CN116685728A - Composite fiber and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Composite fiber and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116685728A
CN116685728A CN202280009444.4A CN202280009444A CN116685728A CN 116685728 A CN116685728 A CN 116685728A CN 202280009444 A CN202280009444 A CN 202280009444A CN 116685728 A CN116685728 A CN 116685728A
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China
Prior art keywords
polymer
composite fiber
fiber
spinning
structural units
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CN202280009444.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
徐青
赵锁林
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Toray Fibers and Textiles Research Laboratories China Co Ltd
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Toray Fibers and Textiles Research Laboratories China Co Ltd
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Publication of CN116685728A publication Critical patent/CN116685728A/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D01D5/32—Side-by-side structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D01D5/34—Core-skin structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D01F8/12—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyamide as constituent
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D01F8/14—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyester as constituent
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D01F8/16—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one other macromolecular compound obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as constituent

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

A composite fiber and a preparation method thereof are provided, wherein the composite fiber is formed by composite spinning of a polymer A and a polymer B, and the composite fiber contains 5-50wt% of polyether structural units; the composite fiber is treated in boiling water for 30 minutes, and the curl number A after drying is 10-30/2.5 cm; the dried composite fiber was immersed in softened water at 20 ℃ for 1 minute and then surface water was wiped off, and the crimp number B was 0 to 50% of the crimp number a. The composite fiber has good crimping property and moisture absorption and release spontaneous expansion property, and fabrics prepared from the fiber have good air permeability.

Description

Composite fiber and preparation method thereof Technical Field
The invention relates to a composite fiber and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a composite fiber formed by two polymers with different polyether structural unit contents.
Background
Polyester fibers and polyamide fibers have a wide range of uses as conventional chemical fibers, ranging from apparel to industrial products such as fishing nets, filter cloths, cables, tires, and parachute cloths. The polyester fiber and the polyamide fiber can be used alone or mixed with other natural fibers or chemical synthetic fibers to prepare fabrics. The obtained fabric has the characteristics of smooth hand feeling, fastness, durability and moderate price. As the demand for comfort in wear continues to increase, more fibers with special functions are gradually replacing traditional polyester fibers and polyamide fibers. Among them, fabrics made from fibers having moisture absorption and release spontaneous expansion characteristics have been in great demand in the field of sportswear because of their excellent moisture absorption and quick drying properties, elasticity and drapability.
The prior art patent also relates to the study of such fibers. For example, chinese patent CN1809657a discloses a polyether ester elastic fiber which is an elastic fiber comprising a polyether ester elastomer copolymerized with a specific organic sulfonic acid metal salt, a hard segment of polybutylene terephthalate and a soft segment of polyoxyethylene glycol. The polyether ester elastic fiber has good hygroscopicity, and can be greatly and reversibly stretched by absorbing and releasing water. Although this patent discloses that the water absorption elongation of the fiber is 10% or more, the water absorption elongation of the fiber can be only 25.2% at most due to poor crimping property of the individual filaments (example 1).
In addition, chinese patent CN110295405a also discloses a moisture-absorbing and elongation composite fiber, the cross-section of which is in the form of a sun-moon side-by-side or eccentric core-sheath type, comprising a polyamide component and a polyolefin component, and the composite fiber is increased in elongation change by water absorption or moisture absorption, and returns to its original length after moisture release. However, since the difference in the hygroscopic elongation characteristics between the polyolefin component and the polyamide component is small, there is a certain disadvantage in both the dyeability and the hygroscopic elongation characteristics of the fiber.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite fiber with good crimping property and moisture absorption and release automatic expansion characteristic.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a composite fiber formed by composite spinning of a polymer A and a polymer B, wherein the composite fiber contains 5-50wt% of polyether structural units; the composite fiber is treated in boiling water for 30 minutes, and the curl number A after drying is 10-30/2.5 cm; the dried composite fiber was immersed in softened water at 20 ℃ for 1 minute and then surface water was wiped off, and the crimp number B was 0 to 50% of the crimp number a.
