater recovery tank 14, the online salinity detector 2 and the liquid level meter are connected to an upper computer through signal lines, and an electric control valve is arranged on the pipeline. Based on the above-described settings, automation of the test process can be achieved with the industrial personal computer 1, for example: the seawater is controlled to be transported and circulated through a driving valve and a water pump motor, the seawater mixing, the salinity control, the temperature control and the liquid level control are realized by receiving signals of the seawater tank 3, the seawater premixing tank 5 and the stirring paddles 19 thereof, the heating unit 6, the environment tank 7 and the water bath tank 16, the test loading is controlled by connecting the tensile test system 10, and the test data are recorded.
The tensile test system 10 of the present application is a conventional device for testing mechanical properties of materials, and the present application is not particularly limited. All materials in the test device which are in contact with seawater should be resistant to high temperature and corrosion (such as S31603 austenitic stainless steel) so as to ensure the service life of the device.
Based on the in-situ testing device, the mechanical property test of the composite material in the seawater environment can be realized, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, adding real seawater (or high-salinity seawater) into a seawater tank 3, and adding distilled water into a distilled water tank 4; the valve is opened to introduce seawater into the seawater premix tank 5 or distilled water is added in addition to control salinity according to the test protocol. Then the first water pump 18 is started to perform self circulation, and meanwhile, the stirring paddle 19 is started to uniformly mix the seawater;
s2, fixing a sample 30 to be tested on the traction tool 17, and fixing the traction tool 17 in the water bath tank 16 after adjusting the traction force to a preset range;
s3, injecting seawater into the water bath tank 16 by using the first water pump 18; according to the test scheme, the heating conditions in the water bath tank 16 are controlled, so that the sample 30 to be tested is pretreated under the seawater full immersion environment according to preset conditions;
s4, installing two loading heads 11 in the environment box 7, closing the box door after compacting the sealing part, and fixing a traction shaft connected with the loading heads 11 on a traction mechanism of the tensile test system 10;
s5, wearing heat-insulating anti-corrosion gloves by test operators, and taking out the pretreated to-be-tested sample 30 from the water bath tank 16; clamping the sample on the loading head 11 from the manual operation window 22, and then closing the window;
s6, injecting seawater into the environmental box 7 by using the first water pump 18, and monitoring the liquid level until the test requirement is met; controlling the internal temperature of the environment box by using a heating system, keeping the internal temperature within the range of +/-0.1 ℃ of the set temperature, and preserving the heat for at least 20 minutes;
s7, after parameters of sample width, sample thickness and test speed are input on the industrial personal computer 1, starting the tensile test system 10 to load the sample until the sample is broken; according to the deformation of the sample obtained by real-time measurement of the extensometer 13, obtaining force-displacement and stress-strain curves in the test process, and calculating the elastic modulus of the sample;
s8, after the test is finished, closing the internal heating of the environment box, and discharging the liquid in the environment box into a recovery tank;
s10, opening a box door of the environment box, taking out the broken sample, and cleaning the interior of the environment box.
Based on the design of the application, the device can be used for replacing the sample under the condition of not exhausting the seawater in the environmental box 7 so as to repeatedly perform multiple tests, thereby improving the repeated test efficiency. And the test seawater can be saved and the test cost can be reduced through the circulation between the seawater recovery tank 14 and the environment tank 7. The operation method is exemplified as follows:
(1) After the 1 st tensile test was completed, the internal heating of the environmental chamber was not turned off. A valve on the line connecting the outlet of the environmental tank 7 with the inlet of the seawater recovery tank 14 is opened to discharge a portion of the liquid into the seawater recovery tank 14. A filter is provided on the pipeline to filter the sample debris from entering the seawater recovery tank 14. The liquid level meter is used for monitoring the liquid level descending condition in the environment box 7, and when the liquid level in the environment box is lower than the lower edge of the manual operation window 22, the valve can be closed, so that the seawater in the box is reserved as much as possible.
(2) The manual window 22 was opened, and the test operator put on the heat-insulating and corrosion-preventing glove and took out the broken composite laminate sample from the environmental chamber 7.
(3) From the batch of pre-treated samples in the water bath 16, the next sample to be tested 30 is removed. The loading heads 11 are controlled to move through the industrial personal computer 1, samples are clamped between the two loading heads 11, and then the manual operation window 22 is closed.
(4) The second water pump 15 is started, a valve on a pipeline connecting the inlet of the environmental tank 7 and the outlet of the seawater recovery tank 14 is opened, and the seawater in the seawater recovery tank 14 is pumped into the environmental tank 7.
(5) Since the seawater recovery process may cause liquid loss in the environmental tank 7, and the previous high temperature test may also cause water evaporation and seawater salinity increase, new seawater needs to be prepared by using the seawater tank 3, the distilled water tank 4 and the seawater premix tank 5 according to the liquid level decrease condition in the environmental tank 7 and the monitoring data of the third online salinity detector 9, and is replenished by the first water pump 18 until the seawater level and salinity in the tank meet the test conditions.
(6) After incubation for about 20 minutes, a 2 nd tensile test was performed.
With reference to the mode, the mechanical property test of a large number of composite material laminated plate samples can be realized in a short time.
By utilizing the device provided by the application, artificial seawater solutions with different salinity can be prepared, and the test is conveniently carried out.
For artificial seawater solutions of different salinity, the exemplary preparation steps are as follows:
(1) Distilled water is added into the distilled water tank 4; adding a high-salinity seawater solution into a seawater tank 3, wherein the salinity is x%;
(2) To prepare seawater solution with alpha L salinity of y% in the seawater premixing tank 5, respectively opening flow control valves for connecting the seawater tank 3, the distilled water tank 4 and the seawater premixing tank 5, feeding x% high salinity seawater solution with alpha.y/x L and distilled water with alpha (1-y/x) L, and then closing the valves;
(3) Stirring the mixed solution by starting a stirring paddle 19, and measuring the salinity of the mixed solution in the seawater premixing tank 5 by using a second online salinity detector 20; and if the set salinity requirement of the seawater solution is not met, adjusting the salinity of the mixed solution according to the measurement result until the salinity of the mixed solution in the tank meets the test condition.
Based on the operation content, the application can also independently perform mechanical property test on the samples subjected to high salinity accelerated corrosion aging.
The present application is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present application. Any simple modification, equivalent variation and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present application without departing from the technical solution of the present application still falls within the scope of the technical solution of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. An in-situ test device for mechanical properties of a composite material in a seawater environment is characterized by comprising: the system comprises a seawater preparation system, a pretreatment system, a test system, a conveying and circulating system, a heating system and a control system; wherein,,
the seawater preparation and storage system comprises a seawater tank, a distilled water tank, a seawater premixing tank and a seawater recovery tank, wherein stirring paddles are arranged in the seawater premixing tank;
the pretreatment system comprises a water bath box, wherein a plurality of groups of traction tools are arranged in the water bath box and are used for continuously applying stress when a sample is pretreated;
the test system comprises a tensile test system and an environment box; the environment box is arranged between two traction mechanisms of the tensile test system, an extensometer and two loading heads which are oppositely arranged are arranged in the environment box, and the loading heads are respectively connected to the corresponding traction mechanisms through traction shafts;
the heating system comprises heating elements arranged in an environment tank and a water bath tank;
the conveying and circulating system comprises a pipeline for connecting each container device, and two water pumps and a plurality of valves are arranged on the pipeline; the seawater tank and the distilled water tank are connected to the top of the seawater premixing tank through pipelines; the bottom outlet of the seawater premixing tank is connected with a first water pump, and the outlet of the first water pump is respectively connected to the top of the seawater premixing tank, the inlet of the water bath tank and the inlet of the environmental tank through pipelines; the bottom outlet of the environment tank is connected to the top of the seawater recovery tank through a pipeline, the bottom outlet of the seawater recovery tank is connected with a second water pump, and the outlet of the second water pump is connected to the inlet of the environment tank through a pipeline;
the control system comprises an upper industrial personal computer, and is respectively connected with a sensing device and power equipment in each system through signal wires.
2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the traction tool comprises an upper chuck and a lower chuck which are arranged in parallel and are connected by at least two groups of traction screw rods; the two chucks are composed of two clamping pieces which are spliced in pairs, and the end part of a sample to be tested is positioned between the clamping pieces and is fastened and installed by fastening screws; the traction tool is also provided with a load sensor and is connected to the upper computer through a signal wire for monitoring the traction force applied to the sample.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the extensometer is secured inside an environmental chamber by an extensometer mount; sealing components are respectively arranged between the traction shaft and the environment box body and between the extensometer bracket and the environment box body.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein on-line salinity detectors are provided in the seawater tank, the seawater premix tank, and the environmental tank, respectively; liquid level meters are respectively arranged in the seawater premixing tank, the environmental tank and the seawater recovery tank; the on-line salinity detector and the liquid level meter are connected to the upper computer through signal lines.
5. The device of claim 1, wherein the heating element is an electric heater; alternatively, the heating system further comprises a heating unit, the heating element is a heating coil, and a circulation loop of the heating medium is formed between the heating unit and the heating coil through a pipeline.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a flow control valve or a gate valve is provided on a pipe connecting each container device; a flow control valve is arranged on a pipeline of the water pump outlet; a filter is arranged on a pipeline at the inlet of the seawater recovery tank; and the bottoms of the water bath tank and the seawater recovery tank are respectively provided with a vent valve.
7. The device according to claim 1, wherein a door on the front face of the environmental box is provided with a manual window and a glass observation window, and the manual window is positioned at the middle upper part of the door; and the top parts of the environment box and the seawater premixing tank are provided with ventilation ports for balancing the pressure.
8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a horizontally oriented guide rail is provided in the tensile test system, on which guide rail the bottom of the environmental chamber is movably embedded.
9. The method for testing mechanical properties of composite materials in a seawater environment by using the in-situ testing device as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, adding real seawater into a seawater tank, and adding distilled water into a distilled water tank; introducing seawater into the seawater premix tank, or adding distilled water to control salinity according to a test scheme; starting a first water pump to perform self circulation, and starting a stirring paddle to uniformly mix seawater;
s2, fixing the sample to be tested on a traction tool, adjusting the traction force to a preset range, and fixing the sample in a water bath tank;
s3, injecting seawater into the water bath box by using a first water pump; according to the test scheme, controlling the heating conditions in the water bath box, so that the sample to be tested is pretreated under the seawater full immersion environment according to the preset conditions;
s4, installing two loading heads in the environment box, closing the box door after compacting the sealing part, and fixing a traction shaft connected with the loading heads on a tensile test system;
s5, wearing heat-insulating anti-corrosion gloves by test operators, and taking out the pretreated test sample from the water bath tank; clamping a sample on a loading head from a manual operation window, and closing the window;
s6, injecting seawater into the environment box by using a first water pump, and monitoring the liquid level until the liquid level meets the test requirement; controlling the internal temperature of the environment box by using a heating system, keeping the internal temperature within the range of +/-0.1 ℃ of the set temperature, and preserving the heat for at least 20 minutes;
s7, after parameters of sample width, sample thickness and test speed are input on the industrial personal computer, starting a tensile test system to load the sample until the sample breaks; recording force-displacement and stress-strain curves in the test process in real time, and calculating the elastic modulus of the sample;
s8, after the test is finished, closing the internal heating of the environment box, and discharging the liquid in the environment box into a recovery tank;
s9, opening a box door of the environment box, taking out the broken sample, and cleaning the interior of the environment box.
10. The method as recited in claim 9, further comprising:
(1) When continuous testing is required to be carried out on batch samples, a plurality of samples are preprocessed simultaneously in the step S2;
(2) After the step S7 is finished, heating the interior of the environmental box is not closed, the seawater is discharged into the seawater recovery tank, and the liquid level is controlled to be lower than the lower edge of the manual operation window; starting a second water pump after replacing the sample, and delivering the recovered seawater into an environment box; and supplementing a proper amount of new seawater by utilizing the seawater tank, the distilled water tank and the seawater premixing tank according to the liquid level reduction condition in the environmental tank and the monitoring data of the online salinity detector.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117288622A (en) * | 2023-11-06 | 2023-12-26 | 浙江大学 | Friction and wear test device for high-pressure hydrogen environment material |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117288622A (en) * | 2023-11-06 | 2023-12-26 | 浙江大学 | Friction and wear test device for high-pressure hydrogen environment material |
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