CN116691360A - 用于机动车的牵引网络 - Google Patents

用于机动车的牵引网络 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN116691360A
CN116691360A CN202310198014.8A CN202310198014A CN116691360A CN 116691360 A CN116691360 A CN 116691360A CN 202310198014 A CN202310198014 A CN 202310198014A CN 116691360 A CN116691360 A CN 116691360A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
converter
voltage
traction network
designed
inverter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202310198014.8A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
R·库什
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Volkswagen AG
Original Assignee
Volkswagen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Volkswagen AG filed Critical Volkswagen AG
Publication of CN116691360A publication Critical patent/CN116691360A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/24—Using the vehicle's propulsion converter for charging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/0074—Plural converter units whose inputs are connected in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/0077—Plural converter units whose outputs are connected in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/10—Arrangements incorporating converting means for enabling loads to be operated at will from different kinds of power supplies, e.g. from ac or dc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/327—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection against abnormal temperatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4216—Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input operating from a three-phase input voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/003—Constructional details, e.g. physical layout, assembly, wiring or busbar connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/12—Buck converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/14—Boost converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车的牵引网络(1)，其中，所述牵引网络(1)具有至少一个高压电池(2)、逆变器(6)、电机(7)、直流电压充电接头(11)和交流电压充电接头，其中，在交流电压充电接头与高压电池(2)之间布置整流器(8)和DC/DC转换器(9)，其中在高压电池(2)与逆变器(6)之间布置DC/DC转换器(5)。

