CN116683995A - Probability shaping eight-stage pulse amplitude modulation method and system based on Huffman coding - Google Patents
Probability shaping eight-stage pulse amplitude modulation method and system based on Huffman coding Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
- H04B10/524—Pulse modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
- H04B10/2507—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion
- H04B10/2543—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to fibre non-linearities, e.g. Kerr effect
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/50—Transmitters
- H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
- H04B10/54—Intensity modulation
- H04B10/541—Digital intensity or amplitude modulation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a probability shaping eight-stage pulse amplitude modulation method and a system based on Huffman coding, wherein the method comprises the following steps of S1, generating a pseudo-random binary bit stream and performing serial-parallel conversion to form three paths of parallel bit streams; s2, carrying out probability shaping processing based on Huffman coding on the first path of bit stream and the second path of bit stream; and S3, mapping and combining each output bit of the first path of bit stream after probability shaping, the second path of bit stream after probability shaping and the third path of bit stream according to a set modulation sequence to form an eight-stage pulse amplitude modulation symbol, and outputting a modulation signal with the eight-stage pulse amplitude modulation symbols in a string. The invention can reduce the nonlinear effect of the signal, realize the performance of reducing the error rate of the signal and improving the receiving sensitivity, obtain different output bit information and achieve the effect of self-adaptive probability shaping.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a probability shaping eight-stage pulse amplitude modulation method and a modulation system.
Background
Conventional communication systems have inherent power limitation problems, and the nonlinear effect of the optical fiber caused by higher transmission power affects the transmission performance of the whole system. In practical pulse amplitude modulation communication systems, the practical transmit power is limited due to device nonlinear effects, dispersion, fiber loss, etcWill result in the actual mutual information being lower than the theoretical channel capacity value and the length of each generated output sequence in the prior art is limited to 2 N The effect of adaptive probability shaping is not provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a probability shaping eight-stage pulse amplitude modulation method based on Huffman coding, which solves the technical problems;
the invention also aims to provide a probability shaping eight-stage pulse amplitude modulation system based on Huffman coding, which solves the technical problems;
the technical problems solved by the invention can be realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the probability shaping eight-stage pulse amplitude modulation method based on Huffman coding comprises,
s1, generating a pseudo-random binary bit stream and performing serial-parallel conversion to form three parallel bit streams;
s2, carrying out probability shaping processing based on Huffman coding on the first path of bit stream and the second path of bit stream;
step S3, mapping and combining each output bit of the first path of bit stream after probability shaping, the second path of bit stream after probability shaping and the third path of bit stream according to a set modulation sequence to form an eight-stage pulse amplitude modulation symbol, and outputting a modulation signal with the eight-stage pulse amplitude modulation symbol in a string;
and S4, modulating the modulated signal onto an optical carrier to obtain an optical signal, and transmitting the optical signal to a signal demodulation module through an optical fiber to demodulate and output the optical signal to obtain a binary output bit stream.
Preferably, step S2 comprises,
step S21, generating k input coding blocks with corresponding probabilities from a Huffman binary tree;
and S22, mapping the first path of bit stream and the second path of bit stream into binary bits corresponding to the input coding block based on Huffman coding mapping.
Preferably, step S2 further comprises,
and S23, mapping k input coding blocks to output binary coding blocks, and carrying out bit stream transmission on the first path of bit stream after probability shaping and the second path of bit stream after probability shaping.
Preferably, the probability P (B i =0) (i=1, 2) is,
where k is the total number of branches of the Huffman binary tree, m is the total number of mapped bits, p t I is the i-th bit stream for the number of 0 s in the mapping bit.
Preferably, the probability P of 0 occurrence for each of the eight-level pulse amplitude modulation symbols is,
wherein i is the ith path of bit stream, and 1/2 is the probability of 0 of the third path of bit stream.
