CN116697801A - Composite heat dissipation device and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Composite heat dissipation device and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2255/00—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes
- F28F2255/06—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes composite, e.g. polymers with fillers or fibres
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
Abstract
The application provides a compound heat dissipation device, which comprises an electromagnetic radiation heat dissipation structure, wherein the electromagnetic radiation heat dissipation structure comprises a polarized material, the polarized material is composed of a plurality of polarized material units, the polarized material units are provided with optical phonons, wherein the polarized material can interact with solar radiation and thermal radiation, the solar radiation interacts with the surfaces of the polarized material units to generate diffuse reflection, the thermal radiation interacts with the optical phonons, and the optical phonons gain the thermal radiation energy intensity.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of materials and heat dissipation, in particular to a composite heat dissipation device combining multiple heat transfer modes, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the gradual aggravation of global extreme climate, the global air temperature is innovative and high, various cooling devices become global energy consumption, however, carbon dioxide is discharged in the process of energy consumption, and greenhouse gases increase global warming.
Heat transfer is divided into three modes, heat conduction, heat convection and heat radiation. When heat convection or heat conduction is blocked, heat radiation is the main transmission mode. Heat convection or heat conduction also has a major heat transfer effect when an obstruction is encountered in the heat radiation transfer of the object. The heat conduction and the heat radiation are all-directional heat energy transfer to all directions; conversely, thermal convection generally transfers thermal energy upward.
The present application provides a radiation composite heat dissipating device, which is a simple process that uses high durability materials and can be mass produced, and can be combined with various heat transfer schemes, including radiation cooling, so that the composite heat dissipating device can effectively reduce the absorption of solar radiation energy by an object and effectively gain the heat radiation energy of the object, and can also help the object to effectively dissipate redundant heat under the strong solar radiation in daytime, and the heat dissipating device scheme of optimal design is formed by combining heat conduction.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to solve the technical problems of providing a composite heat dissipation device which uses a simple process of high-durability materials and mass production, reduces the absorption of solar radiation energy by an object and the heat radiation energy of the object, has the characteristic of low thermal resistance, and can help the target object to effectively dissipate redundant heat under strong solar radiation in the daytime.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application provides a composite heat dissipating device, comprising an electromagnetic radiation heat dissipating structure, the electromagnetic radiation heat dissipating structure comprising a polarized material, the polarized material being composed of a plurality of polarized material units, the polarized material units having an optical phonon, wherein the polarized material is capable of interacting with a solar radiation and a thermal radiation, the solar radiation and the surface of the polarized material units interact to generate diffuse reflection, the thermal radiation and the optical phonon interact, and the optical phonon gains the thermal radiation energy intensity.
Preferably, the polarized material unit has a sub-wavelength structure.
Preferably, the staggered stacks of sub-wavelength structures form a self-supporting structure.
Preferably, the staggered stack of sub-wavelength structures forms an aperture structure comprising a plurality of apertures through which the solar radiation interacts with the surface of the poled material unit.
Preferably, the sub-wavelength structures are nano-sized particles.
Preferably, the sub-wavelength structures are fibrous structures having a diameter of a nanometer size.
Preferably, the sub-wavelength structure is a fibrous structure having a plurality of nano-sized particles attached thereto.
Preferably, the polarized material unit further comprises a plurality of acoustic phonons, and the plurality of acoustic phonons can mutually transmit energy.
Preferably, the electromagnetic radiation heat dissipation structure further comprises a heat conduction interface, wherein the heat conduction interface is positioned between the electromagnetic radiation heat dissipation structure and a heat source main body, and the heat source main body provides heat energy to be transmitted to the polarized material through the heat conduction interface.
Preferably, the thermal energy is transferred in the acoustic phonons and coupled to the optical phonons, which are used to gain the thermal radiation energy intensity.
The application provides a composite heat dissipating device, which comprises an electromagnetic radiation heat dissipating structure, wherein the electromagnetic radiation heat dissipating structure comprises a polarized material, the polarized material is composed of a plurality of first polarized material units and a plurality of second polarized material units, the first polarized material units are provided with first optical phonons, the second polarized material units are provided with second optical phonons, the first optical phonons and the second optical phonons are provided with different resonance frequencies, the polarized material can interact with solar radiation, first thermal radiation and second thermal radiation, the solar radiation can generate diffuse reflection on the surfaces of the first polarized material units and the second polarized material units, the first thermal radiation and the second thermal radiation interact with the first optical phonons and the second optical phonons respectively, the first optical phonons gain the first thermal radiation energy intensity, and the second optical phonons gain the second thermal radiation energy intensity.
