CN116678389A - Resonant fiber optic gyroscope based on broadband light source - Google Patents
Resonant fiber optic gyroscope based on broadband light source Download PDFInfo
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- CN116678389A CN116678389A CN202210169841.XA CN202210169841A CN116678389A CN 116678389 A CN116678389 A CN 116678389A CN 202210169841 A CN202210169841 A CN 202210169841A CN 116678389 A CN116678389 A CN 116678389A
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- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000411 transmission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005374 Kerr effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C19/00—Gyroscopes; Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses; Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses; Measuring angular rate using gyroscopic effects
- G01C19/58—Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses
- G01C19/64—Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams
- G01C19/72—Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams with counter-rotating light beams in a passive ring, e.g. fibre laser gyrometers
- G01C19/721—Details
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
A broadband light source-based resonant fiber optic gyroscope, comprising: the broadband light source, the optical circulator, the photoelectric detector, the optical fiber ring resonator, the modulator and the signal processing unit are sequentially arranged, light emitted by the broadband light source enters the optical fiber ring resonator after passing through the optical circulator, is output from an output port of the ring resonator, is modulated by the modulator and returns in the original way, is input into the optical resonator from the output port in the opposite direction, and enters the photoelectric detector through the optical fiber circulator; the data processing unit generates a driving signal and outputs the driving signal to the modulator, receives the electric signal output by the photoelectric detector, and obtains the rotation speed and direction of the optical fiber ring resonator through demodulation operation. The device performs feedback control to adjust the frequency shift of the return light through the signal processing unit under the closed-loop working state, and remarkably reduces the system cost and complexity while realizing high-precision angular velocity measurement precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technology in the field of fiber-optic gyroscopes, in particular to a resonant fiber-optic gyroscope with broadband white light as a light source.
Background
The existing resonant fiber-optic gyroscope adopts a narrow linewidth laser light source for detecting the resonant frequency difference of two opposite directions in a resonant cavity, but various noises caused by laser bring a plurality of problems to demodulation of the resonant fiber-optic gyroscope, and the noises comprise: polarization crosstalk, back scattering and reflection in the fiber ring resonator, kerr effect due to unbalance of optical power in two directions in the fiber ring resonator, frequency and intensity noise of the light source, and the like. And the frequency of the laser is required to be aligned to the resonant frequency of the optical fiber resonant cavity in real time by a frequency locking technology, and the frequency locking loop increases the cost and complexity of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of high coherent noise, complex optical path system and control algorithm and low measurement precision caused by the need of using a high coherent laser light source and a plurality of locking feedback loops in the existing resonant gyroscope and the adverse effects of backward scattering signals, nonlinear Kerr effect and the like which are easily caused by the high coherent light source, the invention provides the resonant fiber optic gyroscope based on broadband white light, which is used for carrying out feedback control to adjust the frequency shift of return light through a signal processing unit under a closed-loop working state, thereby realizing high-precision angular velocity measurement precision and simultaneously remarkably reducing the system cost and complexity.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a resonant fiber optic gyroscope based on a broadband light source, comprising: the broadband light source, the optical circulator, the photoelectric detector, the optical fiber ring resonator, the modulator and the signal processing unit are sequentially arranged, wherein: light emitted by the broadband light source enters the optical fiber ring resonator after passing through the optical gyrator, is output from an output port of the ring resonator, is modulated by the modulator and returns in an original path, is input into the optical resonator from the output port in the opposite direction, and enters the photoelectric detector through the optical fiber circulator; the data processing unit generates a driving signal and outputs the driving signal to the modulator, receives the electric signal output by the photoelectric detector, and obtains the rotation speed and direction of the optical fiber ring resonator through demodulation operation.
The optical fiber ring resonator comprises: two optical couplers and an optical fiber ring, wherein: the two optical fiber ports of the optical fiber ring are respectively connected with the fourth port of the first optical coupler and the fourth port of the second optical coupler, and the second port of the first optical coupler is connected with the second port of the second optical coupler, so that a ring-shaped resonant cavity is formed; the first port of the first optical coupler is connected with the phase modulator, and the third port is empty and subjected to reflection inhibition treatment; the first port of the second optical coupler is connected with the optical circulator, and the third port is empty and subjected to reflection inhibition treatment.
The broadband light source is preferably an erbium-doped super-fluorescent fiber light source.
The modulator may be a reflective device or a combination of a transmissive modulator and a mirror.
The modulation adopts frequency modulation or phase modulation.
The signal processing unit is used for generating a driving signal, synchronizing a reference signal required by demodulation and demodulating an electric signal; the data processing unit is implemented using, but not limited to, a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).