Preferably, eight-level pulse amplitude modulation constellation points are distributed on the set L, each constellation point corresponds to one of the eight-level pulse amplitude modulation symbols, and probability distribution of the eight-level pulse amplitude modulation symbols obeys gaussian distribution.
Preferably, step S4 comprises,
step S41, modulating the modulation signal onto an optical carrier wave through an electro-optical conversion module to obtain the optical signal;
step S42, transmitting the optical signal into a standard single mode fiber and transmitting the optical signal to a signal demodulation module;
step S43, the signal demodulation module obtains a probability shaping eight-stage pulse amplitude demodulation signal after photoelectric conversion of the optical signal, and obtains a decoded binary bit stream after demapping of the probability shaping eight-stage pulse amplitude demodulation signal by a demapper and decoding by a decoder;
step S44, obtaining the binary output bitstream from the decoded binary bitstream through huffman decoding.
A probability shaping eight-stage pulse amplitude modulation system based on Huffman coding, which is used for implementing the probability shaping eight-stage pulse amplitude modulation method and comprises the following steps of,
the data source module is used for generating a pseudo-random binary bit stream and carrying out serial-parallel conversion to form three paths of parallel bit streams;
the probability shaping module is connected with the data source module and is used for carrying out probability shaping processing based on Huffman coding on the first path bit stream and the second path bit stream;
the pulse amplitude modulation module is connected with the probability shaping module and is used for mapping the bit stream output by the probability shaping module into the eight-stage pulse amplitude modulation symbol output;
the electro-optical conversion module is connected with the pulse amplitude modulation module and used for modulating the modulation signal onto an optical carrier wave to obtain the optical signal;
the signal demodulation module is connected with the electro-optical conversion module and is used for demodulating the optical signal to obtain the binary output bit stream.
Preferably, a channel coding module is arranged between the pulse amplitude modulation module and the probability shaping module, the channel coding module performs channel coding on the bit stream output by the probability shaping module through LDPC coding, and a decoder corresponding to the channel coding module is arranged in the signal demodulation module.
Preferably, the electro-optical conversion module adopts a mach-zehnder modulator, and the modulation signal is modulated onto an optical carrier wave through the mach-zehnder modulator to obtain the optical signal.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the technical scheme, the invention can reduce the nonlinear effect of the signal, realize the performance of reducing the error rate of the signal and improving the receiving sensitivity, obtain different output bit information according to the structure of Huffman coding and achieve the effect of self-adaptive probability shaping.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of steps of a probability-shaping eight-level pulse amplitude modulation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of step S2 in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a probability distribution diagram of eight-level pulse amplitude modulation symbols in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the step S4 in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a probability-shaping eight-level pulse-amplitude modulation system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of signal modulation in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a flowchart of signal demodulation in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
The probability shaping eight-level pulse amplitude modulation method based on huffman coding, as shown in fig. 1 to 7, includes,
s1, generating a pseudo-random binary bit stream and performing serial-parallel conversion to form three parallel bit streams;
s2, carrying out probability shaping processing based on Huffman coding on the first path of bit stream and the second path of bit stream;
step S3, mapping and combining each output bit of the first path of bit stream after probability shaping, the second path of bit stream after probability shaping and the third path of bit stream according to a set modulation sequence to form an eight-stage pulse amplitude modulation symbol, and outputting a modulation signal with a string of eight-stage pulse amplitude modulation symbols;
and S4, modulating the modulated signal onto an optical carrier to obtain an optical signal, and transmitting the optical signal to a signal demodulation module 7 through an optical fiber to demodulate and output the optical signal to obtain a binary output bit stream.