Preferably, the first polarized material unit and the second polarized material unit are sub-wavelength structures.
Preferably, the staggered stacks of sub-wavelength structures form a self-supporting structure.
Preferably, the staggered stack of sub-wavelength structures forms an aperture structure comprising a plurality of apertures through which the solar radiation directly interacts with the first and second polarized material units.
The application provides a method for preparing a composite heat dissipating device, which comprises the steps of providing the polarized material, uniformly grinding the polarized material units, and then firing and forming the polarized material units at a temperature lower than the melting point of the polarized material units to form a self-supporting structure.
The application provides a method for modulating the spectral band of optical black body radiation by using a composite heat dissipating device, which provides polarized material units with optical phonons with different resonance frequencies, wherein the resonance frequencies of the optical phonons are positioned in the spectral band of the black body radiation, the polarized materials can interact with thermal radiation positioned in the spectral band of the black body radiation, the solar radiation can generate diffuse reflection on the surfaces of the first polarized material unit and the second polarized material unit, and the polarized material units with the optical phonons with different resonance frequencies can respectively gain the thermal radiation energy intensities.
The composite heat dissipation device disclosed by the application has high reflectivity to solar radiation energy, high emissivity to heat radiation and low thermal insulation coefficient, and the preparation method and the application thereof.
Other features and embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the following drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite heat dissipating device according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a polarized material unit according to an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a composite heat dissipating device according to another embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a first polarized material unit and a second polarized material unit according to an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing a comparison of the radiant power of boron nitride and silicon dioxide at different temperatures;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing a comparison of the absorption of boron nitride and silicon dioxide, and mixtures thereof, at different wavelengths;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing a comparison of the radiant power of silicon nitride and calcium sulfate at different temperatures;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the absorbance comparisons of silicon nitride and calcium sulfate, and mixtures thereof, at different wavelengths;
fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite heat dissipating device according to another embodiment of the present application.
Symbol description
1. 2, 3 combined type heat abstractor
11. 21 electromagnetic radiation heat radiation structure
111. 211 polarized material
112. Polarized material unit
212. First polarized material unit
213. Second polarized material unit
1121. Optical phonon
2121. First optical phonon
2131. Second optical phonon
1123. Acoustic phonons
2123. First acoustic phonon
2133. Second acoustic phonon
14. 24 heat source main body
13. 23 thermally conductive interface
15. Heat conductive material
λ solar Solar radiation
λ IR Heat radiation
λ IR1 First oneHeat radiation
λ IR2 Second heat radiation
P rad Radiant power
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical scheme of the present application, the following detailed description will be made through various embodiments and drawings. It should be understood, however, that the intention is not to limit the application to the particular embodiments described. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit of the application as defined by the appended claims. In addition, the terminology used in the present application is intended to be in the nature of words of description rather than of limitation. For example, "first" and "second" as used herein are used to distinguish between different objects and are not intended to limit a particular order.
The present disclosure relates to electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths, wherein "solar radiation" refers to any electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in the "solar spectral band" of radiation, which refers primarily to wavelengths from about 0.3 μm to 4 μm; "thermal radiation" refers to any electromagnetic radiation whose wavelength lies in the "blackbody radiation spectral band," which primarily refers to wavelengths from about 4 μm to 25 μm; the "atmospheric transparency window band" mainly refers to wavelengths from about 8 μm to 13 μm. It is to be understood, however, that the above representation of each wavelength is merely exemplary and not limiting, and that the distinction between different radiation wavelengths is now intended to explain the principles and efficacy of the technical features of the application and is not intended to limit the application to the exact particular wavelengths described.
"diffuse reflectance" as used herein with respect to a material or structure is the fraction of any incident electromagnetic radiation that is diffusely reflected from a surface. A perfect reflector is defined as having a diffuse reflectance of 100%. The high diffuse reflectance as referred to herein means that the material or structure has a diffuse reflectance of greater than about 60% over a specified range; the better diffuse reflectance can reach more than 80%; the optimal diffuse reflectance can reach more than 95%.
As used herein with respect to a material or structure, "emissivity" refers to the effectiveness of emitting electromagnetic radiation energy. A perfect blackbody emitter is defined as having an emissivity of 100%. By high emissivity, it is meant that the material or structure has an emissivity of greater than about 70% within a specified range; the better emissivity can reach more than 80 percent; the optimal emissivity can reach more than 95%.
As used herein, "transmissivity" with respect to a material or structure refers to the ratio of electromagnetic waves passing through the material or structure within a prescribed wavelength band. A perfectly transmissive material or structure is defined as a 100% transmittance. The high transmittance as referred to herein means that the material or structure has a transmittance of greater than about 60% within a specified range; the better transmittance of the application can reach more than 80 percent; the optimal transmittance can reach more than 95 percent.
As used herein with respect to a material or structure, a "sub-wavelength structure" means that the material or structure comprises at least one dimension in a direction that is less than the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation to which it is compared. Such as any shaped particle having a dimension in at least one direction that is near or less than the wavelength of the maximum of the blackbody radiation intensity of the material, or any shaped fiber having a diameter that is less than the wavelength of the maximum of the blackbody radiation intensity of the material. The wavelength of the maximum value of the blackbody radiation intensity of the material can be calculated by the temperature of the material through the wien displacement law.
The "polarizing material" in the present application is a material with high energy gap, and has very little absorption in the solar radiation spectrum band, such as but not limited to various oxides (Al 2 O 3 、ZnO、MgO、TiO 2 、SiO 2 、HfO 2 、ZrO 2 Etc.), nitride (AlN, hBN, cBN, si) 3 N 4 GaN, etc.), siC, metal fluorides (CaF 2 、MgF 2 、BaF 2 ) Carbonates (CaCO) 3 、CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 CO-containing of the same kind 3 2- Compounds of (2), a sulfate salt (BaSO) 4 、CaSO 4 Containing SO 4 2- Compounds of (2), phosphates (PO-containing) 4 3- A compound of (c) and the like.
In the present application, "optical phonon" refers to the collective oscillation of atoms in a crystal and the quantization of excitation modes. If two or more atoms exist in the crystal lattice and have different charge distributions, dipoles (dipoles) generated between the different atoms interact with the incident electromagnetic wave to change the relative positions of the atoms in the crystal lattice, and the phonon mode is called optical phonon. The optical phonons generated in the spectral band of the blackbody radiation of the material remarkably improve the emissivity of the electromagnetic radiation energy of the material. The acoustic phonons refer to the overall translational vibration of the crystal lattice in the crystal, and the relative position relationship of atoms in the crystal lattice is unchanged. For polarized materials with crystalline structures, the acoustic phonon modes help the heat to propagate inside the polarized material to the surface, gain the material electromagnetic radiation energy intensity.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite heat dissipating device 1 according to an embodiment of the application. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a polarized material unit 112 according to an embodiment of the application. The composite heat dissipation device 1 includes an electromagnetic radiation heat dissipation structure 11, and the electromagnetic radiation heat dissipation structure 11 can be respectively connected with a solar radiation lambda solar And a heat radiation lambda IR The electromagnetic radiation heat dissipation structure 11 has different optical properties at different electromagnetic radiation bands. The composite heat dissipation device 1 has high diffuse reflectance in a solar radiation spectrum band and high emissivity in a blackbody radiation spectrum band. The electromagnetic radiation heat dissipation structure 11 comprises a polarized material 111, wherein the polarized material 111 is composed of a plurality of polarized material units 112, wherein the surface of the polarized material units 112 and the solar radiation lambda solar The interaction produces diffuse reflection. The polarized material 112 has an optical phonon 1121. Optical phonon 1121 and thermal radiation λ IR Interaction gain the thermal radiation lambda IR Energy intensity.
In this embodiment, the polarized material 111 is a pore structure composed of a plurality of polarized material units 112 stacked alternately, and the pores or holes formed in the pore structure can allow the solar radiation λ to pass through solar Through which solar radiation lambda passes solar Scattering occurs at the surface of the polarized material element 112. Solar radiation lambda solar From combined heat dissipationOne side of the device 1 enters into contact with the surface of the polarized material unit 112, and scatters on the surface of the polarized material unit 112, and the scattered solar radiation lambda is generated in different directions due to the scattering solar Multiple scattering can occur with the surfaces of the multiple polarized material elements 112. The pore structure of the polarization material 111 of the present application can achieve the effect of incident solar radiation lambda solar Resulting in high diffuse reflectance efficacy. It is understood that the pore structure formed by the staggered stack of the polarized material units 112 may be a regular or irregular arrangement of the staggered stack of the polarized material units 112, so long as the pore structure with pores or holes is formed and high diffuse reflectivity is generated, which is within the scope of the present application.
In this embodiment, the voids in the void structure are not capable of rejecting incident solar radiation λ solar In addition to producing high diffuse reflectivity, air in the pores can also regulate the equivalent optical constant of the entire polarized material 111, and slight increase of the porosity of the pore structure helps to dilute the equivalent optical constant of the entire polarized material 111, and by reducing the particle density adjustment and the porosity of the staggered stack, the heat radiation lambda is improved IR Is a radiation rate of (a). It will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the voids of the void structure may be filled with a material having a lower refractive index than the refractive index of the polarized material unit 112 for the purpose of adjusting the equivalent optical constant of the polarized material 11 as a whole.
The size of the polarized material unit 112 of the application is a sub-wavelength structure, which is any shape of particles having a dimension in at least one direction that is close to or smaller than the wavelength of the compared electromagnetic radiation, or any shape of fiber structure having a diameter that is close to or smaller than the wavelength of the compared electromagnetic radiation, etc. If the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation being compared is the wavelength at which the maximum of the blackbody radiation intensity of the material is present, the sub-wavelength structure may be, for example, but not limited to, nano-sized particles having a diameter distribution of between 50nm and 8000nm, more preferably between 100nm and 2000nm. It is understood that in other embodiments, the polarized material units 112 are fibrous structures having a diameter of a nanometer size, or a plurality of nanometer sized particles are attached to a fibrous structure. The present application does not require that all of the polarized material units 112 have the same size, as long as the polarized material 111 includes a certain number of polarized material units 112 having sub-wavelength structural characteristics, which is the scope of the present application.
Fig. 2 shows a polarized material unit 112 and solar radiation lambda solar Heat radiation lambda IR Schematic of interaction. Solar radiation lambda solar And upon incidence to the surface of the polarized material element 112, will scatter in all directions. The polarized material unit 112 is a high-energy-gap material, and has very small solar radiation absorption to solar radiation spectrum bands, and can generate high diffuse reflectivity. The polarized material unit 112 with the secondary structure of the present application has an optical phonon 1121, where the optical phonon 1121 refers to a phenomenon that when atoms of a material forming a lattice vibrate, the relative positions of the atoms change, and dipoles (dipoles) generated between different atoms and electromagnetic waves with specific frequencies generate coupling and resonance, which is helpful for extracting photons containing the energy interval from the resonance band interval, and the phonon mode at this time is called as an optical phonon 1121, and the optical phonon 1121 can enhance the emissivity of the electromagnetic waves. In the present embodiment, when the optical phonon 1121 and the heat radiation λ of a specific frequency IR The interaction produces resonance and the optical phonons 1121 may gain the specific frequency thermal radiation λ IR Is provided. Compared with the high molecular polymer, the polarized material unit 112 of the application contains more energy density of the optical phonons 1121 in the polarized material unit 112, and irradiates lambda to the heat with specific frequency IR The emission energy intensity of the polymer is larger than that of the polymer.
Referring to fig. 2 again, the polarized material unit 112 of the present application further has an acoustic phonon 1123, where the acoustic phonon 1123 refers to the translational vibration of the entire lattice of the material, and the relative positional relationship of the atoms inside is unchanged. The acoustic phonons 1123 can interact with heat energy, that is, heat energy transfer can be effectively performed between different polarized material units 112, the acoustic phonons 1123 of the polarized material units 112 with the secondary long structure of the application can increase heat transfer efficiency, and the whole heat of the polarized material 111The resistance value is reduced. The heat transferred into the polarized material unit 112 can radiate heat radiation lambda between resonance bands again through the optical phonons 1121 IR Extraction (extraction) emits radiation lambda of a specific frequency IR Is provided.
Referring to fig. 1 again, which is a schematic illustration of the assembly of the composite heat dissipating device 1 on a heat source body 14, a heat conduction interface 13 is located between the electromagnetic radiation heat dissipating structure 11 and the heat source body 14, and heat energy of the heat source body 14 can be transferred to the electromagnetic radiation heat dissipating structure 11 through the heat conduction interface 13. Specifically, a portion of the polarized material unit 112 of the polarized material 111 is in direct contact with the thermally conductive interface 13, and thermal energy is directly transferred into the polarized material unit 112 through the thermally conductive interface 13. The thermal energy received by the polarized material elements 112 may be transferred by the acoustic phonons 1123 to other polarized material elements 112. The overall thermal resistance of the polarized material 111 is minimized due to the heat transfer of the acoustic phonons 1123, and the temperature difference between both side surfaces of the polarized material 111 is reduced. The polarized material unit 112 radiates lambda through the optical phonons 1121 with heat IR Is extracted and emitted outwards to gain the heat radiation lambda with specific frequency IR Energy intensity. The polarized material 111 of the present application reduces the overall thermal resistance through heat transfer of the acoustic phonons 1123 and increases the thermal radiation λ through the optical phonons 1121 IR The radiation cooling power of the polarization material 111 is increased to assist the heat dissipation of the heat source body 14. Therefore, the whole composite heat radiator 1 can achieve the effective heat transfer and radiation cooling effects.