The polyether structural unit is preferably at least one of polyethylene glycol structural unit, polypropylene glycol structural unit and polytetramethylene glycol structural unit.
The polymers A and B are preferably polyesters or polyamides, respectively.
The composite fiber is preferably a side-by-side or eccentric core-sheath type composite fiber.
The area ratio of polymer A to polymer B in the cross section of the composite fiber is preferably 20/80 to 80/20.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the composite fiber, which is formed by composite spinning of a polymer A and a polymer B, wherein the difference of the mass fraction of polyether structural units in the polymer A to the mass fraction of polyether structural units in the polymer B is 10-60 wt%, preferably 30-50 wt%; the polyether structural unit content in the composite fiber is 5-50wt%.
The mass fraction of polyether structural units in the polymer A is preferably 0-20wt%; the mass fraction of polyether structural units in the polymer B is preferably from 30 to 60% by weight.
According to the invention, two polymers with different polyether structural unit contents are made into the composite fiber, so that the composite fiber has good crimping property and moisture absorption and release spontaneous stretching property, and the fabric prepared from the fiber has good air permeability.
Detailed Description
The composite fiber is formed by composite spinning of a polymer A and a polymer B. The shrinkage and the moisture absorption elongation of the polymer A and the polymer B are different due to the different contents of polyether structural units, so that the composite fiber is endowed with good crimping property and moisture absorption and release spontaneous expansion property.
The composite fiber can obtain the curl characteristic after being treated in boiling water for 30 minutes, and the curl number A of the composite fiber is tested to be 10-30/2.5 cm after being dried; the dried composite fiber was immersed in softened water at 20℃for 1 minute, then surface water was wiped off, and the number of crimps B was measured, wherein the number of crimps B was 0 to 50% of the number of crimps A.
During the process of making the fabric, the composite fibers are subjected to a hot water treatment, so that the fibers in the resulting fabric have a crimp. After the fabric absorbs water, the fibers in the fabric can spontaneously elongate, the number of curls is reduced, gaps among the fibers in the fabric are enlarged, and a bulge part is formed, so that good air permeability of the fabric is provided; after drying, the curl of the fibers in the fabric increases and returns to the original level, so that the gaps between the fibers return to their original shape and the protrusions are eliminated. Therefore, the fiber has good moisture absorption and quick drying performance after being made into clothing, and has more advantages than the traditional fiber in the field of sportswear.
The composite fiber of the invention contains 5-50wt% of polyether structural units. When the content of the polyether structural unit in the composite fiber is less than 5% by weight, there are two cases, the first possibility is that the composite fiber is difficult to obtain good crimp and spontaneous expansion and contraction characteristics by moisture absorption because the content of the polyether structural unit in the polymer a and the polymer B is small, that is, the difference in the content of the polyether structural unit in the polymer a and the polymer B is small, and the difference in the moisture absorption elongation of the polymer a and the polymer B is small; the second possibility is that the polyether structural unit content in the polymer a (or the polymer B) is large, but the compounding ratio of the polymer a (or the polymer B) in the composite fiber is small, and at this time, even if the difference in the moisture absorption elongation of the polymer a and the polymer B is large, the composite fiber cannot obtain good crimp and moisture absorption and release spontaneous expansion characteristics due to the small compounding ratio of the polymer a (or the polymer B). When the content of the polyether structural unit in the composite fiber is more than 50wt%, the fiber spinnability is poor.
The polyether structural units in the polymer A and the polymer B may be the same or different. The polyether structural unit is at least one of a polyethylene glycol structural unit, a polypropylene glycol structural unit and a polytetramethylene glycol structural unit, wherein the crimping property and the spontaneous moisture absorption and desorption expansion property of the fiber added with the polyethylene glycol structural unit are most obvious, and the price cost is relatively low, so the polyethylene glycol structural unit is preferable.
The polymer a and the polymer B may be various types of polymers known in the art, such as polyesters, polyolefins, polyurethanes, polycarbonates, polyolefins, polyamides, etc., which may be the same or different. But is preferably polyester or polyamide in view of price cost and product applicability.
The composite fiber of the present invention may be various types of composite fibers known in the art, such as core-sheath type, side-by-side type, eccentric core-sheath type, etc., in which the crimping property and the moisture absorption and release spontaneous stretching property of the side-by-side type composite fiber and the eccentric core-sheath type composite fiber are most remarkable, and the elasticity and the drapability of the obtained fabric are also better, so that the side-by-side type composite fiber and the eccentric core-sheath type composite fiber are preferable.
If the proportion of the polymer a or the polymer B in the composite fiber is too small, the crimp property and the spontaneous expansion and contraction property of the composite fiber due to moisture absorption and release are not obvious, and the polymer is abnormal in discharge during spinning and poor in spinnability. The area ratio of the polymer A to the polymer B on the cross section of the composite fiber is preferably 20/80-80/20.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the composite fiber, which comprises the following steps:
and (3) respectively feeding the polymer A slice and the polymer B slice into a A, B feed port by using parallel type, eccentric core-sheath type or other types of composite port gold, melting the polymer A slice and the polymer B slice by a melt spinning machine, and then compounding and discharging the molten polymer A slice and the polymer B slice by a spinneret plate to form a filament. The composite fiber is obtained by a one-step reeling process of spinning and stretching through a cooling and oiling step. The mass fraction difference of the polyether structural units in the polymer A is 10-60 wt% compared with the mass fraction of the polyether structural units in the polymer B, and the content of the polyether structural units in the composite fiber is 5-50 wt%.
The spinning speed is 1000-3000 m/min, preferably 1000-2000 m/min; the extension temperature is 20-90 ℃, preferably 20-50 ℃; the extension multiplying power is 1.0-3.0 times.
In order to obtain good crimping property and moisture absorption and release spontaneous expansion property of the composite fiber, the difference of polyether structural unit content in the polymer A and the polymer B is 10-60 wt%, and when the difference of the polyether structural unit content and the polymer A is less than 10wt%, the difference of moisture absorption and elongation of the polymer A and the polymer B is small, and the composite fiber with good crimping property and moisture absorption and release spontaneous expansion property cannot be obtained; when the difference is more than 60% by weight, the content of polyether structural units in one polymer is too high, resulting in poor spinning properties. The difference in mass fraction of polyether structural units in the polymer A to the mass fraction of polyether structural units in the polymer B is preferably from 30 to 50% by weight.
Under the conditions satisfying the above-mentioned content difference, while considering spinnability at the time of production and sufficient difference in elongation at moisture absorption of the polymer A and the polymer B, it is preferable that the mass fraction of the polyether structural unit in the polymer A is 0 to 20% by weight and the mass fraction of the polyether structural unit in the polymer B is 30 to 60% by weight.
In addition to the difference in polyether structural unit content between polymer A and polymer B, it is also desirable to control the polyether structural unit content in the composite fiber to be in the range of 5 to 50wt% by selecting a suitable composite ratio of polymer A and polymer B, i.e., preferably the area ratio of polymer A to polymer B in the cross section of the composite fiber is 20/80 to 80/20.
Compared with the traditional polyester and polyamide fiber, the composite fiber prepared by the invention has good crimping property and moisture absorption and release spontaneous expansion property. The composite fiber is treated in boiling water for 30 minutes and dried, and the curl number A of the composite fiber is measured to be 10-30/2.5 cm; the dried composite fiber is absorbed again, and the curl number B is 0 to 50 percent of the curl number A. The water absorption elongation of the fiber is 26-60%, and the elongation recovery is 85-100%. The fabric prepared from the fiber has good air permeability, so that the fiber has good moisture absorption quick-drying property, elasticity and drapability after being made into clothing, and has more advantages than the traditional fiber in the field of sportswear.
The evaluation methods of the physical properties and the like mentioned in the present invention are as follows.
1. Number of curls
Winding ten yarns with a strand yarn length measuring instrument at a tension of 0.1g/D, treating the yarns in boiling water for 30 minutes after wrapping the yarns with a mesh bag of about 10cm multiplied by 10cm, air-drying and adjusting humidity at 65% RH at 20 ℃, then carrying out dry heat treatment for 2 minutes in a relaxed state in a non-contact 160 ℃ environment, hanging the treated yarns on a sample table after cutting single yarns with a length of about 20cm in a tension-free and tension-free state, waiting for 30 seconds after applying pre-tension, marking at two ends with a distance of 5cm, taking down the load, cutting the yarns with the distance of 5cm, measuring the number under a microscope, and taking the number of the measured coils as a 'dry state curl number'.
Also, ten turns of yarn were wound with a yarn length measuring instrument at a tension of 0.1g/D, wrapped with a mesh bag of about 10cm×10cm, treated in boiling water for 30 minutes, air-dried at 20℃at 65% RH, humidity-adjusted, then dry-heat-treated in a relaxed state at non-contact 160℃for 2 minutes, then immersed in softened water adjusted to 20℃for 1 minute, lifted from the water, the residual moisture on the surface of the fiber was sandwiched in filter paper air-dried at 20℃at 65% RH, placed on a horizontal table, and loaded with 1.5g/cm 2 After wiping off the residual moisture on the surface of the fiber, hanging the treated yarn on a sample table in a tension-free and tension-free state, waiting for 30s after applying pre-tension, marking at two ends of a distance of 5cm, taking down the load, cutting the yarn of the distance of 5cm, measuring the number under a microscope, taking the measured number of coils as a 'wet state curl number',
pretension=0.18 mN/tex×linear density.
2. Elongation at Water absorption:
reeling the fiber, treating with boiling water in relaxed state for 30 min, air drying at 20deg.C and 65% RH, regulating humidity, dry heat treating at non-contact 160 deg.C for 2 min in relaxed state, standing the treated fiber at 20deg.C and 65% RH for 24 hr, and applying 0.88×10 to the fiber -3 cN/dtex, the measured filament length was defined as "filament length L at drying 1 "; the wire is then adjustedSoaking in 20deg.C softened water for 1 min, lifting from water, placing the residual water on the surface of fiber in air-dried filter paper at 20deg.C 65% RH, placing on a horizontal table top, and loading 1.5g/cm 2 After being left for 2 seconds and the residual moisture on the surface of the fiber was wiped off, the solution was applied for 10 seconds at a rate of 0.88X 10 -3 cN/dtex, the measured length is taken as the "length of filament upon absorption L 2 "; finally, the filaments were air-dried at 20℃at 65% RH and then subjected to a humidity control, followed by a non-contact dry heat treatment at 160℃under relaxed conditions for 2 minutes, and the treated filaments were left for 24 hours at 20℃at 65% RH, after which 0.88X 10 was applied thereto -3 cN/dtex, the measured filament length was defined as "filament length L at re-drying 3 ". The water absorption elongation and elongation recovery were calculated by the following formulas. The measurements were all performed at 20℃under 65% RH.
Elongation at water absorption (%) = (L) 2 -L 1 )/L 1 ×100％，
Elongation recovery (%) = (L 2 -L 3 )/(L 2 -L 1 )×100％。
3. Polyether content
Polyether content: 1H-NMR was performed after 1, 3-hexafluoroisopropanol-D2 was added to the sample to prepare a solution. The polyether content was calculated from the area value of the peak.
4. Area ratio of Polymer A to Polymer B in the Cross section of the Complex fiber
The sample of the cross section of the fiber is prepared by paraffin embedding and slicing, then photographing is carried out under an optical electron microscope, and paper printing is carried out. Further, the printed cross-sectional view is cut according to the polymer A part and the polymer B part, and the weight of the polymer A part and the weight of the polymer B part are respectively weighed, so that the area ratio of the polymer A to the polymer B on the fiber cross section can be directly obtained from the weight ratio of the polymer A part and the polymer B part in view of the fact that the density and the thickness of paper are the same.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
Raw materials: polymer A is a polyester containing no polyether structural units and polymer B is a polyester containing 40% by weight of polyether structural units (polyethylene glycol structural units).
And drying the slices until the water content is below 400ppm, putting the slices into a spinning bin, and spinning by using parallel composite alloy. Spinning temperature is 290 ℃, spinning speed is 1300m/min, and extension multiplying power is 3.0 times. And (3) cooling after the spinneret plate produces filaments, and spinning by a one-step method after oil feeding to obtain the composite fibers. The area ratio of the polymer A to the polymer B on the cross section of the fiber is 50/50, the curl number after being treated in boiling water for 30 minutes and then being dried is 16/2.5 cm, and the curl number of the dried composite fiber is reduced to 4/2.5 cm after the composite fiber absorbs water again. The water absorption elongation of the fiber was 30% and the elongation recovery was 95%.
Example 2
Raw materials: polymer A is a polyester containing no polyether structural units and polymer B is a polyamide containing 40% by weight of polyether structural units (polyethylene glycol structural units).
And drying the slices until the water content is below 400ppm, putting the slices into a spinning bin, and spinning by using parallel composite alloy. Spinning temperature is 290 ℃, spinning speed is 1300m/min, and extension multiplying power is 2.8 times. And (3) cooling after the spinneret plate produces filaments, and spinning by a one-step method after oil feeding to obtain the composite fibers. The area ratio of the polymer A to the polymer B on the cross section of the fiber is 50/50, the curl number after being treated in boiling water for 30 minutes and then being dried is 18/2.5 cm, and the curl number of the dried composite fiber is reduced to 4/2.5 cm after the composite fiber absorbs water again. The water absorption elongation of the fiber was 35% and the elongation recovery was 93%.
Example 3
Raw materials: polymer A is a polyamide containing no polyether structural units and polymer B is a polyamide containing 40% by weight of polyether structural units (polyethylene glycol structural units).
And drying the slices until the water content is below 400ppm, putting the slices into a spinning bin, and spinning by using parallel composite alloy. Spinning temperature is 260 ℃, spinning speed is 1300m/min, and extension multiplying power is 2.6 times. And (3) cooling after the spinneret plate produces filaments, and spinning by a one-step method after oil feeding to obtain the composite fibers. The area ratio of the polymer A to the polymer B on the cross section of the fiber is 50/50, the curl number after being treated in boiling water for 30 minutes and then being dried is 25/2.5 cm, and the curl number of the dried composite fiber is reduced to 6/2.5 cm after the composite fiber absorbs water again. The water absorption elongation of the fiber is 45%, and the elongation recovery is 90%.
Example 4
Raw materials: polymer A is a polyamide containing no polyether structural units and polymer B is a polyamide containing 40% by weight of polyether structural units (polypropylene glycol structural units).
And drying the slices until the water content is below 400ppm, putting the slices into a spinning bin, and spinning by using parallel composite alloy. Spinning temperature is 260 ℃, spinning speed is 1300m/min, and extension multiplying power is 2.6 times. And (3) cooling after the spinneret plate produces filaments, and spinning by a one-step method after oil feeding to obtain the composite fibers. The area ratio of the polymer A to the polymer B on the cross section of the fiber is 50/50, the curl number of the fiber after being treated in boiling water for 30 minutes and then being dried is 23/2.5 cm, and the dried composite fiber is subjected to water absorption again, so that the curl number is reduced to 11/2.5 cm. The water absorption elongation of the fiber was 34% and the elongation recovery was 93%.
Example 5
Raw materials: polymer A is a polyamide containing no polyether structural units and polymer B is a polyamide containing 40% by weight of polyether structural units (polytetramethylene glycol structural units).
And drying the slices until the water content is below 400ppm, putting the slices into a spinning bin, and spinning by using parallel composite alloy. Spinning temperature is 260 ℃, spinning speed is 1300m/min, and extension multiplying power is 2.6 times. And (3) cooling after the spinneret plate produces filaments, and spinning by a one-step method after oil feeding to obtain the composite fibers. The area ratio of the polymer A to the polymer B on the cross section of the fiber is 50/50, the curl number of the fiber after being treated in boiling water for 30 minutes and then being dried is 23/2.5 cm, and the dried composite fiber is subjected to water absorption again, so that the curl number is reduced to 9/2.5 cm. The water absorption elongation of the fiber was 38% and the elongation recovery was 94%.