Specifically, in order to obey the optimal input probability distribution of the additive white gaussian noise channel, the channel capacity is improved, the probability shaping (probabilistic shaping, PS) technology increases the probability of the occurrence of signals with small amplitude by reducing the probability of the occurrence of signals with large amplitude, and the probability shaping technology reduces the average power of the signals by converting the traditional uniform probability distribution into the near gaussian probability distribution under the condition of not increasing the hardware complexity of the system, thereby improving the tolerance of the fiber nonlinear effect of the signals and the channel capacity;
the probability shaping scheme based on the Huffman coding, such as the Huffman coding sphere shaping technology, greatly reduces the computational complexity due to the construction of the Huffman binary tree. The average power of the whole signal is reduced, so that the transmitting power is saved. Therefore, the invention applies the probability shaping technology to PAM8, and provides a probability shaping eight-level pulse amplitude modulation (PS-PAM 8) method and system based on Huffman coding distribution matching.
Further, in step S2, probability shaping processing based on huffman coding is performed on the first path of bit stream and the second path of bit stream, no processing is performed on the third path of bit stream, and the pseudo-random binary bit stream is subjected to serial-parallel conversion to form three paths of parallel bit streams, so that the requirement of bits in modulation of eight-level pulse amplitude modulation symbols is met, probability shaping based on huffman coding is performed on the first path of bit stream and the second path of bit stream, so as to obtain probability shaping gain and improve bit error rate performance of a system, and no processing is performed on the third path of bit stream, so that a probability distribution diagram of PS-PAM8 symbols is obtained after the probability shaping module 2 based on a huffman coding algorithm is subjected to near Gaussian distribution.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, step S2 includes,
step S21, generating k input coding blocks with corresponding probabilities from a Huffman binary tree;
step S22, mapping the first path bit stream and the second path bit stream into binary bits corresponding to the input coding block based on Huffman coding mapping.
Specifically, the present embodiment takes the case where the probability shaping parameter k=4 as an example, where the huffman coding mapping first generates 4 coding blocks with corresponding probabilities from the huffman binary tree and then maps them to corresponding binary bits, and where the probability shaping parameter k=4, the huffman binary tree generates 4 input coding blocks "1", "01", "001", "000" and corresponding probabilities p= [1/2,1/4,1/8 ]] T 。
In a preferred embodiment, step S2 further comprises,
and S23, mapping k input coding blocks to output binary coding blocks, and carrying out bit stream transmission on the first path of bit stream after probability shaping and the second path of bit stream after probability shaping.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the 4 input encoding blocks "1", "01", "001", "000" are mapped to the output encoding blocks "00", "01", "10" and "11", so that the new first two bit streams can be transmitted, while the other bit stream does not undergo additional processing, at this time, the number of data of the three parallel bit streams is equal,
in a preferred embodiment, the first and second bitstreams have a probability P (B i =0) (i=1, 2) is,
where k is the sum of branches of the Huffman binary treeNumber, m is the total number of mapped bits, p t I is the i-th bit stream for the number of 0 s in the mapping bit.
In a preferred embodiment, the probability P of 0 occurrence for each eight-level pwm symbol is,
where i is the i-th bit stream and 1/2 is the probability that the third bit stream appears 0.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, eight-level pulse amplitude modulation constellation points are distributed on the set L, each constellation point corresponds to an eight-level pulse amplitude modulation symbol, and the probability distribution of the eight-level pulse amplitude modulation symbol follows a gaussian distribution.
Specifically, referring to fig. 3, eight-level pulse amplitude modulation PAM8 constellation points are distributed on L e { ±1, ±3, ±5, ±7 }; each constellation point corresponds to a symbol, each symbol consisting of 3 bits.
Further, in order to achieve the minimum signal average power, the symbol 001 (000) with the first bit and the second bit of '00' is distributed at +1 (-1), the symbol 011 (010) with the first bit and the second bit of '01' is distributed at +3 (-3), the symbol 101 (100) with the first bit and the second bit of '10' is distributed at +5 (-5), and the symbol 111 (110) with the first bit and the second bit of '11' is distributed at +7 (-7). In fig. 3, when k=4, the PS-PAM8 symbol probability distribution map obtained by the probability shaping module based on the huffman coding algorithm obeys a near gaussian distribution.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, step S4 includes,
step S41, modulating the modulated signal onto an optical carrier wave through an electro-optical conversion module 5 to obtain an optical signal;
step S42, transmitting the optical signal into a standard single mode fiber and transmitting the optical signal to the signal demodulation module 7;
step S43, the signal demodulation module 7 obtains a probability shaping eight-stage pulse amplitude demodulation signal after photoelectric conversion of the optical signal, and obtains a decoded binary bit stream after demapping of the probability shaping eight-stage pulse amplitude demodulation signal through a demapper and decoding of the probability shaping eight-stage pulse amplitude demodulation signal through a decoder;
step S44, the decoded binary bit stream is subjected to Huffman decoding to obtain a binary output bit stream.
A huffman coding based probability shaping eight-level pulse amplitude modulation system for implementing the probability shaping eight-level pulse amplitude modulation method of any one of the embodiments, as shown in fig. 5, 6, 7, comprising,
the data source module 1 is used for generating a pseudo-random binary bit stream and performing serial-parallel conversion to form three paths of parallel bit streams;
the probability shaping module 2 is connected with the data source module 1 and is used for carrying out probability shaping processing based on Huffman coding on the first path of bit stream and the second path of bit stream;
the pulse amplitude modulation module 4 is connected with the probability shaping module 2 and is used for mapping the bit stream output by the probability shaping module 2 into eight-level pulse amplitude modulation symbols to be output;
the electro-optical conversion module 5 is connected with the pulse amplitude modulation module 4 and is used for modulating the modulation signal onto an optical carrier wave to obtain an optical signal;
and the signal demodulation module 7 is connected with the electro-optical conversion module 5 and is used for demodulating the optical signal to obtain a binary output bit stream.
Specifically, the signal demodulation module 7 is connected to the electro-optical conversion module 5 through the link transmission module 6.
In a preferred embodiment, a channel coding module 3 is arranged between the pulse amplitude modulation module 4 and the probability shaping module 2, the channel coding module 3 carries out channel coding on the bit stream output by the probability shaping module 2 through LDPC coding, and an LDPC decoder corresponding to the channel coding module 3 is arranged in the signal demodulation module 7; preferably, the channel coding module is adopted to further reduce the error rate in the bit stream transmission process and ensure the modulation accuracy of the pulse amplitude modulation module.
In a preferred embodiment, the electro-optical conversion module 5 employs a mach-zehnder modulator by which the modulated signal is modulated onto an optical carrier to obtain an optical signal.
Specifically, referring to fig. 6 and 7, the electro-optical conversion module 5 modulates a PS-PAM8 signal to an optical carrier by a mach-zehnder modulator to obtain a PS-PAM8 optical signal; transmitting the PS-PAM8 optical signal obtained by the electro-optical conversion module 5 into a standard single mode optical fiber; the signal demodulation module 7 obtains a PS-PAM8 electric signal after photoelectric conversion of the received PS-PAM8 optical signal by a photodiode, demaps and decodes the PS-PAM8 digital signal by a demapper and an LDPC decoder to obtain a binary bit stream, and sends the decoded binary bit stream to Huffman decoding operation to obtain a binary output bit stream.
In summary, the invention provides a novel probability shaping eight-stage pulse amplitude modulation (PS-PAM 8) technology based on Huffman coding, which generates different output bit information according to different Huffman binary trees to realize the purpose of probability shaping.
The foregoing description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, and it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that equivalent substitutions and obvious variations may be made using the description and illustrations of the present invention, and are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The probability shaping eight-stage pulse amplitude modulation method based on Huffman coding is characterized by comprising the following steps of,
s1, generating a pseudo-random binary bit stream and performing serial-parallel conversion to form three parallel bit streams;
s2, carrying out probability shaping processing based on Huffman coding on the first path of bit stream and the second path of bit stream;
step S3, mapping and combining each output bit of the first path of bit stream after probability shaping, the second path of bit stream after probability shaping and the third path of bit stream according to a set modulation sequence to form an eight-stage pulse amplitude modulation symbol, and outputting a modulation signal with the eight-stage pulse amplitude modulation symbol in a string;
and S4, modulating the modulated signal onto an optical carrier to obtain an optical signal, and transmitting the optical signal to a signal demodulation module through an optical fiber to demodulate and output the optical signal to obtain a binary output bit stream.
2. The method of probability shaping eight-level pulse amplitude modulation according to claim 1, wherein step S2 comprises,
step S21, generating k input coding blocks with corresponding probabilities from a Huffman binary tree;
and S22, mapping the first path of bit stream and the second path of bit stream into binary bits corresponding to the input coding block based on Huffman coding mapping.
3. The method of probability shaping eight-level pulse amplitude modulation according to claim 2, wherein step S2 further comprises,
and S23, mapping k input coding blocks to output binary coding blocks, and carrying out bit stream transmission on the first path of bit stream after probability shaping and the second path of bit stream after probability shaping.
4. The method of probability-shaping eight-level pulse-amplitude modulation according to claim 1, wherein the first and second bitstreams have a probability P (B i =0) (i=1, 2) is,
where k is the total number of branches of the Huffman binary tree, m is the total number of mapped bits, p t I is the i-th bit stream for the number of 0 s in the mapping bit.
5. The method of probability shaping an eight-level pulse-amplitude modulation as set forth in claim 4, wherein the probability P of occurrence of 0 for each of said eight-level pulse-amplitude modulation symbols is,
wherein i is the ith path of bit stream, and 1/2 is the probability of 0 of the third path of bit stream.
6. The method according to claim 4, wherein eight-level pulse amplitude modulation constellation points are distributed on the set L, each constellation point corresponds to one of the eight-level pulse amplitude modulation symbols, and the probability distribution of the eight-level pulse amplitude modulation symbols follows gaussian distribution.
7. The method of probability shaping eight-level pulse amplitude modulation according to claim 4, wherein step S4 comprises,
step S41, modulating the modulation signal onto an optical carrier wave through an electro-optical conversion module to obtain the optical signal;
step S42, transmitting the optical signal into a standard single mode fiber and transmitting the optical signal to a signal demodulation module;
step S43, the signal demodulation module obtains a probability shaping eight-stage pulse amplitude demodulation signal after photoelectric conversion of the optical signal, and obtains a decoded binary bit stream after demapping of the probability shaping eight-stage pulse amplitude demodulation signal by a demapper and decoding by a decoder;
step S44, obtaining the binary output bitstream from the decoded binary bitstream through huffman decoding.
8. A huffman coding based probability shaping eight-level pulse amplitude modulation system for implementing a probability shaping eight-level pulse amplitude modulation method according to any of claims 1-7, characterized by comprising,
the data source module is used for generating a pseudo-random binary bit stream and carrying out serial-parallel conversion to form three paths of parallel bit streams;
the probability shaping module is connected with the data source module and is used for carrying out probability shaping processing based on Huffman coding on the first path bit stream and the second path bit stream;
the pulse amplitude modulation module is connected with the probability shaping module and is used for mapping the bit stream output by the probability shaping module into the eight-stage pulse amplitude modulation symbol output;
the electro-optical conversion module is connected with the pulse amplitude modulation module and used for modulating the modulation signal onto an optical carrier wave to obtain the optical signal;
the signal demodulation module is connected with the electro-optical conversion module and is used for demodulating the optical signal to obtain the binary output bit stream.
9. The eight-stage pulse amplitude modulation method for probability shaping according to claim 8, wherein a channel coding module is arranged between the pulse amplitude modulation module and the probability shaping module, the channel coding module performs channel coding on the bit stream output by the probability shaping module through LDPC coding, and a decoder corresponding to the channel coding module is arranged in the signal demodulation module.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the electro-optic conversion module employs a mach-zehnder modulator, and wherein the modulated signal is modulated onto an optical carrier by the mach-zehnder modulator to obtain the optical signal.
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