Description

用于机动车的牵引网络
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车的牵引网络。
背景技术
牵引网络的典型结构由牵引电池、逆变器和电机组成。在此，对于这种牵引网络的各个部件是如何构造的，已知许多不同的拓扑。为了降低电流，尝试在车辆侧以尽可能高的电压进行工作。例如，已知牵引电池的额定电压为800V的牵引网络。这导致半导体开关的耐压性出现问题，因此已经针对这种牵引网络提出三电平逆变器，如DE 10 2016206 945A1中所描述的。另一个问题是不统一的充电基础设施，一方面存在400V直流充电桩并且还存在800V直流充电桩。根据所使用的拓扑，最大充电功率在此不能完全地充分利用，或者电路开销非常高。
此外，经常希望也可以用交流电压进行充电。在这种情况下，在交流电压充电接头与高压电池之间布置整流器，该整流器将交流电压转换为直流电压。在此，还可以附加地设置DC/DC转换器，该DC/DC转换器将整流后的电压调整到高压电池的电压水平。
从DE 10 2019 106 485 A1中已知一种Weissach整流器装置，其可以适应于在交流电压充电侧的不同配置。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是，建立一种牵引网络，其中改进了电网的工作点设置。
上述技术问题的解决方案由具有根据本发明的特征的牵引网络给出。本发明还给出了另外的有利的设计方案。
为此，用于机动车的牵引网络具有至少一个高压电池、逆变器、电机、直流电压充电接头和交流电压充电接头，其中在交流电压充电接头和高压电池之间布置整流器和DC/DC转换器，其中在高压电池和逆变器之间布置DC/DC转换器。该DC/DC转换器允许电机在优化的工作点运行，而与高压电池的当前的电压水平无关。在此，例如可以在效率或驱动功率方面进行优化。
在一种实施方式中，交流电压接头与高压电池之间的DC/DC转换器和高压电池与逆变器之间的DC/DC转换器被设计为共同的DC/DC转换器，这节省了构件，这又节省了成本和安装空间。另一个优点是，这个共同的DC/DC转换器可以紧凑地布置在具有相应冷却件的电路板上。由于DC/DC转换器在功率方面是为逆变器设计的，因此逆变器的设置对于交流电压充电总是足够的。如果整流器相应地被构造为可缩放的(skalierbar)，从而其例如可以处理11、22或43kW的充电功率，则不需要进一步调整DC/DC转换器，因为其通常是针对逆变器的更高功率而设计的。因此，在交流电压充电功率缩放时，变化需求减少到整流器的调整。
在另外的实施方式中，高压电池具有两个具有相同额定电压的电池单元，以及开关模块，其中开关模块被设计为，使得两个电池单元可以可选地并联或串联连接。例如，额定电压为400V，因此高压电池可以以400V或800V的直流电压充电，其中在800V的牵引网络中可用于驱动，从而减少了所需的电流。在此，通过相应的电路连接可以确保，两个电池单元在并联连接之前在电压技术上平衡，以减少补偿电流。
在另外的实施方式中，DC/DC转换器被设计为双向升压降压斩波器，这允许在设置电机的工作点时的最大的自由度。但是，这增加了电路开销。
因此，在替换的实施方式中，DC/DC转换器被设计为双向升压斩波器，使得高压电池的电压始终被升压。
替换地，DC/DC转换器被设计为双向降压斩波器。
在另外的实施方式中，整流器被设计为单向Vienna整流器，该整流器是非常鲁棒的并且需要很少的构件并且是能够容易缩放的。替换地，整流器被设计为双向中性点钳位整流器(Neutral-point-clamped-Gleichrichter)，由此功率也可以反馈到外部电网。替换地，整流器被设计为Weissach整流器，如DE 10 2019 106 485A1中所描述的。这允许容易地适应于不同的外部交流电压充电结构。
在另外的实施方式中，DC/DC转换器具有开关模块，其被设计为DC/DC转换器在第一开关位置与逆变器的输入接头连接，并在第二开关位置与整流器的输出接头连接。由此也确保了，在高压电池充电时，电机不会通电，并且因此不会产生不期望的驱动力矩。
在另外的实施方式中，高压电池的开关模块具有中性点，其中中性点与DC/DC转换器的中性点连接，其中逆变器被设计为3L逆变器，其中DC/DC转换器的中性点与逆变器的中性点连接。
在另外的实施方式中，高压电池的开关模块的开关元件被设计为继电器和/或DC/DC转换器的开关模块的开关元件被设计为继电器，从而可以分别实现电流隔离。
附图说明
下面根据优选的实施例对本发明进行更详细的说明。附图中：
图1示出了第一实施方式中的牵引网络的示意性电路布置，
图2示出了第二实施方式中的牵引网络的示意性电路布置，
图3示出了Vienna整流器的示意性电路布置，
图4示出了双向NPC整流器示意性电路布置，
图5示出了具有升压升降斩波器的牵引网络的示意性电路布置，
图6示出了具有3L逆变器的牵引网络的示意性电路布置，
图7示出了第一实施方式中的具有升压斩波器的牵引网络的示意性电路布置，
图8示出了第二实施方式中的具有升压斩波器的牵引网络的示意性电路布置，
图9示出了第三实施方式中的具有升压斩波器的牵引网络的示意性电路布置；和
图10示出了第四实施方式中的具有升压斩波器的牵引网络的示意性电路布置。
具体实施方式
在图1中示意性示出了第一实施方式中的牵引网络1。牵引网络1具有高压电池2，其具有两个电池单元3和开关模块4。此外，牵引网络1具有DC/DC转换器5、逆变器6、电机7、整流器8和另外的DC/DC转换器9。整流器8具有三个输入端L1-L3，在该输入端L1-L3处分别设置有电感L，电感L的另一端形成用于外部交流电压源10的交流电压接头，其中交流电压源10的中性线被引导到整流器8和DC/DC转换器9的中性点之间的连接线。DC/DC转换器9优选地是升压斩波器，其将整流器的输出端处的整流后的电压升压到高压电池2的电压。此外，牵引网络1具有直流电压充电接头11，其与高压电池2的开关模块4连接。借助开关模块4，两个电池单元3可选地可以并联或串联连接。此外，开关模块4可以具有补偿电池单元3之间的电压差的装置。例如，如果电池单元3具有400V的额定电压，则在直流电压充电接头11处可选地以400V或800V充电。通过用于补偿电压差的装置，在并联连接时减少了补偿电流。这种电压补偿可以通过不同的方式进行，例如借助电芯平衡。借助DC/DC转换器5，可以借助逆变器6在电机7上设置期望的工作点，而与高压电池2的电压无关。在此，DC/DC转换器5被设计为双向的，以将回收能量反馈到高压电池2。此外，优选地，DC/DC转换器5被设计为升压降压斩波器，因此可以根据在电机7上设置的工作点电压来升压或降压高压电池电压。因此，所示的牵引网络1在外部的充电电压方面非常灵活，并且在电机7上的工作点设置方面非常灵活。但是，电路的开销也不小。
图2中现在示出了牵引网络1，其中DC/DC转换器9集成到DC/DC转换器5中作为共同的DC/DC转换器12。这具有多个优点。一方面，节省了构件、成本和安装空间。另一个优点是，在调整交流电压源10的充电功率时，只需要在功率技术上调整整流器8，而DC/DC转换器12被设计为对于直至43kW的所有常见的功率等级已经是足够的。另一个优点是冷却。整流器8中的功率损耗通常非常低，使得简单的空气冷却就足够了，而DC/DC转换器12和可能的逆变器6具有液体冷却，但是该液体冷却可以被设计为在空间上是非常紧凑的。
在此，在最简单的情况下，整流器8可以被设计为单向Vienna整流器，如图3所示。在此，功率因数校正(PFC)可以集成到整流器8中。替换地，整流器8也可以被设计为双向NPC整流器，使得牵引网络也可以向交流电压网络馈送功率。这种NPC整流器在图4中示出，其中在输入端处可以附加地存在交流电压滤波器13。
在图5中，现在示出了根据图2的牵引网络1，其中附加地示出了交流电压滤波器13和直流电压滤波器14。此外示出了用于DC/DC转换器12的可能的电路，利用该电路，DC/DC转换器12可以作为升压斩波器以及作为降压斩波器运行。在此进一步绘出，所示的电路连接总共并联地存在三次，以分配功率。然而，这并不是强制性的，因此也可以设置多于或少于三个电路连接。进一步绘出了，高压电池2的中性点与DC/DC转换器的中性点连接。此外，在DC/DC转换器12中示出了开关模块15。在开关模块15中布置了开关元件，其优选地被设计为继电器。借助开关元件，在利用交流电压充电时，逆变器6可以与DC/DC转换器12分离，使得整流器8的输出端DC+、N和DC-与DC/DC转换器12的点P1-P3连接。
图6中示出了牵引网络1的替换的实施方式，其中，与图5的本质区别在于，逆变器6被设计为三电平逆变器或3L逆变器，其中高压电池2的中性点N经由DC/DC转换器12到逆变器6构成回路。
图7中示出了牵引网络1的另一替换的实施方式，其中DC/DC转换器12被设计为升压斩波器，高压电池2的电池电压只能始终被升压。这在一定程度上减少了电机7的工作点的设置可能，但对于大多数应用情况来说是足够的。
图8中示出了升压斩波器的替换的实施方式，该升压斩波器可以非常容易地缩放以分配功率。此外，构件的数量平均略低于根据图7的实施方式，但是其中，晶体管必须具有更高的耐压性。
图9和图10中示出了升压斩波器的其他替换的结构形式。
附图标记列表
1牵引网络
2高压电池
3电池单元
4开关模块
5DC/DC转换器
6逆变器
7电机
8整流器
9DC/DC转换器
10 交流电压源
11直流电压充电接头
12DC/DC转换器
13 交流电压滤波器
14 直流电压滤波器
15 开关模块