The opposite direction refers to: the optical signal emitted by the broadband light source is output to the first port of the optical circulator and is output through the second port, is input into the optical fiber ring resonator through the first optical coupler, is output to the modulator from the second optical coupler for modulation, is input into the optical fiber ring resonator along the same optical path in the opposite direction, and is output to the photoelectric detector from the third port of the optical circulator.
When the optical fiber resonant cavity rotates at the angular rate omega, the resonant frequencies transmitted in two opposite directions of the resonant cavity are not the same due to the Sganca effect, but a frequency difference f proportional to the rotation angular velocity omega is generated sag Thus, when light passes through the cavity from two opposite directions, i.e. F CW (v)＝F CCW (v+f sag ) Wherein F CW (v) As a function of the transmission spectrum of the fiber ring cavity in the clockwise direction (CW), F CCW (v) Is a function of the transmission spectrum in the counterclockwise direction (CCW). The loss suffered by broadband light when passing through the optical fiber resonant cavity twice in opposite directions is along with f sag The optical power detected by the photodetector increases with the increase of f sag Increase of (2)And decrease, f can be judged according to the degree of decrease of the optical power sag But cannot judge f sag Is a sign of (3).
The rotation speed and direction of the optical fiber ring resonant cavity are obtained through an open loop or closed loop state mode, and specifically:
(1) in an open loop state, the signal processing unit generates a periodic signal with the frequency omega to drive the modulator, so that the instantaneous frequency of the optical signal passing through the modulator generates a periodic disturbance delta f with the frequency omega; the signal processing unit uses the driving signal as a reference signal to synchronously detect the electric signal output by the photoelectric detector, and extracts the component P with the frequency omega in the voltage signal output by the photoelectric detector out According to P out Demodulation to obtain the magnitude and direction of the rotation angular velocity omega of the optical fiber ring resonator, namely P out =kΩ, where: k is the calibration coefficient.
The calibration coefficient k is preferably applied to the fiber-optic gyroscope to be calibrated by an angular velocity omega measured by a precision turntable and according to a corresponding demodulation signal P out And (5) calculating to obtain the product.
(2) In a closed loop state (the connection mode does not need to be changed), the signal processing unit generates a driving signal to be output to the modulator, and generates an adjustable frequency shift 8f while generating a periodic disturbance delta f with the frequency omega to the instantaneous frequency of the optical signal 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the At this time, the signal processing unit uses the periodic signal with the frequency of omega as a reference signal to synchronously detect the electric signal, and adjusts δf in real time 0 The magnitude and sign of the components are such that the frequency of the component P of the electrical signal is omega out Always 0, i.e. with P out By controlling δf as a feedback error signal 0 Is of a magnitude and sign such that the error signal P out Held at 0, the gyroscope is operated in a closed loop state, δf 0 Just compensate f sag Thereby obtaining the rotation angular velocity of the gyroscopeWherein: d is the radius of the optical fiber ring, n is the refractive index of the optical fiber, and lambda is the light sourceIs a center wavelength of (c).
Technical effects
The invention integrally solves the defects that a Y waveguide phase modulator is needed to realize the functions of beam splitting, beam combining and modulation of light in the existing resonant fiber optic gyroscope based on a broadband light source and has high requirements on the integration level of devices; and the feedback control is performed through the signal processing unit in a closed-loop working state, so that the complexity of the system and the number of modulators are reduced, the cost is reduced, and the non-reciprocity of the system is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
in the figure: a 1 broadband white light source, a 2-light circulator, a 3-photoelectric detector, a 4 first optical coupler, a 5-fiber ring, a 6 second optical coupler, a 7-phase modulator and an 8-signal processing unit;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the embodiment;
in the figure: (a) The transmission spectrum of the optical fiber ring resonator in the clockwise direction; (b) The transmission spectrum of the optical fiber resonant cavity in the anticlockwise direction and the spectrum in the clockwise direction have the frequency shift f caused by rotation in frequency sag The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the (c) After the broadband white light passes through the optical fiber ring resonant cavity twice in the anticlockwise direction and the clockwise direction in sequence, the transmitted light intensity follows f sag Is a change curve of (2);
FIG. 3 is a time domain measurement when the embodiment is stationary;
in the figure: (a) Raw data, (b) results after 10 seconds of moving average;
fig. 4 is the measured alembic standard deviation for the example at rest.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing actual time domain measurements when angular velocity is applied in an embodiment;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the closed loop operation state of the embodiment.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment relates to a resonant fiber optic gyroscope based on a low-coherence broadband light source, including: a broadband white light source 1, an optical circulator 2, a photodetector 3, a first optical coupler 4, an optical fiber ring 5, a second optical coupler 6, a phase modulator 7 and a signal processing unit 8; wherein: the phase modulator 7, the signal processing unit 8 and the photoelectric detector 3 are sequentially connected, the optical fiber ring 5, the first optical coupler 4 and the second optical coupler 6 are welded to form an optical fiber ring resonant cavity, the optical circulator 2 is respectively connected with the broadband light source 1 and the second optical coupler 6, and the modulator 7 is connected with the first optical coupler 6; the optical signal emitted by the broadband white light source 1 is output to the optical fiber ring resonator through the optical circulator 2 to form an optical signal transmitted in the anticlockwise direction and output to the phase modulator 7, the modulated light returns to the optical fiber ring resonator along the original path, and the optical signal transmitted in the clockwise direction is formed and output to the photoelectric detector 3 through the optical circulator 2; the signal processing unit 8 generates a sine modulation signal to drive the phase modulator 7, collects the input voltage signal of the photodetector 3, and performs synchronous demodulation.
The broadband white light source 1 is preferably an erbium-doped super-fluorescent optical fiber light source, the central wavelength is 1550nm, the spectral bandwidth is 35nm, and the output optical power is 100mW.
The circulators are polarization-preserving circulators.
The optical fiber ring resonant cavity comprises: the optical fiber ring 5 is formed by winding a section of optical fiber into a ring shape, and two optical fiber ports of the optical fiber ring are respectively connected with a fourth port 6.4 of the first optical coupler 6 and a fourth port 4.4 of the second optical coupler 4, and a second port 6.2 of the first optical coupler 6 and a second port 4.2 of the second optical coupler 4 are connected, so that a ring-shaped resonant cavity is formed; the first port 6.1 of the first optical coupler 6 is connected with the phase modulator 7, and the third port 6.3 is empty and is subjected to anti-reflection treatment; the first port 4.1 of the second optical coupler 4 is connected to the optical circulator 2 and the third port 4.3 is left empty and subjected to an anti-reflection treatment.
The length of the optical fiber in the optical fiber ring is 100 meters; the diameter of the coil is 14.5cm;
the parameters of the first optical fiber coupler 6 and the second optical fiber coupler 4 are the same and are 95:5, i.e. the coupling efficiency from the first port 4.1 to the third port 4.3 of the second optical fiber coupler 4 or from the first port 6.1 to the third port 6.3 of the first optical fiber coupler 6 is 95%;
the driving signal is a sine wave with the frequency of 21.985 kHz.
The free spectral range of the fiber ring resonator is 2.01MHz, the fineness is about 30, and the scale factor is about 64.5 kHz/(rad/s).
The resonant fiber optic gyroscope detects the rotation size and direction of the fiber optic ring resonator in the following manner:
step 1) calibrating to obtain rotation angular rate omega and outputting demodulation signal P by signal processing unit out The ratio coefficient between the two is specifically: the resonant fiber optic gyroscope is fixedly rotated through a high-precision rotating table, and the obtained proportionality coefficient is 1 degree/h/mV.
Step 2) index detection is carried out on the resonant fiber optic gyroscope: the resonant fiber-optic gyroscope is placed in a static state, 10000 seconds of resonant fiber-optic gyroscope output is recorded, the sampling rate is 10Sa/s, and the obtained original time domain data is shown in fig. 3 (a). A running average was then performed over a time window of 10 seconds, as shown in fig. 3 (b). From which it can be read that the zero bias instability of the resonant fiber optic gyroscope at an average time of 10 seconds is 0.15 deg./h. The Arrhe standard deviation is calculated for the data in FIG. 3, and as shown in FIG. 4, the angle random walk of the resonant fiber optic gyroscope can be read out as
Step 3) experimental testing is carried out on the resonant fiber optic gyroscope: the fiber optic gyroscope is placed on a high-precision turntable, periodic sinusoidal rotation with the amplitude of 3600 degrees/h and the frequency of 1Hz is applied, and the performance of the gyroscope is verified according to experimental data obtained by the measurement method shown in FIG. 5.
In the closed loop experimental scheme, the structure of the gyroscope is kept unchanged, and the signal is processedThe modulation signal generated by the unit comprises two parts, wherein one part is a sine waveform with the frequency of omega=21.985 kHz, the other part is a sawtooth voltage waveform signal, and the change of the optical frequency generated by the phase modulator under the action of the sawtooth voltage isWherein: v (V) π Is half-wave voltage of phase modulator, V C Is the voltage change rate of the sawtooth voltage. The signal processing unit uses the periodic signal with the frequency omega as a reference signal to synchronously detect the electric signal output by the photoelectric detector and feed back and adjust δf in real time 0 The magnitude and sign of the components are such that the frequency of the component P of the electrical signal is omega out Always 0, when the system is operating in a closed loop state. The fiber optic gyroscope is placed on a high-precision turntable, periodic sinusoidal rotation with the amplitude of 36 degrees/h and the frequency of 1Hz is applied, and the performance of the gyroscope is verified according to experimental data obtained by the measurement method shown in figure 6.
Compared with the prior art, the resonant fiber optic gyroscope based on the broadband light source has the accuracy up toAnd the complexity and cost of the system are obviously reduced, and the system has good practical value.
The foregoing embodiments may be partially modified in numerous ways by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the claims and not by the foregoing embodiments, and all such implementations are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A broadband light source-based resonant fiber optic gyroscope, comprising: the broadband light source, the optical circulator, the photoelectric detector, the optical fiber ring resonator, the modulator and the signal processing unit are sequentially arranged, wherein: light emitted by the broadband light source enters the optical fiber ring resonator after passing through the optical gyrator, is output from an output port of the ring resonator, is modulated by the modulator and returns in an original path, is input into the optical resonator from the output port in the opposite direction, and enters the photoelectric detector through the optical fiber circulator; the data processing unit generates a driving signal and outputs the driving signal to the modulator, receives the electric signal output by the photoelectric detector, and obtains the rotation speed and direction of the optical fiber ring resonator through demodulation operation.
2. The broadband light source-based resonant fiber optic gyroscope of claim 1, wherein the fiber optic ring resonator comprises: two optical couplers and an optical fiber ring, wherein: the two optical fiber ports of the optical fiber ring are respectively connected with the fourth port of the first optical coupler and the fourth port of the second optical coupler, and the second port of the first optical coupler is connected with the second port of the second optical coupler, so that a ring-shaped resonant cavity is formed; the first port of the first optical coupler is connected with the phase modulator, and the third port is empty and subjected to reflection inhibition treatment; the first port of the second optical coupler is connected with the optical circulator, and the third port is empty and subjected to reflection inhibition treatment.
3. The broadband light source-based resonant fiber optic gyroscope of claim 1, wherein the modulator employs a reflective device or a combination of a transmissive modulator and a mirror; the modulation adopts frequency modulation or phase modulation.
4. The broadband light source-based resonant fiber optic gyroscope of claim 1, wherein the opposite directions refer to: the optical signal emitted by the broadband light source is output to the first port of the optical circulator and is output through the second port, is input into the optical fiber ring resonator through the first optical coupler, is output to the modulator from the second optical coupler for modulation, is input into the optical fiber ring resonator along the same optical path in the opposite direction, and is output to the photoelectric detector from the third port of the optical circulator.
5. The resonant fiber optic gyroscope based on broadband light source according to claim 1, wherein the rotation rate and direction of the fiber optic ring resonator are obtained by an open loop or closed loop state mode, specifically:
(1) in an open loop state, the signal processing unit generates a periodic signal with the frequency omega to drive the modulator, so that the instantaneous frequency of the optical signal passing through the modulator generates a periodic disturbance delta f with the frequency omega; the signal processing unit uses the driving signal as a reference signal to synchronously detect the voltage signal output by the photoelectric detector, and extracts the component P with the frequency omega in the voltage signal output by the photoelectric detector out According to P out Demodulation to obtain the magnitude and direction of the rotation angular velocity omega of the optical fiber ring resonator, namely P out =kΩ, where: k is a calibration coefficient;
(2) in the closed loop state, the signal processing unit generates a driving signal to be output to the modulator, and generates an adjustable frequency shift δf while generating a periodic disturbance δf with a frequency ω to the instantaneous frequency of the optical signal 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the At this time, the signal processing unit uses the periodic signal with the frequency of omega as a reference signal to synchronously detect the electric signal, and adjusts δf in real time 0 The magnitude and sign of the components are such that the frequency of the component P of the electrical signal is omega out Always 0, i.e. with P out By controlling δf as a feedback error signal 0 Is of a magnitude and sign such that the error signal P out Held at 0, the gyroscope is operated in a closed loop state, δf 0 Just compensate f sag Thereby obtaining the rotation angular velocity of the gyroscopeWherein: d is the radius of the optical fiber ring, n is the refractive index of the optical fiber, and lambda is the center wavelength of the light source.
6. The broadband light source-based resonant fiber optic gyroscope of claim 5, wherein the calibration factor k is determined by applying an angular velocity Ω to the fiber optic gyroscope to be calibrated, which is measured by a precision turntable, and based on the corresponding demodulation signal P out And (5) calculating to obtain the product.
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