Example 6
Raw materials: polymer A is a polyamide containing no polyether structural units and polymer B is a polyamide containing 20% by weight of polyether structural units (polyethylene glycol structural units).
And drying the slices until the water content is below 400ppm, putting the slices into a spinning bin, and spinning by using parallel composite alloy. Spinning temperature is 260 ℃, spinning speed is 1300m/min, and extension multiplying power is 2.6 times. And (3) cooling after the spinneret plate produces filaments, and spinning by a one-step method after oil feeding to obtain the composite fibers. The area ratio of the polymer A to the polymer B on the cross section of the fiber is 50/50, the curl number after being treated in boiling water for 30 minutes and then being dried is 20/2.5 cm, and the curl number of the dried composite fiber is reduced to 7/2.5 cm after the composite fiber absorbs water again. The water absorption elongation of the fiber was 37% and the elongation recovery was 95%.
Example 7
Raw materials: polymer A is a polyamide containing no polyether structural units and polymer B is a polyamide containing 60% by weight of polyether structural units (polyethylene glycol structural units).
And drying the slices until the water content is below 400ppm, putting the slices into a spinning bin, and spinning by using parallel composite alloy. Spinning temperature is 260 ℃, spinning speed is 1300m/min, and extension multiplying power is 2.6 times. And (3) cooling after the spinneret plate produces filaments, and spinning by a one-step method after oil feeding to obtain the composite fibers. The area ratio of the polymer A to the polymer B on the cross section of the fiber is 50/50, the curl number after being treated in boiling water for 30 minutes and then being dried is 30/2.5 cm, and the curl number of the dried composite fiber is reduced to 7/2.5 cm after the composite fiber absorbs water again. The water absorption elongation of the fiber was 55% and the elongation recovery was 90%.
Example 8
Raw materials: polymer A is a polyamide containing 20% by weight of polyether structural units (polyethylene glycol structural units) and polymer B is a polyamide containing 60% by weight of polyether structural units (polyethylene glycol structural units).
And drying the slices until the water content is below 400ppm, putting the slices into a spinning bin, and spinning by using parallel composite alloy. Spinning temperature is 260 ℃, spinning speed is 1300m/min, and extension multiplying power is 2.6 times. And (3) cooling after the spinneret plate produces filaments, and spinning by a one-step method after oil feeding to obtain the composite fibers. The area ratio of the polymer A to the polymer B on the cross section of the fiber is 50/50, the curl number of the fiber after being treated in boiling water for 30 minutes and then being dried is 22/2.5 cm, and the dried composite fiber is subjected to water absorption again, so that the curl number is reduced to 5/2.5 cm. The water absorption elongation of the fiber was 60% and the elongation recovery was 88%.
Example 9
Raw materials: polymer A is a polyamide containing no polyether structural units and polymer B is a polyamide containing 40% by weight of polyether structural units (polyethylene glycol structural units).
And drying the slices until the water content is below 400ppm, putting the slices into a spinning bin, and spinning by using parallel composite alloy. Spinning temperature is 260 ℃, spinning speed is 1300m/min, and extension multiplying power is 2.6 times. And (3) cooling after the spinneret plate produces filaments, and spinning by a one-step method after oil feeding to obtain the composite fibers. The area ratio of the polymer A to the polymer B on the cross section of the fiber is 80/20, the crimp number after the fiber is treated in boiling water for 30 minutes and then dried is 10/2.5 cm, and the dried composite fiber is subjected to water absorption again, so that the crimp number is reduced to 0/2.5 cm. The water absorption elongation of the fiber was 30% and the elongation recovery was 96%.
Example 10
Raw materials: polymer A is a polyamide containing no polyether structural units and polymer B is a polyamide containing 40% by weight of polyether structural units (polyethylene glycol structural units).
And drying the slices until the water content is below 400ppm, putting the slices into a spinning bin, and spinning by using parallel composite alloy. Spinning temperature is 260 ℃, spinning speed is 1300m/min, and extension multiplying power is 2.6 times. And (3) cooling after the spinneret plate produces filaments, and spinning by a one-step method after oil feeding to obtain the composite fibers. The area ratio of the polymer A to the polymer B on the cross section of the fiber is 20/80, the crimp number after the fiber is treated in boiling water for 30 minutes and then dried is 12/2.5 cm, and the dried composite fiber is subjected to water absorption again, so that the crimp number is reduced to 2/2.5 cm. The water absorption elongation of the fiber was 52% and the elongation recovery was 90%.
Example 11
Raw materials: polymer A is a polyamide containing no polyether structural units and polymer B is a polyamide containing 40% by weight of polyether structural units (polyethylene glycol structural units).
And drying the slices until the water content is below 400ppm, putting the slices into a spinning bin, and spinning by using eccentric core-sheath type composite alloy. Spinning temperature is 260 ℃, spinning speed is 1300m/min, and extension multiplying power is 2.6 times. And (3) cooling after the spinneret plate produces filaments, and spinning by a one-step method after oil feeding to obtain the composite fibers. The area ratio of the polymer A to the polymer B on the cross section of the fiber is 50/50, the curl number after being treated in boiling water for 30 minutes and then being dried is 24/2.5 cm, and the curl number of the dried composite fiber is reduced to 6/2.5 cm after the composite fiber absorbs water again. The water absorption elongation of the fiber was 46% and the elongation recovery was 91%.
Example 12
Raw materials: polymer A is a polyamide containing no polyether structural units and polymer B is a polyamide containing 10% by weight of polyether structural units (polyethylene glycol structural units).
And drying the slices until the water content is below 400ppm, putting the slices into a spinning bin, and spinning by using parallel composite alloy. Spinning temperature is 260 ℃, spinning speed is 1300m/min, and extension multiplying power is 2.6 times. And (3) cooling after the spinneret plate produces filaments, and spinning by a one-step method after oil feeding to obtain the composite fibers. The area ratio of the polymer A to the polymer B on the cross section of the fiber is 50/50, the curl number after being treated in boiling water for 30 minutes and then being dried is 20/2.5 cm, and the curl number of the dried composite fiber is reduced to 10/2.5 cm after the composite fiber absorbs water again. The water absorption elongation of the fiber was 26% and the elongation recovery was 98%.
Comparative example 1
Raw materials: polymer A is a polyamide containing no polyether structural units and polymer B is a polyamide containing 80% by weight of polyether structural units (polyethylene glycol structural units).
And drying the slices until the water content is below 400ppm, putting the slices into a spinning bin, spinning by using parallel composite alloy, and adjusting the feeding ratio of the polymer A to the polymer B so that the area ratio of the polymer A to the polymer B on the cross section of the target composite fiber is 50/50. Spinning temperature is 260 ℃, spinning speed is 1300m/min, and extension multiplying power is 2.6 times. After the spinneret plate produces the filaments, the filaments are cooled, and after oil is fed, the filaments are spun by a one-step method, and the filaments are easy to break due to the excessive polyethylene glycol content in the polymer B, so that the spinning is impossible.
Comparative example 2
Raw materials: polymer A is a polyamide containing 50% by weight of polyether structural units (polyethylene glycol structural units) and polymer B is a polyamide containing 70% by weight of polyether structural units (polyethylene glycol structural units).
And drying the slices until the water content is below 400ppm, putting the slices into a spinning bin, spinning by using parallel composite alloy, and adjusting the feeding ratio of the polymer A to the polymer B so that the area ratio of the polymer A to the polymer B on the cross section of the target composite fiber is 50/50. Spinning temperature is 260 ℃, spinning speed is 1300m/min, and extension multiplying power is 2.6 times. The spinneret plate is cooled after filament discharge, and after oil feeding, the spinning is performed by a one-step method, and due to the fact that the polyethylene glycol content in the whole polymer is too high, filament floating and filament breakage easily occur, and spinning is impossible.
Comparative example 3
Raw materials: polymer A is a polyamide containing no polyether structural units and polymer B is a polyamide containing 2% by weight of polyether structural units (polyethylene glycol structural units).
And drying the slices until the water content is below 400ppm, putting the slices into a spinning bin, and spinning by using core-sheath composite alloy. Spinning temperature is 260 ℃, spinning speed is 1300m/min, and extension multiplying power is 2.6 times. And (3) cooling after the spinneret plate produces filaments, and spinning by a one-step method after oil feeding to obtain the composite fibers. The area ratio of the polymer A to the polymer B on the cross section of the fiber is 50/50, the crimp number after the fiber is treated in boiling water for 30 minutes and then dried is 10/2.5 cm, and the dried composite fiber is subjected to water absorption again, so that the crimp number is reduced to 8/2.5 cm. The water absorption elongation of the fiber was 5% and the elongation recovery was 100%. Due to the low polyether content, good water absorption elongation properties cannot be produced.
Comparative example 4
Raw materials: polyamides containing 40% by weight of polyether building blocks (polyethylene glycol building blocks).
And (3) drying the slices until the water content is below 400ppm, putting the slices into a spinning bin for spinning, and spinning with round-mouth gold at a spinning temperature of 260 ℃ at a spinning speed of 1300m/min and an extension ratio of 2.6 times. And (3) cooling after the spinneret plate produces filaments, and spinning the filaments by a one-step method after oil feeding to obtain the single-component circular fibers. The fiber is treated in boiling water for 30 minutes and then dried, the curl number of the fiber is 0/2.5 cm, and the dried composite fiber is absorbed again, and the curl number is reduced to 0/2.5 cm. The water absorption elongation of the fiber was 10% and the elongation recovery was 100%. The single-component cross-section structure cannot generate water absorption elongation characteristics.
The specific parameters of the examples and comparative examples are shown in tables 1 and 2.

Claims (8)

  1. The composite fiber is formed by composite spinning of a polymer A and a polymer B, and is characterized in that: the composite fiber contains 5-50wt% of polyether structural units; the composite fiber is treated in boiling water for 30 minutes, and the curl number A after drying is 10-30/2.5 cm; the dried composite fiber was immersed in softened water at 20 ℃ for 1 minute and then surface water was wiped off, and the crimp number B was 0 to 50% of the crimp number a.
  2. The composite fiber according to claim 1, wherein: the polyether structural unit is at least one of a polyethylene glycol structural unit, a polypropylene glycol structural unit and a polytetramethylene glycol structural unit.
  3. The composite fiber according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the polymer A and the polymer B are respectively polyester or polyamide.
  4. The composite fiber according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the composite fiber is a parallel type or eccentric core-sheath type composite fiber.
  5. The composite fiber according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the area ratio of the polymer A to the polymer B on the cross section of the composite fiber is 20/80-80/20.
  6. The method for preparing the composite fiber according to claim 1, which is formed by composite spinning of a polymer A and a polymer B, and is characterized in that: the mass fraction difference of the polyether structural units in the polymer A is 10-60 wt% compared with the mass fraction of the polyether structural units in the polymer B, and the content of the polyether structural units in the composite fiber is 5-50 wt%.
  7. The method for preparing the composite fiber according to claim 6, wherein: the mass fraction of polyether structural units in the polymer A is 0-20wt%; the mass fraction of polyether structural units in the polymer B is 30-60 wt%.
  8. The method for producing a composite fiber according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: the difference of the mass fractions of the polyether structural units in the polymer A and the polymer B is 30-50 wt%.
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JPS61289126A (en) * 1985-06-14 1986-12-19 Toray Ind Inc Crimping conjugate fiber
JPH05209316A (en) * 1992-01-30 1993-08-20 Toray Ind Inc Core-sheath type conjugate fiber having excellent hygroscopic property
JP3109769B2 (en) * 1992-09-16 2000-11-20 株式会社クラレ Composite fiber
JP3144092B2 (en) * 1992-10-26 2001-03-07 東レ株式会社 Core-sheath type composite fiber with excellent hygroscopicity
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