Claims (10)

1.一种用于机动车的牵引网络(1)，其中，所述牵引网络(1)具有至少一个高压电池(2)、逆变器(6)、电机(7)、直流电压充电接头(11)和交流电压充电接头，其中，在所述交流电压充电接头与所述高压电池(2)之间布置整流器(8)和DC/DC转换器(9)，
其特征在于，
在所述高压电池(2)与所述逆变器(6)之间布置DC/DC转换器(5)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的牵引网络，其特征在于，所述交流电压接头与所述高开关电池(2)之间的DC/DC转换器(9)和所述高压电池(2)与所述逆变器(6)之间的DC/DC转换器(5)被设计为共同的DC/DC转换器(12)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的牵引网络，其特征在于，所述高压电池(2)具有两个电池单元(3)以及开关模块(4)，所述两个电池单元具有相同的额定电压，其中所述开关模块(4)被设计为，使得所述两个电池单元(3)可选地能够并联或串联连接。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的牵引网络，其特征在于，DC/DC转换器(5，12)被设计为双向升压降压斩波器。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的牵引网络，其特征在于，DC/DC转换器(5，12)被设计为双向升压斩波器。
6.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的牵引网络，其特征在于，DC/DC转换器(5，12)被设计为双向降压斩波器。
7.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的牵引网络，其特征在于，所述整流器(8)被设计为单向Vienna整流器或双向中性点钳位整流器或Weissach整流器。
8.根据权利要求2至7中任一项所述的牵引网络，其特征在于，所述DC/DC转换器(12)具有开关模块(15)，所述开关模块被设计为，使得DC/DC转换器(12)在第一开关位置与所述逆变器(6)的输入接头连接，并且在第二开关位置与所述整流器(8)的输出接头连接。
9.根据权利要求3至8中任一项所述的牵引网络，其特征在于，所述高压电池(2)的开关模块(4)具有中性点(N)，其中所述中性点(N)与所述DC/DC转换器(12)的中性点(N)连接，其中所述逆变器(6)被设计为3L逆变器，其中所述DC/DC转换器(12)的中性点(N)与所述逆变器(6)的中性点(N)连接。
10.根据权利要求3至9中任一项所述的牵引网络，其特征在于，所述高压电池(2)的开关模块(4)的开关元件被设计为继电器，和/或DC/DC转换器(12)的开关模块(15)的开关元件被设计为继电器。
CN202310198014.8A 2022-03-03 2023-03-01 用于机动车的牵引网络 Pending CN116691360A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022202154.1A DE102022202154B3 (de) 2022-03-03 2022-03-03 Traktionsnetz für ein Kraftfahrzeug
DE102022202154.1 2022-03-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN116691360A true CN116691360A (zh) 2023-09-05