Referring to fig. 3, a schematic diagram of a composite heat dissipating device 2 according to another embodiment of the application is shown, wherein the composite heat dissipating device 2 includes an electromagnetic radiation heat dissipating structure 21, the electromagnetic radiation heat dissipating structure 21 includes a polarized material 211, and the polarized material 211 includes a plurality of first polarized material units 212 and a plurality of second polarized material units 213. The electromagnetic radiation heat dissipation structure 21 can be respectively connected with a solar radiation lambda solar A first heat radiation lambda IR1 And a second heat radiation lambda IR2 Interaction in which a first thermal radiation lambda IR1 And a second heat radiation lambda IR2 Having different wavelengths, electromagnetic radiation dispersionThe thermal structure 21 is responsive to solar radiation lambda solar Has high diffuse reflectance and the electromagnetic radiation radiating structure 21 radiates the first heat lambda IR1 And a second heat radiation lambda IR2 Has high emissivity.
The same portions as those of the foregoing embodiment will be described in detail with respect to differences. In the present embodiment, the polarizing material 211 is a pore structure and a self-supporting structure, which are composed of a plurality of first polarizing material units 212 and a plurality of second polarizing material units 213 stacked alternately, and solar radiation λ solar Enters from one side of the electromagnetic radiation heat dissipation structure 21, and scatters on the surface of the first polarized material unit 212 or the second polarized material unit 213, thereby generating solar radiation lambda solar Can be reacted with the surfaces of the plurality of first polarized material elements 212 and/or the plurality of second polarized material elements 213 to produce multiple scattering, such that the polarized material 211 is resistant to solar radiation lambda solar Has high diffuse reflectance. It is also understood that the void structure formed by the staggered stack of the plurality of first polarized material units 212 and second polarized material units 213, the first polarized material units 212 and second polarized material units 213 may be arranged in a regular or irregular staggered stack, as long as the void structure with voids is formed to produce a high diffuse reflectance, which is within the spirit of the present application.
Fig. 4 shows the first and second polarized material units 212 and 213, respectively, and solar radiation λ according to the above embodiment solar First heat radiation lambda IR1 And a second heat radiation lambda IR2 Schematic of interaction. The first polarized material unit 212 has a first optical phonon 2121, and the second polarized material unit 213 has a second optical phonon 2131, where the first optical phonon 2121 and the second optical phonon 2131 can generate coupling and resonance with electromagnetic waves with different frequencies. In the present application, the first optical phonon 2121 and the second optical phonon 2131 are respectively coupled with the first thermal radiation λ IR1 And a second heat radiation lambda IR2 The interaction produces resonance and the first optical phonons 2121 and the second optical phonons 2131 may gain the first thermal radiation λ having different frequencies IR1 And a second heat radiation lambda IR2 Is not limited by the energy of emission of (a)Strength.
The first polarized material unit 212 further includes a first acoustic phonon 2123, and the second polarized material unit 213 further includes a second acoustic phonon 2133, the first acoustic phonon 2123 and the second acoustic phonon 2133 being capable of interacting with thermal energy. In this embodiment, thermal energy can be efficiently transferred in the first acoustic phonons 2123 of the first polarized material unit 212 and the second acoustic phonons 2133 of the second polarized material unit 213 having the sub-long structure. When energy is effectively transferred to the first and second polarized material units 212 and 213, the first and second optical phonons 2121 and 2131 in the first and second polarized material units 212 and 213 may radiate a first thermal radiation λ in a resonance band interval IR1 And a second heat radiation lambda IR2 To gain a first thermal radiation lambda of a specific frequency IR1 And a second heat radiation lambda IR2 Is provided.
Referring to fig. 3 again, a schematic diagram of the assembly of the composite heat dissipating device 2 on a heat source body 24 is shown, a heat conduction interface 23 is located between the electromagnetic radiation heat dissipating structure 21 and the heat source body 24, and heat energy of the heat source body 24 can be transferred to the electromagnetic radiation heat dissipating structure 21 through the heat conduction interface 23. Specifically, a portion of the first polarized material unit 212 and a portion of the second polarized material unit 213 of the polarized material 211 are in direct contact with the thermal conduction interface 23, and thermal energy is transferred to the first polarized material unit 212 and the second polarized material unit 213 through the thermal conduction interface 23. The thermal energy received by the first polarized material unit 212 and the second polarized material unit 213 may be transferred by the first acoustic phonons 2123 and the second acoustic phonons 2133 to the other first polarized material unit 212 and the second polarized material unit 213. Because the first acoustic phonons 2123 and the second acoustic phonons 2133 may effectively increase heat transfer efficiency, the overall thermal resistance of the polarized material 211 may be minimal and the temperature differential across the two sides of the polarized material 211 may be reduced. The first polarized material unit 212 and the second polarized material unit 213 gain the first thermal radiation lambda with a specific frequency through the first optical phonons 2121 and the second optical phonons 2131 IR1 And a second heat radiation lambda IR2 Is provided. The polarization material 211 of the application is communicatedThe heat transfer through the first and second acoustic phonons 2123 and 2133 reduces the overall thermal resistance value, increasing the first thermal radiation λ through the first and second optical phonons 2121 and 2131 IR1 And a second heat radiation lambda IR2 The radiation cooling power of the polarization material 211 is increased, effectively helping the heat dissipation of the heat source body 23.
The composite heat sink 2 of the present application includes a plurality of first polarized material units 212 and a plurality of second polarized material units 213. The advantage is that the choice of the polarization material with specific optical phonon resonance bands helps the regulation of the spectrum, and the broad band high-emissivity radiator can still be made by combining a plurality of polarization materials with different optical phonon resonance bands. Compared with various bonding vibration modes generated by functional groups formed by elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and the like of the high-molecular polymer in the prior art, the characteristic peak wavelengths of the functional groups are quite close, so that the characteristic peak wavelengths overlap in the infrared light wave band to form an absorption peak with larger half-height wave width, and a broadband emitter which is difficult to modulate the high-emissivity wave band is formed.
The combination of the first polarized material unit 212 and the second polarized material unit 213 of the composite heat sink 2 according to the embodiment of the present application is as follows, and the following materials may be used, but are not limited to: the first polarized material element 212 is boron nitride and the second polarized material element 213 is silicon dioxide. FIG. 5 shows the radiant power P of a broadband high emissivity radiant cooler made with boron nitride and silicon dioxide at different temperatures at 330K, and 373K in a mixing ratio of 1:1 and a porosity of 0.3 rad Is a comparison of the figures. FIG. 6 is a graph showing the absorbance comparisons of boron nitride and silicon dioxide, and mixtures thereof, at wavelengths of 4-25 μm. Due to the intrinsic properties of the material, the absorption valleys appear at the positions of 6-8 μm and 12-13 μm and the absorption valleys appear at the positions of 8-10 μm and 20 μm after the silicon dioxide is formed. If the two materials are uniformly mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1 and the porosity in the self-supporting structure is considered, the mixed polarized material can be largely divided into the low valleys of the absorption spectra of the first polarized material unit 212 and the second polarized material unit 213 according to the calculation of the equivalent medium theory, and is obviously reflected in the radiation capability of the materialAnd (3) upper part. Considering the application, the heat source capable of assisting the self-heat generation can radiate heat, so that the radiation power of the material at high temperature can be calculated through the absorption spectrum. The radiant power of boron nitride and silicon dioxide at 373K is 860.14W/m respectively 2 830.59W/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the However, if the two are uniformly mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare the broadband high-emissivity radiation cooling body, the radiation power is obviously increased to 917.93W/m 2 。
The combination of the first polarized material unit 212 and the second polarized material unit 213 of the composite heat sink 2 according to another embodiment of the present application is as follows, and the following materials may be used, but are not limited to: the first polarized material element 212 is silicon nitride and the second polarized material element 213 is calcium sulfate. FIG. 7 shows the radiant power P of a broadband high emissivity radiant cooler made of silicon nitride and calcium sulfate at different temperatures at 330K, and 373K at a mixing ratio of 1:1 and a porosity of 0.3 rad Is a comparison of the figures. FIG. 8 is a graph showing the comparison of the absorption rates of silicon nitride and calcium sulfate, and mixtures thereof, at wavelengths of 4-25 μm. Due to the intrinsic properties of the material, the absorption rate of silicon nitride at 6-7 μm and 10-14 μm, and calcium sulfate at 8-9 μm and 16-18 μm respectively show low valleys. It is also assumed that the two are uniformly mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1 and consider the porosity present in the self-supporting structure, and the radiant power of the material at 373K is calculated as the absorption spectrum. The radiation power of silicon nitride and calcium sulfate at 373K is 758.00W/m respectively 2 852.22W/m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the If the two are uniformly mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare the broadband high-emissivity radiation cooling body, the radiation power is obviously increased to 902.36W/m 2 。
Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite heat sink 3 according to another embodiment of the present application, and the difference between fig. 1 is that a heat conductive material 15 is disposed above a heat source main body 14. The heat conducting material 15 can fill the gaps between the polarized material 111 and the heat source main body 14 and between part of the polarized material units 112, and improve the heat transfer efficiency to reduce the interface thermal resistance. The heat conductive material 15 has a high heat transfer coefficient, and other properties such as viscosity, fluidity, and coating ductility can be adjusted according to the use situation. The types of heat conductive materials 15 include, but are not limited to, potting adhesive, silicone paste, silicone grease, heat conductive paste, silicone sheet, heat conductive silicone cloth, heat dissipation oil, heat conductive paint, plastic, heat conductive film, insulating material, interface material, double sided tape, heat conductive heat dissipation substrate, phase change material, heat dissipation film, mica sheet, gasket, tape, liquid metal heat conductive sheet, and the like. The thickness of the heat conductive material 15 is smaller than that of the polarized material 111, so that the outer surface of the polarized material 111 has a sufficient heat radiation emission area. It will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the gap may be filled with a material having a high heat transfer coefficient to increase the heat transfer efficiency and reduce the interfacial thermal resistance.
In this embodiment, the polarized material is a self-supporting structure formed by interlacing a plurality of polarized material units, and is prepared by firing the polarized material units at a temperature not exceeding the melting point of the material. The polarized material prepared by the application does not need to have a supporting substrate, can be directly contacted with an object to be cooled in application, and can achieve high cooling efficiency in use. The preparation method of the polarized material of the application may include, but is not limited to, the following steps: after one or more than one polarized materials with sub-wavelength particles are provided and uniformly ground, pressure molding can be selectively applied, and the molded materials are fired at high temperature for a period of time to increase stability. Such as, but not limited to: zinc oxide (median diameter 559 nm), silica (median diameter 542 nm) and alumina (median diameter 776 nm) particles were provided and mixed uniformly in a mortar, and then placed in a metal mold having a diameter of one inch (2.54 cm), and the powder in the mold was pressurized at a pressure of 80kg/cm3 for 2 minutes. Demoulding after compression molding, taking out, and performing biscuit firing at 700-800 ℃ for 1-2 hours to increase stability of the molded ingot. The thickness of the ingot is in the range of hundreds of microns to a few millimeters, and the optimal thickness may fall in the range of 100-1000 μm. The polarized material has high melting point, and the material manufactured by the process can endure high temperature for a long time and stably supply radiation cooling power. It will be appreciated that the above dimensions are merely illustrative and are not intended to be strictly limited to the numbers recited.
The thermal resistance of the polarized material of the application is characterized by the thermal insulation coefficient (thermal insulance, SI unit: m 2 * K/W). The physical meaning of the thermal insulation coefficient is that there is a single unit in unit timeThe temperature difference across the object when the heat of the bit passes through the material per unit area can be obtained by dividing the thickness of the material by the thermal conductivity of the material (thermal conductivity, SI units: W/m x K). The thermal insulation material generally has a thermal insulation coefficient of greater than 0.1m 2 * K/W; the thermal insulation coefficient of the common metal material is 1 x 10 -4 ～1*10 -5 m 2 * K/W interval. The polarized material of the application is selected from a plurality of polarized material units to be stacked alternately to form a self-supporting structure, the heat conduction coefficient of the self-supporting structure is about 0.5-10.0W/mK, and the heat insulation coefficient can be less than 5 x 10 -3 m 2 *K/W。
The composite heat dissipating device of the embodiment of the application comprises a polarized material, wherein the polarized material is composed of a plurality of polarized material units with a secondary long structure. The polarized material unit of the present application has optical phonons and acoustic phonons. The application has the advantages of controlling the band of emissivity of the single or composite material of the structure and the selection of the optical phonon falling on the blackbody radiation band to achieve the selective narrow-band or wide-band radiator, thereby being suitable for the cooling requirements of different situations. In addition, the polarized material can provide higher mechanical property, ultraviolet light stability and heat resistance, so that the bottleneck of the application of the polymer radiation cooling material can be overcome. The polarized material of the application is different from the polymer material of the prior art in that the polymer usually absorbs in ultraviolet (290-350 nm) or near infrared (1500-2500 nm) wave bands, besides not effectively reducing sunlight absorption, the weather resistance of the polymer is poor, and the polymer can be yellow or poor in mechanical property due to ultraviolet exposure when used outdoors for a long time, and the polymer is not high-temperature resistant (< 300 ℃) and lacks of flame-proof property, thus being unfavorable for building use. The polarization material has the technical advantages of mass production in large area, mature technology, easy shaping, light weight and low price.
The above examples and/or embodiments are merely illustrative of preferred examples and/or embodiments for implementing the technology of the present application, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the technology of the present application in any way, and any person skilled in the art should consider that the technology or examples substantially identical to the technology or embodiments of the present application can be modified or altered slightly without departing from the scope of the technical means disclosed in the present disclosure.
Claims (14)
1. A composite heat sink comprising an electromagnetic radiation heat sink structure comprising a poled material comprising a plurality of poled material elements, wherein the poled material is capable of interacting with solar radiation, wherein diffuse reflection is produced by the interaction of the solar radiation with the surfaces of the poled material elements, wherein the poled material elements have an optical phonon capable of interacting with a thermal radiation, wherein the optical phonon is capable of increasing the thermal radiation energy intensity.
2. The composite heat sink of claim 1 wherein the unit of polarized material is a sub-wavelength structure.
3. The composite heat sink of claim 2 wherein the staggered stacks of sub-wavelength structures form a self-supporting structure.
4. The composite heat sink of claim 2 wherein the staggered stacks of sub-wavelength structures form a void structure comprising a plurality of voids through which the solar radiation interacts with the surface of the polarized material element.
5. The composite heat sink of claim 2, wherein the sub-wavelength structures are nano-sized particles.
6. The composite heat sink of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the polarized material unit further comprises a plurality of acoustic phonons, the plurality of acoustic phonons being capable of transferring energy to each other.
7. The composite heat sink of claim 6 further comprising a thermally conductive interface between the electromagnetic radiation heat dissipating structure and a heat source body providing a transfer of heat energy through the thermally conductive interface to the polarized material.
8. The composite heat sink of claim 7 wherein the thermal energy is transferred in the acoustic phonons and coupled to the optical phonons, the optical phonons configured to gain the thermal radiation energy intensity.
9. The composite heat dissipating device is characterized by comprising an electromagnetic radiation heat dissipating structure, wherein the electromagnetic radiation heat dissipating structure comprises a polarized material, the polarized material is composed of a plurality of first polarized material units and a plurality of second polarized material units, the first polarized material units are provided with first optical phonons, the second polarized material units are provided with second optical phonons, the first optical phonons and the second optical phonons are provided with different resonance frequencies, the polarized material can interact with solar radiation, first thermal radiation and second thermal radiation, the solar radiation can generate diffuse reflection on the surfaces of the first polarized material units and the second polarized material units, the first thermal radiation and the second thermal radiation respectively interact with the first optical phonons and the second optical phonons, the first optical phonons gain the first thermal radiation energy intensity, and the second optical phonons gain the second thermal radiation energy intensity.
10. The composite heat sink of claim 9, wherein the first polarized material unit and the second polarized material unit are sub-wavelength structures.
11. The composite heat sink of claim 10 wherein the staggered stacks of sub-wavelength structures form a self-supporting structure.
12. The composite heat sink of claim 10 wherein the staggered stacks of sub-wavelength structures form an aperture structure comprising a plurality of apertures through which the solar radiation passes to interact directly with the first polarized material elements and the second polarized material elements.
13. A method for manufacturing a composite heat sink according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising providing the polarizing material, uniformly grinding the polarizing material units, and firing the polarizing material units at a temperature lower than the melting point of the polarizing material units to form a self-supporting structure.
14. A method of modulating a broadband radiation spectrum using a composite heat sink according to any of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the first and second polarized material elements are provided which are located within a blackbody radiation spectrum band and have different resonance frequencies, the composite heat sink having an overall absorptivity of the blackbody radiation spectrum band that is greater than the absorptivity of the first and second polarized material elements.
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