Family

ID=85132342

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202310198014.8A Pending CN116691360A (zh) 2022-03-03 2023-03-01 用于机动车的牵引网络

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20230278442A1 (zh)
KR (1) KR20230131440A (zh)
CN (1) CN116691360A (zh)
DE (1) DE102022202154B3 (zh)

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101679964B1 (ko) 2015-04-23 2016-11-25 현대자동차주식회사 친환경 차량의 전원장치
DE102015207413A1 (de) 2015-04-23 2016-10-27 Continental Automotive Gmbh Leistungsschaltung zur Stromversorgung in einem elektrisch angetriebenen Fahrzeug und stationäres Energieversorgungssystem
DE102016206945A1 (de) 2016-04-25 2017-10-26 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Kombinierte Multilevel-Umrichter- und ACDC Leistungslade-Einheit
DE102019106485B4 (de) 2019-03-14 2021-04-08 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Weissach-Gleichrichteranordnung
DE102019207045A1 (de) 2019-05-15 2020-11-19 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Halbleitermodul für eine Stromrichteranordnung, Stromrichteranordnung und Fahrzeug mit einer Stromrichteranordnung
DE102019117345A1 (de) 2019-06-27 2020-12-31 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Batteriesystem, Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Batteriesystems sowie Kraftfahrzeug
DE102019209654A1 (de) 2019-07-02 2020-10-15 Vitesco Technologies GmbH Fahrzeugbordnetz

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20230131440A (ko) 2023-09-13
DE102022202154B3 (de) 2023-02-23
US20230278442A1 (en) 2023-09-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US10523112B2 (en) Power converter and method of controlling the same
CN108068650B (zh) 通用电流充电器
US9840159B2 (en) Energy storage device having a DC voltage supply circuit and method for providing a DC voltage from an energy storage device
KR101273995B1 (ko) 전원 장치
US7830036B2 (en) Power electronic module pre-charge system and method
US10476401B2 (en) Device for converting voltage, traction network and method for charging a battery
US9231404B2 (en) Energy storage device, system with energy storage device and method for driving an energy storage device
CN111602329B (zh) 变流器部件和这种变流器部件的半导体模块
CN110588389B (zh) 电动汽车牵引电池充电和放电的充电装置和充电系统
CN102420458A (zh) 电力系统
US20140232332A1 (en) Charging circuit for an energy storage device, and method for charging an energy storage device
JP6439282B2 (ja) 充電システム、給電車両、充電車両、及び充電方法
US20120146406A1 (en) Electric vehicle control device
US9425723B2 (en) System comprising an electrically excited machine
EP2811630B1 (en) Power converter and power supplying method thereof
RU175680U1 (ru) Тяговый преобразователь напряжения с интегрированным зарядным устройством
CN103296910A (zh) 储能装置的直流电压截取装置和由储能装置生成直流电压的方法
CN113410898B (zh) 一种双向逆变充电机的供电系统
CN116691360A (zh) 用于机动车的牵引网络
CN112224060B (zh) 一种车辆及其能量转换装置与动力系统
JP5629667B2 (ja) マルチフェーズコンバータ
KR20100034607A (ko) 하이브리드 전력 공급 장치
KR20150062999A (ko) 에너지 저장 장치용 충전 회로를 포함하는 전기 구동 시스템, 그리고 에너지 저장 장치의 작동 방법
CN112224038A (zh) 一种能量转换装置、动力系统及车辆
JP6378549B2 (ja) 充放電装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination